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Bhusari S, Kim J, Polizzi K, Sankaran S, Del Campo A. Encapsulation of bacteria in bilayer Pluronic thin film hydrogels: A safe format for engineered living materials. Biomater Adv 2023; 145:213240. [PMID: 36577192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In engineered living materials (ELMs) non-living matrices encapsulate microorganisms to acquire capabilities like sensing or biosynthesis. The confinement of the organisms to the matrix and the prevention of overgrowth and escape during the lifetime of the material is necessary for the application of ELMs into real devices. In this study, a bilayer thin film hydrogel of Pluronic F127 and Pluronic F127 acrylate polymers supported on a solid substrate is introduced. The inner hydrogel layer contains genetically engineered bacteria and supports their growth, while the outer layer acts as an envelope and does not allow leakage of the living organisms outside of the film for at least 15 days. Due to the flat and transparent nature of the construct, the thin layer is suited for microscopy and spectroscopy-based analyses. The composition and properties of the inner and outer layer are adjusted independently to fulfil viability and confinement requirements. We demonstrate that bacterial growth and light-induced protein production are possible in the inner layer and their extent is influenced by the crosslinking degree of the used hydrogel. Bacteria inside the hydrogel are viable long term, they can act as lactate-sensors and remain active after storage in phosphate buffer at room temperature for at least 3 weeks. The versatility of bilayer bacteria thin-films is attractive for fundamental studies and for the development of application-oriented ELMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shardul Bhusari
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Current affiliation - School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Karen Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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2
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Wolfel A, Jin M, Paez JI. Current strategies for ligand bioconjugation to poly(acrylamide) gels for 2D cell culture: Balancing chemo-selectivity, biofunctionality, and user-friendliness. Front Chem 2022; 10:1012443. [PMID: 36204147 PMCID: PMC9530631 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1012443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel biomaterials in combination with living cells are applied in cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, poly(acrylamide) (PAM) hydrogels are frequently used in cell biology laboratories as soft substrates for 2D cell culture. These biomaterials present advantages such as the straightforward synthesis, regulable mechanical properties within physiological range of native soft tissues, the possibility to be biofunctionalized with ligands to support the culture of living cells, and their optical transparency that makes them compatible with microscopy methods. Due to the chemical inertness and protein repellant properties of PAM hydrogels, these materials alone do not support the adhesion of cells. Therefore, biofunctionalization of PAM gels is necessary to confer them bioactivity and to promote cell-material interactions. Herein, the current chemical strategies for the bioconjugation of ligands to PAM gels are reviewed. Different aspects of the existing bioconjugation methods such as chemo-selectivity and site-specificity of attachment, preservation of ligand’s functionality after binding, user-friendliness and cost are presented and compared. This work aims at guiding users in the choice of a strategy to biofunctionalize PAM gels with desired biochemical properties.
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3
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Nair RV, Farrukh A, del Campo A. Light-Regulated Angiogenesis via a Phototriggerable VEGF Peptidomimetic. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100488. [PMID: 34110713 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of growth factor based therapies in regenerative medicine is limited by the high cost, fast degradation kinetics, and the multiple functions of these molecules in the cell, which requires regulated delivery to minimize side effects. Here a photoactivatable peptidomimetic of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that allows the light-controlled presentation of angiogenic signals to endothelial cells embedded in hydrogel matrices is presented. A photoresponsive analog of the 15-mer peptidomimetic Ac-KLTWQELYQLKYKGI-NH2 (abbreviated P QK) is prepared by introducing a 3-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-butyl (DMNPB) photoremovable protecting group at the Trp4 residue. This modification inhibits the angiogenic potential of the peptide temporally. Light exposure of P QK modified hydrogels provide instructive cues to embedded endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis at the illuminated sites of the 3D culture, with the possibility of spatial control. P QK modified photoresponsive biomaterials offer an attractive approach for the dosed delivery and spatial control of pro-angiogenic factors to support regulated vascular growth by just using light as an external trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshna V. Nair
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
- Chemistry Department Saarland University Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
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4
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Revkova VA, Sidoruk KV, Kalsin VA, Melnikov PA, Konoplyannikov MA, Kotova S, Frolova AA, Rodionov SA, Smorchkov MM, Kovalev AV, Troitskiy AV, Timashev PS, Chekhonin VP, Bogush VG, Baklaushev VP. Spidroin Silk Fibers with Bioactive Motifs of Extracellular Proteins for Neural Tissue Engineering. ACS Omega 2021; 6:15264-15273. [PMID: 34151105 PMCID: PMC8210451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in neural tissue regeneration. Understanding which motifs of the ECM proteins are crucial for normal NPC adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation is important in order to create more adequate tissue engineered models of neural tissue and to efficiently study the central nervous system regeneration mechanisms. We have shown earlier that anisotropic matrices prepared from a mixture of recombinant dragline silk proteins, such as spidroin 1 and spidroin 2, by electrospinning are biocompatible with NPCs and provide good proliferation and oriented growth of neurites. This study objective was to find the effects of spidroin-based electrospun materials, modified with peptide motifs of the extracellular matrix proteins (RGD, IKVAV, and VAEIDGIEL) on adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells (drNPCs). The structural and biomechanical studies have shown that spidroin-based electrospun mats (SBEM), modified with ECM peptides, are characterized by a uniaxial orientation and elastic moduli in the swollen state, comparable to those of the dura mater. It has been found for the first time that drNPCs on SBEM mostly preserve their stemness in the growth medium and even in the differentiation medium with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, while addition of the mentioned ECM-peptide motifs may shift the balance toward neuroglial differentiation. We have demonstrated that the RGD motif promotes formation of a lower number of neurons with longer neurites, while the IKVAV motif is characterized by formation of a greater number of NF200-positive neurons with shorter neurites. At the same time, all the studied matrices preserve up to 30% of neuroglial progenitor cells, phenotypically similar to radial glia derived from the subventricular zone. We believe that, by using this approach and modifying spidroin by various ECM-motifs or other substances, one may create an in vitro model for the neuroglial stem cell niche with the potential control of their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir A Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Russia
| | - Pavel A Melnikov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kotova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Frolova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Sergey A Rodionov
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow 127299, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Smorchkov
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow 127299, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kovalev
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow 127299, Russia
| | - Alexander V Troitskiy
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Bogush
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow 115682, Russia
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5
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Abstract
Light is a uniquely powerful tool for controlling molecular events in biology. No other external input (e.g., heat, ultrasound, magnetic field) can be so tightly focused or so highly regulated as a clinical laser. Drug delivery vehicles that can be photonically activated have been developed across many platforms, from the simplest "caging" of therapeutics in a prodrug form, to more complex micelles and circulating liposomes that improve drug uptake and efficacy, to large-scale hydrogel platforms that can be used to protect and deliver macromolecular agents including full-length proteins. In this Review, we discuss recent innovations in photosensitive drug delivery and highlight future opportunities to engineer and exploit such light-responsive technologies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Rose JC, Gehlen DB, Omidinia‐Anarkoli A, Fölster M, Haraszti T, Jaekel EE, De Laporte L. How Much Physical Guidance is Needed to Orient Growing Axons in 3D Hydrogels? Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000886. [PMID: 33015945 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Directing cells is essential to organize multi-cellular organisms that are built up from subunits executing specific tasks. This guidance requires a precisely controlled symphony of biochemical, mechanical, and structural signals. While many guiding mechanisms focus on 2D structural patterns or 3D biochemical gradients, injectable material platforms that elucidate how cellular processes are triggered by defined 3D physical guiding cues are still lacking but crucial for the repair of soft tissues. Herein, a recently developed anisotropic injectable hybrid hydrogel (Anisogel) contains rod-shaped microgels that orient in situ by a magnetic field and has propelled studying 3D cell guidance. Here, the Anisogel is used to investigate the dependence of axonal guidance on microgel dimensions, aspect ratio, and distance. While large microgels result in high material anisotropy, they significantly reduce neurite outgrowth and thus the guidance efficiency. Narrow and long microgels enable strong axonal guidance with maximal outgrowth including cell sensing over distances of tens of micrometers in 3D. Moreover, nerve cells decide to orient inside the Anisogel within the first three days, followed by strengthening of the alignment, which goes along with oriented fibronectin deposition. These findings demonstrate the potential of the Anisogel to tune structural and mechanical parameters for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Rose
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - David B. Gehlen
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Abdolrahman Omidinia‐Anarkoli
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Maaike Fölster
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Esther E. Jaekel
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
- Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine Institute of Applied Medical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
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8
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Wu K, Sun J, Ma Y, Wei D, Lee O, Luo H, Fan H. Spatiotemporal regulation of dynamic cell microenvironment signals based on an azobenzene photoswitch. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9212-9226. [PMID: 32929441 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01737j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic biochemical and biophysical signals of cellular matrix define and regulate tissue-specific cell functions and fate. To recapitulate this complex environment in vitro, biomaterials based on structural- or degradation-tunable polymers have emerged as powerful platforms for regulating the "on-demand" cell-material dynamic interplay. As one of the most prevalent photoswitch molecules, the photoisomerization of azobenzene demonstrates a unique advantage in the construction of dynamic substrates. Moreover, the development of azobenzene-containing biomaterials is particularly helpful in elucidating cells that adapt to a dynamic microenvironment or integrate spatiotemporal variations of signals. Herein, this minireview, places emphasis on the research progress of azobenzene photoswitches in the dynamic regulation of matrix signals. Some techniques and material design methods have been discussed to provide some theoretical guidance for the rational and efficient design of azopolymer-based material platforms. In addition, considering that the UV-light response of traditional azobenzene photoswitches is not conducive to biological applications, we have summarized the recent approaches to red-shifting the light wavelength for azobenzene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yanzhe Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Oscar Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hongrong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Hall MS, Decker JT, Shea LD. Towards systems tissue engineering: Elucidating the dynamics, spatial coordination, and individual cells driving emergent behaviors. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120189. [PMID: 32569865 PMCID: PMC7396312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial systems have enabled the in vitro production of complex, emergent tissue behaviors that were not possible with conventional two-dimensional culture systems, allowing for analysis of both normal development and disease processes. We propose that the path towards developing the design parameters for biomaterial systems lies with identifying the molecular drivers of emergent behavior through leveraging technological advances in systems biology, including single cell omics, genetic engineering, and high content imaging. This growing research opportunity at the intersection of the fields of tissue engineering and systems biology - systems tissue engineering - can uniquely interrogate the mechanisms by which complex tissue behaviors emerge with the potential to capture the contribution of i) dynamic regulation of tissue development and dysregulation, ii) single cell heterogeneity and the function of rare cell types, and iii) the spatial distribution and structure of individual cells and cell types within a tissue. By leveraging advances in both biological and materials data science, systems tissue engineering can facilitate the identification of biomaterial design parameters that will accelerate basic science discovery and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph T Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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10
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Xu D, Ricken J, Wegner SV. Turning Cell Adhesions ON or OFF with High Spatiotemporal Precision Using the Green Light Responsive Protein CarH. Chemistry 2020; 26:9859-9863. [PMID: 32270892 PMCID: PMC7496717 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of integrin-mediated cell adhesions to extracellular matrix regulates cell behavior with has numerous implications for biotechnological applications. In this work, two approaches for regulating cell adhesions in space and time with high precision are reported, both of which utilize green light. In the first design, CarH, which is a tetramer in the dark, is used to mask cRGD adhesion-peptides on a surface. Upon green light illumination, the CarH tetramer dissociates into its monomers, revealing the adhesion peptide so that cells can adhere. In the second design, the RGD motif is incorporated into the CarH protein tetramer such that cells can adhere to surfaces functionalized with this protein. The cell adhesions can be disrupted with green light, due to the disassembly of the CarH-RGD protein. Both designs allow for photoregulation with noninvasive visible light and open new possibilities to investigate the dynamical regulation of cell adhesions in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Julia Ricken
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 2969120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MünsterWaldeyerstraße 1548149MünsterGermany
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11
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Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a major approach for the fabrication of functional supramolecular nanomaterials. This dynamic, straightforward, bottom-up procedure may result in the formation of various architectures at the nano-scale, with remarkable physical and chemical characteristics. Biological and bio-inspired building blocks are especially attractive due to their intrinsic tendency to assemble into well-organized structures, as well as their inherent biocompatibility. To further expand the morphological diversity, co-assembly methods have been developed, allowing to produce alternative unique architectures, enhanced properties, and improved structural control. However, in many cases, mechanistic understanding of the self- and co-assembly processes is still lacking. Microfluidic techniques offer a set of exclusive tools for real-time monitoring of biomolecular self-organization, which is crucial for the study of such dynamic processes. Assembled nuclei, confined by micron-scale pillars, could be subjected to controlled environments aiming to assess the effect of different conditions on the assembly process. Other microfluidics setups can produce droplets at a rate of over 100 s-1, with volumes as small as several picoliters. Under these conditions, each droplet can serve as an individual pico/nano-reactor allowing nucleation and assembly. These processes can be monitored, analyzed and imaged, by various techniques including simple bright-field microscopy. Elucidating the mechanism of such molecular events may serve as a conceptual stepping-stone for the rational control of the resulting physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar A Arnon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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12
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Ricken J, Medda R, Wegner SV. Photo‐ECM: A Blue Light Photoswitchable Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Protein for Reversible Control over Cell–Matrix Adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800302. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ricken
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryUniversity of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rebecca Medda
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryUniversity of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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13
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Farrukh A, Zhao S, Paez JI, Kavyanifar A, Salierno M, Cavalié A, Del Campo A. In Situ, Light-Guided Axon Growth on Biomaterials via Photoactivatable Laminin Peptidomimetic IK(HANBP)VAV. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:41129-41137. [PMID: 30387978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to guide the growth of neurites is relevant for reconstructing neural networks and for nerve tissue regeneration. Here, a biofunctional hydrogel that allows light-based directional control of axon growth in situ is presented. The gel is covalently modified with a photoactivatable derivative of the short laminin peptidomimetic IKVAV. This adhesive peptide contains the photoremovable group 2-(4'-amino-4-nitro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)propan-1-ol (HANBP) on the Lys rest that inhibits its activity. The modified peptide is highly soluble in water and can be simply conjugated to -COOH containing hydrogels via its terminal -NH2 group. Light exposure allows presentation of the IKVAV adhesive motif on a soft hydrogel at desired concentration and at defined position and time point. The photoactivated gel supports neurite outgrowth in embryonic neural progenitor cells culture and allows site-selective guidance of neurites extension. In situ exposure of cell cultures using a scanning laser allows outgrowth of neurites in desired pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Forum Universitatis 2 , Building 1111, 55122 Mainz , Germany
| | - Shifang Zhao
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Julieta I Paez
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Atria Kavyanifar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry , University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University , Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry , University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University , Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Adolfo Cavalié
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Saarland University , 66421 Homburg , Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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14
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Abstract
Optoregulated biointerfaces offer the possibility to manipulate the interactions between cell membrane receptors and the extracellular space. This Invited Feature Article summarizes recent efforts by our group and others during the past decade to develop light-responsive biointerfaces to stimulate cells and elicit cellular responses using photocleavable protecting groups (PPG) as our working tool. This article begins by providing a brief introduction to available PPGs, with a special focus on the widely used o-nitrobenzyl family, followed by an overview of molecular design principles for the control of bioactivity in the context of cell-material interactions and the characterization methods to use in following the photoreaction at surfaces. We present various light-guided cellular processes using PPGs, including cell adhesion, release, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, this Invited Feature Article closes with our perspective on the current status and future challenges of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zheng
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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15
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Abstract
The interactions of adherent cells with their insoluble extracellular matrices are complex and challenging to study in the laboratory. Approaches from interface science have been important to preparing models of the biological matrix wherein discreet ligands are immobilized and interact with cellular receptors. A recent theme has been to develop dynamic substrates, where the activities of immobilized ligands can be modulated in real-time during cell culture. This short opinion reviews the strategies to manipulate ligand activity, highlights recent work that has advanced the field and discusses the applications that have been enabled. This work suggests that dynamic substrates will continue to find important uses in basic and applied biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Bugga
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 United States
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