The Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorder: A Systematic Review

Joint Association of Physical Activity and Sleep Quality With Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Hypertension in Douala, Cameroon

INTRODUCTION

Blood pressure (BP) control is necessary to prevent fatal events in patients with hypertension. Although physical activity (PA) and sleep quality (SQ) are known to reduce BP, their joint association is yet to be demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the joint association of PA and SQ on BP control among patients with hypertension in Cameroon.

METHODS

This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out among outpatients attending Douala General Hospital in Cameroon diagnosed with hypertension. BP was considered to be controlled if it was lower than 140/90 mm Hg. PA and SQ have been assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Odds ratio and 95% CI have been calculated, and differences were considered significant at P < .05.

RESULTS

A total of 415 participants were recruited, the mean age was 61 (11) years, and 67% were women. Around 66.3% of participants had their BP uncontrolled. Patients with uncontrolled BP had a significantly higher proportion of overweight/obesity (87.3% vs 73.6, P = .001), sedentary time ≥ 2 hours per day (37.1% vs 27.1, P = .043), and low leisure-time PA level (39.6% vs 52.9%, P = .014). After adjustment for confounders, a poor SQ associated with a low PA level significantly increased the odds of having an uncontrolled BP (odds ratio: 2.66; 95% CI, 1.13-6.24; P = .025).

CONCLUSION

Cameroonian patients with hypertension exhibit a high rate of poor BP control which is significantly associated with poor SQ and low PA level. These 2 parameters should be considered simultaneously for a better prevention of cardiovascular complications.

Multimodal Associations of Modifiable Risk Factors on White Matter Injury: The SOL-INCA-MRI Study (HCHS/SOL)

BACKGROUND

Modifiable risk factors play a central role in the development and course of neurodegenerative disorders of later life, including dementias. Although past research has focused on independent associations of modifiable risk factors, including cardiovascular disease risk factors using Framingham cardiovascular risk score, physical activity, dietary quality, body mass index, and sleep, on neurodegeneration, the impact of all 5 factors simultaneously in a multimodal model has not been studied. We examined independent associations and an overall combined model with 5 modifiable risk factors with white matter injury, a recognized risk factor for dementia, ≈10 years later in a diverse Hispanic/Latino population.

METHODS

Participants were from the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) Investigation of Nerocognitive Aging-Magnetic Resonance Imaging longitudinal study (n=2667; clinical visit 1 mean age, 52.01 [8.90] years). We conducted path and mediation analyses across 5 modifiable risk factors obtained at clinical visit 1 (2008-2011) and 2 measures of white matter injury (free water and white matter hyperintensity volume) obtained at the magnetic resonance imaging visit (2018-2022; mean age, 62.37 [9.23] years). We controlled for age at the time of the dependent variable, sex, education, Hispanic/Latino heritage, overall cognitive status, and b-value when free water was included.

RESULTS

We observed 11 significant independent associations across modifiable risk factors and white matter injury measures. The association of Framingham cardiovascular risk score to white matter hyperintensity volume was mediated by free water (indirect mediation: β=2.473; SE=0.207; P<0.001), and the association of physical activity to body mass index was mediated by sleep duration (indirect mediation: β=-0.038; SE=0.019; P=0.050). We combined the 2 mediational pathways and added diet associated with white matter hyperintensity volume (β=0.008; SE=0.007; P=0.004) and physical activity associated with Framingham cardiovascular risk score (β=-0.007; SE=0.002; P=0.001) in the overall model.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings identified how modifiable risk factors synergistically influence future white matter injury in Hispanic/Latino populations. Such multimodal models may lead to the development of novel and personalized lifestyle clinical interventions for adults at risk for dementia due to elevated white matter hyperintensity volume.

Sleep quality and physical fitness as modifiable contributors of fatigue in childhood cancer survivors

PURPOSE

Advances in cancer treatment have increased childhood cancer patient's survival rates. However, many childhood cancer survivors (CCS) face long-term effects such as fatigue. This study assessed fatigue in CCS and healthy controls (HCs), its contributors, and associated outcomes.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 90 CCS and 55 age and sex-matched HCs. Fatigue was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, and modifiable contributors included sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and physical fitness (VO2 peak during a treadmill test). Quality of life (QoL) and emotional and cognitive functioning were evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II, Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Stepwise linear regressions identified predictors of general, sleep/rest, cognitive, and total fatigue.

RESULTS

General, cognitive, and total fatigue were significantly higher in CCS compared to HCs (44.7% vs. 23%, p < .001; cognitive: 64.7% vs. 29.3%, p < .001; total fatigue: 56.5% vs. 25%, p < .001). Sex, PSQI, PSQI × sex, and PSQI × VO₂ were significant predictors for general fatigue, PSQI and PSQI × VO₂ for cognitive fatigue, and PSQI for sleep/rest and total fatigue. Cognitive and total fatigue correlated most strongly with cognitive and work-related functioning, whereas general and sleep/rest fatigue were more related to psychosocial functioning.

CONCLUSION

Fatigue is highly prevalent among CCS, with distinct factors influencing general, sleep/rest, cognitive, and total fatigue. Female survivors, those with poorer sleep quality and lower physical fitness, are at risk.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS

This study underscores the need for tailored interventions for each type of fatigue. Improving sleep quality, physical fitness, and psychological well-being may contribute to reducing fatigue and enhancing overall quality of life in CCS.

How Are We Preparing Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand Teachers to Be Health Promotors? Examining Physical Activity, Sleep and Sun Safety in Initial Teacher Education

ISSUE ADDRESSED

While physical activity, sleep and sun safety (PASS) have been identified as important modifiable health behaviours and schools and teachers have been identified as vital for health promotion and primary prevention; little is known about how initial teacher education programs across Australia and New Zealand (NZ) are preparing future teachers to deliver PASS-related curriculum. This study investigated teacher educators' insights on their programs and their graduate's preparedness to plan and teach PASS education.

METHODS

Teacher educators (n = 98) from Australia and NZ completed a 30-item electronic survey. Quantitative tests were used to explore differences in the data.

RESULTS

Consistently, time spent on physical activity far outweighed sun safety and sleep with many programs having little or no sleep or sun safety content. Of concern, many indicated they did not agree, or know if their graduates were confident to plan and teach physical activity (28%), sun safety (42%) or sleep (75%) lessons, nor were they aware of the related guidelines, health benefits and risks.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings reveal significant variance in what is being offered in Australian and NZ initial teacher education programs. Findings highlight potential gaps in graduate's knowledge of various health behaviours and confidence to plan and teach related content and their preparedness for health promotion. SO WHAT?: Findings highlight a need to include more targeted health promotion education in initial teacher education in Australia and NZ to enable teachers to deliver consistent health promotion messages when they enter school settings to properly support young people's health needs.

Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Sleep Disorders in Enhancing Quality of Life, Cognitive Function, and Sleep Quality in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and synthesize the scientific evidence of interventions for sleep disorders on sleep quality, cognitive function, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between April 2024 and January 2025 using the Core Collection of seven generic databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The PRISMA, RoB 2.0, and GRADEpro tools assessed the evidence's methodological quality and certainty. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024558406). Results: A total of 2815 records were found in the databases, of which eight studies were analyzed using the PICOS format. There was a significant large effect (p = 0.005) in favor of the experimental group compared to the control group in the Sleep Quality Index (p = 0.005). No significant differences were reported for the other variables studied. Conclusions: Interventions for sleep disorders in older people with MCI aimed at improving sleep quality demonstrated significant effects assessed with PSQI. Individual results demonstrated limited effects on cognitive function and quality-of-life assessments.

Association of sleep hygiene knowledge and physical activity with sleep quality in nursing and medical students: a cross-sectional study

Background

Sleep quality and physical activity are fundamental factors in the optimal functioning of the human organism and maintaining overall health. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between knowledge of sleep hygiene and physical activity in relation to sleep quality among nursing and medical students.

Methods

In a cross-sectional online study, a suitable and convenient sample of 300 nursing and medical students from a private university located in Chiclayo, Peru, was collected. Data were collected using the following instruments: a questionnaire concerning sleep hygiene knowledge, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data collection period spanned January and February 2024.

Results

Of the total sample, 59.3%, 51.7%, and 69.7% reported insufficient knowledge of sleep hygiene, low physical activity and poor sleep quality, respectively. Sleep hygiene knowledge and physical activity explained 17.9% of the variability in sleep quality (R 2 = 0.179, F = 32.31, p < 0.001). In addition, there is a positive and significant association between knowledge of sleep hygiene (β = 0.27; p < 0.001) and physical activity (β = 0.24; p < .001) with sleep quality.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that interventions designed to improve sleep hygiene knowledge and physical activity may be effective strategies for improving sleep duration among nursing and medical students.

Mediating Effects of Sleep Problems and Emotional Symptoms in the Relationship Between Chronotype and Self-Harm Among Adolescents Aged 11-19 Years

Purpose

Self-harm is linked to numerous adverse health and social outcomes, including repetitive self-harm and an increased risk of suicide. This study aims to explore the influence of chronotype on self-harm among adolescents and further investigate the mediating role of sleep problems and emotional symptoms.

Participants and Methods

The study was conducted between April and June 2022, involving 13 junior and senior high schools in Tianjin. The participants were asked to complete online questionnaires assessing chronotype, sleep problems, depression, anxiety, and self-harm. The data were analyzed and processed using Spearman correlation and mediation effect analysis. Two mediation pathways were tested: Model 1 with sleep problems and depression as the mediators, and Model 2 with sleep problems and anxiety as the mediators.

Results

Participants comprised 13,374 Chinese middle school adolescents (6745 boys) aged 11-19 years. In Model 1, the independent mediation effects of sleep problems and depression were -0.216 (95% CI = [-0.263, -0.172]) and -0.101 (95% CI = [-0.121, -0.083]), accounting for 33.33% and 15.59% of the total effect, respectively. The chain mediation effect was -0.170 (95% CI = [-0.196, -0.146]), accounting for 26.23% of the total effect. In Model 2, the independent mediation effects of sleep problems and anxiety were -0.232 (95% CI = [-0.279, -0.189]) and -0.075 (95% CI = [-0.091, -0.059]), respectively accounting for 35.63% and 11.52% of the total effect. The chain mediation effect was -0.151 (95% CI = [-0.176, -0.128]), accounting for 23.20% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Chronotype is a significant predictor of self-harm, with a later chronotype associated with a higher risk. Both sleep problems and emotional symptoms independently and serially mediate the relationship between chronotype and self-harm. These findings highlight the complex pathways through which chronotype influences self-harm behavior and suggest potential targets for intervention.

Public interest and engagement in care for brain health in Slovenia: the role of education

Background and objective

Knowledge gap theory posits that individuals with better education have better opportunities to obtain, understand and utilise available information. In a health-related context, this insight could lead to a more effective disease prevention. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that knowledge gap underlies differences in behaviour aimed at maintaining brain health.

Methods

We conducted an online survey investigating Slovenian public view on brain, brain research, and science-based recommendations for brain health. The survey was filled out by a total of 2,568 respondents, of whom 2,450 completed it in full. They were divided into two subgroups based on their self-reported brain-related education, i.e., the lay subgroup (n = 1,012) and a topically educated group (n = 1,438), i.e., the educated subgroup. Among the latter, 728 participants reported to have a Bachelor's degree or higher education. We analysed the views of this sample subgroup on brain, neuroscience, and science-based brain health recommendations, and compared them with age- and education-matched lay subgroup (n = 565) from the same survey.

Results

Educated individuals showed greater awareness and adherence to science-based recommendations compared to the lay respondents, specifically in the perceived importance of following a healthy diet, exercising, ensuring time for rest, relaxation and maintenance of social contacts, acquiring new knowledge and skills and using supplements that are considered to improve mental abilities (all p < 0.005), but not in the perceived importance of getting enough sleep, avoiding drugs and alcohol or injuries and performing mentally-challenging activities or cognitive training (all p > 0.10). Educated individuals more frequently reported following a healthy diet, engaging in physical activity and socialising, acquiring new knowledge and skills, performing mental challenges and cognitive training, and using supplements (all p < 0.005), but not getting sufficient sleep, avoiding drugs, alcohol or injury, or ensuring time for rest and relaxation (all p > 0.08). A larger proportion of lay than educated participants (32 and 17%, respectively) identified lack of information as a reason for not engaging in healthy practices (p < 0.001). Educated participants outperformed lay individuals in identifying diseases amenable to lifestyle modification.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences in brain health perceptions between educated and lay individuals is crucial for developing effective public health strategies. Our results highlight a substantial knowledge gap in the Slovenian population and the need for targeted educational interventions that account for varying degrees of knowledge in different population segments which could lead to better adherence to healthy lifestyle practices.

Central amygdala somatostatin neurons modulate stress-induced sleep-onset insomnia

Sleep-onset insomnia, characterized by difficulty falling asleep, is linked to increased health risks. Previous studies have shown that the central amygdala (CeA) plays a crucial role in stress regulation, with the somatostatin neurons in the CeA (CeASST+) involved in adaptive stress responses. However, the role of CeASST+ neurons in stress-induced sleep-onset insomnia remains unclear. In this study, we found that the activity of CeASST+ neurons is closely associated with stressful events using fiber photometry in mice. Acute optogenetic activation of CeASST+ neurons induced a rapid transition from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep to wakefulness. Semi-chronic optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of CeASST+ neurons led to prolonged sleep-onset latency and increased wakefulness. Chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons ameliorated sleep-onset insomnia induced by stressful stimuli, but did not affect sleep-wake behavior under physiological conditions. Collectively, our results suggested that CeASST+ neurons are a key neural substrate for modulating stress-induced sleep-onset insomnia, without influencing physiological sleep. These findings highlight CeASST+ neurons as a promising target for treating stress-related sleep-onset insomnia in clinical practice.

Physical Fitness and Sleep-Related Problems Among Adolescents: Findings From the EHDLA Study

Physical fitness, particularly cardiorespiratory fitness, has been shown to positively impact sleep quality. However, the relationship between overall physical fitness and sleep-related problems in adolescents remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association between overall physical fitness and sleep-related problems in adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 812 adolescents (median age: 14 years [interquartile range = 12-17]; 54.9% girls) from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) data. Physical fitness was measured objectively using the Assessing the Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness (ALPHA-Fit) battery for children and adolescents and a flexibility test, while sleep-related problems were evaluated using the BEARS sleep screening tool (B = Bedtime problems, E = Excessive daytime sleepiness, A = Awakenings during the night, R = Regularity and duration of sleep, S = Snoring). Generalized linear models were used to examine the association of overall physical fitness with the different components of sleep-related problems. The odds of experiencing sleep-related problems decreased significantly with each kilogram increase in handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.99), and with each standard deviation increase in overall physical fitness (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.99). In contrast, despite not statistically significant, an increase in long jump appeared to reduce the sleep-related problems (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.82-1.02), while a longer time in the 4×10-m shuttle run test might increase sleep problems (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.98-1.28). In conclusion, greater levels of physical fitness, particularly muscular strength, may be key for reducing sleep-related problems, emphasizing the importance of personalized training programs.

A study on the relationship between high school students' sleep quality, physical exercise, academic stress, and subjective well-being

OBJECTIVE

This Research explores the intermediary function of academic stress and sleep quality in the connection between physical exercise and subjective well-being among high school students.

METHODS

This Research conducted an online survey through random sampling with a sample of 540 (males = 310, females = 217; grade 10 = 159, grade 11 = 190, grade 12 = 178) high school students to explore the intermediary function of academic stress and sleep quality between physical exercise and subjective well-being. The participants were surveyed using PSQI, the Subjective Well-Being Scale, the ESSA, and PSQI. SPSS Statistics 26 was used to conduct reliability and validity tests, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis. Mediation analysis was conducted utilizing Model 6 from the PROCESS 4.0 plugin.

RESULTS

(1) Physical exercise shows a significant positive correlation with subjective well-being, and the direct impact of physical exercise on subjective well-being is also significant. (2) Physical exercise adversely affects academic stress and positively influences sleep quality. Academic stress negatively impacts sleep quality and subjective well-being, while sleep quality positively influences subjective well-being. (3) Academic stress and sleep quality serve as significant mediators between physical exercise and subjective well-being. The mediation effect encompasses two indirect paths: In one aspect, physical exercise has an indirect impact on subjective well-being through its influence on academic stress; in another aspect, physical exercise indirectly affects subjective well-being via the chain mediation effects of academic stress and sleep quality.

CONCLUSION

Physical exercise can directly influence the subjective well-being of high school students. Additionally, physical exercise can indirectly impact their subjective well-being through academic stress, and it can also indirectly influence their subjective well-being through the chain mediation effect of academic stress and sleep quality. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools provide more opportunities for physical exercise, integrated with psychological counseling and sleep management, to help students effectively alleviate academic stress, thereby enhancing their overall well-being.

The impact of a school-based physical activity program on children's movement behaviors, aerobic fitness and motor competence: a follow up study

Objective

This study evaluated the one-year impact of a 12-week school-based physical activity (PA) intervention, which added one extra hour of structured PA per week, on children's movement behaviors, aerobic fitness, and motor competence (MC).

Methods

A longitudinal comparison between an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG) was conducted at baseline (PRE), mid-intervention (DUR), post-intervention (POST), and one-year follow-up (FUP). The study was conducted in a single school without randomization. Movement behaviors (accelerometry), aerobic fitness (YYIR1C), and MC (MCA battery) were assessed. Due to school changes and parental noncompliance, the sample decreased from 38 to 23 participants (EG; n = 13; CG; n = 10), a 39% dropout rate.

Results

One year post-intervention, the EG spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; + 41 min/day), less time in SED (-234 min/day), slept longer (+103 min/night), covered greater distances in the YYIR1C (+174 m), and achieved higher MC scores (+19% on the MCA battery test) compared to the CG. Although no significant differences in body weight were observed, the EG showed improved body mass index (BMI; -5 kg/m2) and a lower body fat percentage (-10%) when compared to the CG.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that the benefits of a 3-month school-based PA intervention, which included an additional hour of physical education per week, can have sustained benefits for movement behaviors, physical fitness, and MC in children one year post-intervention. However, the small sample size and lack of randomization limit the generalizability of the results. Future research should employ larger, randomized trials to better assess the long-term impact of PA interventions on children's health and fitness outcomes.

Personalized physical activity recommendations for people with axial spondyloarthritis using wearable activity tracker data: an exploratory study

OBJECTIVE

Benefits of physical activity (PA) on sleep in people with axial SpondyloArthritis (axSpA) are largely unknown. Our aim is to explore the relationships between PA and sleep on both a group level and an individual level using Wearable Activity Trackers (WATs) and machine learning.

METHODS

A sample of 64 axSpA participants received a WAT to monitor their PA and sleep. Participants with more than 30 days data of PA and sleep duration were included in the analyses. Spearman's correlation and the machine learning technique Subgroup Discovery were used to determine relationships between PA during the three prior days and light and deep sleep duration.

RESULTS

Number of daily steps (n = 64) was (median (first quartile (Q1) - third quartile (Q3) )) 4026 (1915 - 6549), total sleep (daily light and deep sleep) duration of the participants was 7 h 29 min (6 h 41 min - 8 h 8 min). Nearly 30% (n = 18) of the participants were eligible for inclusion in analyses (> 30 days of data). No significant relationships between prior PA and sleep were obtained on a group level. On an individual level, for 8 of the 18 included participants, significant relationships (p < 0.05) could be identified between PA during the three prior days and daily sleep duration. These significant relationships differed from participant to participant with a varying qualification of PA (number of steps, intensity level PA) and relevant time window (previous one, two or three days).

CONCLUSION

Significant relationships between PA and daily sleep duration could be obtained on an individual level with details of the significant relationships varying between participants.

REGISTRATION NUMBER

Netherlands Trial Register NL8238, included in the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP) ( https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL8238 ).

Association of work ability with job burnout and sleep quality among biosafety laboratory personnel in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study

Background

In recent years, the importance of biosafety research has garnered significant attention due to its critical implications for public health and safety. Biosafety Laboratory (BSL) personnel face numerous challenges as they work with high-risk pathogens, including high-pressure environments, stringent safety protocols, and the risk of infection. Research indicates that occupational stress and burnout significantly affect the physical and mental well-being of laboratory personnel, potentially diminishing their work efficiency and capabilities. This study aims to investigate the effects of occupational burnout and sleep quality on the work ability of BSL personnel in Xinjiang, ultimately providing valuable insights for enhancing biosafety and improving work efficiency.

Methods

In July 2022, a cluster sampling method was employed to survey the staff of BSL in Xinjiang. The study utilized the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Work Ability Index to assess the levels of occupational burnout, sleep quality, and work ability among the BSL personnel. Statistical analyses were performed using R Studio 4.2.2 and AMOS 26.0. Through t-tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analyses, the study explored the current status and influencing factors of work ability among Xinjiang BSL personnel, as well as the interactive and mediating effects of occupational burnout and sleep quality on work ability.

Results

The prevalence of occupational burnout was 67.4%, while the prevalence of sleep disorders was 38.9%. Interaction analysis revealed that BSL personnel experiencing both occupational burnout and sleep disorders faced a risk of impaired work ability 21.43 times greater than those without burnout and with good sleep quality (OR = 21.43, 95%CI: 14.30-32.12). Structural equation modeling indicated that occupational burnout indirectly impacts work ability through its effect on sleep quality. The indirect effect was significant with a path coefficient of β = -0.28 (0.64 × -0.43), p < 0.01.

Conclusion

The overall work ability of staff in BSL in Xinjiang is relatively good. Occupational burnout and sleep quality are significant risk factors affecting the work ability of BSL personnel. Improving occupational burnout and sleep quality can enhance the work ability of BSL personnel both directly and indirectly.

The effect of physical activity on sleep disorders in pregnant people: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND

Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in pregnant people and have been associated with significant complications and morbidities for both pregnant people and their offspring. Despite this, the management of sleep issues during pregnancy remains suboptimal. There is an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches that are safe, feasible, and widely implementable in daily routines. Given the demonstrated positive effects of physical activity (PA) on sleep in non-pregnant populations, PA interventions are a promising option. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between PA interventions and sleep disorders in pregnant people.

METHODS

A systematic search of seven databases was conducted for English and Chinese articles published from inception to January 2024 using MeSH headings and keywords for 'sleep disorder', 'pregnancy', 'physical activity', and 'randomized controlled trial'. Two independent researchers selected studies assessing the effects of PA interventions on sleep disorders in pregnant people compared with a control condition. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias V1.0 tool. A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis, with results reported as standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS

Eighteen studies involving 1,541 pregnant people were included, with 14 studies included in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that PA interventions were associated with a reduction in sleep disorders compared with the control condition (SMD = - 1.48, 95% CI = - 2.06 to - 0.90, P < 0.00001; night sleep MD = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.62, P < 0.00001; proportion of night sleep time MD = 5.65, 95% CI = 4.78 to 6.52, P < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses indicated that intervention characteristics (e.g., less than 8 weeks and more than 60 min at a session, individual or group settings, location, and activity type such as water-based exercise, progressive muscle relaxation, and aerobics) and participant characteristics (with or without complications) influenced the overall treatment effect.

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis demonstrates that PA interventions positively impact sleep disorders in pregnant people, with effects influenced by participant type, duration, delivery method, and activity form. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals and hold significant implications for developing comprehensive, evidence-based guidance.

Self-control moderates the impacts of physical activity on the sleep quality of university students

The study was designed to examine the role of self-control as a moderator in the relationship between physical activity and sleep quality in a sample of 2274 college students. We employed the Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Self-Control Scale to assess the variables. Our analysis revealed a significant correlation between physical activity levels and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (r = - 0.541, p < 0.01). Furthermore, self-control was found to be a significant moderating factor (β = 0.001, p < 0.01), indicating that the effect of physical activity on sleep quality is influenced by an individual's level of self-control. Since higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores indicate poorer sleep quality, the positive impacts of physical activity on sleep quality tended to diminish with increasing self-control levels. Conversely, the positive impacts of physical activity on sleep quality appeared to intensify as self-control levels decreased. Individuals with lower self-control seemed to benefit the most from increased physical activity, whereas those with higher self-control demonstrated superior sleep quality. The findings highlight the significance of fostering self-regulatory abilities alongside engaging in physical activity as a promising approach to improve sleep health in college students.

Assessing Sleep Quality and Influencing Factors Among Medical Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

 Sleep is a biological process that is essential for life. Sleep quality refers to an individual's overall satisfaction with their sleep experience, encompassing factors such as ease of falling asleep, ability to stay asleep, total sleep duration, and the sense of refreshment upon waking. Undergraduate medical students frequently struggle with good-quality sleep. Poor sleep quality negatively impacts academic performance, behavioural issues, emotional issues, bad emotional status, and also increases the risk of alcohol, smoking habits and psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the quality of sleep and to find out its influencing factors among undergraduate medical students.

METHODS

An observational survey was carried out at C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, India between 1st June to 31st August 2024 among undergraduate medical students. Study participants were selected using convenient sampling technique with their consent and the final sample size was 300. Data was collected by a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire comprised of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale, sociodemographic profile and habitual practices of students through a Google form. Data was analysed with the help of SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

RESULTS

The study showed that about 34% of study participants had poor quality of sleep. A statistically significant association was found between quality of sleep and sociodemographic variables like phase of studying for Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) (p=0.004) and Body Mass Index (p=0.04). There was a strong statistical association found between perceived stress during the last month and quality of sleep (p<0.000).

CONCLUSIONS

 Sleep quality was poor in 34.0% of study participants. BMI, phase of studying MBBS, and perceived stress during the last month were major determinants affecting the quality of sleep among medical students. Undergraduate students should adopt stress management techniques and maintain a healthy BMI to improve sleep quality during their MBBS studies.

Sleep deprivation-induced shifts in gut microbiota: Implications for neurological disorders

Sleep deprivation is a prevalent issue in contemporary society, with significant ramifications for both physical and mental well-being. Emerging scientific evidence illuminates its intricate interplay with the gut-brain axis, a vital determinant of neurological function. Disruptions in sleep patterns disturb the delicate equilibrium of the gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis characterized by alterations in microbial composition and function. This dysbiosis contributes to the exacerbation of neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline through multifaceted mechanisms, including heightened neuroinflammation, disturbances in neurotransmitter signalling, and compromised integrity of the gut barrier. In response to these challenges, there is a burgeoning interest in therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring gut microbial balance and alleviating neurological symptoms precipitated by sleep deprivation. Probiotics, dietary modifications, and behavioural strategies represent promising avenues for modulating the gut microbiota and mitigating the adverse effects of sleep disturbances on neurological health. Moreover, the advent of personalized interventions guided by advanced omics technologies holds considerable potential for tailoring treatments to individualized needs and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Interdisciplinary collaboration and concerted research efforts are imperative for elucidating the underlying mechanisms linking sleep, gut microbiota, and neurological function. Longitudinal studies, translational research endeavours, and advancements in technology are pivotal for unravelling the complex interplay between these intricate systems.

Association between physical activity practice and sleep quality of older people in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Guidelines and future studies for the post-COVID period: a systematic review

PURPOSE

Physical activity (PA) is considered an alternative to mitigate the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep of older adults. The objective was to verify the association between physical activity and the sleep quality of older people in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, to analyze the Health Guidelines, and suggest future studies for the post-COVID period.

METHODS

This systematic review followed PRISMA recommendations, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42023406471). The search for articles occurred in April 2024 in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and gray literature. Data were extracted and checked in a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet. The quality assessment was performed using tools from the National Institutes of Health.

RESULTS

In total, 1582 studies were found in the databases, of which nine were included in the analyses. Four studies reported a negative association of reduced levels of PA during the pandemic with sleep quality, while one study showed a positive association of PA with sleep quality. Four studies demonstrated no association.

CONCLUSIONS

PA was associated with the sleep quality of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and reduced levels of PA during this period demonstrated a negative association with sleep quality. Practice of PA is recommended for this post-COVID scenario, as a measure to reduce social isolation and its negative effects and improve the quality of sleep in older adults.

Exploring the impact and mechanisms of behavioral activation on sleep disorders in colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients frequently experience sleep disturbances, significantly impacting their quality of life. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is considered the first-line treatment but is often complex, costly, and requires highly trained therapists. Behavioral activation (BA), derived from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), offers a flexible, simple, and cost-effective alternative. BA highlights the importance of activation, a strategy that encourages active participation in positive, meaningful activities to boost positive experiences and reduce negative emotions, which may have potential benefits for individuals with sleep disorders. This study explores the effects of BA on sleep disturbances, quality of life, and psychological distress in CRC patients and investigates potential underlying mechanisms.

METHODS

The study included 101 CRC patients with sleep disturbances, who were randomly assigned to either the BA group (n = 53) or the usual care (UC) group (n = 48). Assessments of quality of life, sleep disturbances, psychological distress, activation, avoidance, and physical activity levels were conducted at baseline (T0), four weeks later (T1), and post-intervention (T2). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was used to evaluate the intervention's impact and potential mediating effects.

RESULTS

The BA group experienced significant improvements in sleep disturbances (Wald's χ2 = 7.979, P = 0.019), enhanced quality of life (Wald's χ2 = 6.435.P = 0.04), and reduced psychological distress (Wald's χ2 = 56.728, P < 0.001) compared to the UC group. Physical activity (P < 0.001) partially mediated the intervention effects of BA on sleep disturbances, while activation (P = 0.073) demonstrated marginal mediating effects.

CONCLUSION

BA is an effective psychological intervention that significantly improves sleep disturbances, enhances quality of life, and alleviates psychological distress in CRC patients. Mediator analysis indicates that physical activity partially mediates the effects of BA on sleep disturbances, with activation showing marginal significance. Future research should further investigate the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of BA on sleep disturbances.

Unraveling the relationship between sleep behaviors and physical activity in the United States: insights from 2015 to 2020 NHANES data

BACKGROUND

Physical activity is an important component of metabolic health. However, little is known about the impact of specific types/intensities of physical activity on sleep health, especially among ethnically diverse populations. We examined the association of various sleep behaviors with moderate to vigorous work/recreational activity.

METHODS

Self-reported data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2020 were cross-sectionally analyzed for a sample of 11,039 participants in the United States (U.S.). Weighted univariate logistic regressions determined unadjusted associations, while weighted multivariable regression models adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI categories, and socio-economic status assessed the multivariable associations with moderate and vigorous work/recreational activity. Stratified analyses were performed to determine across-group differences by ethnicity and BMI categories.

RESULTS

Of 11,039 adults (mean age 41 years), 50.7% were female, 59.8% were Non-Hispanic White, 17.8% Hispanic/Latino, 12% Non-Hispanic Black, 6.3% Non-Hispanic Asian, and 4.1% other/multiple ethnicities. Moderate work activity increased the odds of short sleep duration [aOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.65], snoring [aOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.73], breath cessation [aOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.59], and daytime sleepiness [aOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.39, 1.91]. Vigorous recreational activity reduced the odds of short sleep duration [aOR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.94] and trouble sleeping [aOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96]. Stratified analyses indicated significant ethnicity-based differences in the odds of sleep behaviors across physical activity groups and increased odds of poor sleep behaviors among participants who were underweight, overweight or had obesity.

CONCLUSION

Work-related activity was significantly associated with suboptimal sleep behaviors while recreational activity was associated with favorable sleep behaviors. These associations were more pronounced among certain ethnic groups. Further longitudinal investigation is needed to examine the mechanism driving the relationship between sleep behaviors and physical activity.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of insomnia among adults attending primary health care settings in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Background

Insomnia patients often visit their primary care physician, but their sleep disorders go undiagnosed and many sufferers do not receive adequate care. This study aims to detect insomnia among adults in Bahrain and its associated risk factors in order to provide a better quality of sleep for these individuals.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary health care center with 400 adult participants in Bahrain. The study participants completed a self-administered questionnaire containing two parts: a structured part for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and the AIS.

Results

Among the participants, 59% had insomnia. The highest prevalence was among students (80%) (P < 0.001). Regarding risk factors, insomnia was more prevalent in females (64.5%) (P = 0.017), unmarried (66.9%) (P = 0.037), and those who practiced physical activity less than 30 minutes per day (53.9%) (P = 0.032).

Conclusion

Insomnia is a prevalent problem among primary healthcare attendees that needs special attention. It is mostly associated, according to this study, with young age < 30 years, female sex, being a student, and physical inactivity.

The Effect of Physical Exercise on Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a noticeable decline in cognitive abilities that is not severe enough to significantly interfere with daily life or independent functioning. Recent research highlights the important role of exercise in managing and improving cognitive function in patients with MCI. This scoping review examines the benefits of different forms of exercise in improving cognitive function. Recommendations for exercise, including frequency, consistency, and individualized programs, are discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the importance of safety and regular monitoring. The integration of physical and cognitive training is also suggested to maximize benefits. Regular physical exercise is a promising intervention for mitigating cognitive decline and improving the overall quality of life in patients with MCI.

Mood, Quality of Life, and Immune Fitness During the COVID-19 Pandemic of Young Adults in Germany

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected young adults' lives globally, including those in Germany. This study investigated mental health and quality of life during the pandemic, with a particular focus on mood. Immune fitness, the body's capacity to respond to health challenges (such as infections) by activating an appropriate immune response, was assessed as a physical health indicator. Methods: Data were collected from 317 participants, aged 18 to 35, via an online survey conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Participants included 103 men (32.5%) and 214 women (67.5%), with a mean age of 25.5 years (SD = 4.1). Results: Compared to pre-pandemic levels, significant declines in mood, quality of life, immune fitness, and sleep quality were observed during the lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.0125). The most pronounced effects were observed during the second lockdown, with declines extending into the second no-lockdown period for fatigue, depression, happiness, optimism, and immune fitness (p < 0.0125). Significant sex differences were found for the magnitude of mood effects (anxiety, depression, stress). No significant differences were found according to age or occupational status (student vs. work). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown periods had a significant negative effect on the mood, immune fitness, and well-being of young adults living in Germany.

The chain mediating effect of psychological inflexibility and stress between physical exercise and adolescent insomnia

Exploring the impact of physical exercise on adolescent insomnia and the chained mediating role of psychological inflexibility and stress between them. In September 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 416 adolescents in Xiangxi Prefecture, collecting data on physical activity, insomnia, psychological inflexibility, stress, and related variables. Statistical analysis was performed, involving 215 boys and 201 girls with an average age of 15.37 ± 0.54 years. (1) Adolescent physical exercise showed significant negative correlations with stress (r =-0.329, P < 0.01), Psychological inflexibility (r =-0.251, P < 0.01), and insomnia (r =-0.286, P < 0.01). Stress exhibited significant positive correlations with Psychological inflexibility (r = 0.746, P < 0.01) and insomnia (r = 0.601, P < 0.01). Psychological inflexibility also demonstrated a significant positive correlation with insomnia (r = 0.555, P < 0.01). (2) Psychological inflexibility and stress were found to mediate the relationship between physical exercise and adolescent insomnia. This study found that the relationship between physical exercise and adolescent insomnia can be mediated by psychological inflexibility and stress, thereby further enriching the understanding of the psychological mechanisms linking these variables. It is recommended that governments and schools implement corresponding measures to promote adolescent participation in physical exercise. These initiatives can help reduce adolescents' levels of Psychological Inflexibility, alleviate stress and insomnia issues, and simultaneously enhance their sleep quality, thereby promoting comprehensive development of their physical and mental health.

Impact of Replacing Sedentary Behavior with Physical Activity and Sleep on Stroke Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective

Our research explores how leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) correlates with stroke risk. Additionally, we utilize the isotemporal substitution model (ISM) to examine how replacing brief durations of leisure-time SB with light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and sleep might influence the risk of stroke.

Methods

This investigation tracked 478,198 participants from the UK Biobank. Data regarding individual leisure-time SB and PA were collected through a standardized questionnaire. A Cox proportional hazards model, alongside an isotemporal substitution model (ISM), was utilized.

Results

We identified 10,003 cases of incident stroke over 12.7 years. When compared to participants who engaged in leisure-time SB for less than 4 hours per day, the hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke incidence increased with more prolonged leisure-time SB: HRs were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.11) for 4-6 h/d, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.23) for 6-8 h/d, and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.33) for over 8 h/d. According to the ISM analysis, substituting leisure-time SB with various forms of PA could markedly reduce stroke risk. For individuals sleeping ≤8h/d, replacing one hour of leisure-time SB with an equivalent duration of LPA, VPA, or sleep corresponded to a 3.0%, 7.0%, and 22.0% decrease in stroke risk, respectively. Meanwhile, for those already sleeping more than 8h/d, substituting one hour of leisure-time SB with an equivalent duration of LPA or VPA resulted in a notable decrease in the risk of stroke by 6.0% and 18.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that leisure-time SB and unhealthy sleep durations are confirmed risk factors for stroke. For individuals sleeping 8 hours or less per day, and for those who sleep more than 8 hours, substituting SB with an adequate amount of sleep or engaging in VPA, respectively, emerges as an effective strategy for reducing stroke risk.

Enhancing Spinal Cord Injury Care: Using Wearable Technologies for Physical Activity, Sleep, and Cardiovascular Health

Wearable devices have the potential to advance health care by enabling real-time monitoring of biobehavioral data and facilitating the management of an individual's health conditions. Individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI) have impaired motor function, which results in deconditioning and worsening cardiovascular health outcomes. Wearable devices may promote physical activity and allow the monitoring of secondary complications associated with SCI, potentially improving motor function, sleep, and cardiovascular health. However, several challenges remain to optimize the application of wearable technologies within this population. One is striking a balance between research-grade and consumer-grade devices in terms of cost, accessibility, and validity. Additionally, limited literature supports the validity and use of wearable technology in monitoring cardio-autonomic and sleep outcomes for individuals with SCI. Future directions include conducting performance evaluations of wearable devices to precisely capture the additional variation in movement and physiological parameters seen in those with SCI. Moreover, efforts to make the devices small, lightweight, and inexpensive for consumer ease of use may affect those with severe motor impairments. Overcoming these challenges holds the potential for wearable devices to help individuals living with SCI receive timely feedback to manage their health conditions and help clinicians gather comprehensive patient health information to aid in diagnosis and treatment.

The Influence of Competitive Level on Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Adolescent Soccer Players

Introduction Soccer is one of the most popular sports worldwide and is a leading physical activity choice among adolescents. This study aims to investigate how the competitive level of adolescent soccer players impacts their sleep quality and quality of life. Methods  A total of 5,692 adolescents aged 11 to 19 years were classified based on their physical activity levels and competitive engagement. Participants were categorized as inactive, non-competitive athletes, or soccer players competing at local, regional, or national levels. An anonymous online questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity level, competition level, sleep quality, and quality of life. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The Chi-square (χ²) test was employed to examine frequency distributions. Comparisons based on competitive level were performed using Generalized Linear Models, adjusting for age, BMI, municipality size, and economic level. When significant differences were identified, post hoc analyses were conducted with a Bonferroni adjustment.  Results Girls reported lower sleep quality and quality of life compared to boys. Soccer players exhibited better sleep quality and life satisfaction than inactive individuals and non-competitive athletes, independent of competitive level (p > 0.05 Bonferroni pairwise comparison). Among boys, regional-level soccer players showed the highest sleep quality and quality of life. For girls, national-level soccer players reported the best outcomes in both parameters. Conclusion Adolescent soccer players, regardless of their competitive level, demonstrate better sleep quality and quality of life than inactive individuals or non-competitive athletes. In general, higher levels of competition correlate with improved sleep quality and quality of life, particularly among female athletes.

The Relationship between Sleep and Physical Activity by Age, Race, and Gender

Cardiometabolic diseases remain the leading cause of death in the United States. Lifestyle factors contribute the majority of risk for these diseases. Although diet and exercise have been the primary focus of research on modifiable behaviors to target for interventions to prevent cardiometabolic disease, recent evidence suggests that sleep also plays an important role. Indeed, the updated American Heart Association campaign includes sleep as one of its "Essential Eight". This review details the reciprocally reinforcing positive relationship between sleep and daytime physical activity behaviors and explores how this relationship differs based on age, gender and race. For example, interventions to improve moderate intensity physical activity may be particularly beneficial to women, older adults, and Black Americans, who are at increased risk for sleep disturbances. Communicating to Americans the importance of managing their time to meet current physical activity and sleep recommendations is a challenge given that there are so many competing behaviors consuming large amounts of time (e.g., social media, gaming), but is critical given the importance of these behaviors for cardiometabolic health.

Safflower Improves Memory, Learning, and Behavior in Rats Subjected to Sleep Deprivation

BACKGROUND

Sleep is a physiological process that provides the body with a window for recovery and restoration. Intriguingly, even short-term sleep deprivation can impair brain memory, emotional capacity, information processing, and attention. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has been shown to attenuate memory loss and improve anxiety and depression.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to study the possible therapeutic effect of safflower on sleep deprivation-dependent effects on memory and behavior.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty young male Wistar albino rats were acclimatized, trained, and then assigned to three random groups: control (C), sleep-deprived (SD), and sleep-deprived Safflower-treated (SD+Sf) groups. Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) tests were used to study spatial memory and learning and anxiety-related behavior, respectively, in the study groups.

RESULTS

There was a significant deterioration in learning and memory, as tested by the MWM in the SD group, compared to the C group. This included prolonged test duration, reduced average speed, and longer travel distance. Treatment with safflower significantly improved MWM test performance in the SD+Sf group when compared to the SD group. When compared to the C group, rats in the SD group demonstrated altered EPM test parameters suggestive of anxiety-like behavior. These included spending more time in the closed arms, spending less time in the open arms, and having fewer entries in the open arms. Rats in the SD+Sf group showed improved EPM test parameters when compared to the SD group.

CONCLUSION

Safflower significantly ameliorated sleep deprivation induced by memory loss and altered behavior. Safflower supplementation may provide potential memory-enhancing and preserving, anxiolytic, and antidepressant therapeutic roles.

Effects of Dance-Based Aerobic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

(1) Background: Mild cognitive impairment in older adults is a condition characterized by a decrease in mental abilities that affects their quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an aerobic training program based on dance on depression, sleep quality, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. (2) Methods: This study employed a randomized controlled trial design with a total of 92 older adults with cognitive impairment, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 47) undergoing dance-based aerobic training and a control group (n = 45) who did not receive any intervention. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, sleep quality through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire. (3) Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in depression (t(46) = 4.783, p = 0.000) and in the PSQI domains: subjective sleep quality (t(46) = 3.333, p = 0.002, and Cohen's d = 0.35), sleep duration (t(46) = 5.511, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.73) and PSQI total score (t(46) = 2.116, p = 0.040, and Cohen's d = 0.20). Regarding quality of life, improvements were observed in all domains of the questionnaire: the general health (t(46) = -9.374, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.03), physical function (t(46) = -9.374, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.03), the physical role (t(46) = -5.954, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.06), the emotional role (t(46) = -6.200, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.80), social function (t(46) = -5.585, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.53), physical pain, (t(46) = -9.224, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.04), vitality (t(46) = 2.289, p = 0.027, and Cohen's d = 1.27), mental health, (t(46) = -7.985, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.33), the physical summary component, (t(46) = -13.532, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.81), and in the mental summary component (t(46) = -10.6 81, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.06); (4) Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that they suggest that a dance-based aerobic training program improves mental health and quality of life in older people with mild cognitive impairment, providing a non-pharmacological approach to improve general well-being in this population.

Effects of three-duration Tai-Chi exercises on depression and sleep quality in older women

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the effects of 24 weeks of three-duration Tai-Chi (TC) practice on depression and sleep quality in older women.

METHODS

A total of 124 older women were randomly divided into four groups: short-time group (SG, n = 31, mean age: 65.3), medium-time group (MG, n = 30, mean age: 65.7), long-time group (LG, n = 32, mean age: 64.9) and control group (CG, n = 31, mean age: 66.2). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured.

RESULTS

1) Within-group comparisons: Compared with the baseline, the 12th and 24th weeks showed reductions in TNF-α and IL-6 levels and increase in 5-HT level in the SG, MG and LG (p < 0.05). The LG at the 24th week had reduced BDI and PSQI scores (p < 0.05). Compared with the 12th week, the 24th week showed reductions in TNF-α and IL-6 levels (p < 0.01) and increase in 5-HT level (p < 0.05) in the SG, MG, and LG. 2) Between-group comparisons: The SG, MG, and LG had lower TNF-α and IL-6 levels and higher 5-HT level than the CG at 12th and 24th weeks (p < 0.05). At the 24th week, the LG had lower BDI and PSQI scores than the CG and lower TNF-α level than the SG and MG (p < 0.05). The MG had lower TNF-α levels than the SG in the 24th week (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that older individuals may undertake at least 12 weeks of TC exercise with a duration of 60 min per session to significantly improve depressive mood and sleep quality.

Factors Associated With the Use of Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids Among Jazan University Students

BACKGROUND

Sleep aids, classified by their mechanisms of action, can promote sleep but may be misused, leading to harm. Exercise and pharmacological interventions like antihistamines, melatonin, and benzodiazepines also help manage sleep disorders. In Saudi Arabia, sleep disorders are prevalent, especially among university students.

OBJECTIVES

Our study examines the prevalence and usage of the medication containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride, among Jazan University students, aiming to inform better practices and highlight related risks and benefits.

METHODS

A cross-sectional design study was conducted among Jazan University students in Saudi Arabia. The sampling of data utilized random selection. Data was cleaned in Excel and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29 (Released 2023; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States).

RESULTS

Our study comprised 437 participants from Jazan University aged 18-25 years. The majority reported earning less than 5000 SAR monthly and were unmarried (91.8%). Remarkably, 13.7% of participants were diagnosed with insomnia. Sleep aid containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride, utilized for mild to moderate pain relief and sleep induction, was the most prevalent medication, with 56.3% of participants having used it and 9.4% using it continuously for over 10 nights. Significant predictors for usage of sleep aids containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride included gender (p=0.041), with male students exhibiting higher usage rates, and college type (p<0.001), particularly medical students. Multivariate analysis confirmed male gender and enrollment in medical colleges as robust predictors. Age, income, marital status, and employment variables showed no significant associations.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study highlights a considerable prevalence of sleep aids containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride usage among Jazan University students, notably influenced by gender and college type. Male gender and enrollment in medical colleges emerged as significant predictors of their usage.

How Do Exercise, Sleep and Depression Affect Disease Scores and Quality of Life in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients?

Purpose

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) has many effects such as fatigue, pain, physical activity limitation and sleep disturbance, which limit patient's daily and social lives. The aim of our study was to assess fatigue, depression, physical activity status and quality of life in patients with PSS, and to determine the relationship between these data and disease-related parameters.

Patients and Methods

This study was conducted with 117 primary Sjögren's syndrome patients. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, disease activity (ESSDAI), quality of life scale (SF36), depression (Beck Depression Scale), physical activity status (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ) score) and sleep status (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale) of PSS patients were evaluated and relationships have been examined.

Results

According to the results of our study, we found that sleep disorders are common in PSS patients (74.4%). Overweight patients, particularly higher lean mass sleep better (r:-0.201, p:0.043). Poor sleep causes fatigue (p=0.062) and depression (p=0.030). Sleep disturbance could not be explained by depressive state alone. However, after controlling for depression, the effect of sleep on fatigue seriously decreases (p=0.311). Exercise did not improve sleep quality (p=0.35) and the rate of poor sleep was higher among who exercised (p=0.192).

Conclusion

Based on the results of our study, we believe that, treating depression in PSS patients is crucial for reducing fatigue. Patients need education on performing the correct exercises and weight gain should done in a professional manner. Gaining a deeper understanding of the multisystem involvement of the disease and the impact of exercise on the disease, will have positive effects on patient care and treatment decisions.

A school-based physical activity intervention in primary school: effects on physical activity, sleep, aerobic fitness, and motor competence

Objective

The "Super Quinas" project evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve physical activity, aerobic fitness, sleep, and motor competence on children in primary school.

Methods

The experimental group (n = 19) enrolled in a 12-week intervention program (one more extra-curricular activity class of 60 min per week) compared to the CG (n = 19), all aged 9-10 years. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were measured by accelerometry, and aerobic fitness was measured by Children's Yo-Yo test (YYIR1C) during the 1st week (PRE), the 6th week (DUR), and the 12th week (POST) of the intervention program. Motor Competence in PRE and POST intervention was also assessed by the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument. Heart rate (HR, assessed using HR monitors), and enjoyment level were recorded during all intervention program classes. A linear mixed model analysis (i.e., within-subject analyses) was performed.

Results

Comparing the EG and CG in DUR and POST, the EG spent ~18 min and ~ 34 min more time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day (p < 0.001); had ~44 min and ~ 203 min less sedentary time per day (p < 0.001); performed more 44 and 128 m in the Children's Yo-Yo test compared to CG (p < 0.001) and slept more 17 and 114 min per night (p < 0.001). In POST motor competence was significantly better (27%) in the EG compared to CG (p < 0.001). The %HRmax during the extra-curricular classes ranged between 65 and 81% (i.e., light to moderate intensities), and the enjoyment between fun and great fun.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that adding one more extra-curricular activity class of 60 min per week for 12 weeks effectively increased the levels of physical activity, aerobic fitness, sleep duration, and motor competence in children aged 9-10 years.