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Janivara R, Hazra U, Pfennig A, Harlemon M, Kim MS, Eaaswarkhanth M, Chen WC, Ogunbiyi A, Kachambwa P, Petersen LN, Jalloh M, Mensah JE, Adjei AA, Adusei B, Joffe M, Gueye SM, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Fernandez PW, Rohan TE, Andrews C, Rebbeck TR, Adebiyi AO, Agalliu I, Lachance J. Uncovering the genetic architecture and evolutionary roots of androgenetic alopecia in African men. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.12.575396. [PMID: 38293167 PMCID: PMC10827056 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a highly heritable trait. However, much of our understanding about the genetics of male pattern baldness comes from individuals of European descent. Here, we examined a novel dataset comprising 2,136 men from Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa that were genotyped using a custom array. We first tested how genetic predictions of baldness generalize from Europe to Africa, finding that polygenic scores from European GWAS yielded AUC statistics that ranged from 0.513 to 0.546, indicating that genetic predictions of baldness in African populations performed notably worse than in European populations. Subsequently, we conducted the first African GWAS of androgenetic alopecia, focusing on self-reported baldness patterns at age 45. After correcting for present age, population structure, and study site, we identified 266 moderately significant associations, 51 of which were independent (p-value < 10-5, r2 < 0.2). Most baldness associations were autosomal, and the X chromosomes does not appear to have a large impact on baldness in African men. Finally, we examined the evolutionary causes of continental differences in genetic architecture. Although Neanderthal alleles have previously been associated with skin and hair phenotypes, we did not find evidence that European-ascertained baldness hits were enriched for signatures of ancient introgression. Most loci that are associated with androgenetic alopecia are evolving neutrally. However, multiple baldness-associated SNPs near the EDA2R and AR genes have large allele frequency differences between continents. Collectively, our findings illustrate how evolutionary history contributes to the limited portability of genetic predictions across ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Janivara
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ujani Hazra
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aaron Pfennig
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maxine Harlemon
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle S Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Wenlong C Chen
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Cancer Registry, National Institute for Communicable Diseases a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Paidamoyo Kachambwa
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mediclinic Precise Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindsay N Petersen
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mediclinic Precise Southern Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Jalloh
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès, Thiès, Senegal
| | - James E Mensah
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Maureen Joffe
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Pedro W Fernandez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is the most common form of primary scarring alopecia diagnosed in women of African descent. Although the etiology was originally attributed exclusively to hairstyling practices common among women of African descent, more recent research on CCCA supports the concept that there are several contributing factors, including variants in gene expression, hair grooming practices that increase fragility on the hair follicle, and associations with other systemic conditions. Treatment of CCCA involves a combination of patient counseling and education on alternative hairstyles, medical therapies, and procedural methods when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Lawson
- Dermatology Associates of Lancaster, 1650 Crooked Oak Drive, Suite 200, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA.
| | - Awa Bakayoko
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Valerie D Callender
- Callender Dermatology and Cosmetic Center, 12200 Annapolis Road, Suite 315, Glenn Dale, MD 20769, USA
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Veerabagu SA, Lauth MJ, Obayomi A, Correa M, Murina AT. Hair stylists as screeners for scarring hair loss within the African American community: a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:769-770. [PMID: 33459357 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Veerabagu
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M J Lauth
- Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Obayomi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Correa
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A T Murina
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Abstract
Few studies have examined the clinical epidemiology of alopecia areata (AA) in regard to patient race, and therefore, any disparities in incidence or prevalence of disease are largely unexplored. We sought to investigate potential racial disparities amongst two large cohorts of women. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), wherein participants self-reported a diagnosis of AA. We determined odds ratios for AA by race in a multivariate analysis. Among 63,960 women from NHS and 88,368 women from NHSII with information on race and diagnosis of AA, we identified 418 and 738 cases of AA, respectively. In NHS, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for AA was 2.72 (95% confidence interval 1.61-4.61) amongst black women as compared with white women. In NHSII, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio was 5.48 (95% confidence interval 4.10-7.32) amongst black as compared with white women. In a secondary analysis designating participants by Hispanic ethnicity, in NHSII the multivariate odds ratio was 1.94 (95% CI 1.24-3.02) in Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic white women. In this study, we found increased odds of AA based on self-reported race in black and Hispanic women as compared with white women. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of this racial disparity related to AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Thompson
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Min Kyung Park
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Bolduc C, Sperling LC, Shapiro J. Primary cicatricial alopecia: Other lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias and neutrophilic and mixed primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:1101-1117. [PMID: 27846945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary cicatricial alopecias can be frustrating for both patients and physicians. Proper diagnosis guides more successful management of these challenging conditions. Part II will cover the remaining lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias, which include pseudopelade of Brocq, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, alopecia mucinosa, and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans. It will also discuss the neutrophilic and mixed primary cicatricial alopecias, namely folliculitis decalvans, dissecting cellulitis, folliculitis keloidalis, folliculitis (acne) necrotica, and erosive pustular dermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Bolduc
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Leonard C Sperling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- Department of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, New York
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Lawson CN, Hollinger J, Sethi S, Rodney I, Sarkar R, Dlova N, Callender VD. Updates in the understanding and treatments of skin & hair disorders in women of color. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3:S21-37. [PMID: 28492036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin of color comprises a diverse and expanding population of individuals. In particular, women of color represent an increasing subset of patients who frequently seek dermatologic care. Acne, melasma, and alopecia are among the most common skin disorders seen in this patient population. Understanding the differences in the basic science of skin and hair is imperative in addressing their unique needs. Despite the paucity of conclusive data on racial and ethnic differences in skin of color, certain biologic differences do exist, which affect the disease presentations of several cutaneous disorders in pigmented skin. While the overall pathogenesis and treatments for acne in women of color are similar to Caucasian men and women, individuals with darker skin types present more frequently with dyschromias from acne, which can be difficult to manage. Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder seen commonly in women with darker skin types and is strongly associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic factors, and hormonal influences. Lastly, certain hair care practices and hairstyles are unique among women of African descent, which may contribute to specific types of hair loss seen in this population, such as traction alopecia, trichorrhexis nodosa and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA).
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Tanus A, Oliveira CCC, Villarreal DJV, Sanchez FAV, Dias MFRG. Black women's hair: the main scalp dermatoses and aesthetic practices in women of African ethnicity. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 90:450-65. [PMID: 26375213 PMCID: PMC4560533 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Afro-ethnic hair is different from Caucasian and Asian hair and has unique features. Ethnic hair is more prone to certain conditions or diseases. Such diseases are not only related to the fragile inner structure of the hair, but also to the cultural habits of hairstyles that often exert traction forces upon the pilosebaceous follicle. Women with African hair subject their hair to chemical treatments such as hair straightening and relaxing, and thus modify the structure of their hair shaft, making it more susceptible to damage. For this reason, hair complaints are common among black women and represent a diagnostic challenge to the dermatologist, requiring a thorough clinical examination of the hair and scalp, and a detailed medical history of the patient. The purpose of this review is to warn of the potential side effects and sequelae related to hairstyles and hair treatments used by black women, and to highlight the major diseases that affect this ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Tanus
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Camila Caberlon Cruz Oliveira
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Andres Vargas Sanchez
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias
- Instituto de Dermatologia Prof. Rubem David Azulay - Santa
Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Rio de Janeiro
(RJ), Brazil
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Lawson CN, Hollinger J, Sethi S, Rodney I, Sarkar R, Dlova N, Callender VD. Updates in the understanding and treatments of skin & hair disorders in women of color. Int J Womens Dermatol 2015; 1:59-75. [PMID: 28491960 PMCID: PMC5418751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin of color comprises a diverse and expanding population of individuals. In particular, women of color represent an increasing subset of patients who frequently seek dermatologic care. Acne, melasma, and alopecia are among the most common skin disorders seen in this patient population. Understanding the differences in the basic science of skin and hair is imperative in addressing their unique needs. Despite the paucity of conclusive data on racial and ethnic differences in skin of color, certain biologic differences do exist, which affect the disease presentations of several cutaneous disorders in pigmented skin. While the overall pathogenesis and treatments for acne in women of color are similar to Caucasian men and women, individuals with darker skin types present more frequently with dyschromias from acne, which can be difficult to manage. Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder seen commonly in women with darker skin types and is strongly associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic factors, and hormonal influences. Lastly, certain hair care practices and hairstyles are unique among women of African descent, which may contribute to specific types of hair loss seen in this population, such as traction alopecia, trichorrhexis nodosa and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Lawson
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Callender Dermatology & Cosmetic Center, Glenn Dale, Maryland
| | - Jasmine Hollinger
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sumit Sethi
- Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Ife Rodney
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rashmi Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Ncoza Dlova
- Department of Dermatology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Valerie D Callender
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Callender Dermatology & Cosmetic Center, Glenn Dale, Maryland
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Callender VD, Lawson CN, Onwudiwe OC. Hair transplantation in the surgical treatment of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2014; 40:1125-31. [PMID: 25207763 DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a progressive primary scarring alopecia that occurs mainly on the vertex of the scalp and expands centrifugally. To date, there is a paucity of published prospective studies reporting successful surgical therapy for CCCA. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of hair transplantation using the round (punch) grafting technique in African American women with CCCA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe 2 African American female patients with CCCA who had endured nearly 5 to 6 years of progressive hair loss on the crown of the scalp. After a scalp biopsy and hair transplant test session, both patients underwent hair transplantation with the use of round grafts. Digital photographs were obtained before and after hair transplantation to determine the hair growth success and response rates. RESULTS Hair growth was visibly observed at the recipient sites in both patients beginning between 4 to 5 months post-test session. No postoperative scarring in the recipient or donor areas of the scalp were noted in either patient. CONCLUSION Hair transplantation is a safe well-tolerated procedure to improve hair loss in African American women with end-stage CCCA who histologically display a lack of inflammation on scalp biopsy.
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Miteva M, Tosti A. Dermatoscopic features of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dlova NC, Jordaan FH, Sarig O, Sprecher E. Autosomal dominant inheritance of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in black South Africans. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 70:679-682.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Couppié P. [What's new in clinical dermatology?]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 138 Suppl 4:S223-32. [PMID: 22202643 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(11)70095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This year more than 3000 medical articles referenced in PubMed concerned dermatology. Our critical analysis covers different fields of dermatology: including epidemiology, clinical, diagnostic and prognostic factors. AIDS is 30 years old and the national HIV/AIDS plan for 2010-2014 recommends generalized screening facilitated by the introduction of rapid tests for diagnostic orientation. In infectious diseases, novelties concern polyomavirus, HTLV-1, leprosy, staphylococcus infections, resistance to antibiotics and scabies. Diseases of the scalp consecutive to practices of black women hairstyles were the subject of important articles. There were two important developments in acne: first, a simplified and more operational classification, secondly a suicidal risk associated with severe forms. Lymphocyte Th-17 immunity is involved in clinical phenomena either by excess (genetic or drug) or default (genetic causes). Allergology: in several studies, false negative patch tests have been published. The natural history of nevi is specified by three important articles. Serological tests to practice in cases of dermatomyositis and bullous pemphigoid are specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Couppié
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée-Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane Française, France.
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