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Majhi S, Awasthi BP, Sharma RK, Mitra K. Buparvaquone Induces Ultrastructural and Physiological Alterations Leading to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Caspase-Independent Apoptotic Cell Death in Leishmania donovani. Microsc Microanal 2024:ozae034. [PMID: 38709559 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (endemic in 99 countries) caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. As treatment options are limited, there is an unmet need for new drugs. The hydroxynaphthoquinone class of compounds demonstrates broad-spectrum activity against protozoan parasites. Buparvaquone (BPQ), a member of this class, is the only drug licensed for the treatment of theileriosis. BPQ has shown promising antileishmanial activity but its mode of action is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrastructural and physiological effects of BPQ for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the in vitro antiproliferative activity in Leishmania donovani. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy analyses of BPQ-treated parasites revealed ultrastructural effects characteristic of apoptosis-like cell death, which include alterations in the nucleus, mitochondrion, kinetoplast, flagella, and the flagellar pocket. Using flow cytometry, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and fluorometry, we found that BPQ induced caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death by losing plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry and cell cycle arrest at sub-G0/G1 phase. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane leads to the generation of oxidative stress and impaired ATP synthesis followed by disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Collectively, these findings provide valuable mechanistic insights and demonstrate BPQ's potential for development as an antileishmanial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetapadma Majhi
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Bhanu Priya Awasthi
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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Ghafaripour H, Homayouni Tabrizi M, Karimi E, Barati Naeeni N. Lawsone encapsulated polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles modified with chitosan-folic acid successfully inhibited cell growth and triggered apoptosis in Panc-1 cancer cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37191102 PMCID: PMC10374556 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aims to encapsulate lawsone in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) and chitosan (CS) to study its anticancer effects against Panc-1 cells. The nanoparticles were analysed in means of shape/size and zeta potential index using scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering. High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to evaluate the lawsone entrapment efficacy. The authors performed acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry to monitor apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes (BAX and BCL-2) were assessed by real time PCR. Nanoparticle antioxidative and antibacterial activities were examined by DPPH/ABTS scavenging assay, disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration evaluation. The NPs were 229.65 nm, the encapsulation efficiency was 81%. The concentration of lawsone that exerts 50% cell growth inhibition (IC50 ) against Panc-1 cells was calculated 118.4 μL. Apoptosis induction was evidenced by the increased number of orange cells and increased proportion of cells in G1-Sub phase respectively. Moreover, lawsone-loaded nanoparticle upregulated BAX gene expression, while downregulated BCL2expression, suggesting the activation of apoptotic pathway. The observed cytotoxic/apoptotic properties suggest that Lawson-loaded PLGA-FA-CS-NPs hold a great potential in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Ghafaripour
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Le TQ, Oh CH. Acid-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3- b]furan and 3,4-dihydro-2 H-benzo[ g]chromene derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2149343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Quynh Le
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Demehin AA, Thamnarak W, Lamtha T, Chatwichien J, Eurtivong C, Choowongkomon K, Chainok K, Ruchirawat S, Thasana N. Siamenflavones A-C, three undescribed biflavonoids from Selaginella siamensis Hieron. and biflavonoids from spike mosses as EGFR inhibitor. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113374. [PMID: 35964804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed biflavonoids (BFVs), siamenflavones A-C along with twelve BFVs were isolated from Selaginella siamensis Hieron. and Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker (Selaginellaceae). The chemical structures of undescribed compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, chemical correlations, and X-ray crystallography. The ten isolated BFVs, siamenflavones A-C, delicaflavone, chrysocauflavone, robustaflavone, robustaflavone-4-methylether, amentoflavone, tetrahydro-amentoflavone, and sciadopitysin were evaluated for the antiproliferative effects against four human cancer cell lines A549, H1975, HepG2 and T47D. Delicaflavone and robustaflavone 4'-methylether exerted strong effects on the four human cancer cell lines. Siamenflavone B, delicaflavone and robustaflavone 4'-methylether showed potent inhibitory activities against wild-type EGFR. The inhibition of the compounds was further supported by molecular docking and predictive intermolecular interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of siamenflavone B and robustaflavone-4'-methylether complexed to EGFR-TK further supported inhibition of the compounds to the ATP binding site. Finally, analysis of pharmacokinetic and electronic properties using density-functional theory and known drug index calculations suggest that the compounds are pharmaceutically compatible for drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebisi Adunola Demehin
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Wanlaya Thamnarak
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Thomanai Lamtha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Chatwichien
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TU-McMa), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Thasana
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Mahalapbutr P, Leechaisit R, Thongnum A, Todsaporn D, Prachayasittikul V, Rungrotmongkol T, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V, Pingaew R. Discovery of Anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as Potent EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Comprehensive Molecular Modeling. ACS Omega 2022; 7:17881-17893. [PMID: 35664590 PMCID: PMC9161259 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been recognized as one of the attractive targets for anticancer drug development. Herein, a set of anilino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (3-18) was synthesized and investigated for their anticancer and EGFR inhibitory potentials. Among all tested compounds, three derivatives (3, 8, and 10) were selected for studying EGFR inhibitory activity (in vitro and in silico) due to their most potent cytotoxic activities against six tested cancer cell lines (i.e., HuCCA-1, HepG2, A549, MOLT-3, MDA-MB-231, and T47D; IC50 values = 1.75-27.91 μM), high selectivity index (>20), and good predicted drug-like properties. The experimental results showed that these three promising compounds are potent EGFR inhibitors with nanomolar IC50 values (3.96-18.64 nM). Interestingly, the most potent compound 3 bearing 4-methyl substituent on the phenyl ring displayed 4-fold higher potency than the known EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and MM/GBSA-based free energy calculation revealed that van der Waals force played a major role in the accommodations of compound 3 within the ATP-binding pocket of EGFR. Additionally, the 4-CH3 moiety of the compound was noted to be a key chemical feature contributing to the highly potent EGFR inhibitory activity via its formations of alkyl interactions with A743, K745, M766, and L788 residues as well as additional interactions with M766 and T790.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department
of Biochemistry, and Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ronnakorn Leechaisit
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Anusit Thongnum
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Todsaporn
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center
of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program
in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center
of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry and Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Chulabhorn Graduate
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Commission
on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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Kapoor N, Kandwal P, Sharma G, Gambhir L. Redox ticklers and beyond: Naphthoquinone repository in the spotlight against inflammation and associated maladies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105968. [PMID: 34752922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox status has been considered as a focal point for the pathogenesis of multiple disorders. High and persistent levels of free radicals kick off inflammation and associated disorders. Though oxidative stress at high levels is harmful but at low levels it has been shown to exert cytoprotective effects. Therefore, cytoprotection by perturbation in cellular redox balance is a leading strategy for therapeutic interventions. Prooxidants are potent redox modifiers that generate mild oxidative stress leading to a spectrum of bioactivities. Naphthoquinones are a group of highly reactive organic chemical species that interact with biological systems owing to their prooxidants nature. Owing to the ability of naphthoquinones and its derivatives to perturb redox balance in a cell and modulate redox signaling, they have been in epicenter of drug development for plausible utilization in multiple clinical settings. The present review highlights the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural derivatives (plumbagin, juglone, lawsone, menadione, lapachol and β-lapachone) as redox modifiers with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-microbial activities for implication in therapeutic settings.
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Monroe JD, Basheer F, Gibert Y. Xmrks the Spot: Fish Models for Investigating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Cancer Research. Cells 2021; 10:1132. [PMID: 34067095 PMCID: PMC8150686 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted in several fish species, e.g., Xiphophorus hellerii (green swordtail) and Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) crosses, Oryzias latipes (medaka), and Danio rerio (zebrafish), have identified an oncogenic role for the receptor tyrosine kinase, Xmrk, a gene product closely related to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is associated with a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer. Comparative analyses of Xmrk and EGFR signal transduction in melanoma have shown that both utilize STAT5 signaling to regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation, PI3K to modulate apoptosis, FAK to control migration, and the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway to regulate cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Further, Xmrk and EGFR may also modulate similar chemokine, extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and microRNA signaling pathways in melanoma. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Xmrk and EGFR signaling utilize STAT5 to regulate cell proliferation, and Xmrk may signal through PI3K and FasR to modulate apoptosis. At the same time, both activate the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway to regulate cell proliferation and E-cadherin signaling. Xmrk models of melanoma have shown that inhibitors of PI3K and MEK have an anti-cancer effect, and in HCC, that the steroidal drug, adrenosterone, can prevent metastasis and recover E-cadherin expression, suggesting that fish Xmrk models can exploit similarities with EGFR signal transduction to identify and study new chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Monroe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Yann Gibert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
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Mendonça DV, Tavares GS, Lage DP, Soyer TG, Carvalho LM, Dias DS, Ribeiro PA, Ottoni FM, Antinarelli LM, Vale DL, Ludolf F, Duarte MC, Coimbra ES, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Roatt BM, Menezes-Souza D, Barichello JM, Alves RJ, Coelho EA. In vivo antileishmanial efficacy of a naphthoquinone derivate incorporated into a Pluronic® F127-based polymeric micelle system against Leishmania amazonensis infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:779-787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chioma F, Ekennia AC, Ibeji CU, Okafor SN, Onwudiwe DC, Osowole AA, Ujam OT. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and DFT studies of 2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes. J Mol Struct 2018; 1163:455-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mendonça DVC, Lage DP, Calixto SL, Ottoni FM, Tavares GSV, Ludolf F, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Schneider MS, Duarte MC, Tavares CAP, Alves RJ, Coimbra ES, Coelho EAF. Antileishmanial activity of a naphthoquinone derivate against promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis and its mechanism of action against L. amazonensis species. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:391-403. [PMID: 29248978 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has become a significant public health issue in several countries in the world. New products have been identified to treat against the disease; however, toxicity and/or high cost is a limitation. The present work evaluated the antileishmanial activity of a new naphthoquinone derivate, Flau-A [2-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-L-galactopyranosyloxy)-1,4-naphthoquinone], against promastigote and amastigote-like stages of Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum. In addition, the cytotoxicity in murine macrophages and human red cells was also investigated. The mechanism of action of Flau-A was assessed in L. amazonensis as well as its efficacy in treating infected macrophages and inhibiting infection of pretreated parasites. Results showed that Flau-A was effective against promastigotes and amastigote-like forms of both parasite species, as well as showed low toxicity in mammalian cells. Results also highlighted the morphological and biochemical alterations induced by Flau-A in L. amazonensis, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as increased reactive oxygen species production, cell shrinkage, and alteration of the plasma membrane integrity. The present study demonstrates for the first time the antileishmanial activity of Flau-A against two Leishmania species and suggests that the mitochondria of the parasites may be the main target organelle. Data shown here encourages the use of this molecule in new studies concerning treatment against Leishmania infection in mammalian hosts.
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So KK, Kim DH. Role of MAPK Signaling Pathways in Regulating the Hydrophobin Cryparin in the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Mycobiology 2017; 45:362-369. [PMID: 29371804 PMCID: PMC5780368 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2017.45.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the regulation of cryparin, a class II hydrophobin, using three representative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in Cryphonectria parasitica. Mutation of the CpSlt2 gene, an ortholog of yeast SLT2 in the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, resulted in a dramatic decrease in cryparin production. Similarly, a mutant of the CpBck1 gene, a MAP kinase kinase kinase gene in the CWI pathway, showed decreased cryparin production. Additionally, mutation of the cpmk1 gene, an ortholog of yeast HOG1, showed decreased cryparin production. However, mutation of the cpmk2 gene, an ortholog of yeast Kss1/Fus3, showed increased cryparin production. The easy-wet phenotype and accumulation of the cryparin transcript in corresponding mutants were consistent with the cryparin production results. In silico analysis of the promoter region of the cryparin gene revealed the presence of binding motifs related to downstream transcription factors of CWI, HOG1, and pheromone responsive pathways including MADS-box- and Ste12-binding domains. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analyses indicated that both CpRlm1, an ortholog of yeast RLM1 in the CWI pathway, and cpst12, an ortholog of yeast STE12 in the mating pathway, showed significantly reduced transcription levels in the mutant strains showing lower cryparin production in C. prasitica. However, the transcription of CpMcm1, an ortholog of yeast MCM1, did not correlate with that of the mutant strains showing downregulation of cryparin. These results indicate that three representative MAPK pathways played a role in regulating cryparin production. However, regulation varied depending on the MAPK pathways: the CWI and HOG1 pathways were stimulatory, whereas the pheromone-responsive MAPK was repressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum-Kang So
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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12
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Mohammed HHH, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Abbas SH, Abdelhafez ESMN, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. New antiproliferative 7-(4-(N-substituted carbamoylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl) derivatives of ciprofloxacin induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4636-4646. [PMID: 27555286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New N-4-piperazinyl derivatives of ciprofloxacin 2a-g were prepared and tested for their cytotoxic activity. The primary in vitro one dose anticancer assay experienced promising cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines especially non-small cell lung cancer. Independently, compounds 2b, 2d, 2f and 2g showed anticancer activity against human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells (IC50=14.8, 24.8, 23.6 and 20.7μM, respectively) compared to the parent ciprofloxacin (IC50 >100μM) and doxorubicin as a positive control (IC50=1μM). The flow cytometric analysis for 2b showed dose dependent G2/M arrest in A549 cells. Also, 2b increased the expression of p53 and p21 and decreased the expression of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 proteins in A549 cells without any effect on the same proteins expression in WI-38 cells. Specific inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α reversed the G2/M phase arrest induced by the 2b compound, suggesting contribution of p53 to increase. Taken together, 2b induced G2/M phase arrest via p53/p21 dependent pathway. The results indicate that 2b can be used as a lead compound for further development of new derivatives against non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada H H Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar H Abbas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Doucette CD, Greenshields AL, Liwski RS, Hoskin DW. Piperine blocks interleukin-2-driven cell cycle progression in CTLL-2 T lymphocytes by inhibiting multiple signal transduction pathways. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Pinto EG, Santos IO, Schmidt TJ, Borborema SET, Ferreira VF, Rocha DR, Tempone AG. Potential of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against Leishmania (L.) infantum: biological activity and structure-activity relationships. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105127. [PMID: 25171058 PMCID: PMC4149375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphtoquinones have been used as promising scaffolds for drug design studies against protozoan parasites. Considering the highly toxic and limited therapeutic arsenal, the global negligence with tropical diseases and the elevated prevalence of co-morbidities especially in developing countries, the parasitic diseases caused by various Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) became a significant public health threat in 98 countries. The aim of this work was the evaluation of antileishmanial in vitro potential of thirty-six 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones obtained by a three component reaction of lawsone, the appropriate aldehyde and thiols adequately substituted, exploiting the in situ generation of o-quinonemethides (o-QM) via the Knoevenagel condensation. The antileishmanial activity of the naphthoquinone derivatives was evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and their cytotoxicity was verified in mammalian cells. Among the thirty-six compounds, twenty-seven were effective against promastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 8 to 189 µM; fourteen compounds eliminated the intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 12 to 65 µM. The compounds containing the phenyl groups at R1 and R2 and with the fluorine substituent at the phenyl ring at R2, rendered the most promising activity, demonstrating a selectivity index higher than 15 against amastigotes. A QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) analysis yielded insights into general structural requirements for activity of most compounds in the series. Considering the in vitro antileishmanial potential of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones and their structure-activity relationships, novel lead candidates could be exploited in future drug design studies for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika G. Pinto
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela O. Santos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - David R. Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andre G. Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Huang ZH, Zhuo ST, Li CY, Xie HT, Li D, Tan JH, Ou TM, Huang ZS, Gu LQ, Huang SL. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel mansonone E derivatives prepared via CuAAC click chemistry as topoisomerase II inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Here, we review current evidence pointing to the function of VDAC1 in cell life and death, and highlight these functions in relation to cancer. Found at the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC1 assumes a crucial position in the cell, controlling the metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. Moreover, its location at the boundary between the mitochondria and the cytosol enables VDAC1 to interact with proteins that mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with other cellular activities. As a metabolite transporter, VDAC1 contributes to the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. This is reflected by VDAC1 over-expression in many cancer types, and by inhibition of tumor development upon silencing VDAC1 expression. Along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is also a key protein in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, participating in the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. The involvement of VDAC1 in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the inter-membranal space is discussed, as is VDAC1 oligomerization as an important step in apoptosis induction. VDAC also serves as an anchor point for mitochondria-interacting proteins, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers, such as hexokinase (HK), Bcl2, and Bcl-xL. By binding to VDAC, HK provides both metabolic benefit and apoptosis-suppressive capacity that offers the cell a proliferative advantage and increases its resistance to chemotherapy. VDAC1-based peptides that bind specifically to HK, Bcl2, or Bcl-xL abolished the cell’s abilities to bypass the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, these peptides promote cell death in a panel of genetically characterized cell lines derived from different human cancers. These and other functions point to VDAC1 as a rational target for the development of a new generation of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel ; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Shukla S, Srivastava RS, Shrivastava SK, Sodhi A, Kumar P. Synthesis, Molecular docking and Biological evaluation of 4-Cycloalkylidineamino 1, 2-Naphthoquinone Semicarbazones as Anticancer agents. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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