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Zhang Q, Luo G, Hu R, Yang G, Chen J, Yu T, Zeng Y, Li Y. Crystalline hydrogen-bonded organic framework for air-tolerant triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4475-4478. [PMID: 38563956 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) consisting of a 9,10-diphenylanthracene carboxylic derivative, DPACOOH, was developed for solid state triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). The HOF sample shows a 70% increase in upconversion quantum yield and a lower threshold value of 126.0 mW cm-2 compared to those of the disordered powder sample, due to a 43% longer triplet diffusion length in HOF than that in the powder sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guiwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Tianjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Khalil IE, Fonseca J, Reithofer MR, Eder T, Chin JM. Tackling orientation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): The quest to enhance MOF performance. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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3
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Goudarzi H, Koutsokeras L, Balawi AH, Sun C, Manolis GK, Gasparini N, Peisen Y, Antoniou G, Athanasopoulos S, Tselios CC, Falaras P, Varotsis C, Laquai F, Cabanillas-González J, Keivanidis PE. Microstructure-driven annihilation effects and dispersive excited state dynamics in solid-state films of a model sensitizer for photon energy up-conversion applications. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2009-2023. [PMID: 36845913 PMCID: PMC9945257 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bimolecular processes involving exciton spin-state interactions gain attention for their deployment as wavelength-shifting tools. Particularly triplet-triplet annihilation induced photon energy up-conversion (TTA-UC) holds promise to enhance the performance of solar cell and photodetection technologies. Despite the progress noted, a correlation between the solid-state microstructure of photoactuating TTA-UC organic composites and their photophysical properties is missing. This lack of knowledge impedes the effective integration of functional TTA-UC interlayers as ancillary components in operating devices. We here investigate a solution-processed model green-to-blue TTA-UC binary composite. Solid-state films of a 9,10 diphenyl anthracene (DPA) blue-emitting activator blended with a (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-porphyrinato) PtII (PtOEP) green-absorbing sensitizer are prepared with a range of compositions and examined by a set of complementary characterization techniques. Grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD) measurements identify three PtOEP composition regions wherein the DPA:PtOEP composite microstructure varies due to changes in the packing motifs of the DPA and PtOEP phases. In Region 1 (≤2 wt%) DPA is semicrystalline and PtOEP is amorphous, in Region 2 (between 2 and 10 wt%) both DPA and PtOEP phases are amorphous, and in Region 3 (≥10 wt%) DPA remains amorphous and PtOEP is semicrystalline. GIXRD further reveals the metastable DPA-β polymorph species as the dominant DPA phase in Region 1. Composition dependent UV-vis and FT-IR measurements identify physical PtOEP dimers, irrespective of the structural order in the PtOEP phase. Time-gated photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging confirm the presence of PtOEP aggregates, even after dispersing DPA:PtOEP in amorphous poly(styrene). When arrested in Regions 1 and 2, DPA:PtOEP exhibits delayed PtOEP fluorescence at 580 nm that follows a power-law decay on the ns time scale. The origin of PtOEP delayed fluorescence is unraveled by temperature- and fluence-dependent PL experiments. Triplet PtOEP excitations undergo dispersive diffusion and enable TTA reactions that activate the first singlet-excited (S1) PtOEP state. The effect is reproduced when PtOEP is mixed with a poly(fluorene-2-octyl) (PFO) derivative. Transient absorption measurements on PFO:PtOEP films find that selective PtOEP photoexcitation activates the S1 of PFO within ∼100 fs through an up-converted 3(d, d*) PtII-centered state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Goudarzi
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia20133 MilanoItaly
| | - Loukas Koutsokeras
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
| | - Ahmed H. Balawi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)23955-6900 ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Sun
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de CantoblancoCalle Faraday 9ES 28049 MadridSpain
| | - Giorgos K. Manolis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”15341 Agia ParaskeviAthensGreece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)23955-6900 ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College LondonW120BZUK
| | - Yuan Peisen
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
| | - Giannis Antoniou
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
| | | | - Charalampos C. Tselios
- Environmental Biocatalysis and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3603 LimassolCyprus
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”15341 Agia ParaskeviAthensGreece
| | - Constantinos Varotsis
- Environmental Biocatalysis and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3603 LimassolCyprus
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)23955-6900 ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Panagiotis E. Keivanidis
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology3041 LimassolCyprus
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Zhang J, Ruiz-Molina D, Novio F, Roscini C. Water-Stable Upconverting Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Transparent Films and Anticounterfeiting Patterns with Air-Stable Upconversion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:8377-8386. [PMID: 36722461 PMCID: PMC9940112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion (UC) based on triplet-triplet annihilation is a very promising phenomenon with potential application in several areas, though, due to the intrinsic mechanism, the achievement of diffusion-limited solid materials with air-stable UC is still a challenge. Herein, we report UC coordination polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) combining sensitizer and emitter molecules especially designed with alkyl spacers that promote the amorphous character. Beyond the characteristic constraints of crystalline MOFs, amorphous CPNs facilitate high dye density and flexible ratio tunability. To show the universality of the approach, two types of UC-CPNs are reported, exhibiting highly photostable UC in two different visible spectral regions. Given their nanoscale, narrow size distribution, and good chemical/colloidal stability in water, the CPNs were also successfully printed as anticounterfeiting patterns and used to make highly transparent and photostable films for luminescent solar concentrators, both showing air-stable UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhang
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Novio
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Claudio Roscini
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, also known as porous coordination polymers or PCPs) are a novel class of crystalline porous material. The tailorable porous structure, in terms of size, geometry and function, has attracted the attention of researchers across all disciplines of materials science. One of the many exciting aspects of MOFs is that through directional and reversible coordination bonding, organic linkers (chromophores with metal-coordinating functional groups) and metal ions (and clusters) can be spatially organized in a preconceived geometry. The well-defined spatial geometry of the metals and linkers is very advantageous for optoelectronic functions (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photocatalysts) of the materials. This feature article evaluates the scope of charge transfer (CT) interactions in MOFs, involving the organic linkers and metal ion or cluster components. Irrespective of the type (size, shape, electronic property) of organic chromophores involved, MOFs provide an insightful path to design and make the CT process efficient. The selected examples of MOFs with CT characteristics do not only illustrate the design principles but render a pathway towards understanding the complex photophysical processes and implementing those for future optoelectronic and catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Adrija Ghosh
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India. .,Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
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6
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Connecting the dots for fundamental understanding of structure-photophysics-property relationships of COFs, MOFs, and perovskites using a Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1040-1064. [PMID: 36756323 PMCID: PMC9891456 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as conjugated polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered perovskites, display intriguing photophysical signatures upon interaction with light. Elucidating structure-photophysics-property relationships across a broad range of functional materials is nontrivial and requires our fundamental understanding of the intricate interplay among excitons (electron-hole pair), polarons (charges), bipolarons, phonons (vibrations), inter-layer stacking interactions, and different forms of structural and conformational defects. In parallel with electronic structure modeling and data-driven science that are actively pursued to successfully accelerate materials discovery, an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and physically-motivated theoretical model, which consistently makes quantitative connections with conceptually complicated experimental observations, is equally important. Within this context, the first part of this perspective highlights a unified theoretical framework in which the electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can be efficiently described for a broad range of quasiparticles with similarly structured Holstein-style vibronic Hamiltonians. The second part of this perspective discusses excitonic and polaronic photophysical signatures in polymers, COFs, MOFs, and perovskites, and attempts to bridge the gap between different research fields using a common theoretical construct - the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. We envision that the synergistic integration of state-of-the-art computational approaches with the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism will help identify and establish new, transformative design strategies that will guide the synthesis and characterization of next-generation energy materials optimized for a broad range of optoelectronic, spintronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
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7
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Wu C, Xing Z, Yang S, Li Z, Zhou W. Nanoreactors for photocatalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Sindhu P, Ananthram KS, Jain A, Tarafder K, Ballav N. Charge-transfer interface of insulating metal-organic frameworks with metallic conduction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7665. [PMID: 36509780 PMCID: PMC9744856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Downsizing materials into hetero-structured thin film configurations is an important avenue to capture various interfacial phenomena. Metallic conduction at the interfaces of insulating transition metal oxides and organic molecules are notable examples, though, it remained elusive in the domain of coordination polymers including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs are comprised of metal centers connected to organic linkers with an extended coordination geometry and potential void space. Poor orbitals overlap often makes these crystalline solids electrical insulators. Herein, we have fabricated hetero-structured thin film of a Mott and a band insulating MOFs via layer-by-layer method. Electrical transport measurements across the thin film evidenced an interfacial metallic conduction. The origin of such an unusual observation was understood by the first-principles density functional theory calculations; specifically, Bader charge analysis revealed significant accumulation and percolation of charge across the interface. We anticipate similar interfacial effects in other rationally designed hetero-structured thin films of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sindhu
- grid.417959.70000 0004 1764 2413Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008 India
| | - K. S. Ananthram
- grid.444525.60000 0000 9398 3798Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575 025 India
| | - Anil Jain
- grid.418304.a0000 0001 0674 4228Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - Kartick Tarafder
- grid.444525.60000 0000 9398 3798Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575 025 India
| | - Nirmalya Ballav
- grid.417959.70000 0004 1764 2413Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008 India
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9
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Ha DG, Wan R, Kim CA, Lin TA, Yang L, Van Voorhis T, Baldo MA, Dincă M. Exchange controlled triplet fusion in metal-organic frameworks. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1275-1281. [PMID: 36202994 PMCID: PMC9622415 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-fusion-based photon upconversion holds promise for a wide range of applications, from photovoltaics to bioimaging. The efficiency of triplet fusion, however, is fundamentally limited in conventional molecular and polymeric systems by its spin dependence. Here, we show that the inherent tailorability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), combined with their highly porous but ordered structure, minimizes intertriplet exchange coupling and engineers effective spin mixing between singlet and quintet triplet-triplet pair states. We demonstrate singlet-quintet coupling in a pyrene-based MOF, NU-1000. An anomalous magnetic field effect is observed from NU-1000 corresponding to an induced resonance between singlet and quintet states that yields an increased fusion rate at room temperature under a relatively low applied magnetic field of 0.14 T. Our results suggest that MOFs offer particular promise for engineering the spin dynamics of multiexcitonic processes and improving their upconversion performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gwang Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruomeng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Changhae Andrew Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc A Baldo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Zeng L, Huang L, Han G. Dye Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Phototherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114479. [PMID: 35932906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that relies on the interaction between light and photoactive agents. These photoactive agents are typically organic dyes, but their hydrophobic nature and self-aggregation tendency in biological media greatly restricts the development of highly effective phototherapeutic systems. In the past decade, functional dye-doped metal-organic framework (MOF)-based phototherapy has attracted enormous interest because organic dyes can be encapsulated and isolated within the MOF structure to show superior treatment efficacy. In addition to incorporating the reported phototherapeutic dyes into MOF as the ligand or the guest in the pores, the construction of an MOF-based phototherapy agent can also be extended to these dye units that are previously inactive for phototherapy. Thus, this review focuses on the emerging development of phototherapeutic MOFs that exhibited better performance than the involving dye units due to the controlled dye aggregation within the MOF. The related mechanisms and some emerging future directions of dye-doped MOF-based phototherapy are also discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
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11
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Zerulla B, Krstić M, Beutel D, Holzer C, Wöll C, Rockstuhl C, Fernandez-Corbaton I. A Multi-Scale Approach for Modeling the Optical Response of Molecular Materials Inside Cavities. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200350. [PMID: 35384088 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent fabrication advances in nanoscience and molecular materials point toward a new era where material properties are tailored in silico for target applications. To fully realize this potential, accurate and computationally efficient theoretical models are needed for: a) the computer-aided design and optimization of new materials before their fabrication; and b) the accurate interpretation of experiments. The development of such theoretical models is a challenging multi-disciplinary problem where physics, chemistry, and material science are intertwined across spatial scales ranging from the molecular to the device level, that is, from ångströms to millimeters. In photonic applications, molecular materials are often placed inside optical cavities. Together with the sought-after enhancement of light-molecule interactions, the cavities bring additional complexity to the modeling of such devices. Here, a multi-scale approach that, starting from ab initio quantum mechanical molecular simulations, can compute the electromagnetic response of macroscopic devices such as cavities containing molecular materials is presented. Molecular time-dependent density-functional theory calculations are combined with the efficient transition matrix based solution of Maxwell's equations. Some of the capabilities of the approach are demonstrated by simulating surface metal-organic frameworks -in-cavity and J-aggregates-in-cavity systems that have been recently investigated experimentally, and providing a refined understanding of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Zerulla
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marjan Krstić
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Beutel
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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12
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Vaghi L, Rizzo F, Pedrini J, Mauri A, Meinardi F, Cosentino U, Greco C, Monguzzi A, Papagni A. Bypassing the statistical limit of singlet generation in sensitized upconversion using fluorinated conjugated systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:913-921. [PMID: 35488979 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The photon upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is a mechanism that converts the absorbed low-energy electromagnetic radiation into higher energy photons also at extremely low excitation intensities, but its use in actual technologies is still hindered by the limited availability of efficient annihilator moieties. We present here the results obtained by the synthesis and application of two new fluorinated chromophores based on phenazine and acridine structures, respectively. Both compounds show upconverted emission demonstrating their ability as TTA annihilator. More interesting, the acridine-based chromophore shows an excellent TTA yield that overcomes the one of some of best model systems. By correlating the experimental data and the quantum mechanical modeling of the investigated compound, we propose an alternative efficient pathway for the generation of the upconverted emissive states involving the peculiar high-energy triplet levels of the dye, thus suggesting a new development strategy for TTA annihilators based on the fine tuning of their high-energy excited states properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Rizzo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jacopo Pedrini
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mauri
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Piazza della Scienza 1 e 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Piazza della Scienza 1 e 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Piazza della Scienza 1 e 4, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy.
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Kiseleva N, Filatov MA, Fischer JC, Kaiser M, Jakoby M, Busko D, Howard IA, Richards BS, Turshatov A. BODIPY-pyrene donor-acceptor sensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion: the impact of the BODIPY-core on upconversion efficiency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3568-3578. [PMID: 35084007 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is an important type of optical process with applications in biophotonics, solar energy harvesting and photochemistry. In most of the TTA-UC systems, the formation of triplet excited states takes place via spin-orbital interactions promoted by heavy atoms. Given the crucial role of heavy atoms (especially noble metals, such as Pd and Pt) in promoting intersystem crossing (ISC) and, therefore, in production of UC luminescence, the feasibility of using more readily available and inexpensive sensitizers without heavy atoms remains a challenge. Here, we investigated sensitization of TTA-UC using BODIPY-pyrene heavy-atom-free donor-acceptor dyads with different numbers of alkyl groups in the BODIPY scaffold. The molecules with four and six alkyl groups are unable to sensitize TTA-UC in the investigated solvents (tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane (DCM)) due to negligible ISC. In contrast, the dyad with two methyl groups in the BODIPY scaffold and the dyad with unsubstituted BODIPY demonstrate efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) of 49-58%, resulting in TTA-UC with quantum yields of 4.7% and 6.9%, respectively. The analysis of the elementary steps of the TTA-UC process indicates that heavy-atom-free donor-acceptor dyads are less effective than their noble metal counterparts, but may equal them in the future if the right combination of solvent, donor-acceptor sensitizer structure, and new luminescent molecules as TTA-UC emitters can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kiseleva
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Jan C Fischer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Milian Kaiser
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany. .,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany. .,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
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14
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Kashino T, Haruki R, Uji M, Harada N, Hosoyamada M, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Design Guidelines for Rigid Epoxy Resins with High Photon Upconversion Efficiency: Critical Role of Emitter Concentration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:22771-22780. [PMID: 35014267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the practical application of triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC), the development of rigid, transparent, air-stable, and moldable materials with a high TTA-UC efficiency remains a challenging issue. In addition to the noncovalent introduction of ionic liquid emitters into the epoxy network, we covalently introduce emitters with polymerization sites to increase the emitter concentration to 35.6 wt %. A TTA-UC quantum yield ΦUC of 5.7% (theoretical maximum: 50%) or a TTA-UC efficiency ηUC of 11.4% (theoretical maximum: 100%) is achieved, which is the highest value ever achieved for a rigid polymer material. More importantly, the high emitter concentration speeds up the triplet diffusion and suppresses the back energy transfer from the emitter to sensitizer so that the sensitized emitter triplet can be effectively utilized for TTA. The generality of our finding is also confirmed for epoxy resins of similar emitter unit concentrations without the ionic liquid. This work provides important design guidelines for achieving highly efficient TTA-UC in rigid solid materials, which has been very difficult to achieve in the past. Furthermore, the solid-state TTA-UC exhibits high air stability, reflecting the high oxygen barrier performance of epoxy resins. The high moldability of epoxy resins allows the construction of upconversion materials with complex geometries at nano- to macroscopic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kashino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Funabashi 274-0069, Japan
| | - Rena Haruki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Funabashi 274-0069, Japan
| | - Masanori Uji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosoyamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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15
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Gorbunova YG, Enakieva YY, Volostnykh MV, Sinelshchikova AA, Abdulaeva IA, Birin KP, Tsivadze AY. Porous porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks: synthesis, structure, sorption properties and application prospects. Russian Chemical Reviews 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Abstract
In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been attracting ever more interest owing to their fascinating structures and widespread applications. Among the optoelectronic materials, luminescent MOFs (LMOFs) have become one of the most attractive candidates in the fields of optics and photonics thanks to the unique characteristics of their frameworks. Luminescence from MOFs can originate from either the frameworks, mainly including organic linkers and metal ions, or the encapsulated guests, such as dyes, perovskites, and carbon dots. Here, we systematically review the recent progress in LMOFs, with an emphasis on the relationships between their structures and emission behaviour. On this basis, we comprehensively discuss the research progress and applications of multicolour emission from homogeneous and heterogeneous structures, host-guest hybrid lasers, and pure MOF lasers based on optically excited LMOFs in the field of micro/nanophotonics. We also highlight recent developments in other types of luminescence, such as electroluminescence and chemiluminescence, from LMOFs. Future perspectives and challenges for LMOFs are provided to give an outlook of this emerging field. We anticipate that this article will promote the development of MOF-based functional materials with desired performance towards robust optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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17
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Liu X, Mazel A, Marschner S, Fu Z, Muth M, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiss G, Bräse S, Diring S, Odobel F, Haldar R, Wöll C. Photoinduced Delamination of Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films by Spatioselective Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:57768-57773. [PMID: 34808056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) built from different building units offer functionalities going far beyond gas storage and separation. In connection with advanced applications, e.g., in optoelectronics, hierarchical MOF-on-MOF structures fabricated using sophisticated methodologies have recently become particularly attractive. Here, we demonstrate that the structural complexity of MOF-based architectures can be further increased by employing highly spatioselective photochemistry. Using a layer-by-layer, quasi-epitaxial synthesis method, we realized a photoactive MOF-on-MOF hetero-bilayer consisting of a porphyrinic bottom layer and a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based top layer. Illumination of the monolithic thin film with visible light in the presence of oxygen gas results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (1O2) in the porphyrinic bottom layer, which lead to a photocleavage of the TPE units at the internal interface. We demonstrate that this spatioselective photochemistry can be utilized to delaminate the top layers, yielding two-dimensional (2D) MOF sheets with well-defined thickness. Experiments using atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate that these platelets can be transferred onto other substrates, thus opening up the possibility of fabricating planar MOF structures using photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Antoine Mazel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stefan Marschner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zhihua Fu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Muth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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18
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Enomoto R, Hoshi M, Oyama H, Agata H, Kurokawa S, Kuma H, Uekusa H, Murakami Y. van der Waals solid solution crystals for highly efficient in-air photon upconversion under subsolar irradiance. Mater Horiz 2021; 8:3449-3456. [PMID: 34751288 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-sensitized photon upconversion (UC) has been proposed for broad applications. However, the quest for superior solid materials has been challenged by the poor exciton transport often caused by low crystallinity, a small crystal domain, and aggregation of triplet sensitizers. Here, we demonstrate substantial advantages of the van der Waals solid solution concept to yield molecular crystals with extraordinary performance. A 0.001%-order porphyrin sensitizer is dissolved during recrystallization into the molecular crystals of a blue-fluorescent hydrocarbon annihilator, 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene (ANNP), which contains bulky side groups. This attempt yields millimeter-sized, uniformly colored, transparent solid solution crystals, which resolves the long-standing problem of sensitizer aggregation. After annealing, the crystals exhibit unprecedented UC performance (UC quantum yield reaching 16% out of a maximum of 50% by definition; excitation intensity threshold of 0.175 sun; and high photostability of over 150 000 s) in air, which proves that this concept is highly effective in the quest for superior UC solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Enomoto
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Megumi Hoshi
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Hironaga Oyama
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Agata
- Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-8623, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kurokawa
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8321, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuma
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8321, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoichi Murakami
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion has shown promising potentials in the augmentation of solar energy conversion. However, challenging issues exist in improving TTA upconversion efficiencies in solid-states, one of which is the back energy transfer from upconverted singlet annihilators to sensitizers, resulting in decreasing upconversion emission. Here we present a light-harvesting molecular wire consisting of dendrons with 9,10-diphenylanthracene derivatives (DPAEH) at the periphery and p-phenylene ethynylene oligomers (PPE) as the wire core. The peripheral DPAEH antenna funnels singlet excitonic energy to the wire on a 12 ps time scale. Incorporating the molecular wire into the TTA upconversion solid consisting of the DPAEH annihilator and the porphyrin sensitizer evidently improves the upconversion quantum yield from 1.5% to 2.7% upon 532 nm excitation by suppressing the back energy transfer from the singlet annihilator to the sensitizer. This finding offers a potential route to use a singlet energy light-harvesting architecture for enhancing TTA upconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yeqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Albano LGS, de Camargo DHS, Schleder GR, Deeke SG, Vello TP, Palermo LD, Corrêa CC, Fazzio A, Wöll C, Bufon CCB. Room-Temperature Negative Differential Resistance in Surface-Supported Metal-Organic Framework Vertical Heterojunctions. Small 2021; 17:e2101475. [PMID: 34288416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advances of surface-supported metal-organic framework (SURMOF) thin-film synthesis have provided a novel strategy for effectively integrating metal-organic framework (MOF) structures into electronic devices. The considerable potential of SURMOFs for electronics results from their low cost, high versatility, and good mechanical flexibility. Here, the first observation of room-temperature negative differential resistance (NDR) in SURMOF vertical heterojunctions is reported. By employing the rolled-up nanomembrane approach, highly porous sub-15 nm thick HKUST-1 films are integrated into a functional device. The NDR is tailored by precisely controlling the relative humidity (RH) around the device and the applied electric field. The peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of about two is obtained for low voltages (<2 V). A transition from a metastable state to a field emission-like tunneling is responsible for the NDR effect. The results are interpreted through band diagram analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for quasisaturated water conditions. Furthermore, a low-voltage ternary inverter as a multivalued logic (MVL) application is demonstrated. These findings point out new advances in employing unprecedented physical effects in SURMOF heterojunctions, projecting these hybrid structures toward the future generation of scalable functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G S Albano
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Davi H S de Camargo
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Schleder
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Samantha G Deeke
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Tatiana P Vello
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry (IQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-862, Brazil
| | - Leirson D Palermo
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cátia C Corrêa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Fazzio
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carlos C B Bufon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, 17033-360, Brazil
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry (IQ), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-862, Brazil
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21
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Chai L, Pan J, Hu Y, Qian J, Hong M. Rational Design and Growth of MOF-on-MOF Heterostructures. Small 2021; 17:e2100607. [PMID: 34245231 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a subclass of highly crystalline inorganic-organic materials, which are endowed with high surface areas, tunable pores, and fascinating nanostructures. Heterostructured MOF-on-MOF composites are recently becoming a research hotspot in the field of chemistry and materials science, which focus on the assembly of two or more different homogeneous or heterogeneous MOFs with various structures and morphologies. Compared with one single MOF, the dual MOF-on-MOF composites exhibit unprecedented tunability, hierarchical nanostructure, synergistic effect, and enhanced performance. Due to the difference of inorganic metals and organic ligands, the lattice parameters in a, b, and c directions in the single crystal cells could bring about subtle or large structural difference. It will result in the composite material with distinct growth methods to obtain secondary MOF grown from the initial MOF. In this review, the authors wish to mainly outline the latest synthetic strategies of heterostructured MOF-on-MOFs and their derivatives, including ordered epitaxial growth, random epitaxial growth, etc., which show the tutorial guidelines for the further development of various MOF-on-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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22
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Abstract
Opportunities for enhancing solar energy harvesting using photon upconversion are reviewed. The increasing prominence of bifacial solar cells is an enabling factor for the implementation of upconversion, however, when the realistic constraints of current best-performing silicon devices are considered, many challenges remain before silicon photovoltaics operating under nonconcentrated sunlight can be enhanced via lanthanide-based upconversion. A photophysical model reveals that >1-2 orders of magnitude increase in the intermediate state lifetime, energy transfer rate, or generation rate would be needed before such solar upconversion could start to become efficient. Methods to increase the generation rate such as the use of cosensitizers to expand the absorption range and the use of plasmonics or photonic structures are reviewed. The opportunities and challenges for these approaches (or combinations thereof) to achieve efficient solar upconversion are discussed. The opportunity for enhancing the performance of technologies such as luminescent solar concentrators by combining upconversion together with micro-optics is also reviewed. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion is progressing steadily toward being relevant to lower-bandgap solar cells. Looking toward photocatalysis, photophysical modeling indicates that current blue-to-ultraviolet lanthanide upconversion systems are very inefficient. However, hope remains in this direction for organic upconversion enhancing the performance of visible-light-active photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Damien Hudry
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Semrau AL, Zhou Z, Mukherjee S, Tu M, Li W, Fischer RA. Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. Langmuir 2021; 37:6847-6863. [PMID: 34081473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of porous materials composed of organic linkers and metal centers/clusters. The integration of MOFs onto the solid surface as thin films/coatings has spurred great interest, thanks to leveraging control over their morphology (such as size- and shape-regulated crystals) and orientation, flexible processability, and easy recyclability. These aspects, in synergy, promise a wide range of applications, including but not limited to gas/liquid separations, chemical sensing, and electronics. Dozens of innovative methods have been developed to manipulate MOFs on various solid substrates for academic studies and potential industrial applications. Among the developed deposition methods, the liquid-phase epitaxial layer-by-layer (LPE-LbL) method has demonstrated its merits over precise control of the thickness, roughness, homogeneity, and orientations, among others. Herein, we discuss the major developments of surface-mounted MOFs (SURMOFs) in LbL process optimization, summarizing the SURMOFs' performance in different applications, and put forward our perspective on the future of SURMOFs in terms of advances in the formulation, applications, and challenges. Finally, future prospects and challenges with respect to SURMOFs growth will be discussed, keeping the focus on their widening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Semrau
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1 and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1 and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1 and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Min Tu
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Weijin Li
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1 and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1 and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
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Edhborg F, Bildirir H, Bharmoria P, Moth-Poulsen K, Albinsson B. Intramolecular Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion in Diffusionally Restricted Anthracene Polymer. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6255-6263. [PMID: 34081465 PMCID: PMC8279549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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In the strive to
develop triplet–triplet annihilation photon
upconversion (TTA-UC) to become applicable in a viable technology,
there is a need to develop upconversion systems that can function
well in solid states. One method to achieve efficient solid-state
TTA-UC systems is to replace the intermolecular energy-transfer steps
with the corresponding intramolecular transfers, thereby minimizing
loss channels involved in chromophore diffusion. Herein, we present
a study of photon upconversion by TTA internally within a polymeric
annihilator network (iTTA). By the design of the annihilator polymer
and the choice of experiment conditions, we isolate upconversion emission
governed by iTTA within the annihilator particles and eliminate possible
external TTA between separate annihilator particles (xTTA). This approach
leads to mechanistic insights into the process of iTTA and makes it
possible to explore the upconversion kinetics and performance of a
polymeric annihilator. In comparison to a monomeric upconversion system
that only functions using xTTA, we show that upconversion in a polymeric
annihilator is efficient also at extremely low annihilator concentrations
and that the overall kinetics is significantly faster. The presented
results show that intramolecular photon upconversion is a versatile
concept for the development of highly efficient solid-state photon
upconversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Edhborg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Hakan Bildirir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Bharmoria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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Roy I, Goswami S, Young RM, Schlesinger I, Mian MR, Enciso AE, Zhang X, Hornick JE, Farha OK, Wasielewski MR, Hupp JT, Stoddart JF. Photon Upconversion in a Glowing Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5053-5059. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Kashino T, Hosoyamada M, Haruki R, Harada N, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Bulk Transparent Photon Upconverting Films by Dispersing High-Concentration Ionic Emitters in Epoxy Resins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:13676-13683. [PMID: 33656328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It remains challenging to achieve efficient and air-stable photon upconversion (UC) in rigid, technologically valuable transparent films. Here, we report the first example of epoxy resins that show an air-stable and efficient triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA)-based UC. Epoxy resins are thermally cross-linked polymers widely used as coating and sealing materials in actual devices. To achieve efficient TTA-UC in rigid epoxy films, it is essential to execute both the triplet sensitization and triplet exciton diffusion processes without relying on molecular diffusion. This requires homogeneously dispersing emitter molecules without aggregation in three-dimensionally cross-linked rigid polymer networks at a high concentration (ca. 1000 mM) such that the inter-emitter distance is less than 1 nm, where dexter energy transfer can occur. This difficult requirement is solved by employing an ionic liquid emitter that consists of 9,10-diphenylanthracene sulfonate and lipophilic phosphonium ions bearing long alkyl chains. The obtained epoxy resins show a high TTA-UC efficiency (ηUC = 3.8%) and low threshold excitation intensity (Ith = 40 mW cm-2) in air. These UC parameters are achieved by virtue of a very high sensitizer-to-emitter triplet energy-transfer efficiency (92.8%) and a significantly long emitter triplet lifetime (17.8 ms) that reflect the high emitter concentration and the rigid chromophore environment, respectively. The bulk transparent upconverting resins can be prepared in air and function in air, which opens a new avenue toward a wide range of real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kashino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Funabashi 274-0069, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosoyamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rena Haruki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Nissan Chemical Corporation, Funabashi 274-0069, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Ejsmont A, Andreo J, Lanza A, Galarda A, Macreadie L, Wuttke S, Canossa S, Ploetz E, Goscianska J. Applications of reticular diversity in metal–organic frameworks: An ever-evolving state of the art. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 430:213655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Haldar R, Kozlowska M, Ganschow M, Ghosh S, Jakoby M, Chen H, Ghalami F, Xie W, Heidrich S, Tsutsui Y, Freudenberg J, Seki S, Howard IA, Richards BS, Bunz UHF, Elstner M, Wenzel W, Wöll C. Interplay of structural dynamics and electronic effects in an engineered assembly of pentacene in a metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4477-4483. [PMID: 34168750 PMCID: PMC8179632 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge carrier mobility is an important figure of merit to evaluate organic semiconductor (OSC) materials. In aggregated OSCs, this quantity is determined by inter-chromophoric electronic and vibrational coupling. These key parameters sensitively depend on structural properties, including the density of defects. We have employed a new type of crystalline assembly strategy to engineer the arrangement of the OSC pentacene in a structure not realized as crystals to date. Our approach is based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in which suitably substituted pentacenes act as ditopic linkers and assemble into highly ordered π-stacks with long-range order. Layer-by-layer fabrication of the MOF yields arrays of electronically coupled pentacene chains, running parallel to the substrate surface. Detailed photophysical studies reveal strong, anisotropic inter-pentacene electronic coupling, leading to efficient charge delocalization. Despite a high degree of structural order and pronounced dispersion of the 1D-bands for the static arrangement, our experimental results demonstrate hopping-like charge transport with an activation energy of 64 meV dominating the band transport over a wide range of temperatures. A thorough combined quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics investigation identifies frustrated localized rotations of the pentacene cores as the reason for the breakdown of band transport and paves the way for a crystal engineering strategy of molecular OSCs that independently varies the arrangement of the molecular cores and their vibrational degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Ganschow
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hongye Chen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Science Nanjing China
| | - Farhad Ghalami
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ian A Howard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Hermann von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Light Technology Institute (LTI) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG2) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann-von Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Nascimbeni G, Wöll C, Zojer E. Electrostatic Design of Polar Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2420. [PMID: 33287401 PMCID: PMC7761790 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, optical and electronic properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have increasingly shifted into the focus of interest of the scientific community. Here, we discuss a strategy for conveniently tuning these properties through electrostatic design. More specifically, based on quantum-mechanical simulations, we suggest an approach for creating a gradient of the electrostatic potential within a MOF thin film, exploiting collective electrostatic effects. With a suitable orientation of polar apical linkers, the resulting non-centrosymmetric packing results in an energy staircase of the frontier electronic states reminiscent of the situation in a pin-photodiode. The observed one dimensional gradient of the electrostatic potential causes a closure of the global energy gap and also shifts core-level energies by an amount equaling the size of the original band gap. The realization of such assemblies could be based on so-called pillared layer MOFs fabricated in an oriented fashion on a solid substrate employing layer by layer growth techniques. In this context, the simulations provide guidelines regarding the design of the polar apical linker molecules that would allow the realization of MOF thin films with the (vast majority of the) molecular dipole moments pointing in the same direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Nascimbeni
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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Gomez GE, Roncaroli F. Photofunctional metal-organic framework thin films for sensing, catalysis and device fabrication. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020; 513:119926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Haldar R, Jakoby M, Kozlowska M, Rahman Khan M, Chen H, Pramudya Y, Richards BS, Heinke L, Wenzel W, Odobel F, Diring S, Howard IA, Lemmer U, Wöll C. Tuning Optical Properties by Controlled Aggregation: Electroluminescence Assisted by Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Thin Films of Crystalline Chromophores. Chemistry 2020; 26:17016-17020. [PMID: 32894609 PMCID: PMC7839528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several photophysical properties of chromophores depend crucially on intermolecular interactions. Thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is often influenced by close packing of the chromophore assembly. In this context, the metal-organic framework (MOF) approach has several advantages: it can be used to steer aggregation such that the orientation within aggregated structures can be predicted using rational approaches. We demonstrate this design concept for a DPA-TPE (diphenylamine-tetraphenylethylene) chromophore, which is non-emissive in its solvated state due to vibrational quenching. Turning this DPA-TPE into a ditopic linker makes it possible to grow oriented MOF thin films exhibiting pronounced green electroluminescence with low onset voltages. Measurements at different temperatures clearly demonstrate the presence of TADF. Finally, this work reports that the layer-by-layer process used for MOF thin film deposition allows the integration of the TADF-DPA-TPE in a functioning LED device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Motiur Rahman Khan
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hongye Chen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yohanes Pramudya
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 4400, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 4400, Nantes, France
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Tamura H. Triplet Exciton Transfers and Triplet-Triplet Annihilation in Anthracene Derivatives via Direct versus Superexchange Pathways Governed by Molecular Packing. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7943-7949. [PMID: 32902271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triplet exciton transfer (TET) and triplet-triplet annihilations (TTAs) in anthracene derivatives, namely, one of the polymorphs of 9,10-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)anthracene (TIPS-ANTp) and 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-5,8-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)anthracene (F4-TMS-ANT), are analyzed theoretically. The electronic couplings for TET and TTA are evaluated by means of the diabatization scheme in conjunction with the time-dependent density functional theory and the multireference second-order Møller-Plesset method. The TET rate is estimated on the basis of Fermi's golden rule considering the Franck-Condon factor of intramolecular modes. TTA is analyzed by means of quantum dynamics calculations with the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method. TET in the cofacially stacked F4-TMS-ANT is faster than that of the slip-stacked TIPS-ANTp. In the anthracene derivatives, a singlet exciton is lower in energy than a pair of triplets. F4-TMS-ANT can exhibit an ultrafast TTA via the superexchange pathway mediated by higher lying charge transfer (CT) states, owing to strong electronic couplings. In contrast, TIPS-ANTp exhibits an inefficient TTA via the direct pathway with a small two-electron coupling. The cofacial stacking decreases the energy gap to the intermediate CT states, thereby facilitating TET and TTA via the superexchange pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
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Windischbacher A, Steiner L, Haldar R, Wöll C, Zojer E, Kelterer AM. Exciton Coupling and Conformational Changes Impacting the Excited State Properties of Metal Organic Frameworks. Molecules 2020; 25:E4230. [PMID: 32942666 PMCID: PMC7570727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the photophysical properties of crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become increasingly relevant for their potential application in light-emitting devices, photovoltaics, nonlinear optics and sensing. The availability of high-quality experimental data for such systems makes them ideally suited for a validation of quantum mechanical simulations, aiming at an in-depth atomistic understanding of photophysical phenomena. Here we present a computational DFT study of the absorption and emission characteristics of a Zn-based surface-anchored metal-organic framework (Zn-SURMOF-2) containing anthracenedibenzoic acid (ADB) as linker. Combining band-structure and cluster-based simulations on ADB chromophores in various conformations and aggregation states, we are able to provide a detailed explanation of the experimentally observed photophysical properties of Zn-ADB SURMOF-2: The unexpected (weak) red-shift of the absorption maxima upon incorporating ADB chromophores into SURMOF-2 can be explained by a combination of excitonic coupling effects with conformational changes of the chromophores already in their ground state. As far as the unusually large red-shift of the emission of Zn-ADB SURMOF-2 is concerned, based on our simulations, we attribute it to a modification of the exciton coupling compared to conventional H-aggregates, which results from a relative slip of the centers of neighboring chromophores upon incorporation in Zn-ADB SURMOF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Windischbacher
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Steiner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.W.); (L.S.)
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35
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di Nunzio MR, Caballero-Mancebo E, Cohen B, Douhal A. Photodynamical behaviour of MOFs and related composites: Relevance to emerging photon-based science and applications. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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36
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Abstract
In this work we report fabrication of high-quality AB- and BA-type heterostructured thin films of cubic Cu(II) (A-type) and tetragonal Cu(I) (B-type) coordination polymers (CPs) on the functionalized Au substrate by the layer-by-layer method. Successful growth of Cu(I)-CP on top of Cu(II)-CP was assigned to be due to the interfacial reduction reaction (IRR). Notably, electrical transport measurements across AB- and BA-type heterostructured thin films revealed rectification of current in opposite directions. We have attributed such an interestingly new observation to the formation of a well-defined interface of Cu(II)-CP and Cu(I)-CP resembling a p-n junction-a hitherto unreported phenomenon that is anticipated to open enormous opportunities for the heterostructured thin films of CPs, likewise celebrated interfaces of oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Anupam Prasoon
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Shammi Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Nirmalya Ballav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- JST-PRESTO Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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38
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Hashem T, Valadez Sánchez EP, Weidler PG, Gliemann H, Alkordi MH, Wöll C. Liquid-Phase Quasi-Epitaxial Growth of Highly Stable, Monolithic UiO-66-NH 2 MOF thin Films on Solid Substrates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:515-518. [PMID: 32373421 PMCID: PMC7197087 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High quality, monolithic UiO-66-NH2 thin films on diverse solid substrates have been prepared via a low temperature liquid phase epitaxy method. The achievement of continuous films with low defect densities and great stability against high temperatures and hot water is proven, clearly outperforming other reported types of MOF thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawheed Hashem
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Elvia P. Valadez Sánchez
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Peter G. Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Mohamed H. Alkordi
- Center for Materials ScienceZewail City of Science and Technology October Gardens, 6th of OctoberGiza12578Egypt
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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Haldar R, Heinke L, Wöll C. Advanced Photoresponsive Materials Using the Metal-Organic Framework Approach. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1905227. [PMID: 31763731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When fabricating macroscopic devices exploiting the properties of organic chromophores, the corresponding molecules need to be condensed into a solid material. Since optical absorption properties are often strongly affected by interchromophore interactions, solids with a well-defined structure carry substantial advantages over amorphous materials. Here, the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based approach is presented. By appropriate functionalization, most organic chromophores can be converted to function as linkers, which can coordinate to metal or metal-oxo centers so as to yield stable, crystalline frameworks. Photoexcitations in such chromophore-based MOFs are surveyed, with a special emphasis on light-switchable MOFs from photochromic molecules. The conventional powder form of MOFs obtained using solvothermal approaches carries certain disadvantages for optical applications, such as limited efficiency resulting from absorption and light scattering caused by the (micrometer-sized) powder particles. How these problems can be avoided by using MOF thin films is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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40
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Li Q, Gies J, Yu XJ, Gu Y, Terfort A, Kind M. Concentration-Dependent Seeding as a Strategy for Fabrication of Densely Packed Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks (SURMOF) Layers. Chemistry 2020; 26:5185-5189. [PMID: 32150305 PMCID: PMC7217006 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) method is a well‐established method for the growth of surface‐attached metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs). Various experimental parameters, such as surface functionalization or temperature, have been identified as essential in the past. In this study, inspired by these recent insights regarding the LbL SURMOF growth mechanism, the impact of reactant solutions concentration on LbL growth of the Cu2(F4bdc)2(dabco) SURMOF (F4bdc2−=tetrafluorobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate and dabco=1,4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2]octane) in situ by using quartz‐crystal microbalance and ex situ with a combination of spectroscopic, diffraction and microscopy techniques was investigated. It was found that number, size, and morphology of MOF crystallites are strongly influenced by the reagent concentration. By adjusting the interplay of nucleation and growth, we were able to produce densely packed, yet thin films, which are highly desired for a variety of SURMOF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joshua Gies
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xiu-Jun Yu
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yu Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for, Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Kind
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
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41
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Abstract
The addition of stimuli-responsiveness to anti-Stokes emission provides a unique platform for biosensing and chemosensing. Particularly, stimuli-responsive photon upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is promising due to its occurrence at low excitation intensity with high efficiency. This Minireview summarizes the recent developments of TTA-UC switching by external stimuli such as temperature, oxygen, chemicals, light, electric field, and mechanical force. For the systematic understanding of the underlying general mechanisms, the switching mechanisms are categorized into four types: 1) aggregation-induced UC; 2) assembly-induced air-stable UC; 3) diffusion-controlled UC; and 4) energy-transfer-controlled UC. The development of stimuli-responsive smart TTA-UC systems would enable sensing with unprecedented sensitivity and selectivity, and expand the scope of TTA-UC photochemistry by combination with supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, mechanochemistry, and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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42
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Wang JY, Luo YH, Xing FH, Jin XW, Guo LH, Zhai LH, Zhang L, Fang WX, Sun BW. Build 3D Nanoparticles by Using Ultrathin 2D MOF Nanosheets for NIR Light-Triggered Molecular Switching. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:15573-15578. [PMID: 32155041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The coordination interactions between transition-metal ions (Cu2+, Ag+) and sulfur atoms on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets of spin-crossover (SCO) metal-organic frameworks {[Fe(1,3-bpp)2(NCS)2]2}n (1,3-bpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane), which constructed the ultrathin 2D nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) nanoparticles, have made a profound effect on the SCO performance. Compared with 2D nanosheets, both the intraligand π-π* transition band and the metal-to-ligand charge transition band from the d(Fe) + π(NCS) to π*(1,3-bpp), for the 3D nanoparticles, have shown dramatic blue-shifts; meanwhile, the d-d transition band for the high-spin (HS) state Fe(II) ions has been generated, suggesting significantly the influence of 3D assemble-caused dimensional changes on the solid-state SCO performance of ultrathin 2D nanosheets. More importantly, by loading on the ytterbium ion (Yb3+)-sensitized hexagonal phase upconverting nanoparticles in the aqueous colloidal suspension, the near infrared (NIR) light (980 nm) triggered HS (high spin) to LS (low spin) state transitions have been observed, demonstrating the achievement of challenging target of NIR light-triggered molecular conversion under environment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Hui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Guo
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Linyi, 276000 Shandong, China
| | - Li-Hai Zhai
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Linyi, 276000 Shandong, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xia Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Wang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
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43
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He L, Ni Q, Mu J, Fan W, Liu L, Wang Z, Li L, Tang W, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Tang L, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zou J, Yang W, Jacobson O, Zhang F, Huang P, Chen X. Solvent-Assisted Self-Assembly of a Metal–Organic Framework Based Biocatalyst for Cascade Reaction Driven Photodynamic Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6822-6832. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangcan He
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Qianqian Ni
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jing Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wenpei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yaya Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Longguang Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Weijing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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44
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Shao Y, Liu B, Di Z, Zhang G, Sun LD, Li L, Yan CH. Engineering of Upconverted Metal-Organic Frameworks for Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Combinational Photodynamic/Chemo-/Immunotherapy against Hypoxic Tumors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3939-3946. [PMID: 31968933 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential as nanophotosensitizers (nPSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The use of such MOFs in PDT, however, is limited by the shallow depth of tissue penetration of short-wavelength light and the oxygen-dependent mechanism that renders it inadequate for hypoxic tumors. Here, to combat such limitations, we rationally designed core-shell upconversion nanoparticle@porphyrinic MOFs (UCSs) for combinational therapy against hypoxic tumors. The UCSs were synthesized in high yield through the conditional surface engineering of UCNPs and subsequent seed-mediated growth strategy. The heterostructure allows efficient energy transfer from the UCNP core to the MOF shell, which enables the near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. A hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) was encapsulated in nanopores of the MOF shell of the heterostructures to yield the final construct TPZ/UCSs. We demonstrated that TPZ/UCSs represent a promising system for achieving improved cancer treatment in vitro and in vivo via the combination of NIR light-induced PDT and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy. Furthermore, the integration of the nanoplatform with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (α-PD-L1) treatment promotes the abscopal effect to completely inhibit the growth of untreated distant tumors by generating specific tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. Collectively, this work highlights a robust nanoplatform for combining NIR light-triggered PDT and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy with immunotherapy to combat the current limitations of tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Bei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhenghan Di
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Lab in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Lab in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China.,College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Lab in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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45
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Gharaati S, Wang C, Förster C, Weigert F, Resch‐Genger U, Heinze K. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in a MOF with Acceptor-Filled Channels. Chemistry 2020; 26:1003-1007. [PMID: 31670422 PMCID: PMC7027809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion has enjoyed increased interest in the last years due to its high potential for solar-energy harvesting and bioimaging. A challenge for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) processes is to realize these features in solid materials without undesired phase segregation and detrimental dye aggregation. To achieve this, we combine a palladium porphyrin sensitizer and a 9,10-diphenylanthracene annihilator within a crystalline mesoporous metal-organic framework using an inverted design. In this modular TTA system, the framework walls constitute the fixed sensitizer, while caprylic acid coats the channels providing a solventlike environment for the mobile annihilator in the channels. The resulting solid material shows green-to-blue delayed upconverted emission with a luminescence lifetime of 373±5 μs, a threshold value of 329 mW cm-2 and a triplet-triplet energy transfer efficiency of 82 %. The versatile design allows straightforward changing of the acceptor amount and type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Gharaati
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for, Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Str. 1112489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Florian Weigert
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for, Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Str. 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for, Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Str. 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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46
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Perego J, Pedrini J, Bezuidenhout CX, Sozzani PE, Meinardi F, Bracco S, Comotti A, Monguzzi A. Engineering Porous Emitting Framework Nanoparticles with Integrated Sensitizers for Low-Power Photon Upconversion by Triplet Fusion. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1903309. [PMID: 31441141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of low-energy light into photons of higher energy based on sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (sTTA) upconversion is emerging as the most promising wavelength-shifting methodology because it operates efficiently at excitation powers as low as the solar irradiance. However, the production of solid-state upconverters suited for direct integration in devices is still an ongoing challenge owing to the difficulties concerning the organization of two complementary moieties, the triplet sensitizer, and the annihilator, which must interact efficiently. This problem is solved by fabricating porous fluorescent nanoparticles wherein the emitters are integrated into robust covalent architectures. These emitting porous aromatic framework (ePAF) nanoparticles allow intimate interaction with the included metallo-porphyrin as triplet sensitizers. Remarkably, the high concentration of framed chromophores ensures hopping-mediated triplet diffusion required for TTA, yet the low density of the framework promotes their high optical features without quenching effects, typical of the solid state. A green-to-blue photon upconversion yield as high as 15% is achieved: a record performance among annihilators in a condensed phase. Furthermore, the engineered ePAF architecture containing covalently linked sensitizers produces full-fledge solid-state bicomponent particles that behave as autonomous nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pedrini
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Charl X Bezuidenhout
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Piero E Sozzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
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47
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Liu X, Wang K, Chang Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao YS, Bu X. Engineering Donor–Acceptor Heterostructure Metal–Organic Framework Crystals for Photonic Logic Computation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13890-13896. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ting Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ze Chang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Hui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xian‐He Bu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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Liu X, Wang K, Chang Z, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao YS, Bu X. Engineering Donor–Acceptor Heterostructure Metal–Organic Framework Crystals for Photonic Logic Computation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ting Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ze Chang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Hui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xian‐He Bu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute for Advanced MaterialsTKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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Schlachter A, Bonnot A, Fortin D, Karsenti PL, Knorr M, Harvey PD. Unusual triplet-triplet annihilation in a 3D copper(i) chloride coordination polymer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16538-16548. [PMID: 31313776 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new coordination polymer (CP) defined as [Cu2Cl2(EtS(CH2)4SEt)4]n (CP2) was prepared by reacting EtS(CH2)4SEt with CuCl in acetonitrile in a 1 : 2 stoichiometric ratio. The X-ray structure reveals formation of non-porous 3D material composed of parallel 2D-[Cu2Cl2S2]n layers of Cl-bridged Cu2(μ-Cl)2 rhomboids assembled by EtS(CH2)4SEt ligands. A weak triplet emission (Φe < 0.0001) is observed in the 400-500 nm range with τe of 0.93 (298 K) and 3.5 ns (77 K) as major components. CP2 is the only 2nd example of emissive thioether/CuCl-containing material and combined DFT/TDDFT computations suggest the presence of lowest energy M/XLCT excited states. Upon increasing the photon flux (i.e. laser power), a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is induced with quenching time constants of 72 ps (kQ = 1.3 × 1010 s-1) and 1.0 ns (kQ = 7.1 × 108 s-1) at 298 and 77 K, respectively, proceeding through an excitation energy migration operating via a Dexter process. Two distinct (Io)1/2 (Io = laser power) dependences of the emission intensity are depicted, indicating saturation as the observed emission increases with the excitation flux. These findings differ from that previously reported isomorphous CP [Cu2Br2(μ-EtS(CH2)4SEt)4]n (CP1), which exhibits no TTA behaviour at 77 K, and only one (laser power)2 dependence at 298 K. The ∼18-fold increase in kQ upon warming CP2 from 77 to 298 K indicates a temperature-aided TTA process. The significant difference between the presence (slower, CP2) and absence (CP1) of TTA at 77 K is explained by the larger unit cell contraction of the former upon cooling. This is noticeable by the larger change in inter-rhomboid CuCu separation for CP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Schlachter
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Antoine Bonnot
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Paul-Ludovic Karsenti
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Michael Knorr
- Institut UTINAM UMR CNRS 6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Pierre D Harvey
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Abulikemu A, Sakagami Y, Heck C, Kamada K, Sotome H, Miyasaka H, Kuzuhara D, Yamada H. Solid-State, Near-Infrared to Visible Photon Upconversion via Triplet-Triplet Annihilation of a Binary System Fabricated by Solution Casting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:20812-20819. [PMID: 31145592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) from near-infrared (NIR, 785 nm) to visible (yellow, centered at 570 nm) regions has been demonstrated in the binary solid of condensed chromophores. Microparticles of the binary solid comprising rubrene as a matrix (emitter) and π-extended Pd-porphyrin as a dopant (sensitizer) in a mole ratio of 1000:1 were obtained by solution casting. Excitation intensity dependence and quantum yield (QY) of the upconverted emission were characterized for individual particles under a microscope and revealed a low threshold intensity (∼100 mW/cm2) as compared to the solution and moderate UC-QY (∼0.5%) in the NIR range. The factors contributing to the UC-QY were investigated by time-resolved and steady-state spectroscopies. It was found that the intersystem crossing of the sensitizer, triplet energy transfer, and TTA occurred efficiently in the binary solid, and the fluorescence QY of the emitter governed the UC-QY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizitiaili Abulikemu
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Ikeda , Osaka 563-8577 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakagami
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Ikeda , Osaka 563-8577 , Japan
| | - Claire Heck
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Ikeda , Osaka 563-8577 , Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Ikeda , Osaka 563-8577 , Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering , Iwate University , Morioka , Iwate 020-8551 , Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
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