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Saleem U, Jamil R, Nadeem H, Ahmed H, Abdelmohse SAM, Alanazi MM, Iqbal J. Sensing potential of C 6N 8 for ammonia (NH 3) and nitrogen triflouride (NF 3): A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108701. [PMID: 38194862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The detection of toxic gases (NH3 and NF3) in regulating and monitoring air quality in the atmosphere has drawn a lot of attention. Herein, we explored a novel material (C6N8) for the detection of the important but toxic gases (NH3 and NF3). We investigated the interactions of the NH3 and NF3 with C6N8 through DFT at B3LYP, ωB97XD, and non-DFT M06-2X. Counterpoise interaction energy values (Eint. cp.) of NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8 are -0.45 eV and -3.51 eV (for B3LYP), -0.42 eV and 2.11 eV (for ωB97XD) and -0.44 eV and -3.41eV (for M06-2X), respectively. Complexes having the most stable configurations were then subjected to further analyses including frontier molecular orbitals, H-L gap, and conductivity of complexes. An increase in the H-L gap in complexes (NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8) is observed. The conductivity of NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8 decreases as compared to C6N8. A considerable change in dipole moment was seen in C6N8 before and after complex formation. This is because of the shifting of charge between C6N8 and gases (NH3 and NF3). CHELPG and NBO charge analysis were used to evaluate the amount of charge transfer between C6N8 and gases. These analyses demonstrate that NH3 and NF3 withdraw electron density from C6N8. It was found that NH3 tends to be physically adsorbed on C6N8 while NF3 adsorbs chemically on C6N8. NCI and QTAIM analyses were performed to investigate the kind of interactions between the surface (C6N8) and gases (NH3 and NF3). Furthermore, the recovery time of NH3@C6N8 and NF3@C6N8 shows that C6N8 can be a better choice for sensing NH3 and NF3 gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafsah Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohse
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meznah M Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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2
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Ghosh A, Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A. Computational Assessment of the Biocompatibility of Two-Dimensional g-C 3N 3 Toward Lipid Membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:8213-8227. [PMID: 38334725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the most recent additions to the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, graphitic C3N3 (g-C3N3), has been considered a viable contender for biomedical applications, although its potential toxicity remains elusive. We perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to decipher the interactions between model lipid membranes and g-C3N3 as a first step toward exploring the cytotoxicity induced at the nanoscale. We show that g-C3N3 can easily insert into the cellular membranes following a multistage mechanism consisting of simultaneous desolvation of the 2D material along with enrichment of nanomaterial-lipid interactions. Free energy calculations indicate that g-C3N3 is more stable in a membrane-bound state compared to an aqueous solution; however, the insertion of the material does not disturb the structural integrity of lipid membranes. After being inserted into a membrane, g-C3N3 is unlikely to be released into the cellular environment and is incapable of extracting lipid molecules from the membrane. The nature of interaction between the 2D material and membranes is found to be independent of the nanomaterial size. Also, the performance of g-C3N3 toward biomolecular delivery is shown to be significantly improved compared to the state-of-the-art 2D materials graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). It is revealed that, the affinity of g-C3N3 toward lipid membranes is weaker compared to the nanotoxic graphene and h-BN, while being marginally higher than h2D-C2N, which in turn, increases the biocompatibility of the material, thereby brightening its future as a noncytotoxic material for forthcoming biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Titas Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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3
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Chu X, Luan BB, Huang AX, Zhao Y, Guo H, Ning Y, Cheng H, Zhang G, Zhang FM. Controlled synthesis of 2D-2D conductive metal-organic framework/g-C 3N 4 heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2534-2540. [PMID: 38234156 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Designing photocatalysts with efficient charge separation and electron transport capabilities to achieve efficient visible-driven hydrogen production remains a challenge. Herein, 2D-2D conductive metal-organic framework/g-C3N4 heterojunctions were successfully prepared by an in situ assembly. Compared to pristine g-C3N4, the ratio-optimized Ni-CAT-1/g-C3N4 exhibits approximately 3.6 times higher visible-light H2 production activity, reaching 14 mmol g-1. Through investigations using time-resolved photoluminescence, surface photovoltage, and wavelength-dependent photocurrent action spectroscopies, it is determined that the improved photocatalytic performance is attributed to enhanced charge transfer and separation, specifically the efficient transfer of excited high-energy-level electrons from g-C3N4 to Ni-CAT in the heterojunctions. Furthermore, the high electrical conductivity of Ni-CAT enables rapid electron transport, contributing to the overall enhanced performance. This work provides a feasible strategy to construct efficient dimension-matched g-C3N4-based heterojunction photocatalysts with high-efficiency charge separation for solar-driven H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
- Yongkang Jiaxiao Electric Welding Automation Equipment Co. Ltd, Jinhua 321000, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Bing Luan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Ao-Xiang Huang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yongkuo Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Ning
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Haojian Cheng
- Yongkang Jiaxiao Electric Welding Automation Equipment Co. Ltd, Jinhua 321000, P. R. China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Feng-Ming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
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4
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Yu J, Cai M, Cheng Q, Chen F, Bai JQ, Wei Y, Chen J, Sun S. Understanding the Poly (Triazine Imide) Crystals Formation Process: The Conversion from Heptazine to Triazine. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302982. [PMID: 38031382 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly (triazine imide) (PTI) generally obtained via ionothermal synthesis features extended π-conjugation and enhanced crystallinity. However, in-depth investigation of the polycondensation process for PTI is an onerous task due to multiple influencing factors and limited characterization techniques. Herein, to simplify the polymerization route and exclude non-essential factors, PTI was prepared by calcining only melamine and LiCl. This study aims to identify the pivotal role of LiCl in PTI formation, which can convert heptazine-based intermediates into more stable triazine-based PTI framework. Based on this discovery, we demonstrate the transformation process of the prepared samples from amorphous Bulk g-C3 N4 to regular PTI, and further prove that the reaction with LiCl causes disruption of heptazine covalent organic frameworks. Additionally, the PTI exhibits higher photocatalytic water splitting performance due to efficient charge carrier mobility and separation, as well as faster reaction kinetics. This discovery deepens understanding of the polycondensation process of PTI crystals and provides insights toward the rational design of crystalline carbon nitride-based semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengdie Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Qi Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxue Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingshuai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Song Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
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5
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Song Z, Hou J, Raguin E, Pedersen A, Eren EO, Senokos E, Tarakina NV, Giusto P, Antonietti M. Triazine-Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride Thin Film as a Homogeneous Interphase for Lithium Storage. ACS Nano 2024; 18:2066-2076. [PMID: 38193893 PMCID: PMC10811665 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride is a semiconductor material constituted of cross-linked triazine units, which differs from widely reported heptazine-based carbon nitrides. Its triazine-based structure gives rise to significantly different physical chemical properties from the latter. However, it is still a great challenge to experimentally synthesize this material. Here, we propose a synthesis strategy via vapor-metal interfacial condensation on a planar copper substrate to realize homogeneous growth of triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride films over large surfaces. The triazine-based motifs are clearly shown in transmission electron microscopy with high in-plane crystallinity. An AB-stacking arrangement of the layers is orientationlly parallel to the substrate surface. Eventually, the as-prepared films show dense electrochemical lithium deposition attributed to homogeneous charge transport within this thin film interphase, making it a promising solution for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Song
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Jing Hou
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Emeline Raguin
- Biomaterials
Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids
and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Angus Pedersen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K.
| | - Enis Oǧuzhan Eren
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Evgeny Senokos
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Nadezda V. Tarakina
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Paolo Giusto
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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6
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Luo M, Cai X, Ni Y, Chen Y, Guo C, Wang H. From Porphyrin-Like Rings to High-Density Single-Atom Catalytic Sites: Unveiling the Superiority of p-C 2N for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:807-818. [PMID: 38143306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
With effective utilization of the catalytic site, single-atom catalysts (SACs) supported by nitrogen atoms surrounding built-in pores of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as porphyrin/phthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks, have been highly promising electrocatalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) processes for the air electrode of the metal-air battery. However, the number of stable single-atom anchoring sites, i.e., accessible single-atom metal sites, has been concerning as a result of the appearance of heterogeneous or large and even supersized pores in substrate materials. 2D porous graphitic carbon nitride (PGCN) with a stronger stability and smaller component is regarded as a more potential alternative owing to similar controllability and designability. In this work, inspired by the robust coordinated TM-N4 environment of porphyrin/phthalocyanine molecules, novel p-C2N with a high density of porphyrin-like organic units is rationally designed. In well-designed p-C2N, a higher homogeneity and uniformity of coordination sites can enhance the electrocatalytic activity in the whole catalytic material and better prevent SACs from sintering and agglomerating into thermodynamically stable nanoclusters. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT), the stability of the p-C2N monolayer, TM@p-C2N, and OER/ORR catalytic activities of TM@p-C2N (TM including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au) are systematically evaluated. Among them, Ir@p-C2N (0.31 V of the OER and 0.36 V of the ORR), Co@p-C2N (0.47 and 0.22 V), and Rh@p-C2N (0.55 and 0.27 V) are screened as promising SACs for the bifunctional ORR and OER. The proposal of p-C2N guides a new direction for the development of TM-N-C-based SAC bifunctional electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Luo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyong Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis 08-03, Singapore 13863, Singapore
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
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7
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Hou S, Gao X, Lv X, Zhao Y, Yin X, Liu Y, Fang J, Yu X, Ma X, Ma T, Su D. Decade Milestone Advancement of Defect-Engineered g-C 3N 4 for Solar Catalytic Applications. Nanomicro Lett 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38175329 PMCID: PMC10766942 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C3N4 is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the "all-in-one" defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultra-active coordinated environment (M-Nx, M-C2N2, M-O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra (fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C3N4 "customization", motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C3N4-based photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Hou
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Gao
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyue Lv
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xitao Yin
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hogo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Dawei Su
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Beyranvand F, Khosravi A, Zabihi F, Nemati M, Gholami MF, Tavakol M, Beyranvand S, Satari S, Rabe JP, Salimi A, Cheng C, Adeli M. Synthesis of Chiral Triazine Frameworks for Enantiodiscrimination. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:56213-56222. [PMID: 37992272 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the structure of covalent organic frameworks at the molecular level is an efficient strategy to shift their biological, physicochemical, optical, and electrical properties in the desired windows. In this work, we report on a new method to construct chiral triazine frameworks using metal-driven polymerization for enantiodiscrimination. The nucleophilic substitution reaction between melamine and cyanuric chloride was performed in the presence of PdCl2, ZnCl2, and CuCl2 as chirality-directing agents. Palladium, with the ability of planar complex formation, was able to assemble monomers in two-dimensions and drive the reaction in two directions, leading to a two-dimensional triazine network with several micrometers lateral size. Nonplanar arrangements of monomers in the presence of ZnCl2 and CuCl2, however, resulted in calix and bouquet structures, respectively. While 2D and bouquet structures showed strong negative and positive bands in the CD spectra, respectively, their calix counterparts displayed long-range weak negative bands. In spite of the ability of both calix and bouquet networks to load l-histidine 35 and 50% more than d-histidine from pure enantiomers, respectively, only calix counterparts were able to take up this enantiomer (78%) from the racemic mixture. The two-dimensional polytriazine network did not show any specific interactions with pure enantiomers or their racemic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Beyranvand
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Armaghan Khosravi
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Zabihi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Nemati
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fardin Gholami
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahdi Tavakol
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Research Centre, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, H91-TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Siamak Beyranvand
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Satari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Zhang Y, Cao Q, Meng A, Wu X, Xiao Y, Su C, Zhang Q. Molecular Heptazine-Triazine Junction over Carbon Nitride Frameworks for Artificial Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2306831. [PMID: 37775094 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the photocatalytic mechanism between various junctions and catalytic activities has become a hotspot in photocatalytic systems. Herein, an internal molecular heptazine/triazine (H/T) junction in crystalline carbon nitride (HTCN) is constructed and devoted to selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) for efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production. In-situ X-ray diffraction spectra under various temperatures authenticate the successful formation of molecular H/T junction in HTCN during the calcining process rather than physically mixing. The increased surface photovoltage and transient photovoltage signals, and the decreased exciton binding energy undoubtably elucidate that an obvious increasement of carrier density and diffusion capability of photogenerated electrons are realized over HTCN. Additionally, the analyses of in situ photoirradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy and femto-second transient absorption spectra reveal the successful construction of the strong internal built-in-electric field and the existence of the majority of long-lived shallow trapped electrons associated with molecular H/T junction over HTCN, respectively. Benefiting from these, the photocatalytic results exhibit an incredible improvement (96.5-fold) for H2 O2 production. This novel work provides a comprehensive understanding of the long-lived reactive charges in molecular H/T junctions for strengthening the driving-force for photocatalytic H2 O2 production, which opens potential applications for enhancing PCN-based photocatalytic redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Qingxiang Cao
- College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Aiyun Meng
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Xiao
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qitao Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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10
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Wilding MC, Benmore C, Headen TF, Di Mino C, Miller TS, Suter TM, Corà F, Clancy AJ, Sella A, McMillan P, Howard CA. The local ordering of polar solvents around crystalline carbon nitride nanosheets in solution. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220337. [PMID: 37691462 PMCID: PMC10493548 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline graphitic carbon nitride, poly-triazine imide (PTI) is highly unusual among layered materials since it is spontaneously soluble in aprotic, polar solvents including dimethylformamide (DMF). The PTI material consists of layers of carbon nitride intercalated with LiBr. When dissolved, the resulting solutions consist of dissolved, luminescent single to multilayer nanosheets of around 60-125 nm in diameter and Li+ and Br- ions originating from the intercalating salt. To understand this unique solubility, the structure of these solutions has been investigated by high-energy X-ray and neutron diffraction. Although the diffraction patterns are dominated by inter-solvent correlations there are clear differences between the X-ray diffraction data of the PTI solution and the solvent in the 4-6 Å-1 range, with real space differences persisting to at least 10 Å. Structural modelling using both neutron and X-ray datasets as a constraint reveal the formation of distinct, dense solvation shells surrounding the nanoparticles with a layer of Br-close to the PTI-solvent interface. This solvent ordering provides a configuration that is energetically favourable underpinning thermodynamically driven PTI dissolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Wilding
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Chris Benmore
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Thomas F. Headen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Camilla Di Mino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas S. Miller
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Theo M. Suter
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Furio Corà
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adam J. Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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11
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Kumar P, Singh G, Guan X, Lee J, Bahadur R, Ramadass K, Kumar P, Kibria MG, Vidyasagar D, Yi J, Vinu A. Multifunctional carbon nitride nanoarchitectures for catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7602-7664. [PMID: 37830178 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis is at the heart of modern-day chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and there is an urgent demand to develop metal-free, high surface area, and efficient catalysts in a scalable, reproducible and economic manner. Amongst the ever-expanding two-dimensional materials family, carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as the most researched material for catalytic applications due to its unique molecular structure with tunable visible range band gap, surface defects, basic sites, and nitrogen functionalities. These properties also endow it with anchoring capability with a large number of catalytically active sites and provide opportunities for doping, hybridization, sensitization, etc. To make considerable progress in the use of CN as a highly effective catalyst for various applications, it is critical to have an in-depth understanding of its synthesis, structure and surface sites. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in synthetic approaches of CN, its physicochemical properties, and band gap engineering, with a focus on its exclusive usage in a variety of catalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reactions, overall water splitting, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction reactions, pollutant degradation, and organocatalysis. While the structural design and band gap engineering of catalysts are elaborated, the surface chemistry is dealt with in detail to demonstrate efficient catalytic performances. Burning challenges in catalytic design and future outlook are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rohan Bahadur
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Lisowska K, Purser W, Chang F, Suter TM, Miller TS, Sella A, Howard CA, McMillan PF, Corà F, Clancy AJ. Amphoteric dissolution of two-dimensional polytriazine imide carbon nitrides in water. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220339. [PMID: 37691463 PMCID: PMC10493549 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline two-dimensional carbon nitrides with polytriazine imide (PTI) structure are shown to act amphoterically, buffering both HCl and NaOH aqueous solutions, resulting in charged PTI layers that dissolve spontaneously in their aqueous media, particularly for the alkaline solutions. This provides a low energy, green route to their scalable solution processing. Protonation in acid is shown to occur at pyridinic nitrogens, stabilized by adjacent triazines, whereas deprotonation in base occurs primarily at basal plane NH bridges, although NH2 edge deprotonation is competitive. We conclude that mildly acidic or basic pHs are necessary to provide sufficient net charge on the nanosheets to promote dissolution, while avoiding high ion concentrations which screen the repulsion of like-charged PTI sheets in solution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Lisowska
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
| | - Will Purser
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
| | - Fuqiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
| | - Theo M. Suter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Thomas S. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
| | | | - Paul F. McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
| | - Furio Corà
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
| | - Adam J. Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London,London WC1E 0AJ, UK
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13
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Chen X, Liu Z, Cheng J, Li J, Guo D, Zhang L, Niu X, Wang N, Wang G, Gao P. First-principles study of Li-doped planar g-C 3N 5 as reversible H 2 storage material. Front Chem 2023; 11:1301690. [PMID: 38025073 PMCID: PMC10630162 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1301690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Under the background of energy crisis, hydrogen owns the advantage of high combustion and shows considerable environment friendliness; however, to fully utilize this novel resource, the major hurdle lies in its delivery and storage. The development of the in-depth yet systematical methodology for two-dimensional (2D) storage media evaluation still remains to be challenging for computational scientists. In this study, we tried our proposed evaluation protocol on a 2D material, g-C3N5, and its hydrogen storage performance was characterized; and with addition of Li atoms, the changes of its electronical and structural properties were detected. First-principles simulations were conducted to verify its thermodynamics stability; and, its hydrogen adsorption capacity was investigated qualitatively. We found that the charges of the added Li atoms were transferred to the adjacent nitrogen atoms from g-C3N5, with the formation of chemical interactions. Thus, the isolated metallic sites tend to show considerable electropositivity, and can easily polarize the adsorbed hydrogen molecules, and the electrostatic interactions can be enhanced correspondingly. The maximum storage capacity of each primitive cell can be as high as 20 hydrogen molecules with a gravimetric capacity of 8.65 wt%, which surpasses the 5.5 wt% target set by the U.S. Department of Energy. The average adsorption energy is ranged from -0.22 to -0.13 eV. We conclude that the complex 2D material, Li-decorated g-C3N5 (Li@C3N5), can serve as a promising media for hydrogen storage. This methodology provided in this study is fundamental yet instructive for future 2D hydrogen storage materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zonghang Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Donglin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Electric and Electrical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xianghong Niu
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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14
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Mengesha DN, Shiferraw BT, Kim H. Modification of the electronic structure of g-C 3N 4 using urea to enhance the visible light-assisted degradation of organic pollutants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:102910-102926. [PMID: 37676452 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride has been proven to be a good candidate for using solar energy for photo-induced pollutant degradation. However, the high photo-induced holes-electron recombination rate, unfavorable morphology, and textural properties limited their application. In this study, we present a novel g-C3N4 with a novel electronic structure and physiochemical properties by introducing a single nitrogen in the graphitic network of the g-C3N4 through a novel method involving step-by-step co-polycondensation of melamine and urea. Through extensive characterization using techniques such as XPS, UPS-XPS, Raman, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption, we analyze the electronic and crystallographic properties, as well as the morphology and textural features of the newly prepared g-C3N4 (N-g-C3N4). This material exhibits a lower C/N ratio of 0.62 compared to conventional g-C3N4 and a reduced band gap of 2.63 eV. The newly prepared g-C3N4 demonstrates a distinct valance band maxima that enhances its photo-induced oxidation potential, improving photocatalytic activity in degrading various organic pollutants. We thoroughly investigate the photocatalytic degradation performance of N-g-C3N4 for Congo red (CR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and removal of up to 90 and 86% was attained after 2 h at solution pH of 5.5 for CR and SMX. The influence of different parameters was examined to understand the degradation mechanism and the influence of reactive oxygenated species. The catalytic performance is also evaluated in the degradation of various organic pollutants, and it showed a good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Mengesha
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bezawit T Shiferraw
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Hern Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Moreira Da Silva C, Vallet M, Semion C, Blin T, Saint-Martin R, Leroy J, Dragoé D, Brisset F, Gillet C, Guillot R, Huc V. A simple and efficient process for the synthesis of 2D carbon nitrides and related materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15423. [PMID: 37723176 PMCID: PMC10507022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here a new process for the synthesis of very high quality 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), such a C2N and CN carbon nitrides. This process relies on the use of a metallic surface as both a reagent and a support for the coupling of small halogenated building blocks. The conditions of the assembly reaction are chosen so as to leave the inorganic salts by-products on the surface, to further confine the assembly reaction on the surface and increase the quality of the 2D layers. We found that under these conditions, the process directly returns few layers material. The structure/quality of these materials is demonstrated by extensive cross-characterizations at different scales, combining optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The availability of such very large, high-quality layers of these materials opens interesting perspectives, for example in photochemistry and electronics (intrinsic transport properties, high gap substrate for graphene, etc...).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Moreira Da Silva
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Vallet
- École Centrale Sup'Élec, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Clément Semion
- ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtillon, 92322, France
| | - Thomas Blin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Romuald Saint-Martin
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jocelyne Leroy
- CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Diana Dragoé
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - François Brisset
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Cynthia Gillet
- CNRS-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Huc
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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16
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Ji S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lin W. Computational screening of high activity and selectivity of CO 2 reduction via transition metal single-atom catalysts on triazine-based graphite carbon nitride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24022-24030. [PMID: 37650553 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are emerging as promising catalysts in the field of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Herein, a series of 3d to 5d transition metal atoms supported on triazine-based graphite carbon nitride (TM@TGCN) as a CO2 reduction catalyst are studied via density functional theory computations. Eventually, four TM@TGCN catalysts (TM = Ni, Rh, Os, and Ir) are selected using a five-step screening method, in which Rh@TGCN and Ni@TGCN show a low limiting potential of -0.48 and -0.58 V, respectively, for reducing CO2 to CH4. The activity mechanism shows that the catalysts with a negative d-band center and optimal positive charge can improve the CO2RR performance. Our study provides theoretical guidance for the rational design of highly active and selective catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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17
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Krinninger M, Bock N, Kaiser S, Reich J, Bruhm T, Haag F, Allegretti F, Heiz U, Köhler K, Lechner BAJ, Esch F. On-Surface Carbon Nitride Growth from Polymerization of 2,5,8-Triazido- s-heptazine. Chem Mater 2023; 35:6762-6770. [PMID: 37719034 PMCID: PMC10500973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides have recently come into focus for photo- and thermal catalysis, both as support materials for metal nanoparticles as well as photocatalysts themselves. While many approaches for the synthesis of three-dimensional carbon nitride materials are available, only top-down approaches by exfoliation of powders lead to thin-film flakes of this inherently two-dimensional material. Here, we describe an in situ on-surface synthesis of monolayer 2D carbon nitride films as a first step toward precise combination with other 2D materials. Starting with a single monomer precursor, we show that 2,5,8-triazido-s-heptazine can be evaporated intact, deposited on a single crystalline Au(111) or graphite support, and activated via azide decomposition and subsequent coupling to form a covalent polyheptazine network. We demonstrate that the activation can occur in three pathways, via electrons (X-ray illumination), via photons (UV illumination), and thermally. Our work paves the way to coat materials with extended carbon nitride networks that are, as we show, stable under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krinninger
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Functional Nanomaterials
Group, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Nicolas Bock
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kaiser
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Johanna Reich
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Functional Nanomaterials
Group, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruhm
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Professorship
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Felix Haag
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair of Experimental
Physics (E20), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair of Experimental
Physics (E20), Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Ueli Heiz
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Klaus Köhler
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Professorship
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Barbara A. J. Lechner
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Functional Nanomaterials
Group, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 2a, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Friedrich Esch
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Physical
Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
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18
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Burmeister D, Eljarrat A, Guerrini M, Röck E, Plaickner J, Koch CT, Banerji N, Cocchi C, List-Kratochvil EJW, Bojdys MJ. On the non-bonding valence band and the electronic properties of poly(triazine imide), a graphitic carbon nitride. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6269-6277. [PMID: 37325148 PMCID: PMC10266476 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitrides are covalently-bonded, layered, and crystalline semiconductors with high thermal and oxidative stability. These properties make graphitic carbon nitrides potentially useful in overcoming the limitations of 0D molecular and 1D polymer semiconductors. In this contribution, we study structural, vibrational, electronic and transport properties of nano-crystals of poly(triazine-imide) (PTI) derivatives with intercalated Li- and Br-ions and without intercalates. Intercalation-free poly(triazine-imide) (PTI-IF) is corrugated or AB stacked and partially exfoliated. We find that the lowest energy electronic transition in PTI is forbidden due to a non-bonding uppermost valence band and that its electroluminescence from the π-π* transition is quenched which severely limits their use as emission layer in electroluminescent devices. THz conductivity in nano-crystalline PTI is up to eight orders of magnitude higher than the macroscopic conductivity of PTI films. We find that the charge carrier density of PTI nano-crystals is among the highest of all known intrinsic semiconductors, however, macroscopic charge transport in films of PTI is limited by disorder at crystal-crystal interfaces. Future device applications of PTI will benefit most from single crystal devices that make use of electron transport in the lowest, π-like conduction band.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Burmeister
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 6 12489 Germany
| | - Alberto Eljarrat
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof Zum Großen Windkanal 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Michele Guerrini
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof Zum Großen Windkanal 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Eva Röck
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Julian Plaickner
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof Zum Großen Windkanal 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph T Koch
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 6 12489 Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof Zum Großen Windkanal 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof Zum Großen Windkanal 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Emil J W List-Kratochvil
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 6 12489 Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, IRIS Adlershof Zum Großen Windkanal 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 6 12489 Germany
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19
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Sakhraoui T. Effect of vacancy defect and strain on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of carbon nitride 2D monolayers by DFTB method. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35. [PMID: 37183456 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acd293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of CnNm(C6N6, C2N, C3N and C3N4) using density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. We find that these compounds are dynamically stable and their electronic band gaps are in the range of 0.59-3.28 eV. We show that the electronic structure is modulated by strain and the semiconducting behavior is well preserved except for C3N at +5% biaxial strain, where a transition from semiconductor to metal was observed. Under +3% biaxial strain, C3N4undergoes a transition from an indirect (K-Γ) to a direct (Γ-Γ) band gap. Moreover, band gap of C2N transforms from direct (Γ-Γ) to indirect (M-Γ) under +4% biaxial strain. However, no change in the nature of the band gap of C6N6. Further, when the studied materials under uniaxial tensile strain, their bandgaps reduce. Our theoretical study showed that an indirect-to-direct nature transition may occur for C6N6and for C3N4, which broadens their applications. On the other hand, magnetism is observed in all N-vacancy defected CnNm, which encourages its application in spintronic. Moreover, calculations of formation energies indicate that N-vacancy is energetically more favorable than C-vacancy in both C2N and C3N4. Opposite behavior found for C6N6and C3N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Sakhraoui
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. Dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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20
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Negro P, Cesano F, Casassa S, Scarano D. Combined DFT-D3 Computational and Experimental Studies on g-C 3N 4: New Insight into Structure, Optical, and Vibrational Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103644. [PMID: 37241276 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as one of the most promising solar-light-activated polymeric metal-free semiconductor photocatalysts due to its thermal physicochemical stability but also its characteristics of environmentally friendly and sustainable material. Despite the challenging properties of g-C3N4, its photocatalytic performance is still limited by the low surface area, together with the fast charge recombination phenomena. Hence, many efforts have been focused on overcoming these drawbacks by controlling and improving the synthesis methods. With regard to this, many structures including strands of linearly condensed melamine monomers, which are interconnected by hydrogen bonds, or highly condensed systems, have been proposed. Nevertheless, complete and consistent knowledge of the pristine material has not yet been achieved. Thus, to shed light on the nature of polymerised carbon nitride structures, which are obtained from the well-known direct heating of melamine under mild conditions, we combined the results obtained from XRD analysis, SEM and AFM microscopies, and UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopies with the data from the Density Functional Theory method (DFT). An indirect band gap and the vibrational peaks have been calculated without uncertainty, thus highlighting a mixture of highly condensed g-C3N4 domains embedded in a less condensed "melon-like" framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Negro
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Cesano
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Casassa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Domenica Scarano
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino & INSTM-UdR Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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21
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Cai X, Chen J, Wang H, Ni Y, Chen Y, King RB. C 3N 2: the missing part of highly stable porous graphitic carbon nitride semiconductors. Nanoscale Horiz 2023; 8:662-673. [PMID: 36912249 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous graphitic carbon nitrides (PGCNs) with semiconducting features have attracted wide attention because of built-in pores with various active sites, large surface area, and high physicochemical stability. However, only a few PGCNs have been synthesized, covering a 1.23-3.18 eV band gap. We systematically investigate two new 2D PGCN monolayers, T-C3N2 and H-C3N2, including possible pathways for their experimental synthesis. Based on first-principles calculations, the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of T-C3N2 and H-C3N2 have been systematically investigated. These two architectural frameworks exhibit contrasting mechanical characteristics owing to their structural differences. Both T-C3N2 and H-C3N2 monolayers are predicted to be intrinsic semiconductors. Exceptionally, the stacking bilayers of T-C3N2 can transform into a rare 2D nodal-line semimetal structure. The narrow bandgap (0.35 eV) of the T-C3N2 monolayer and its extraordinary transformation in the bilayer electronic structure fill the vacancy of PGCNs as electronic devices in the middle/long wave infrared region. C3N2 structures possess ultrahigh anisotropic carrier mobilities (×104 cm2 V-1 s-1) and exceptional absorption coefficients (×105 cm-1) in the near-infrared and visible light regions, suggesting its possible optoelectronic applications. The findings expand the scope of 2D PGCNs and offer guides for their experimental realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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22
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Zhu H, Liu S, Yu J, Chen Q, Mao X, Wu T. Computational screening of effective g-C 3N 4 based single atom electrocatalysts for the selective conversion of CO 2. Nanoscale 2023; 15:8416-8423. [PMID: 37093106 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) material-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) have demonstrated their potential in electrochemical reduction reactions but exploring suitable 2D material-based SACs for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) by experiments is still a formidable task. In this study, theoretical screening of transition metal (TM)-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) materials as catalysts for the CO2RR was systematically performed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. An indicator for the selective formation of one carbon (C1) products was developed to screen catalysts that are active and selective in the CO2RR. The results indicated that Ti- and Ag-g-C3N4 demonstrate excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the formation of CO and HCOOH, with limiting potentials of -0.330 and -0.096 V, respectively, while Cr-g-C3N4 exhibits the highest catalytic activity for yielding CH3OH and CH4 (-0.355 and -0.420 V, respectively), but none of the screened catalysts have been identified as ideal candidates for the selective production of CH3OH and CH4. Furthermore, Bader charge analysis suggested that excessive electron transfer from TM leads to stronger adsorption of intermediates and high limiting potentials, which subsequently result in lower catalytic activity. This work provides theoretical insights into the effective screening of active and selective 2D material-based SACs which has the potential to significantly reduce the time and resources required for the discovery of novel electrocatalysts for the controlled formation of various products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo Municipality, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Mechatronics and Energy Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, 315100, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Quhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo Municipality, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xinyi Mao
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo Municipality, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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23
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Liang X, Xue S, Yang C, Ye X, Wang Y, Chen Q, Lin W, Hou Y, Zhang G, Shalom M, Yu Z, Wang X. The Directional Crystallization Process of Poly (triazine imide) Single Crystals in Molten Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216434. [PMID: 36748541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly (triazine imide) photocatalysts prepared via molten salt methods emerge as promising polymer semiconductors with one-step excitation capacity of overall water splitting. Unveiling the molecular conjugation, nucleation, and crystallization processes of PTI crystals is crucial for their controllable structure design. Herein, microscopy characterization was conducted at the PTI crystallization front from meso to nano scales. The heptazine-based precursor was found to depolymerize to triazine monomers within molten salts and KCl cubes precipitate as the leading cores that guide the directional stacking of PTI molecular units to form aggregated crystals. Upon this discovery, PTI crystals with improved dispersibility and enhanced photocatalytic performance were obtained by tailoring the crystallization fronts. This study advances insights into the directional assembling of PTI monomers on salt templates, placing a theoretical foundation for the ordered condensation of polymer crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Sikang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Qidi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry, The Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 8410501 Beer, Sheva, Israel
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108 (P. R., China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Chemical Engineering of China, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362114, P. R. China
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24
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Zaboli A, Raissi H, Farzad F, Hashemzadeh H. The state of art in the prediction of efficiency and modeling of the processes of Benzene removal from water environment. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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25
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An BH, Lee TG, Khan TT, Seo HW, Hwang HJ, Jun YS. Optical and quantitative detection of cobalt ion using graphitic carbon nitride-based chemosensor for hydrometallurgy of waste lithium-ion batteries. Chemosphere 2023; 315:137789. [PMID: 36626953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A hydrometallurgy is one of the most important techniques for recycling waste LIBs, where identifying the exact composition of the metal-leached solution is critical in controlling the metal extraction efficiency and the stoichiometry of the regenerated product. In this study, we report a simple and selective optical detection of high-concentrated Co2+ using a graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-based fluorescent chemosensor. g-CN is prepared by molten salt synthesis using dicyandiamide (DCDA) and LiI/KI. The mass ratio of LiI/KI to DCDA modifies the resulting g-CN (CNI) in terms of in-plane molecular distances of base sites including cyano functional groups (─CN) and fluorescent emission wavelength via nucleophilic substitution. The fluorescent sensing performance of CNIs is evaluated through photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy in a broad Co2+ concentration range (10-4-100 M). The correlation between the surface exposure of hidden nitrogen pots (base sites) and PL intensity change is achieved where the linear relationship between the PL quenching and the logarithm of Co2+ concentration in the analyte solution is well established with the regression of 0.9959. This study will provide the design principle of the chemosensor suitable for the fast and accurate optical detection of Co2+ present in a broad concentration range for hydrometallurgy for the recycling of waste LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Hyeon An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamal Tahsin Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Si Jun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Liu Z, Ma J, Hong M, Sun R. Potassium and Sulfur Dual Sites on Highly Crystalline Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Biorefinery and CO 2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiliang Ma
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Min Hong
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central Queensland 4300, Australia
| | - Runcang Sun
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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27
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Anusuyadevi K, Velmathi S. Design strategies of carbon nanomaterials in fluorescent sensing of biomolecules and metal ions -A review. Results in Chemistry 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
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28
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Lu Y, Han S, Xi Y, Yang S, Zhu T, Niu B, Li F. TiO 2 nanoparticles modified graphitic carbon nitride with potential-resolved multicolor electrochemiluminescence and application for sensitive sensing of rutin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:221-233. [PMID: 36326858 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanocomposites with potential-resolved multicolor electrochemiluminescence (ECL) property have attracted new research interests. Herein, TiO2 nanoparticles modified graphitic carbon nitride (TiO2-NPs/g-C3N4) with inherent potential-resolved multicolor ECL emission was prepared via a simple synthesis method. The morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized TiO2-NPs/g-C3N4 were characterized. The obtained TiO2-NPs/g-C3N4 exhibited dual-peak multicolor ECL emission under cyclic voltammetry scanning by using K2S2O8 as co-reagent. The first ECL peak (ECL-1) is composed of turquoise blue ECL emission (471 nm) located at -1.3 V and olive green ECL emission (490 nm) ranging from -1.4 to -2.0 V. The second ECL peak (ECL-2) is composed of navy blue ECL emission (458 nm) located at -3.0 V. The ECL mechanism for the potential-resolved multicolor ECL emission was proposed. Furthermore, the first ECL imaging sensing method was fabricated for the sensitive quantitative detection of rutin based on the effective quenching effect of rutin on the ECL of TiO2-NPs/g-C3N4. The linear response range is 0.005-400 µM with detection limit as low as 2 nM. This work presents a simple way to prepare g-C3N4-based nanocomposites with potential-resolved multicolor ECL, which broadens the potential applications of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites for ECL imaging sensing and light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yachao Xi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Binhan Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
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29
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Cai J, Chen H, Li Y, Akbarzadeh A. Lessons from Nature for Carbon‐Based Nanoarchitected Metamaterials. Small Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Youjian Li
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H9X 3V9 Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C3 Canada
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30
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Zhang X, Li C, Lan H, Liu Y, Zhao H, Yuan M, Song Y, Li S, Wang L, Liu K. Oxygen-rich ligands tailored for novel metal-organic gel electrocatalyst to promote two-electron selectivity electrocatalysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 624:100-107. [PMID: 35660879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More extensive attention has been garnered about the H2O2 electroproduction via two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR). Aiming to develop a more active, more selective and more stable catalyst, herein we reported an unconventional raw metal-organic gels (MOGs) toward this process. This pioneering work, by ingeniously designing and altering the precursor ligands, achieving precisely controlling the number of oxygen groups (OGs). By elaborately comparing more than 70 samples, uncovered the significance that OGs could sufficiently promote the selectivity for H2O2 electrochemical synthesis through the two-electron pathway (realizing enhancement more than 20% in this work). The most potential Fe0.1Co0.9 MOG (H6L), performing an onset potential of 0.76 V (low overpotential), a high selectivity up to 93% ranging 0.15 V to 0.65 V (large voltage window) and 2.1 electron transfer number (implying the 2e- process dominate). This study, unlike other oxidation treatment, through the precise regulation of precursors, further confirmed the feasibility of oxygen-containing functional groups (OGs) tailoring strategy, providing a possibility for low-cost and efficient potential candidate of 2e- ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Haikuo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuzhuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shaoxiang Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Kang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; Chaofeng Steel Structure Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, China.
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Chi HY, Chen C, Zhao K, Villalobos LF, Schouwink PA, Piveteau L, Marshall KP, Liu Q, Han Y, Agrawal KV. Unblocking Ion-occluded Pore Channels in Poly(triazine imide) Framework for Proton Conduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207457. [PMID: 35906967 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(triazine imide) or PTI is an ordered graphitic carbon nitride hosting Å-scale pores attractive for selective molecular transport. AA'-stacked PTI layers are synthesized by ionothermal route during which ions occupy the framework and occlude the pores. Synthesis of ion-free PTI hosting AB-stacked layers has been reported, however, pores in this configuration are blocked by the neighboring layer. The unavailability of open pore limits application of PTI in molecular transport. Herein, we demonstrate acid treatment for ion depletion which maintains AA' stacking and results in open pore structure. We provide first direct evidence of ion-depleted open pores by imaging with the atomic resolution using integrated differential phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. Depending on the extent of ion-exchange, AA' stacking with open channels and AB stacking with closed channels are obtained and imaged for the first time. The accessibility of open channels is demonstrated by enhanced proton transport through ion depleted PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yu Chi
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kangning Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Luis Francisco Villalobos
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Alexander Schouwink
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), EPFL, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, NMR Platform, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Paul Marshall
- Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av. des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
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32
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Cao Q, Wu X, Zhang Y, Yang B, Ma X, Song J, Zhang J. Potassium-doped carbon nitride: Highly efficient photoredox catalyst for selective oxygen reduction and arylboronic acid hydroxylation. J Catal 2022; 414:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Vosegaard ES, Thomsen MK, Krause L, Grønbech TBE, Mamakhel A, Takahashi S, Nishibori E, Iversen BB. Synchrotron X-ray Electron Density Analysis of Chemical Bonding in the Graphitic Carbon Nitride Precursor Melamine. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201295. [PMID: 35760733 PMCID: PMC9804335 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Melamine is a precursor and building block for graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) materials, a group of layered materials showing great promise for catalytic applications. The synthetic pathway to g-CN includes a polycondensation reaction of melamine by evaporation of ammonia. Melamine molecules in the crystal organize into wave-like planes with an interlayer distance of 3.3 Å similar to that of g-CN. Here we present an extensive investigation of the experimental electron density of melamine obtained from modelling of synchrotron radiation X-ray single-crystal diffraction data measured at 25 K with special focus on the molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions. Both intra- and interlayer structures are dominated by hydrogen bonding and π-interactions. Theoretical gas-phase optimizations of the experimental molecular geometry show that bond lengths and angles for atoms in the same chemical environment (C-N bonds in the ring, amine groups) differ significantly more for the experimental geometry than for the gas-phase-optimized geometries, indicating that intermolecular interactions in the crystal affects the molecular geometry. In the experimental crystal geometry, one amine group has significantly more sp3 -like character than the others, hinting at a possible formation mechanism of g-CN. Topological analysis and energy frameworks show that the nitrogen atom in this amine group participates in weak intralayer hydrogen bonding. We hypothesize that melamine condenses to g-CN within the layers and that the unique amine group plays a key role in the condensation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie S. Vosegaard
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Maja K. Thomsen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Lennard Krause
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Thomas B. E. Grønbech
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Aref Mamakhel
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Seiya Takahashi
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Pure and Applied Sciences andTsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki305-8571Japan
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Pure and Applied Sciences andTsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS)University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki305-8571Japan
| | - Bo B. Iversen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus UniversityLangelandsgade 1408000Aarhus CDenmark
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34
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Miao T, Di X, Hao F, Zheng G, Han Q. Polymeric Carbon Nitride-based Single Atom Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C1 Products. Chem Res Chin Univ. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Habibi-Yangjeh A, Basharnavaz H. Ni/P, Pt/P and Pd/P-modified graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for hydrogen storage application using a DFT investigation. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2124934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Basharnavaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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36
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Mahamiya V, Shukla A, Chakraborty B. Prediction of a novel 2D porous boron nitride material with excellent electronic, optical and catalytic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21009-21019. [PMID: 36000355 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Holey graphyne (HGY) is a recently synthesized two-dimensional semiconducting allotrope of carbon composed of a regular pattern of six- and eight-vertex carbon rings. In this study, based on first-principles density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations, we predict a similar stable porous boron nitride holey graphyne-like structure that we call BN-holey-graphyne (BN-HGY). The dynamical and thermal stability of the structure at room temperature is confirmed by performing calculations of the phonon dispersion relations, and also ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The BN-HGY structure has a wide direct band gap of 5.18 eV, which can be controllably tuned by substituting carbon, aluminum, silicon, and phosphorus atoms in place of sp and sp2 hybridized boron and nitrogen atoms of BN-HGY. We have also calculated the optical properties of the HGY and BN-HGY structures for the first time and found that the optical absorption spectra of these structures span the full visible region and a wide range of the ultraviolet region. We found that the Gibbs free energy of the BN-HGY structure for the hydrogen adsorption process is very close to zero (-0.04 eV) and, therefore, the BN-HGY structure can be utilized as a potential catalyst for the HER. Therefore, we propose that the boron nitride analog of holey graphyne can be synthesized, and it has a wide range of applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, ultraviolet lasers, and solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Mahamiya
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Alok Shukla
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Brahmananda Chakraborty
- High pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, Mumbai, 40085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
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37
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Zhang Y, Cao X, Cao Z. Unraveling the Catalytic Performance of the Nonprecious Metal Single-Atom-Embedded Graphitic s-Triazine-Based C 3N 4 for CO 2 Hydrogenation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:35844-35853. [PMID: 35904900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is regarded as a promising potent photoelectrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. Here, extensive first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations are performed to systematically explore the structural and electronic properties of nonprecious metal single-atom-embedded graphitic s-triazine-based C3N4 (M@gt-C3N4, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Mo) monolayer materials and their catalytic performances as the single-atom catalysts (SACs) for CO2 hydrogenation to HCOOH, CO, and CH3OH. It is found that the atomically dispersed non-noble metal Mn, Fe, Co, and Mo sites anchored on gt-C3N4 can efficiently activate both H2 and CO2, and their coadsorbed state serves as a precursor to the hydrogenation of CO2 to different C1 products. Among these SACs (M@gt-C3N4, M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Mo), Co@gt-C3N4 was predicted to have the best catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation to C1 products, although their mechanistic details are somewhat different. The predicted energy barriers of the rate-determining steps for the conversion of CO2 into HCOOH, CO, and CH3OH on Co@gt-C3N4 are 0.58, 0.67, and 1.19 eV, respectively. The desorption of products is generally energy-demanding, but it can be facilitated remarkably by the subsequent adsorption of H2, which regenerates M@gt-C3N4 for the next catalytic cycle. The present study demonstrates that the catalytic performance of gt-C3N4 can be well regulated by embedding the non-noble metal single atom, and the porous gt-C3N4 is nicely suited for the construction of high-performance single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinrui Cao
- Department of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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38
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Chi HY, Chen C, Zhao K, Villalobos LF, Schouwink PA, Piveteau L, Marshall KP, Liu Q, Han Y, Agrawal KV. Unblocking Ion‐occluded Pore Channels in Poly(triazine imide) Framework for Proton Conduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yu Chi
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Institute of chemical sciences and engineering Rue de l'Industrie 17Case Postale 440 1950 Sion SWITZERLAND
| | - Cailing Chen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Kangning Zhao
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Institute of chemical sciences and engineering Rue de l'Industrie 17Case Postale 440 CH-1950 Sion SWITZERLAND
| | - Luis Francisco Villalobos
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Institute of chemical sciences and engineering Rue de l'Industrie 17Case Postale 440 CH-1950 Sion SWITZERLAND
| | - Pascal Alexander Schouwink
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1950 Sion SWITZERLAND
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, NMR Platform Rte Cantonale CH-1015 Lausanne SWITZERLAND
| | - Kenneth Paul Marshall
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: ESRF Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines 71 Av. des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble FRANCE
| | - Qi Liu
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Institute of chemical sciences and engineering Rue de l'Industrie 17Case Postale 440 CH-1950 Sion SWITZERLAND
| | - Yu Han
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Institute of chemical sciences and engineering Rue de l'Industrie 17Case Postale 440Switzerland CH-1950 Sion SWITZERLAND
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39
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Gao P, Chen X, Li J, Wang Y, Liao Y, Liao S, Zhu G, Tan Y, Zhai F. Computational Evaluation of Al-Decorated g-CN Nanostructures as High-Performance Hydrogen-Storage Media. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12152580. [PMID: 35957009 PMCID: PMC9370157 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to solve the electronic structure of aluminum (Al)-doped g-CN and further to evaluate its performance in hydrogen storage. Within our configurations, each 2 × 2 supercell of this two-dimensional material can accommodate four Al atoms, and there exist chemical bonding and partial charge transfer between pyridinic nitrogen (N) and Al atoms. The doped Al atom loses electrons and tends to be electronically positive; moreover, a local electronic field can be formed around itself, inducing the adsorbed H2 molecules to be polarized. The polarized H2 molecules were found to be adsorbed by both the N and Al atoms, giving rise to the electrostatic attractions between the H2 molecules and the Al-doped g-CN surface. We found that each 2 × 2 supercell can adsorb at most, 24 H2 molecules, and the corresponding adsorption energies ranged from −0.11 to −0.31 eV. The highest hydrogen-storage capacity of the Al-doped g-CN can reach up to 6.15 wt%, surpassing the goal of 5.50 wt% proposed by the U.S. Department of Energy. Additionally, effective adsorption sites can be easily differentiated by the electronic potential distribution map of the optimized configurations. Such a composite material has been proven to possess a high potential for hydrogen storage, and we have good reasons to expect that in the future, more advanced materials can be developed based on this unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Xihao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Ya Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Shichang Liao
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yuebin Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Fuqiang Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.C.); (Y.L.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Li F, Xi Y, Jiang J, Peng H, Li B, He J, Shu J, Cui H. O-Fluorobenzoic Acid-Mediated Construction of Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Nitrogen Defects for Multicolor Electrochemiluminescence Imaging Sensing. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9306-9315. [PMID: 35738019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is an attractive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophore. However, g-CN with wavelength-tunable ECL emission is still limited, which limits its application in multicolor ECL sensing and imaging analysis. In this study, porous g-CN (PCN) with nitrogen defects was synthesized through the condensation of melamine by using o-fluorobenzoic acid (o-FBA) as an effective regulation reagent. A series of PCNs, including PCN-5%, PCN-10%, and PCN-30%, were obtained by changing the mass ratio of o-FBA and melamine. The porous structure and tunable chemical composition change of the PCNs were carefully characterized. The nitrogen defects and porous structure of the synthesized PCNs can enlarge the specific surface area, facilitate electron transfer, and generate various surface states with gradually changed energy bands, leading to wavelength-tunable multicolor ECL emissions. Accordingly, g-CN, PCN-5%, PCN-10%, and PCN-30% can generate navy blue, turquoise blue, turquoise green, and olive green ECL emissions, respectively, with the peak ECL wavelength varied from 465 to 550 nm. Then, a multicolor ECL sensing array was proposed for the discrimination of polyphenols based on the prepared g-CN and PCNs by using a smartphone as a portable detector for the first time. Five polyphenol substances including vitamin P, resveratrol, phloretin, phlorizin, and caffeic acid were discriminated by using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The present work provides a simple strategy to adjust the ECL wavelength of g-CN and presents a simple way to fabricate multicolor ECL sensing array, which has great application potential for multiplexed analysis and multicolor ECL imaging sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yachao Xi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Power Battery, Tianneng, Jieshou 236500, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing of Power Battery, Tianneng, Jieshou 236500, China
| | - Jiangnan Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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41
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Qiao Y, Lv N, Xue X, Zhou T, Che G, Xu G, Wang F, Wu Y, Xu Z. Highly Efficient Iodine Capture and CO
2
Adsorption using a Triazine‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
| | - Na Lv
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
| | - Guangjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Asset Management Division Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
| | - Zhanlin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education Changchun 130103 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 PR China
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Luo J, Du X, Ye Q, Fu D. Review: Graphite Phase Carbon Nitride Photo-Fenton Catalyst and its Photocatalytic Degradation Performance for Organic Wastewater. Catal Surv Asia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-022-09363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Burmeister D, Müller J, Plaickner J, Kochovski Z, List‐Kratochvil EJW, Bojdys MJ. Size Effects of the Anions in the Ionothermal Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200705. [PMID: 35404526 PMCID: PMC9321126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting carbon nitride polymers are used in metal‐free photocatalysts and in opto‐electronic devices. Conventionally, they are obtained using thermal and ionothermal syntheses in inscrutable, closed systems and therefore, their condensation behavior is poorly understood. Here, the synthetic protocols and properties are compared for two types of carbon nitride materials – 2D layered poly(triazine imide) (PTI) and hydrogen‐bonded melem hydrate – obtained from three low‐melting salt eutectics taken from the systematic series of the alkali metal halides: LiCl/KCl, LiBr/KBr, and LiI/KI. The size of the anion plays a significant role in the formation process of the condensed carbon nitride polymers, and it suggests a strong templating effect. The smaller anions (chloride and bromide) become incorporated into triazine (C3N3)‐based PTI frameworks. The larger iodide does not stabilize the formation of a triazine‐based polymer, but instead it leads to the formation of the heptazine (C6N7)‐based hydrogen‐bonded melem hydrate as the main crystalline phase. Melem hydrate, obtained as single‐crystalline powders, was compared with PTI in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water and in an OLED device. Further, the emergence of each carbon nitride species from its corresponding salt eutectic was rationalized via density functional theory calculations. This study highlights the possibilities to further tailor the properties of eutectic salt melts for ionothermal synthesis of organic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Burmeister
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 6 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Müller
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstraße 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Julian Plaickner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – IAS e.V. Schwarzschildstrasse 8 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Institute of Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Emil J. W. List‐Kratochvil
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 6 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 6 12489 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry King's College London Britannia House Guy's Campus 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
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Dai T, Kiuchi H, Minamide H, Miyake Y, Inoki H, Sonoda Y, Tsutsumi J, Kanai K. Growth and characterization of melem hydrate crystals with a hydrogen-bonded heptazine framework. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13922-13934. [PMID: 35621074 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In carbon nitride (CN) compounds, hydrogen bonds play a major role in cohesion, in addition to dispersion forces. The crystal structures of CN compounds produced via thermal polymerization are complex, but they possess unique and attractive features. Melem is a well-known building unit of CN compounds such as melon and g-C3N4, which have recently attracted attention as photocatalysts. Melem hydrate (Mh) forms hexagonal prismatic crystals that are sufficiently porous to accommodate small molecules. In this study, we grew and characterized single crystals of Mh and investigated their optical properties and hygroscopicity. By precisely adjusting the hydration conditions, we succeeded in growing a well-formed hexagonal prismatic single crystal of Mh (Mhr) with a length measuring several tens of micrometers. Furthermore, we discovered a parallelogram-shaped Mh single crystal (Mhp), which possessed a different crystal structure and optical properties from those of Mh and melem crystals. Although the crystal structure of Mh was greatly disrupted by dehydration, it exhibited hygroscopicity and could absorb moisture even in air, restoring the crystal structure of Mh. In addition, Mh demonstrated a high photoluminescence quantum yield and long lifetime delayed fluorescence, similar to melem crystal. The high quantum yield of Mh can be attributed to the effect of the strong anchoring of the melem molecule by several hydrogen bonds in the Mh crystal, since the strongly anchored molecule is less likely to undergo radiation-free deactivation due to the small displacement of atomic positions in the excited state after light absorption. The findings obtained in this study shed light not only on the application of CN compounds as photocatalysts, but also on a wider range of applications based on their optoelectronic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Dai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kiuchi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Minamide
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuto Miyake
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Inoki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoriko Sonoda
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun'ya Tsutsumi
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, 305-8565 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaname Kanai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Liu Z, Wu S, Li M, Zhang J. Selective Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to CH 4 on Tri- s-triazine-Based Carbon Nitride via Defects and Crystal Regulation: Synergistic Effect of Thermodynamics and Kinetics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:25417-25426. [PMID: 35635545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realizing the high selectivity of CH4 from the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) remains a great challenge owing to the lower efficiency of multi-electron transfer and the similar thermodynamic properties of CH4 and CO. Herein, nitrogen-deficient carbon nitride two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets were prepared via the high-temperature crystalline phase transformation process. Optimizing crystallinity enhances the in-plane polarization along the a-axis. Owing to the increased electron density of the N defect, the kinetic possibilities of CH4 production have increased. Furthermore, the potential energy of the mid-gap states introduced by the N defect favors the thermodynamics of CH4 production. The selectivity values of CH4 based on yield and electrons are 87.1 and 96.4%. This work unravels the mechanism to selectively produce CH4 from CO2 photoreduction through the crystalline phase and defect regulation and provides significant guidance for the rational design of CO2 reduction photocatalysts for selective CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-Media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shiqun Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-Media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-Media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-Media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, P. R. China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, P. R. China
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47
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Li T, Shang D, Gao S, Wang B, Kong H, Yang G, Shu W, Xu P, Wei G. Two-Dimensional Material-Based Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Food Safety and Biomolecular Detection. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12050314. [PMID: 35624615 PMCID: PMC9138342 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) exhibited great potential for applications in materials science, energy storage, environmental science, biomedicine, sensors/biosensors, and others due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this review, we present recent advances in the fabrication of 2DM-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for applications in food safety and biomolecular detection that are related to human health. For this aim, firstly, we introduced the bottom-up and top-down synthesis methods of various 2DMs, such as graphene, transition metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and several other graphene-like materials, and then we demonstrated the structure and surface chemistry of these 2DMs, which play a crucial role in the functionalization of 2DMs and subsequent composition with other nanoscale building blocks such as nanoparticles, biomolecules, and polymers. Then, the 2DM-based electrochemical sensors/biosensors for the detection of nitrite, heavy metal ions, antibiotics, and pesticides in foods and drinks are introduced. Meanwhile, the 2DM-based sensors for the determination and monitoring of key small molecules that are related to diseases and human health are presented and commented on. We believe that this review will be helpful for promoting 2DMs to construct novel electronic sensors and nanodevices for food safety and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- College of Textile & Clothing, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Dawei Shang
- Qingdao Product Quality Testing Research Institute, No. 173 Shenzhen Road, Qingdao 266101, China;
| | - Shouwu Gao
- State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.G.); (P.X.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Textile Fiber Inspection, No. 173 Shenzhen Road, Qingdao 266101, China; (B.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.K.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guozheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.K.); (G.Y.)
| | - Weidong Shu
- Qingdao Institute of Textile Fiber Inspection, No. 173 Shenzhen Road, Qingdao 266101, China; (B.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Peilong Xu
- State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.G.); (P.X.)
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.K.); (G.Y.)
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48
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Liu X, Deng Y, Zheng L, Kesama MR, Tang C, Zhu Y. Engineering Low-Coordination Single-Atom Cobalt on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | | | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mallikarjuna Reddy Kesama
- Department of Physics and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Song J, Xu Z, He X, Liang X. Modulation of the thermal conductivity, interlayer thermal resistance, and interfacial thermal conductance of C 2N. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9648-9658. [PMID: 35411355 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C2N, a novel 2D semiconductor with orderly distributed holes and nitrogen atoms, has attracted significant attention due to its possible practical applications. This paper investigates the in-plane thermal conductivity and interlayer thermal resistance of C2N and the interfacial thermal conductance of in-plane heterostructures assembled by C2N and carbonized C2N(C-C2N) using molecular dynamics simulations. The in-plane thermal conductivities of C2N monolayers along zigzag and armchair directions are 73.2 and 77.3 W m-1 K-1, respectively, and can be effectively manipulated by point defects, chemical doping, and strain engineering. Remarkably, nitrogen vacancies have a more substantial impact on reducing the thermal conductivity than carbon vacancies because of the more pronounced suppression of the high-frequency peaks. The difference in doping sites leads to a change in phonon mode localization. When the C2N size is small, as the tensile strain increases, ki is affected by dimensional lengthening due to stretching in addition to tensile strain. The interlayer thermal resistance decreases with increasing layer number and interlayer coupling strength. The AA stacking gives rise to a lower thermal resistance than the AB stacking when the heat flow passes through the multilayer due to the weaker in-plane bonding strength. Moreover, various possible atomic structures of C2N/C-C2N in-plane heterojunctions and the effect of carbon and nitrogen vacancies on interfacial thermal conductance are explored. The results provide valuable insights into the thermal transport properties in the application of C2N-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieren Song
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhonghai Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xingang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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50
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Mortazavi B, Shahrokhi M, Javvaji B, Shapeev AV, Zhuang X. Highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties of 2D NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) revealed by first-principle. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:275701. [PMID: 35349997 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the latest experimental success, NbOI2two-dimensional (2D) crystals with anisotropic electronic and optical properties have been fabricated (Adv. Mater.33 (2021), 2101505). In this work inspired by the aforementioned accomplishment, we conduct first-principles calculations to explore the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of NbOX2(X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets. We show that individual layers in these systems are weakly bonded, with exfoliation energies of 0.22, 0.23, and 0.24 J m-2, for the isolation of the NbOCl2, NbOBr2,and NbOI2monolayers, respectively, distinctly lower than those of the graphene. The optoelectronic properties of the single-layer, bilayer, and bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2,and NbOI2crystals are investigated via density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 approach. Our results indicate that the layered bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2,and NbOI2crystals are indirect gap semiconductors, with band gaps of 1.79, 1.69, and 1.60 eV, respectively. We found a slight increase in the electronic gap for the monolayer and bilayer systems due to electron confinement at the nanoscale. Our results show that the monolayer and bilayer of these novel 2D compounds show suitable valence and conduction band edge positions for visible-light-driven water splitting reactions. The first absorption peaks of these novel monolayers along the in-plane polarization are located in the visible range of light which can be a promising feature to design advanced nanoelectronics. We found that the studied 2D systems exhibit highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties. The presented first-principles results provide a comprehensive vision about direction-dependent mechanical and optical properties of NbOX2(X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohayra Mortazavi
- Chair of Computational Science and Simulation Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 11, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Brahmanandam Javvaji
- Chair of Computational Science and Simulation Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 11, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander V Shapeev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoy Bulvar, 30s1, Moscow, 143026, Russia
| | - Xiaoying Zhuang
- Chair of Computational Science and Simulation Technology, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 11, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- College of Civil Engineering, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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