1
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Kang H, Oh D, Jeon N, Kim J, Kim H, Badloe T, Rho J. Tailoring high-refractive-index nanocomposites for manufacturing of ultraviolet metasurfaces. Microsyst Nanoeng 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38654843 PMCID: PMC11035676 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has been utilized to address the manufacturing challenges of high cost and low throughput for optical metasurfaces. To overcome the limitations inherent in conventional imprint resins characterized by a low refractive index (n), high-n nanocomposites have been introduced to directly serve as meta-atoms. However, comprehensive research on these nanocomposites is notably lacking. In this study, we focus on the composition of high-n zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticle (NP) concentration and solvents used to produce ultraviolet (UV) metaholograms and quantify the transfer fidelity by the measured conversion efficiency. The utilization of 80 wt% ZrO2 NPs in MIBK, MEK, and acetone results in conversion efficiencies of 62.3%, 51.4%, and 61.5%, respectively, at a wavelength of 325 nm. The analysis of the solvent composition and NP concentration can further enhance the manufacturing capabilities of high-n nanocomposites in NIL, enabling potential practical use of optical metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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2
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Luo X, Li J, Huang G, Xie F, He Z, Zeng X, Tian H, Liu Y, Fu W, Yang X. Metal-Graphene Hybrid Terahertz Metasurfaces for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection Based on Dual Signal Amplification. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38602840 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has impressive capability for label-free biosensing, but its utility in clinical laboratories is rarely reported due to often unsatisfactory detection performances. Here, we fabricated metal-graphene hybrid THz metasurfaces (MSs) for the sensitive and enzyme-free detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in pancreatic cancer plasma samples. The feasibility and mechanism of the enhanced effects of a graphene bridge across the MS and amplified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The AuNPs serve to boost charge injection in the graphene film and result in producing a remarkable change in the graded transmissivity index to THz radiation of the MS resonators. Assay design utilizes this feature and a cascade hybridization chain reaction initiated on magnetic beads in the presence of target ctDNA to achieve dual signal amplification (chemical and optical). In addition to demonstrating subfemtomolar detection sensitivity and single-nucleotide mismatch selectivity, the proposed method showed remarkable capability to discriminate between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals by recognizing and quantifying targeted ctDNAs. The introduction of graphene to the metasurface produces an improved sensitivity of 2 orders of magnitude for ctDNA detection. This is the first study to report the combined application of graphene and AuNPs in biosensing by THz spectroscopic resonators and provides a combined identification scheme to detect and discriminate different biological analytes, including nucleic acids, proteins, and various biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Li
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guorong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengxin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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3
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Gao X, Cao K, Yang J, Liu L, Gao L. Recent advances in nanotechnology for programmed death ligand 1-targeted cancer theranostics. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3191-3208. [PMID: 38497358 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has provided a unique and potent weapon against cancer in clinical practice. The likelihood of achieving beneficial effects from PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is clinically assessed by detecting PD-L1 expression through invasive tissue biopsies. However, PD-L1 expression is susceptible to tumor heterogeneity and dynamic response to ICB therapy. Moreover, currently, anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy still faces challenges of the low targeting efficiency of antibody drugs and the risk of immune-associated adverse events. To overcome these issues, advanced nanotechnology has been developed for the purpose of quantitative, non-invasive, and dynamic analyses of PD-L1, and to enhance the efficiency of ICB therapy. In this review, we first introduce the nanoprobe-assisted in vitro/in vivo modalities for the selective and sensitive analysis of PD-L1 during the diagnostic and therapeutic process. On the other hand, the feasibility of fabricating diverse functional nanocarriers as smart delivery systems for precisely targeted delivery of PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors and combined therapies is highlighted. Finally, the current challenges are discussed and future perspectives for PD-L1-targeted cancer theranostics in preclinical research and clinical settings are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Kai Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Jingru Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Linhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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4
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Lee H, Im S, Lee C, Lee H, Chu SW, Ho AHP, Kim D. Probing Temperature-Induced Plasmonic Nonlinearity: Unveiling Opto-Thermal Effects on Light Absorption and Near-Field Enhancement. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3598-3605. [PMID: 38407029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Precise measurement and control of local heating in plasmonic nanostructures are vital for diverse nanophotonic devices. Despite significant efforts, challenges in understanding temperature-induced plasmonic nonlinearity persist, particularly in light absorption and near-field enhancement due to the absence of suitable measurement techniques. This study presents an approach allowing simultaneous measurements of light absorption and near-field enhancement through angle-resolved near-field scanning optical microscopy with iterative opto-thermal analysis. We revealed gold thin films exhibit sublinear nonlinearity in near-field enhancement due to nonlinear opto-thermal effects, while light absorption shows both sublinear and superlinear behaviors at varying thicknesses. These observations align with predictions from a simple harmonic oscillation model, in which changes in damping parameters affect light absorption and field enhancement differently. The sensitivity of our method was experimentally examined by measuring the opto-thermal responses of three-dimensional nanostructure arrays. Our findings have direct implications for advancing plasmonic applications, including photocatalysis, photovoltaics, photothermal effects, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongki Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 03722
| | - Seongmin Im
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 03722
| | - Changhun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 03722
| | - Hyunwoong Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 03722
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics National, Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
- Brain Research Center National, Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - Aaron Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Donghyun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 03722
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Huang C, Liang L, Chang P, Yao H, Yan X, Zhang Y, Xie Y. Terahertz Liquid Biosensor Based on A Graphene Metasurface for Ultrasensitive Detection with A Quasi-Bound State in the Continuum. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310493. [PMID: 38033193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a quasi-bound state in a continuum (QBIC) has garnered significant attention in various fields such as sensing, communication, and optical switching. Within metasurfaces, QBICs offer a reliable platform that enables sensing capabilities through potent interactions between local electric fields and matter. Herein, a novel terahertz (THz) biosensor based on the integration of QBIC with graphene is reported, which enables multidimensional detection. The proposed biosensor is distinctive because of its ability to discern concentrations of ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone in a wide range from 100% to 0%, by monitoring the changes in the resonance intensity and maximum wavelet coefficient. This approach demonstrates an excellent linear fit, which ensures robust quantitative analysis. The remarkable sensitivity of our biosensor enables it to detect minute changes in low-concentration solutions, with the lowest detection concentration value (LDCV) of 0.21 pg mL-1 . 2D wavelet coefficient intensity cards are effectively constructed through continuous wavelet transforms, which presents a more accurate approach for determining the concentration of the solution. Ultimately, the novel sensing platform offers a host of advantages, including heightened sensitivity and reusability. This pioneering approach establishes a new avenue for liquid-based terahertz biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Zhu S, Jaffiol R, Crunteanu A, Vézy C, Chan ST, Yuan W, Ho HP, Zeng S. Label-free biosensing with singular-phase-enhanced lateral position shift based on atomically thin plasmonic nanomaterials. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:2. [PMID: 38161210 PMCID: PMC10757996 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rapid plasmonic biosensing has attracted wide attention in early disease diagnosis and molecular biology research. However, it was still challenging for conventional angle-interrogating plasmonic sensors to obtain higher sensitivity without secondary amplifying labels such as plasmonic nanoparticles. To address this issue, we developed a plasmonic biosensor based on the enhanced lateral position shift by phase singularity. Such singularity presents as a sudden phase retardation at the dark point of reflection from resonating plasmonic substrate, leading to a giant position shift on reflected beam. Herein, for the first time, the atomically thin layer of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) on silver nanofilm was demonstrated as a novel phase-response-enhancing plasmonic material. The GST layer was not only precisely engineered to singularize phase change but also served as a protective layer for active silver nanofilm. This new configuration has achieved a record-breaking largest position shift of 439.3 μm measured in calibration experiments with an ultra-high sensitivity of 1.72 × 108 nm RIU-1 (refractive index unit). The detection limit was determined to be 6.97 × 10-7 RIU with a 0.12 μm position resolution. Besides, a large figure of merit (FOM) of 4.54 × 1011 μm (RIU∙°)-1 was evaluated for such position shift interrogation, enabling the labelfree detection of trace amounts of biomolecules. In targeted biosensing experiments, the optimized sensor has successfully detected small cytokine biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-6) with the lowest concentration of 1 × 10-16 M. These two molecules are the key proinflammatory cancer markers in clinical diagnosis, which cannot be directly screened by current clinical techniques. To further validate the selectivity of our sensing systems, we also measured the affinity of integrin binding to arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide (a key protein interaction in cell adhesion) with different Mn2+ ion concentrations, ranging from 1 nM to 1 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodi Zhu
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodolphe Jaffiol
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
| | - Aurelian Crunteanu
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges, France
| | - Cyrille Vézy
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
| | - Sik-To Chan
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France.
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7
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Yuan X, Wu L, Qin Y. Advancing Sensitivity in Guided-Wave Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor through Integration of 2D BlueP/MoS 2 Hybrid Layers. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 38248402 PMCID: PMC10813102 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal, generated from the Kretschmann configuration, has been developed as an effective detection technology in chemical and biological sensors. The sensitivity of SPR signals to changes in the surrounding media makes it a valuable tool, as even a slight variation in refractive index can cause a significant change in SPR signals, such as phase, intensity, and resonance angle. However, the detection of ultralow changes in refractive index, which occur in chemical reactions or biological actions, remains a challenge for conventional SPR sensors due to their limited sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, we theoretically propose a novel guided-wave SPR (GWSPR) configuration coated with a few-layer blue phosphorene (blueP)/MoS2 hybrid structure. This configuration aims to enhance the electric field and subsequently achieve a significant improvement in sensitivity. The results of our study demonstrate that the proposed blueP/MoS2-based GWSPR sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 290°/RIU, which represents an impressive enhancement of approximately 82.4% compared to the conventional Au-based SPR sensor. This advancement addresses the challenge of detecting ultralow changes in refractive index and offers significant potential for enhancing the performance of chemical and biological sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Yuan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Leiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Yuwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
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8
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Liu H, Fu Y, Yang R, Guo J, Guo J. Surface plasmonic biosensors: principles, designs and applications. Analyst 2023; 148:6146-6160. [PMID: 37921208 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have been widely used in environmental monitoring, food contamination detection and diagnosing medical conditions due to their superior sensitivity, label-free detection and rapid analysis speed. This paper briefly elaborates on the development history of SPR technology and introduces SPR signal sensing principles. A summary of recent applications of SPR sensors in different fields is highlighted, including their figures of merit and limitations. Finally, the personal perspectives and future development trends about sensor preparation and design are discussed in detail, which may be critical for improving the performance of SPR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusheng Fu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongzhi Yang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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9
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Yuan Y, Peng X, Weng X, He J, Liao C, Wang Y, Liu L, Zeng S, Song J, Qu J. Two-dimensional nanomaterials as enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensing platforms: Design perspectives and illustrative applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115672. [PMID: 37716156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Both increasing demand for ultrasensitive detection in the scientific community and significant new breakthroughs in materials science field have inspired and promoted the development of new-generation multifunctional plasmonic sensing platforms by adopting promising plasmonic nanomaterials. Recently, high-quality surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, assisted by two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials including 2D van der Waals (vdWs) materials (such as graphene/graphene oxide, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), phosphorene, antimonene, tellurene, MXenes, and metal oxides), 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 2D hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), and 2D optical metasurfaces, have emerged as a class of novel plasmonic sensing platforms that show unprecedented detection sensitivity and impressive performance. This review of recent progress in 2D nanomaterials-enhanced SPR platforms will highlight their compelling plasmonic enhancement features, working mechanisms, and design methodologies, as well as discuss illustrative practical applications. Hence, it is of great importance to describe the latest research progress in 2D nanomaterials-enhanced SPR sensing cases. In this review, we present some concepts of SPR enhanced by 2D nanomaterials, including the basic principles of SPR, signal modulation approaches, and working enhancement mechanisms for various 2D materials-enhanced SPR systems. In addition, we also demonstrate a detailed categorization of 2D nanomaterials-enhanced SPR sensing platforms and comment on their ability to realize ultrasensitive SPR detection. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives for exploring a new generation of 2D nanomaterials-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yuan
- School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000, Troyes, France.
| | - Jun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Junle Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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10
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Chang S, Liu L, Mu C, Wen F, Xiang J, Zhai K, Wang B, Wu L, Nie A, Shu Y, Xue T, Liu Z. An Ultrasensitive SPR biosensor for RNA detection based on robust GeP 5 nanosheets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:938-947. [PMID: 37579668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive and rapid detection of biomarkers is among the upmost priorities in promoting healthcare advancements. Improved sensitivity of photonic sensors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have brought exciting prospects for achieving real-time and label-free biosensing at dilute target concentrations. Here, we report a high-sensitivity surface plasmon resonance (SPR) RNA sensor using metallic 2D GeP5 nanosheets as the sensing material. Theoretical evaluations revealed that the presence of GeP5 nanosheets can greatly enhance the plasmonic electric field of the Au film thereby boosting sensing sensitivity, and that optimal sensitivity (146° RIU-1) can be achieved with 3-nm-thick GeP5. By functionalizing GeP5 nanosheets with specific cDNA probes, detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences were achieved using the GeP5-based SPR sensor, with high sensitivity down to a detection limit of 10 aM and excellent selectivity. This work demonstrates the immense potential of GeP5-based SPR sensors for advanced biosensing applications and paves the way for utilizing GeP5 nanosheets in novel sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Chang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Lixuan Liu
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Congpu Mu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fusheng Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jianyong Xiang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Kun Zhai
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bochong Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Leiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yu Shu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Tianyu Xue
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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11
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Kavitha S, Saxena RS, Singh A, Kumari K, Aneesh M. Hexagonal-shaped graphene quantum plasmonic nano-antenna sensor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19219. [PMID: 37932312 PMCID: PMC10628248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, a hexagonal-shaped graphene quantum plasmonic nanopatch antenna sensor is designed and investigated on silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and silicon substrates for quantum plasmonic biosensing applications. The optical properties of graphene are demonstrated using Kubo modeling to analyze the plasmon resonance characteristics of the nanopatch antenna. Nano-circuit modeling of the hexagonal-shaped graphene nano-antenna is proposed and validated using CST simulations. The parametric analysis of the hexagonal-shaped nanopatch antenna is performed using design parameters such as R (radius of the hexagon), Tp (thickness of the hexagon) and µc (chemical potential of graphene) to obtain optimum characteristics suitable for quantum plasmonic sensing applications. The study demonstrates that the proposed hexagonal-shaped nano-antenna exhibits gain of 4.9 dBi, 2.46 dBi, 14.99 dBi, 8.25 dBi, 5.15 dBi, 10.87 dBi and 2.4 dBi at 29.87 THz, 30 THz, 35 THz, 113.5 THz, 132.5 THz, 85 THz and 24 THz, respectively. The field enhancement factors observed at these frequencies are 794, 779, 584, 255, 234, 654 and 217, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Computer & Communication, NMAMIT (Affiliated to Nitte (Deemed to Be University)), Udupi, India
| | | | - Ashish Singh
- Department of Computer & Communication, NMAMIT (Affiliated to Nitte (Deemed to Be University)), Udupi, India.
| | - Kamakshi Kumari
- Department of Electronics and Communication, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Mohammed Aneesh
- Department of Electronics and Communication, Veer Bahadhur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
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12
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Sreekanth KV, Perumal J, Dinish US, Prabhathan P, Liu Y, Singh R, Olivo M, Teng J. Tunable Tamm plasmon cavity as a scalable biosensing platform for surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7085. [PMID: 37925522 PMCID: PMC10625559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface enhanced Resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) is a powerful technique for enhancing Raman spectra by matching the laser excitation wavelength with the plasmonic resonance and the absorption peak of biomolecules. Here, we propose a tunable Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) cavity based on a metal on distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as a scalable sensing platform for SERRS. We develop a gold film-coated ultralow-loss phase change material (Sb2S3) based DBR, which exhibits continuously tunable TPP resonances in the optical wavelengths. We demonstrate SERRS by matching the TPP resonance with the absorption peak of the chromophore molecule at 785 nm wavelength. We use this platform to detect cardiac Troponin I protein (cTnI), a biomarker for early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, achieving a detection limit of 380 fM. This scalable substrate shows great promise as a next-generation tunable biosensing platform for detecting disease biomarkers in body fluids for routine real-time clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jayakumar Perumal
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore
| | - Patinharekandy Prabhathan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01, Singapore, 138669, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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13
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Wang Z, Liu L, Zhai K, Nie A, Xiang J, Mu C, Wen F, Wang B, Shu Y, Xue T, Liu Z. An Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Sensor Based on 2D Ferroelectric Bi 2 O 2 Se. Small 2023; 19:e2303026. [PMID: 37394706 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic biosensing is a label-free detection method that is commonly used to measure various biomolecular interactions. However, one of the main challenges in this approach is the ability to detect biomolecules at low concentrations with sufficient sensitivity and detection limits. Here, 2D ferroelectric materials are employed to address the issues with sensitivity in biosensor design. A plasmonic sensor based on Bi2 O2 Se nanosheets, a ferroelectric 2D material, is presented for the ultrasensitive detection of the protein molecule. Through imaging the surface charge density of Bi2 O2 Se, a detection limit of 1 fM is achieved for bovine serum albumin (BSA). These findings underscore the potential of ferroelectric 2D materials as critical building blocks for future biosensor and biomaterial architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Lixuan Liu
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Kun Zhai
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jianyong Xiang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Congpu Mu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Fusheng Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Bochong Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yu Shu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Tianyu Xue
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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14
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Abstract
Label-free optical biosensing holds great promise for a variety of applications in biomedical diagnostics, environmental and food safety, and security. It is already used as a key tool in the investigation of biomolecular binding events and reaction constants in real time and offers further potential additional functionalities and low-cost designs. However, the sensitivity of this technology does not match the routinely used but expensive and slow labelling methods. Therefore, label-free optical biosensing remains predominantly a research tool. Here we discuss how one can go beyond the limits of detection provided by standard optical biosensing platforms and achieve a sensitivity of label-free biosensing that is superior to labelling methods. To this end we review newly emerging optical implementations that overcome current sensitivity barriers by employing novel structural architectures, artificial materials (metamaterials and hetero-metastructures) and using phase of light as a sensing parameter. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism of plasmonic phase biosensing and review hyper-sensitive transducers, which can achieve detection limits at the single molecule level (less than 1 fg mm-2) and make it possible to detect analytes at several orders of magnitude lower concentrations than so far reported in literature. We finally discuss newly emerging layouts based on dielectric nanomaterials, bound states in continuum, and exceptional points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Kabashin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7341 CNRS, LP3, Campus de Luminy-case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
| | - Vasyl G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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15
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Hajian H, Rukhlenko ID, Bradley AL, Ozbay E. High-Figure-of-Merit Biosensing and Enhanced Excitonic Absorption in an MoS 2-Integrated Dielectric Metasurface. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:mi14020370. [PMID: 36838070 PMCID: PMC9959146 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Among the transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered an outstanding candidate for biosensing applications due to its high absorptivity and amenability to ionic current measurements. Dielectric metasurfaces have also emerged as a powerful platform for novel optical biosensing due to their low optical losses and strong near-field enhancements. Once functionalized with TMDCs, dielectric metasurfaces can also provide strong photon-exciton interactions. Here, we theoretically integrated a single layer of MoS2 into a CMOS-compatible asymmetric dielectric metasurface composed of TiO2 meta-atoms with a broken in-plane inversion symmetry on an SiO2 substrate. We numerically show that the designed MoS2-integrated metasurface can function as a high-figure-of-merit (FoM=137.5 RIU-1) van der Waals-based biosensor due to the support of quasi-bound states in the continuum. Moreover, owing to the critical coupling of the magnetic dipole resonances of the metasurface and the A exciton of the single layer of MoS2, one can achieve a 55% enhanced excitonic absorption by this two-port system. Therefore, the proposed design can function as an effective biosensor and is also practical for enhanced excitonic absorption and emission applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodjat Hajian
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivan D. Rukhlenko
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Information Optical Technologies Centre, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - A. Louise Bradley
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Ekmel Ozbay
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NANOTAM), Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Department of Physics, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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16
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Chen N, He C, Zhu W. Lightweight Machine-Learning Model for Efficient Design of Graphene-Based Microwave Metasurfaces for Versatile Absorption Performance. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:329. [PMID: 36678082 PMCID: PMC9864972 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, as a widely used nanomaterial, has shown great flexibility in designing optically transparent microwave metasurfaces with broadband absorption. However, the design of graphene-based microwave metasurfaces relies on cumbersome parameter sweeping as well as the expertise of researchers. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning network which enables the forward prediction of reflection spectra and inverse design of versatile microwave absorbers. Techniques such as the normalization of input and transposed convolution layers are introduced in the machine-learning network to make the model lightweight and efficient. Particularly, the tunable conductivity of graphene enables a new degree in the intelligent design of metasurfaces. The inverse design system based on the optimization method is proposed for the versatile design of microwave absorbers. Representative cases are demonstrated, showing very promising performances on satisfying various absorption requirements. The proposed machine-learning network has significant potential for the intelligent design of graphene-based metasurfaces for various microwave applications.
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17
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Fan M, Zhang Y, Chen D, Ren L, Yang Q, Zhou C. Tunable light trapping in the graphene metasurface. Appl Opt 2022; 61:10694-10699. [PMID: 36606928 DOI: 10.1364/ao.475861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene metasurfaces based on surface plasmon resonance can greatly enhance the interaction between light and matter at the nanoscale. At present, the resonance of graphene metasurfaces is widely used to enhance the absorption of atomic layer graphene, but little work has focused on the light field trapping capabilities it brings. In this paper, we numerically study the light trapping and manipulation of an asymmetric graphene metasurface. The designed device supports two resonant modes, and the multipole decomposition confirms that the electric dipole response dominates them. The calculated average electric field enhancement factor (EF) can reach 1206 and 1779, respectively. The near-field distribution indicates that the electric field is mainly localized in the graphene nanodisks. When the Fermi energy changes, the intensity and peak position of EF can be effectively regulated. In addition, when the polarization of the incident light is adjusted, the light field capture of the two modes is independently regulated. These results reveal that the graphene metasurface has significant light field capture and regulation ability, which provides a new idea for the realization of active regulation of high-performance low-dimensional optical devices.
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18
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Hu T, Feng X, Wei Y, Wang S, Wei Y, Yang Z, Zhao M. Design of an achromatic zoom metalens doublet in the visible. Opt Lett 2022; 47:6460-6463. [PMID: 36538462 DOI: 10.1364/ol.473597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zoom metalens doublets, featuring ultra-compactness, strong zoom capability, and CMOS compatibility, exhibit unprecedented advantages over the traditional refractive zoom lens. However, the huge chromatic aberration narrows the working bandwidth, which limits their potential applications in broadband systems. Here, by globally optimizing the phase profiles in the visible, we designed and numerically demonstrated a moiré lens based zoom metalens doublet that can achromatically work in the band of 440-640 nm. Such a doublet can achieve a continuous zoom range from 1× to 10×, while also maintaining a high focusing efficiency up to 86.5% and polarization insensitivity.
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19
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Xiao M, Lang T, Ren Z, Hong Z, Shen C, Zhang J, Cen W, Yu Z. Flexible graphene-based metamaterial sensor for highly sensitive detection of bovine serum albumin. Appl Opt 2022; 61:10574-10581. [PMID: 36607120 DOI: 10.1364/ao.476391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-based metamaterial sensor working in the terahertz spectrum is proposed, simulated, and experimentally verified by measuring bovine serum albumin (BSA). Flexible, low-cost polyimide (PI) is used as the substrate, and aluminum with periodic square rings is chosen as the metal layer. Furthermore, the introduction of the graphene monolayer interacts with the molecules through π-π stacking, resulting in the highly sensitive detection of BSA by calculating the amplitude changes at the resonance frequency. The sensor, which is a biosensor platform that offers the advantages of a small size, high sensitivity, and easy fabrication, is a promising method for THz biological detection.
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20
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Bao Y, Ren M, Ji C, Dong J, Jiang L, Dai X. Terahertz Biosensor Based on Mode Coupling between Defect Mode and Optical Tamm State with Dirac Semimetal. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:1050. [PMID: 36421169 PMCID: PMC9688746 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) has emerged as a "3D graphene" material for the development of optical devices in the past few years. In this study, a BDS-based tunable highly sensitive terahertz (THz) biosensor is proposed by using a Dirac semimetal/Bragg reflector multilayer structure. The high sensitivity of the biosensor originates from the sharp Fano resonance peak caused by coupling the Optical Tamm State (OTS) mode and defect mode. Besides, the sensitivity of the proposed structure is sensitive to the Fermi energy of Dirac semimetal and the refractive index of the sensing medium. The maximum sensitivity of 1022°/RIU is obtained by selecting structural and material parameter appropriately, which has certain competitiveness compared to conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. From the standpoint of the fabrication facility and integration, we judged that the BDS-based layered structure has the potential application in biosensor field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Bao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mengjiao Ren
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chengpeng Ji
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jun Dong
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Leyong Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Liu J, Fan L, Su J, Yang S, Luo H, Shen X, Ding F. Study on a terahertz biosensor based on graphene-metamaterial. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 280:121527. [PMID: 35753099 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between the terahertz wave propagating in free space and the sample is weak, which leads to the weak signal of the sample, which cannot meet the detection needs of trace samples. In order to meet the detection of trace samples, a kind of metamaterial absorber (the basic unit of the absorber is composed of gold-high resistance silicon-aluminum three-layer structure) is designed, and the monolayer graphene is transferred on the surface of the metamaterial absorber to construct the graphene-metamaterial absorber heterostructure. The transmission spectrum of the resonant cavity is simulated and measured by terahertz time domain spectroscopy system, and the obvious resonance frequency shift is observed. The results show that the graphene-metamaterial absorber heterostructure can detect josamycin antibiotic solution with concentration of 0.02 mg/L (the mass of josamycin is 0.2 ng). Compared with using the same structure metamaterial absorber to detect josamycin antibiotics, the sensitivity is increased by an order of magnitude. Using graphene-metamaterial heterostructure to detect the relative change of heterostructure reflectivity caused by josamycin antibiotics can reach 40%. The research in this paper provides a new technical means for accurate and rapid detection in terahertz band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liu
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan Guangdong 363000 China.
| | - Lanlan Fan
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan Guangdong 363000 China
| | - Jin Su
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan Guangdong 363000 China
| | - Senquan Yang
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan Guangdong 363000 China
| | - Huang Luo
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan Guangdong 363000 China
| | - Xuehua Shen
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan Guangdong 363000 China
| | - Fan Ding
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan Guangdong 363000 China
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22
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Jiang L, Kong KV, He S, Yong K. Plasmonic Biosensing with Nano‐Engineered Van der Waals Interfaces. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200221. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Centre for Optical and Electromagnetics Research JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics) Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288 Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive Border X Block 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan 10617
| | - Sailing He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Centre for Optical and Electromagnetics Research JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics) Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Ken‐Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The Biophotonics and MechanoBioengineering Lab The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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23
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Negm A, Howlader MMR, Belyakov I, Bakr M, Ali S, Irannejad M, Yavuz M. Materials Perspectives of Integrated Plasmonic Biosensors. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7289. [PMID: 36295354 PMCID: PMC9611134 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the growing need for portable, compact, low-cost, and efficient biosensors, plasmonic materials hold the promise to meet this need owing to their label-free sensitivity and deep light-matter interaction that can go beyond the diffraction limit of light. In this review, we shed light on the main physical aspects of plasmonic interactions, highlight mainstream and future plasmonic materials including their merits and shortcomings, describe the backbone substrates for building plasmonic biosensors, and conclude with a brief discussion of the factors affecting plasmonic biosensing mechanisms. To do so, we first observe that 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides play a major role in enhancing the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based plasmonic biosensors. Then, we identify that titanium nitride is a promising candidate for integrated applications with performance comparable to that of gold. Our study highlights the emerging role of polymer substrates in the design of future wearable and point-of-care devices. Finally, we summarize some technical and economic challenges that should be addressed for the mass adoption of plasmonic biosensors. We believe this review will be a guide in advancing the implementation of plasmonics-based integrated biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Negm
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Matiar M. R. Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ilya Belyakov
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Bakr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shirook Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology, Sheridan College, Brampton, ON L6Y 5H9, Canada
| | | | - Mustafa Yavuz
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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24
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Karawdeniya BI, Damry AM, Murugappan K, Manjunath S, Bandara YMNDY, Jackson CJ, Tricoli A, Neshev D. Surface Functionalization and Texturing of Optical Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14990-15030. [PMID: 35536016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces are planar metamaterials that can mediate highly precise light-matter interactions. Because of their unique optical properties, both plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces have found common use in sensing applications, enabling label-free, nondestructive, and miniaturized sensors with ultralow limits of detection. However, because bare metasurfaces inherently lack target specificity, their applications have driven the development of surface modification techniques that provide selectivity. Both chemical functionalization and physical texturing methodologies can modify and enhance metasurface properties by selectively capturing analytes at the surface and altering the transduction of light-matter interactions into optical signals. This review summarizes recent advances in material-specific surface functionalization and texturing as applied to representative optical metasurfaces. We also present an overview of the underlying chemistry driving functionalization and texturing processes, including detailed directions for their broad implementation. Overall, this review provides a concise and centralized guide for the modification of metasurfaces with a focus toward sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddini I Karawdeniya
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Adam M Damry
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shridhar Manjunath
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Youssef J, Zhu S, Crunteanu A, Orlianges JC, Ho HP, Bachelot R, Zeng S. Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Biosensors with Precise Phase Singularity Coupling on the Metastructures. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12100866. [PMID: 36291002 PMCID: PMC9599844 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated the ability of a plasmonic metasensor to detect ultra-low refractive index changes (in the order of ∆n = 10-10 RIU), using an innovative phase-change material, vanadium dioxide (VO2), as the sensing layer. Different from current cumbersome plasmonic biosensing setups based on optical-phase-singularity measurement, our phase signal detection is based on the direct measurement of the phase-related lateral position shift (Goos-Hänchen) at the sensing interface. The high sensitivity (1.393 × 108 μm/RIU for ∆n = 10-10 RIU), based on the Goos-Hänchen lateral shift of the reflected wave, becomes significant when the sensor is excited at resonance, due to the near-zero reflectivity dip, which corresponds to the absolute dark point (lower than 10-6). GH shifts in the order of 2.997 × 103 μm were obtained using the optimal metasurface configuration. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) curves (reflectivity, phase, GH) and electromagnetic simulations were derived using the MATLAB programming algorithm (by the transfer matrix method) and Comsol modeling (by finite element analysis), respectively. These results will provide a feasible way for the detection of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Youssef
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Shaodi Zhu
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Aurelian Crunteanu
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Orlianges
- XLIM Research Institute, UMR 7252 CNRS/University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Renaud Bachelot
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
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26
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Das CM, Kong KV, Yong KT. Diagnostic plasmonic sensors: opportunities and challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9573-9585. [PMID: 35975603 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The medical fraternity is currently burgeoned and stressed with a huge rush of patients who have inflammatory conditions, metabolite diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. In these circumstances, advanced sensing technologies could have a huge impact on the quality of life of patients. Given plasmonic resonance effects significantly improve the ability to rapidly and accurately detect biological markers, plasmonic technology is harnessed to develop a fast and accurate diagnosis that can provide timely intervention with the diseases and can also aid the recovery process by complementing the therapy stage. In this short review, we provide an overlook of how the field of plasmonic sensing has revolutionized the field of medical diagnostics. This article reviews the fundamentals and development of plasmonics. In addition, we highlight the sensitivity of various SPR and LSPR sensors. The chemistry for functionalizing plasmonic sensors is also discussed. This review also outlines some general suggestions for future directions that we feel might be useful to advance our understanding of the universe or speed up the development of plasmonic sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandreyee Manas Das
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.,CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, 637553, Singapore
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The Biophotonics and MechanoBioengineering Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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27
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Dong Y, Bandaru PR. Enhanced graphene surface plasmonics through incorporation into metallic nanostructures. Opt Express 2022; 30:30696-30704. [PMID: 36242168 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A methodology for enhancing the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance associated with graphene, through nanoscale metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) gaps, is proposed. The modulation of the resonances, in the range of 0.7 µm to 1 µm was done through tuning the carrier density in graphene and has been shown to be of potential utility for surface analyte sensing. It was shown, from finite element simulations in the frequency domain, that the related hybrid SPP modes could be clearly delineated in far field spectroscopy.
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28
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dos Santos Almeida A, Bahamon DA, Peres NMR, de Matos CJS. A Critical Analysis on the Sensitivity Enhancement of Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors with Graphene. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12152562. [PMID: 35893531 PMCID: PMC9330808 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of graphene in surface plasmon resonance sensors, covering a metallic (plasmonic) film, has a number of demonstrated advantages, such as protecting the film against corrosion/oxidation and facilitating the introduction of functional groups for selective sensing. Recently, a number of works have claimed that few-layer graphene can also increase the sensitivity of the sensor. However, graphene was treated as an isotropic thin film, with an out-of-plane refractive index that is identical to the in-plane index. Here, we critically examine the role of single and few layers of graphene in the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensors. Graphene is introduced over the metallic film via three different descriptions: as an atomic-thick two-dimensional sheet, as a thin effective isotropic material (same conductivity in the three coordinate directions), and as an non-isotropic layer (different conductivity in the perpendicular direction to the two-dimensional plane). We find that only the isotropic layer model, which is known to be incorrect for the optical modeling of graphene, provides sizable sensitivity increases, while the other, more accurate, models lead to a negligible contribution to the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline dos Santos Almeida
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (D.A.B.)
- MackGraphe-Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Dario A. Bahamon
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (D.A.B.)
- MackGraphe-Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Nuno M. R. Peres
- Physics Department, Minho University, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Christiano J. S. de Matos
- School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (D.A.B.)
- MackGraphe-Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Institute, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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29
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Butt MA, Kazanskiy NL, Khonina SN. Advances in Waveguide Bragg Grating Structures, Platforms, and Applications: An Up-to-Date Appraisal. Biosensors 2022; 12:bios12070497. [PMID: 35884300 PMCID: PMC9313028 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A Bragg grating (BG) is a one-dimensional optical device that may reflect a specific wavelength of light while transmitting all others. It is created by the periodic fluctuation of the refractive index in the waveguide (WG). The reflectivity of a BG is specified by the index modulation profile. A Bragg grating is a flexible optical filter that has found broad use in several scientific and industrial domains due to its straightforward construction and distinctive filtering capacity. WG BGs are also widely utilized in sensing applications due to their easy integration and high sensitivity. Sensors that utilize optical signals for sensing have several benefits over conventional sensors that use electric signals to achieve detection, including being lighter, having a strong ability to resist electromagnetic interference, consuming less power, operating over a wider frequency range, performing consistently, operating at a high speed, and experiencing less loss and crosstalk. WG BGs are simple to include in chips and are compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing processes. In this review, WG BG structures based on three major optical platforms including semiconductors, polymers, and plasmonics are discussed for filtering and sensing applications. Based on the desired application and available fabrication facilities, the optical platform is selected, which mainly regulates the device performance and footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Butt
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia; (N.L.K.); (S.N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikolay L. Kazanskiy
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia; (N.L.K.); (S.N.K.)
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Khonina
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia; (N.L.K.); (S.N.K.)
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
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Sakda N, Ghosh S, Chitaree R, Rahman BMA. Performance optimization of a metasurface incorporating non-volatile phase change material. Opt Express 2022; 30:12982-12994. [PMID: 35472922 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurface is a combination of manufactured periodic patterns of many artificial nanostructured unit cells, which can provide unique and attractive optical and electrical properties. Additionally, the function of the metasurface can be altered by adjusting the metasurface's size and configuration to satisfy a particular required property. However, once it is fabricated, such specific property is fixed and cannot be changed. Here, phase change material (PCM) can play an important role due to its two distinct states during the phase transition, referred to as amorphous and crystalline states, which exhibit significantly different refractive indices, particularly in the infrared wavelength. Therefore, a combination of metasurface with a phase change material may be attractive for achieving agile and tunable functions. In this paper, we numerically investigate an array of silicon cylinders with a thin PCM layer at their centers. The GST and GSST are the most well-known PCMs and were chosen for this study due to their non-volatile properties. This structure produces two resonant modes, magnetic dipole and electric dipole, at two different resonating wavelengths. We have numerically simulated the effect of cylinder's height and diameter on the reflecting profile, including the effect of thickness of the phase change material. Additionally, it is shown here that a superior performance can be achieved towards reduced insertion loss, enhanced extinction ratio, and increased figure of merit when a GST layer is replaced by a GSST layer.
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31
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Thomas PA, Menghrajani KS, Barnes WL. All-optical control of phase singularities using strong light-matter coupling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1809. [PMID: 35383172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling occurs when the rate of energy exchange between an electromagnetic mode and a molecular ensemble exceeds competing dissipative processes. The study of strong coupling has been motivated by applications such as lasing and the modification of chemical processes. Here we show that strong coupling can be used to create phase singularities. Many nanophotonic structures have been designed to generate phase singularities for use in sensing and optoelectronics. We utilise the concept of cavity-free strong coupling, where electromagnetic modes sustained by a material are strong enough to strongly couple to the material’s own molecular resonance, to create phase singularities in a simple thin film of organic molecules. We show that the use of photochromic molecules allows for all-optical control of phase singularities. Our results suggest what we believe to be both a new application for strong light-matter coupling and a new, simplified, more versatile means of manipulating phase singularities. Phase singularities are known to have applications in various branches of optics. Here the authors demonstrate that phase singularities can be created and controlled, all optically, in a simple thin film of organic molecules using cavity-free strong light-matter coupling.
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32
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Yang ZW, Pham TTH, Hsu CC, Lien CH, Phan QH. Single-Layer-Graphene-Coated and Gold-Film-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Prism Coupler Sensor for Immunoglobulin G Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22041362. [PMID: 35214258 PMCID: PMC8962983 DOI: 10.3390/s22041362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) prism coupler sensor is proposed for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. The feasibility of the proposed sensor is demonstrated by measuring the IgG concentration in phantom mouse and human serum solutions over the range of 0–250 ng/mL. The results show that the circular dichroism and principal fast axis angle of linear birefringence increase in line with increases in IgG concentration over the considered range. Moreover, the proposed device has a resolution of 5–10 ng/mL and a response time of less than three minutes. In general, the sensor provides a promising approach for IgG detection and has significant potential for rapid infectious viral disease testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Wei Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Thi-Thu-Hien Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, International University-Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Chin-Chi Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Hsiang Lien
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (Q.-H.P.)
| | - Quoc-Hung Phan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (Q.-H.P.)
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33
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Rahman BMA, Viphavakit C, Chitaree R, Ghosh S, Pathak AK, Verma S, Sakda N. Optical Fiber, Nanomaterial, and THz-Metasurface-Mediated Nano-Biosensors: A Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12010042. [PMID: 35049670 PMCID: PMC8773603 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanomaterials and scalable, high-yield nanofabrication process are revolutionizing the development of novel biosensors. Over the past decades, researches on nanotechnology-mediated biosensing have been on the forefront due to their potential application in healthcare, pharmaceutical, cell diagnosis, drug delivery, and water and air quality monitoring. The advancement of nanoscale science relies on a better understanding of theory, manufacturing and fabrication practices, and the application specific methods. The topology and tunable properties of nanoparticles, a part of nanoscale science, can be changed by different manufacturing processes, which separate them from their bulk counterparts. In the recent past, different nanostructures, such as nanosphere, nanorods, nanofiber, core-shell nanoparticles, nanotubes, and thin films, have been exploited to enhance the detectability of labelled or label-free biological molecules with a high accuracy. Furthermore, these engineered-materials-associated transducing devices, e.g., optical waveguides and metasurface-based scattering media, widened the horizon of biosensors over a broad wavelength range from deep-ultraviolet to far-infrared. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major scientific achievements in nano-biosensors based on optical fiber, nanomaterials and terahertz-domain metasurface-based refractometric, labelled and label-free nano-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Azizur Rahman
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charusluk Viphavakit
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ratchapak Chitaree
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6AE, UK;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pathak
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Sneha Verma
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Natsima Sakda
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
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34
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Zheng Q, Liu Y, Lu W, Dai X, Tian H, Jiang L. Theoretical Model for a Highly Sensitive Near Infrared Biosensor Based on Bloch Surface Wave with Dirac Semimetal. Biosensors 2021; 11:bios11100390. [PMID: 34677346 PMCID: PMC8533883 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a theoretical model of a near-infrared sensitive refractive index biosensor based on the truncate 1D photonic crystal (1D PC) structure with Dirac semimetal. This highly sensitive near-infrared biosensor originates from the sharp reflectance peak caused by the excitation of Bloch surface wave (BSW) at the interface between the Dirac semimetal and 1D PC. The sensitivity of the biosensor model is sensitive to the Fermi energy of Dirac semimetal, the thickness of the truncate layer and the refractive index of the sensing medium. By optimizing the structural parameters, the maximum refractive index sensitivity of the biosensor model can surpass 17.4 × 103/RIU, which achieves a certain competitiveness compared to conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or BSW sensors. Considering that bulk materials are easier to handle than two-dimensional materials in manufacturing facilities, we judge that 3D Dirac semimetal and its related devices will provide a strong competitor and alternative to graphene-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yamei Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenguang Lu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Haishan Tian
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (L.J.)
| | - Leyong Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (L.J.)
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35
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Asghari A, Wang C, Yoo KM, Rostamian A, Xu X, Shin JD, Dalir H, Chen RT. Fast, accurate, point-of-care COVID-19 pandemic diagnosis enabled through advanced lab-on-chip optical biosensors: Opportunities and challenges. Appl Phys Rev 2021; 8:031313. [PMID: 34552683 PMCID: PMC8427516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sudden rise of the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in early 2020 has called into drastic action measures to perform instant detection and reduce the rate of spread. Common clinical and nonclinical diagnostic testing methods have been partially effective in satisfying the increasing demand for fast detection point-of-care (POC) methods to slow down further spread. However, accurate point-of-risk diagnosis of this emerging viral infection is paramount as the need for simultaneous standard operating procedures and symptom management of SARS-CoV-2 will be the norm for years to come. A sensitive, cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial until a universal vaccination becomes available. Optical biosensors can provide a noninvasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection platform with sensitivity down to ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM) concentration in a few minutes. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass scale (millions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urine, and serological samples, even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices that have resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches include, but are not limited to, integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance, and emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also for other contagious virions such as influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Asghari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Kyoung Min Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Ali Rostamian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Xu
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Jong-Dug Shin
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Hamed Dalir
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Ray T. Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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36
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Tesi L, Bloos D, Hrtoň M, Beneš A, Hentschel M, Kern M, Leavesley A, Hillenbrand R, Křápek V, Šikola T, van Slageren J. Plasmonic Metasurface Resonators to Enhance Terahertz Magnetic Fields for High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2100376. [PMID: 34928064 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale magnetic systems play a decisive role in areas ranging from biology to spintronics. Although, in principle, THz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) provides high-resolution access to their properties, lack of sensitivity has precluded realizing this potential. To resolve this issue, the principle of plasmonic enhancement of electromagnetic fields that is used in electric dipole spectroscopies with great success is exploited, and a new type of resonators for the enhancement of THz magnetic fields in a microscopic volume is proposed. A resonator composed of an array of diabolo antennas with a back-reflecting mirror is designed and fabricated. Simulations and THz EPR measurements demonstrate a 30-fold signal increase for thin film samples. This enhancement factor increases to a theoretical value of 7500 for samples confined to the active region of the antennas. These findings open the door to the elucidation of fundamental processes in nanoscale samples, including junctions in spintronic devices or biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tesi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dominik Bloos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Hrtoň
- Institute of Physical Engineering and Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Beneš
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michal Kern
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- CIC nanoGune BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Vlastimil Křápek
- Institute of Physical Engineering and Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šikola
- Institute of Physical Engineering and Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 616 69, Czech Republic
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Haider F, Mashrafi M, Aoni RA, Haider R, Hossen M, Ahmed T, Mahdiraji GA, Ahmed R. Multi-Analyte Detection Based on Integrated Internal and External Sensing Approach. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:29-36. [PMID: 34460378 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive, simple and multiplex detection capabilities are key criteria of point-of-care (POC) diagnosis in clinical samples. Here, a simple and highly sensitive multi-analyte detection technique is proposed by using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that employs both internal and external sensing approaches. The proposed sensor can detect two different analytes simultaneously by the internal and external plasmonic micro-channels. The light propagation through the sensor is controlled by the scaled-down air-holes to excite the free electrons of the plasmonic metal layers. The light-guiding and sensing properties of the sensor is numerically analyzed by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The proposed sensor shows the maximum wavelength sensitivities (WS) of 12,000 nm/refractive index unit (RIU), and 10,000 nm/RIU, for the internal and external sensing approaches, respectively, and corresponding resolution of 8.33×10-6 RIU and 1.0×10-5 RIU. Moreover, the hybrid sensor is applicable to detect unknown analyte refractive index (RI) in the range of 1.33 to 1.40 which covers extensively investigating analytes such as viruses, different cancer cells, glucose, proteins and DNA/RNA. Due to high sensing performance with multi-analyte detection capability, the proposed sensor can play a significant role to detect bio targets at the POC platform.
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Du G, Bao X, Lin S, Pang H, Bannur Nanjunda S, Bao Q. Infrared Polaritonic Biosensors Based on Two-Dimensional Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154651. [PMID: 34361804 PMCID: PMC8347072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polaritons in two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained intensive research interests and significant progress due to their extraordinary properties of light-confinement, tunable carrier concentrations by gating and low loss absorption that leads to long polariton lifetimes. With additional advantages of biocompatibility, label-free, chemical identification of biomolecules through their vibrational fingerprints, graphene and related 2D materials can be adapted as excellent platforms for future polaritonic biosensor applications. Extreme spatial light confinement in 2D materials based polaritons supports atto-molar concentration or single molecule detection. In this article, we will review the state-of-the-art infrared polaritonic-based biosensors. We first discuss the concept of polaritons, then the biosensing properties of polaritons on various 2D materials, then lastly the impending applications and future opportunities of infrared polaritonic biosensors for medical and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.D.); (H.P.)
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Xiaozhi Bao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China;
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.D.); (H.P.)
| | - Shivananju Bannur Nanjunda
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre of Excellence in Biochemical Sensing and Imaging Technologies (Cen-Bio-SIM), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Correspondence: (S.B.N.); (Q.B.)
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Shenzhen Exciton Science and Technology Ltd., Shenzhen 518052, China
- Correspondence: (S.B.N.); (Q.B.)
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Abstract
The full manipulation of intrinsic properties of electromagnetic waves has become the central target in various modern optical technologies. Optical metasurfaces have been suggested for a complete control of light-matter interaction with subwavelength structures, and they have been explored widely in the past decade for creating next-generation multifunctional flat-optics devices. The current studies of metasurfaces have reached a mature stage where common materials, basic optical physics, and conventional engineering tools have been explored extensively for various applications such as light bending, metalenses, metaholograms, and many others. A natural question is where the future research on metasurfaces will be going: Quo vadis, metasurfaces? In this Mini Review, we provide perspectives on the future developments of optical metasurfaces. Specifically, we highlight recent progresses on hybrid metasurfaces employing low-dimensional materials and discuss biomedical, computational, and quantum applications of metasurfaces, followed by discussions of challenges and foreseeing the future of metasurface physics and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Alonso-Murias MDC, Monzón-Hernández D, Gravagnuolo AM, Márquez S, Giardina P, Morales-Narváez E. Graphene oxide biohybrid layer enhances sensitivity and anticorrosive properties in refractive index sensor. J Phys Photonics 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abfa78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Graphene-based materials are capable of enhancing the refractometric response of prism- and optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors; however, complicated multistep and time-consuming attaching processes could limit their practical applications. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) submicrometric sheets onto the surface of a gold-coated single-mode fiber using a coating of fungal self-assembling proteins, the hydrophobins (HFBs), as an adhesive nanolayer. Hetero-core fiber tip SPR structures used in this study, consisting of a mirrored multimode–single-mode fiber structure coated with different thin layers (a chromium layer of 3 nm and a gold layer of 30 nm on top) exhibited a refractive index sensitivity (SRI) of 1842 nm RIU−1 (RIU: refractive index unit) at a refractive index (RI) of 1.36. Self-assembly of GO over the SPR fiber tip via HFB, offered an enhancement of up to 20% in the SRI. Moreover, this HFB-GO coating prevented degradation of the Al thin film mirror caused by corrosive salt-water solutions. The process is very simple, harmless, rapid (around 15 min) and scalable, as it is mostly based on one plasma treatment, which can be performed in large chambers and two dip coating steps, in liquid baths. All these features make the use of self-assembled bio/non-bio hybrid coating a green industrial method to improve the performance of SPR fiber biosensors, if compared with traditional chemical methods. Materials applied in this technology, fungal proteins and derivatives of graphite, are sustainable and largely available.
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Ayyanar N, Sreekanth KV, Raja GT, Rajan MSM. Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Reconfigurable Biosensor Using Phase Change Material. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 20:338-344. [PMID: 33687845 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3065006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A reconfigurable biosensor with different spectral sensitivities could provide new opportunities to increase the label-free selectivity and sensitivity for biomolecules. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a phase change chalcogenide material (Ge2 Sb2 Te5)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor for tunable and enhanced refractive index sensing at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. In order to achieve this, we integrate a thin hybrid sensing layer of Au/Ge2 Sb2 Te5 with D-shaped PCF. By switching the structural phase of Ge2 Sb2 Te5 from amorphous to crystalline, we realize tunable and enhanced refractive index sensing with a large figure of merit (FOM) for the sensing range from 1.35 to 1.40, which covers most known analytes such as proteins, cancer cells, glucose and viruses or DNA/RNA. The obtained average bulk refractive index sensitivity is 17,600 nm/RIU and 8,000 nm/RIU for crystalline and amorphous phase, respectively. The observed large tunable differential response of the proposed sensor offers a promising opportunity to design an assay for the selective detection of higher and lower molecular weight biomolecules through future artificial intelligence-based sensing.
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Oh SH, Altug H, Jin X, Low T, Koester SJ, Ivanov AP, Edel JB, Avouris P, Strano MS. Nanophotonic biosensors harnessing van der Waals materials. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3824. [PMID: 34158483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials can harness tightly confined polaritonic waves to deliver unique advantages for nanophotonic biosensing. The reduced dimensionality of vdW materials, as in the case of two-dimensional graphene, can greatly enhance plasmonic field confinement, boosting sensitivity and efficiency compared to conventional nanophotonic devices that rely on surface plasmon resonance in metallic films. Furthermore, the reduction of dielectric screening in vdW materials enables electrostatic tunability of different polariton modes, including plasmons, excitons, and phonons. One-dimensional vdW materials, particularly single-walled carbon nanotubes, possess unique form factors with confined excitons to enable single-molecule detection as well as in vivo biosensing. We discuss basic sensing principles based on vdW materials, followed by technological challenges such as surface chemistry, integration, and toxicity. Finally, we highlight progress in harnessing vdW materials to demonstrate new sensing functionalities that are difficult to perform with conventional metal/dielectric sensors. This review presents an overview of scenarios where van der Waals (vdW) materials provide unique advantages for nanophotonic biosensing applications. The authors discuss basic sensing principles based on vdW materials, advantages of the reduced dimensionality as well as technological challenges.
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Huang X, Hu J, Zhu H, Chen J, Liu Y, Mao Z, Lee J, Chen H. Magnetic field-aligned Fe 3O 4-coated silver magnetoplasmonic nanochain with enhanced sensitivity for detection of Siglec-15. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113448. [PMID: 34171735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles could provide a significant gain in sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor by electromagnetic field coupling between the localized plasmon resonance of nanoparticles and gold film. A facile and cost-effective SPR sensor based on magnetic field-aligned Fe3O4-coated silver magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles (Ag@MNPs) nanochain (M-Ag@MNPs) was proposed to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, which gave access to detect clinical targets at low concentration. Optimization experiments proved that 80 ng mL-1 M-Ag@MNPs-based SPR sensor showed high refractive index sensitivity and increased detection accuracy and quality factor when comparing with those of bare gold. Sialic acid binding Ig like lectins-15 (Siglec-15) was used as proof of concept to verify the sensitivity enhancement performance of M-Ag@MNPs in the actual detection process. SPR angle shifts of M-Ag@MNPs/gold sensor were significantly higher than those of traditional gold sensor under the same concentration of Siglec-15, which was consistent with previous performance analysis. Also, the detection limit of M-Ag@MNPs/gold sensor was calculated to be 1.36 pg mL-1. All these results had proved that aligning M-Ag@MNPs onto the gold chip could improve the performance of the SPR sensor and achieve sensitive detection of small amounts of clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Han Zhu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yawen Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Zhihui Mao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crop, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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44
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Wu L, Xiang Y, Qin Y. Lossy-mode-resonance sensor based on perovskite nanomaterial with high sensitivity. Opt Express 2021; 29:17602-17612. [PMID: 34154300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lossy-mode-resonance (LMR) is a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-analogue optical phenomenon, which is sensitive to the surrounding environment variations and can be considered as an important detection signal in biochemical sensors. Compared with the SPR sensor which can only operate under transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized light, the LMR sensor shows a more excellent application prospect and can operate in both TM- and transverse electric (TE)-polarized light. In this work, a CH3NH3PbBr3-based LMR configuration is proposed to apply in optical sensors. When the incident light is in TM mode, the preferred way to improve the performance of the LMR sensor is optimizing the thickness of the matching layer, and the highest sensitivity of 11382 refractive index unit (RIU-1) is achieved, which is more than 200 times larger than that of the conventional Au-based SPR sensor; when the incident light is in TE mode, it is more advantageous to improve the properties of LMR sensor by optimizing the thickness of CH3NH3PbBr3 layer, and a high sensitivity of 21697 RIU-1 is obtained. With such high sensitivity, we believe that the CH3NH3PbBr3-based LMR sensor will find potential applications in biology, medicine, chemistry and other fields.
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45
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Zhou R, Wang C, Huang Y, Huang K, Wang Y, Xu W, Xie L, Ying Y. Label-free terahertz microfluidic biosensor for sensitive DNA detection using graphene-metasurface hybrid structures. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113336. [PMID: 34022719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metasurface assisted terahertz (THz) real-time and label-free biosensors have attracted intense attention. However, it is still challenging for specific detection of highly absorptive liquid samples with high sensitivity in the THz range. Here, we incorporated graphene with THz metasurface into a microfluidic cell for sensitive biosensing. The proposed THz graphene-metasurface microfluidic platform can effectively reduce the volume of the sample solution and boost the interaction between biomolecules and THz waves, thus enhancing the sensitivity. As a proof of concept, comparative experiments using other three kinds of microfluidic cells (pure microfluidic cell, metasurface-based microfluidic cell and graphene-based microfluidic cell) were conducted to explore and verify the sensing mechanism, which evidences the high sensitivity of delicate sensing based on the hybrid graphene-metasurface THz microfluidic device. Furthermore, to perform biosensing applications on that basis, specific aptamers were modified on the graphene-metasurface, enabling DNA sequences of foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 to be recognized. Based on the THz microfluidic biosensor, 100 nM DNA short sequences can be successfully detected. The sensing results of antibiotics and DNA based on the graphene-metasurface microfluidic biosensor confirm the superiority of the proposed design and considerable promise in THz biosensing. The novel sensing platform provides the merits of enabling highly sensitive, label-free, low-cost, easy to use, reusable, and real-time biosensing, which opens an exciting prospect for nanomaterial-metasurface hybrid structure assisted THz label-free biosensing in liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 20 Jinying Rd., 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Kang Huang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wendao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Paria D, Vadakkumbatt V, Ravindra P, Avasthi S, Ghosh A. Unconventional plasmonic sensitization of graphene in mid-infrared. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:315202. [PMID: 33873164 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf96c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter interaction in graphene can be engineered and substantially enhanced through plasmonic sensitization, which has led to numerous applications in photodetection, sensing, photocatalysis and spectroscopy. The majority of these designs have relied on conventional plasmonic materials such as gold, silver and aluminum. This limits the implementation of such devices to the ultraviolet and visible regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, for many practical applications, including those relevant to security and defense, the development of new strategies and materials for sensing and detection of infra red (IR) light is crucial. Here we use surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), for direct visualization and estimation of enhanced light-matter interaction in graphene in the mid-IR regime, through sensitization by an unconventional plasmonic material. Specifically, we fabricate a hybrid device consisting of a single layer graphene and a two-dimensional array of nanodiscs of aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), which is a highly doped semiconductor, exhibiting plasmonic resonance in the mid-IR. We find that the enhancement in the SERS signal of graphene is of similar magnitude to what has been achieved previously in the visible using conventional plasmonic materials. Our results establish the potential of such hybrid systems for graphene-based optical and optoelectronic applications in the mid-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadrita Paria
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Pramod Ravindra
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sushobhan Avasthi
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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47
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Han L, Xu C, Huang T, Dang X. Improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for high performance SPR sensor design. Appl Opt 2021; 60:1753-1760. [PMID: 33690514 DOI: 10.1364/ao.417015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor offers high sensitivity, good stability, simple structure, and is label-free. However, optimizing a multi-layered structure is quite time-consuming within the SPR sensor design process. Moreover, it is easy to overlook optimal design when using the conventional parameter sweeping method. In this paper, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with high global optimal solution convergence speed is applied for this purpose. Based on the IPSO algorithm, the SPR sensor with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and graphene composite is proposed and optimized. The results show that the best Ag-ITO-WS2-graphene hybrid structure can be found by the IPSO algorithm, and the maximum sensitivity is 137.4°/RIU, and the figure of merit (FOM) is 5.25RIU-1. Compared with the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm, the number of iterations can be reduced. The development of the SPR sensor provides an optimization platform, which enormously improves the development efficiency of the multi-layer SPR sensor.
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Abstract
Being the first successfully prepared two-dimensional material, graphene has attracted extensive attention from researchers due to its excellent properties and extremely wide range of applications. In particular, graphene and its derivatives have displayed several ideal properties, including broadband light absorption, ability to quench fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, and strong polarization-dependent effects, thus emerging as one of the most popular platforms for optical sensors. Graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors have numerous advantages, such as high sensitivity, low-cost, fast response time, and small dimensions. In this review, recent developments in graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors are summarized, covering aspects related to fluorescence, graphene-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), optical fiber biological sensors, and other kinds of graphene-based optical sensors. Various sensing applications, such as single-cell detection, cancer diagnosis, protein, and DNA sensing, are introduced and discussed systematically. Finally, a summary and roadmap of current and future trends are presented in order to provide a prospect for the development of graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Guang Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wen-Shuai Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Kuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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49
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Ahmadivand A, Gerislioglu B, Ramezani Z, Kaushik A, Manickam P, Ghoreishi SA. Functionalized terahertz plasmonic metasensors: Femtomolar-level detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112971. [PMID: 33434777 PMCID: PMC7787065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective and efficient management of human betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus infection i.e., COVID-19 pandemic, required sensitive and selective sensors with short sample-to-result durations for performing desired diagnostics. In this direction, one appropriate alternative approach to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus protein at low level i.e., femtomolar (fM) is exploring plasmonic metasensor technology for COVID-19 diagnostics, which offers exquisite opportunities in advanced healthcare programs, and modern clinical diagnostics. The intrinsic merits of plasmonic metasensors stem from their capability to squeeze electromagnetic fields, simultaneously in frequency, time, and space. However, the detection of low-molecular weight biomolecules at low densities is a typical drawback of conventional metasensors that has recently been addressed using toroidal metasurface technology. This research is focused on the fabrication of a miniaturized plasmonic immunosensor based on toroidal electrodynamics concept that can sustain robustly confined plasmonic modes with ultranarrow lineshapes in the terahertz (THz) frequencies. By exciting toroidal dipole mode using our quasi-infinite metasurface and a judiciously optimized protocol based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with the specific monoclonal antibody specific to spike protein (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the metasurface, the resonance shifts for diverse concentrations of the spike protein are monitored. Possessing molecular weight around ~76 kDa allowed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus protein with significantly low as limit of detection (LoD) was achieved as ~4.2 fM. We envisage that outcomes of this research will pave the way toward the use of toroidal metasensors as practical technologies for rapid and precise screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus carriers, symptomatic or asymptomatic, and spike proteins in hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ahmadivand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, United States; Metamaterial Technologies Inc, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, United States.
| | - Burak Gerislioglu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, United States
| | - Zeinab Ramezani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, United States
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Amir Ghoreishi
- Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Electrical Engineering, Varamin (Pishva) Branch Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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50
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Kong L, Lv J, Gu Q, Ying Y, Jiang X, Si G. Sensitivity-Enhanced SPR Sensor Based on Graphene and Subwavelength Silver Gratings. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2125. [PMID: 33114644 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with graphene and subwavelength gratings is proposed to improve the sensing performance. A series of numerical analyses were performed to investigate the effect of structural parameters on the sensing performance, such as minimum reflectance at resonance (MRR), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and resonance angle. The results indicated that near-zero MRR (2.9 × 10-6) and narrow FWHM (about 3.5 deg) could be obtained by optimizing the geometrical parameters. Moreover, the influence of the number of graphene layers on sensitivity was also studied. The maximum sensitivity of the designed sensor could reach 192 deg/refractive index unit (RIU), which is a great enhancement compared to the silver-only SPR sensor. In addition, ethylene glycol solutions with different refractive indices were detected. The results showed that the sensitivity of the sensor could reach 220.67 deg/RIU, and the proposed sensor had excellent linearity between the resonance angle and refractive index, enabling extensive potential practical sensing applications.
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