1
|
Yang C, Wang K, Lyu W, Liu H, Li J, Wang Y, Jiang R, Yuan J, Liao Y. Nanofibrous Porous Organic Polymers and Their Derivatives: From Synthesis to Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400626. [PMID: 38476058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Engineering porous organic polymers (POPs) into 1D morphology holds significant promise for diverse applications due to their exceptional processability and increased surface contact for enhanced interactions with guest molecules. This article reviews the latest developments in nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives, encompassing porous organic polymer nanofibers, their composites, and POPs-derived carbon nanofibers. The review delves into the design and fabrication strategies, elucidates the formation mechanisms, explores their functional attributes, and highlights promising applications. The first section systematically outlines two primary fabrication approaches of nanofibrous POPs, i.e., direct bulk synthesis and electrospinning technology. Both routes are discussed and compared in terms of template utilization and post-treatments. Next, performance of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are reviewed for applications including water treatment, water/oil separation, gas adsorption, energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, microwave absorption, and biomedical systems. Finally, highlighting existent challenges and offering future prospects of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are concluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Kexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ruyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Timur M, Peng Y, Yu J, Li L. Synthesis of carbon quantum dots/porous aromatic frameworks (CQDs/PAF-45) composites and their enhanced photocatalytic performance. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:225601. [PMID: 38387092 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2c59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Modification and functionalization of porous aromatic framework (PAF) materials have emerged as crucial research directions in various fields. In this study, we employed a hydrothermal method to synthesize a carbon quantum dots (CQDs) solution. By loading different amounts of CQDs onto the surface of PAF-45 material through ultrasonic and hydrothermal treatments, we successfully formed CQDs/PAF-45 composite materials. The introduction of CQDs effectively transformed the hydrophobic nature of PAF-45 into a hydrophilic material, thereby overcoming the challenge of achieving efficient contact between PAF catalysts and reactants in aqueous solutions. In the photocatalytic degradation experiments of Rhodamine B (RhB), tetracycline, CQDs/PAF-45 composite materials surpassed that of the pristine PAF-45 material. Notably, the 1 wt% CQDs/PAF-45 composite material exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, with degradation efficiencies for Rhodamine B, tetracycline, and phenol approximately 1.4 times, 1.5 times and 1.5 times higher than those of the PAF-45 material, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Timur
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Q, Kang H, Gao Y, Zhang L, Wang R, Zhang S, Zhou T, Li H, Mao J, Zhang C, Guo Z. Nanostructured Porous Polymer with Low Volume Expansion, Structural Distortion, and Gradual Activation for High and Durable Lithium Storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37874797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds exhibit great potential as sustainable, tailorable, and environmentally friendly electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. However, the intrinsic defects of organic electrodes, including solubility, low ionic conductivity, and restricted electroactivity sites, will inevitably decrease the cycling life and capacity. We herein designed and prepared nanostructured porous polymers (NPP) with a simple one-pot method to overcome the above defects. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the as-synthesized NPP exhibited low volume expansion, molecular-structural distortion, and a gradual function activation process during cycling, thus exhibiting superior, high, and durable lithium storage. The gradual molecular distortion during the lithium storage processes provides more redox-active sites for Li storage, increasing the Li-storage capacity. Ex situ spectrum studies reveal the redox reaction mechanism of Li storage and demonstrate a gradual activation process during the repeated charging/discharging until the full storage of 18 Li ions is achieved. Additionally, a real-time observation on the NPP anode by in situ transmission electron microscope reveals a slight volume expansion during the repeating lithiation and delithiation processes, ensuring its structural integrity during cycling. This quantitative work for high-durability lithium storage could be of immediate benefit for designing organic electrode materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongwei Kang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Longhai Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hongbao Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jianfeng Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Leibniz International Joint Research Center of Materials Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Material (Ministry of Education), Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo Y, Mei Y, Xu Y, Huang K. Hyper-Crosslinked Porous Organic Nanomaterials: Structure-Oriented Design and Catalytic Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2514. [PMID: 37764543 PMCID: PMC10537049 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-crosslinked porous organic nanomaterials, especially the hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), are a unique class of materials that combine the benefits of high surface area, porous structure, and good chemical and thermal stability all rolled into one. A wide range of synthetic methods offer an enormous variety of HCPs with different pore structures and morphologies, which has allowed HCPs to be developed for gas adsorption and separations, chemical adsorption and encapsulation, and heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we present a systematic review of recent approaches to pore size modulation and morphological tailoring of HCPs and their applications to catalysis. We mainly compare the effects of pore size modulation and morphological tailoring on catalytic applications, aiming to pave the way for researchers to develop HCPs with an optimal performance for modern applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Yixuan Mei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Wang R, Liu Z, Wan J, Zhang S, Wang S, Hua K, Liu X, Zhou X, Luo X, Zhang X, Cao M, Kang H, Zhang C, Guo Z. Porous Organic Polymer with Hierarchical Structure and Limited Volume Expansion for Ultrafast and Highly Durable Sodium Storage. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2210082. [PMID: 36738238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable organic electrode materials, as promising alternatives to conventional inorganic electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), are still challenging to realize long-lifetime and high-rate batteries because of their poor conductivity, limited electroactivity, and severe dissolution. It is also urgent to deeply reveal their electrochemical mechanism and evolution processes. A porous organic polymer (POP) with a conjugated and hierarchical structure is designed and synthesized here. The unique molecule and structure endow the POP with electron delocalization, high ionic diffusivity, plentiful active sites, exceptional structure stability, and limited solubility in electrolytes. When evaluated as an anode for SIBs, the POP exhibits appealing electrochemical properties regarding reversible capacity, rate behaviors, and long-duration life. Importantly, using judiciously combined experiments and theoretical computation, including in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ex situ spectroscopy, we reveal the Na-storage mechanism and dynamic evolution processes of the POP, including 12-electron reaction process with Na, low volume expansion (125-106% vs the initial 100%), and stable composition and structure evolution during repeating sodiation/de-sodiation processes. This quantitative design for ultrafast and highly durable sodium storage in the POP could be of immediate benefit for the rational design of organic electrode materials with ideal electrochemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Wan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Siming Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Kang Hua
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohao Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xunzhu Zhou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiansheng Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Mengge Cao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Kang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, P. R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Chen L, He X. Bio-inspired non-conjugated poly(carbonylpyridinium) as anode material for high-performance alkali-ion (Li +, Na +, and K +) batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 643:541-550. [PMID: 36966122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The integration of multiple electron-accepting skeletons into polymeric structures is the forefront of materials research for high-energy sustainable energy storage. Herein, we report the synthesis of two novel non-conjugated polymers (NCP1 and NCP2) and a model small molecule (M1) incorporated with bio-derived 4-elecron-uptaking carbonylpyridinium redox-units for alkali-ion batteries. Compared to model small molecules, the polymers exhibited improved battery performance when applied as anode materials for Li-, Na-, and K-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs/KIBs) owing to their high electrochemical activity and effective ability to suppress dissolution. By judicious selection of the benzothiadiazole redox-active linker, the performance of NCP2 was further enhanced, delivering the highest capacity and the best cycling stability; at mass loadings of up to 3.5 and 4.7 mg cm-2, the specific capacity remained at 215 and 150 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles, respectively. The Li+/Na+/K+ insertion/extraction mechanisms of NCP2 were elucidated based on experimental analyses. The insertion/extraction of Li+ was much faster than that of Na+ and K+. This study broadens the family of bio-derived carbonylpyridinium-based polymer materials for next-generation electrochemical energy storage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rani Kumar N, Agrawal AR. Advances in the Chemistry of 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200203. [PMID: 36599693 PMCID: PMC9812756 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic systems are now considered to be an integral part of material chemistry. Thiophene, selenophene, furan, pyrrole, carbazole, triazine and others are some such examples worth mentioning. 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine is a C3h -symmetric system with thiophene as the donor unit and s-triazine as the acceptor unit. This review gives an insight into the advances made in the thienyl-triazine chemistry over the past two to three decades. The synthetic pathways for arriving at this system and all its important derivatives are provided. The major focus is on the materials synthesized using the thienyl-triazine system, including star molecules, linear and hyperbranched polymers, porous materials and their diverse applications. This review will play a catalytic role for new dimensions to be explored in thienyl-triazine chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Dhemaji CollegeDhemaji787057, AssamIndia
| | - Abhijeet R. Agrawal
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem91904Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu C, Ke F, Su J, Ma X, Li X, Song Q. Cu-Catalyzed Three-Component Cascade Synthesis of 1,3-Benzothiazines from ortho-Aminohydrazones and Bromodifluoroacetamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:7861-7865. [PMID: 36239477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient synthesis of benzo[d][1,3]thiazine has been developed by employing a copper-catalyzed transformation of readily available ketone-derived hydrazones with elemental sulfur and bromodifluoroalkylative reagents. The strategy involves an S8-catalyzed selective triple-cleavage of bromodifluoroacetamides, which acts as a C1 synthon at the 2-position of benzo[d][1,3]thiazine. A mechanism proceeding through a Cu-carbene intermediate is proposed for the C-S bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Yu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Fumei Ke
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Jianke Su
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xingxing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering and College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang W, Zuo H, Cheng Z, Shi Y, Guo Z, Meng N, Thomas A, Liao Y. Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2104952. [PMID: 35181945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs' stable π-conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP-based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro- but also on the macroscale have attracted tremendous interest. In conventional synthesis procedures, CMPs are obtained as powders, but in recent years various bottom-up synthesis strategies have been developed, which yield CMPs as thin films on substrates or as hybrid materials, allowing to span length scales from individual conjugated monomers to micro-/macrostructures. This review surveys recent advances on the construction of CMPs into macroscale structures, including membranes, films, aerogels, sponges, and other architectures. The focus is to describe the underlying fabrication techniques and the implications which follow from the macroscale morphologies, involving new chemistry and physics in such materials for applications like molecular separation/filtration/adsorption, energy storage and conversion, photothermal transformation, sensing, or catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhonghua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Sekretariat BA 2, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Zhang B, Wang W, Liang L, Xu Z, Li X, Qiao S. Prevailing conjugated porous polymers for electrochemical energy storage and conversion: Lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and water-splitting. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Zhong L, Fang Z, Shu C, Mo C, Chen X, Yu D. Redox Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Ultralong-Lived Organic Anodes for Rechargeable Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10164-10171. [PMID: 33580887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we explore a new redox donor-acceptor conjugated microporous polymer (AQ-CMP) by utilizing anthraquinone and benzene as linkers via C-C linkages and demonstrate the first use of CMP as ultralong-lived anodes for rechargeable air batteries. AQ-CMP features an interconnected octupole network, which affords not only favorable electronic structure for enhanced electron transport and n-doping activity compared to linear counterpart, but also high density of active sites for maximizing the formula-weight-based redox capability. This coupled with highly cross-linked and porous structure endows AQ-CMP with a specific capacity of 202 mAh g-1 (96 % of theoretical capacity) at 2 Ag-1 and ≈100 % capacity retention over 60000 charge/discharge cycles. The assembled CMP-air full cell shows a stable and high capacity with full capacity recovery after only refreshing cathodes, while the decoupled electrolyte and cathode design boosts the discharge voltage and voltage efficiency to ≈1 V and 87.5 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhengsong Fang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chenhao Shu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chunshao Mo
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo S, Zeng Z, Wang H, Xiong W, Song B, Zhou C, Duan A, Tan X, He Q, Zeng G, Liu Z, Xiao R. Recent progress in conjugated microporous polymers for clean energy: Synthesis, modification, computer simulations, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021; 115:101374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
14
|
Zhao X, Sun P, Zhao K. The study of aggregation dynamics of conjugated polymer solutions in UV-vis absorbance spectra by considering the changing rate of average photon energy. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06638. [PMID: 33889772 PMCID: PMC8050370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The changing rate of average photon energy ('Eave) can describe the UV-vis absorbance spectra over a wavelength range. During the aggregation process of poly (3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) and poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solutions that form J-aggregates, 'Eave always decrease and the relationship between 'Eave and time is an exponential model. 'Eave can predict the time when the aggregation process is completed or how far the aggregation process is from the completion. Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP) of the solvent can be used to predict 'Eave of some conjugated polymer solutions without doing experiments. ''E0ave (changing rate of 'Eave at the beginning of the aggregation process) has been calculated to reflect the overall changing trend of 'Eave and reflects the compatibility between solvent and solute. Therefore, 'Eave is suitable to describe the aggregation dynamics of conjugated polymer solutions by evaluating the aggregation process in UV-vis absorbance spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, School of Chemical Engineering, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Peiqin Sun
- Zhengzhou University, School of Chemical Engineering, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Science, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhong L, Fang Z, Shu C, Mo C, Chen X, Yu D. Redox Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Ultralong‐Lived Organic Anodes for Rechargeable Air Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhengsong Fang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chenhao Shu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chunshao Mo
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-based Composites of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xue X, Luo J, Kong L, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Du H, Chen S, Xie Y. The synthesis of triazine-thiophene-thiophene conjugated porous polymers and their composites with carbon as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10688-10698. [PMID: 35423547 PMCID: PMC8695664 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymers based on thiophene armed triazine and different thiophene derivatives including thiophene (Th), thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT), dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT) or thieno[2′,3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene (TTTT) are synthesized through a Stille coupling reaction. By introducing thiophene derivatives with increasing sizes as the linkage units (from thiophene, DT to DTT, TTTT), the band gaps (Eg) of the resultant polymers decrease continuously. Then the composite materials (polymer@C) between polymers and Vulcan XC-72 carbon are prepared by in situ polymerization to test their electrochemical performances in lithium ion batteries. The synthesized composites show distinct morphologies due to the different linkage units of thiophene or fused cyclothiophene derivatives and the cross-linked structure can be found in composites with the longer thiophene derivatives (bridging molecules) like PTT-3@C and PTT-4@C, which are expected to be beneficial to improve the performances of the electrode materials. The specific capacities of the composites are 495 mA h g−1, 671 mA h g−1, 707 mA h g−1, and 772 mA h g−1 for PTT-1@C, PTT-2@C, PTT-3@C and PTT-4@C at a current density of 100 mA g−1, respectively. In particular, benefiting from the enlarged conjugation length and planarity of the linkage units, the conjugated microporous polymers could deliver continuously improved capacities. Four different kinds of conjugated porous polymers PTTs were synthesized and their composites with carbon material were used as the electrode materials for LIBs.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) QingDao 266580 P. R. China .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Junming Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) QingDao 266580 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu L, Zhou X, Lu L, Wu X, Wang F. Recent Developments of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for High-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5361-5407. [PMID: 32776650 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium ion batteries have been considered as a promising energy-storage solution, the performance of which depends on the electrochemical properties of each component, including cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator. Currently, fast charging is becoming an attractive research field due to the widespread application of batteries in electric vehicles, which are designated to replace conventional diesel automobiles in the future. In these batteries, rate capability, which is closely linked to the topology and morphology of electrode materials, is one of the determining parameters of interest. It has been revealed that nanotechnology is an exceptional tool in designing and preparing cathodes and anodes with outstanding electrochemical kinetics due to the well-known nanosizing effect. Nevertheless, the negative effects of applying nanomaterials in electrodes sometimes outweigh the benefits. To better understand the exact function of nanostructures in solid-state electrodes, herein, a comprehensive review is provided beginning with the fundamental theory of lithium ion transport in solids, which is then followed by a detailed analysis of several major factors affecting the migration of lithium ions in solid-state electrodes. The latest developments in characterisation techniques, based on either electrochemical or radiology methodologies, are covered as well. In addition, state-of-the-art research findings are provided to illustrate the effect of nanomaterials and nanostructures in promoting the rate performance of lithium ion batteries. Finally, several challenges and shortcomings of applying nanotechnology in fabricating high-rate lithium ion batteries are summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoLi Wu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - FengJun Wang
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|