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Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- 1Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy,2IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- 3Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- 3Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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2
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Zhou WZ, Zeng Z, Shen H, Chen W, Li T, Ma B, Sun Y, Yang F, Zhang Y, Li W, Han B, Liu X, Yuan M, Zhang G, Yang Y, Liu X, Pang KJ, Li SJ, Zhou Z. Association of PLXND1 with a novel subtype of anomalous pulmonary venous return. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1443-1452. [PMID: 34791216 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalous pulmonary venous return (APVR) is a potentially lethal congenital heart disease. Elucidating the genetic etiology is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and improving clinical practice, while its genetic basis remains largely unknown due to complex genetic etiology. We thus performed whole-exome sequencing for 144 APVR patients and 1636 healthy controls and report a comprehensive atlas of APVR-related rare genetic variants. Novel singleton, loss-of-function and deleterious missense variants (DVars) were enriched in patients, particularly for genes highly-expressed in the developing human heart at the critical time point for pulmonary veins draining into the left atrium. Notably, PLXND1, encoding a receptor for semaphorins, represents a strong candidate gene of APVR (adjusted P = 1.1e-03, OR: 10.9-69.3), accounting for 4.17% of APVR. We further validated this finding in an independent cohort consisting of 82 case-control pairs. In these two cohorts, eight DVars were identified in different patients, which convergently disrupt the GTPase-activating protein-related domain of PLXND1. All variant carriers displayed strikingly similar clinical features, in that all anomalous drainage of pulmonary vein(s) occurred on the right side and incorrectly connected to the right atrium, may representing a novel subtype of APVR for molecular diagnosis. Studies in Plxnd1 knockout mice further revealed the effects of PLXND1 deficiency on severe heart and lung defects and cellular abnormalities related to APVR such as abnormal migration and vascular formation of vascular endothelial cells. These findings indicate the important role of PLXND1 in APVR pathogenesis, providing novel insights into the genetic etiology and molecular subtyping for APVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Huayan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Baihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wenke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bianmei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | | | - Yang Yang
- Megagenomics Corporation, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Liu
- Megagenomics Corporation, Beijing, 100875, China.,Ping An Healthcare Technology, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Kun-Jing Pang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shou-Jun Li
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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Wang J, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Feng R, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Sun K, Chen AF, Lu Y, Yu Y. HMGA2 contributes to vascular development and sprouting angiogenesis by promoting IGFBP2 production. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112831. [PMID: 34547256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form from preexisting vessels and regulates the processes of embryonic development, wound healing and tumorigenesis. HMGA2 is involved in the occurrence of several cancers, but its biological role and the exact downstream genes involved in vascular development and sprouting angiogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we first found that HMGA2 knockdown in zebrafish embryos resulted in defects of central artery formation. RNA sequencing revealed that IGFBP2 was significantly downregulated by interference with HMGA2, and IGFBP2 overexpression reversed the inhibition of brain vascular development caused by HMGA2 deficiency. In vitro, we further found that HMGA2 knockdown blocked the migration, tube formation and branching of HUVECs. Similarly, IGFBP2 protein overexpression attenuated the impairments induced by HMGA2 deficiency. Moreover, the promotion of angiogenesis by HMGA2 overexpression was verified in a Matrigel plug assay. We next found that HMGA2 bound directly to a region in the IGFBP2 promoter and positively regulated IGFBP2 expression. Interestingly, the mRNA expression levels of HMGA2 and IGFBP2 were increased significantly in the peripheral blood of hemangioma patients, indicating that overexpression of HMGA2 and IGFBP2 results in vessel formation, consistent with the results of the in vivo and in vitro experiments. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HMGA2 promotes central artery formation by modulating angiogenesis via IGFBP2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Children Medicine Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yu Yu
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Vanderlaan RD, Caldarone CA. Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Incremental Knowledge Gains to Improve Outcomes. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8060481. [PMID: 34200142 PMCID: PMC8229191 DOI: 10.3390/children8060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary vein stenosis remains a considerable clinical challenge, with high mortality still present in children with progressive disease. In this review, we discuss the clinical spectrum of pulmonary vein stenosis and what is known about the etiology and potential modifying and contributing factors in progressive pulmonary vein stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Vanderlaan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-813-1500
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Piroddi N, Pesce P, Scellini B, Manzini S, Ganzetti GS, Badi I, Menegollo M, Cora V, Tiso S, Cinquetti R, Monti L, Chiesa G, Bleyl SB, Busnelli M, Dellera F, Bruno D, Caicci F, Grimaldi A, Taramelli R, Manni L, Sacerdoti D, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Ausoni S, Acquati F, Campione M. Myocardial overexpression of ANKRD1 causes sinus venosus defects and progressive diastolic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1458-1472. [PMID: 31688894 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased Ankyrin Repeat Domain 1 (ANKRD1) levels linked to gain of function mutations have been associated to total anomalous pulmonary venous return and adult cardiomyopathy occurrence in humans. The link between increased ANKRD1 level and cardiac structural and functional disease is not understood. To get insight into this problem, we have generated a gain of function ANKRD1 mouse model by overexpressing ANKRD1 in the myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Ankrd1 is expressed non-homogeneously in the embryonic myocardium, with a dynamic nucleo-sarcomeric localization in developing cardiomyocytes. ANKRD1 transgenic mice present sinus venosus defect, which originates during development by impaired remodelling of early embryonic heart. Adult transgenic hearts develop diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, which progressively evolves into heart failure, as shown histologically and haemodynamically. Transgenic cardiomyocyte structure, sarcomeric assembly, and stability are progressively impaired from embryonic to adult life. Postnatal transgenic myofibrils also present characteristic functional alterations: impaired compliance at neonatal stage and impaired lusitropism in adult hearts. Altogether, our combined analyses suggest that impaired embryonic remodelling and adult heart dysfunction in ANKRD1 transgenic mice present a common ground of initial cardiomyocyte defects, which are exacerbated postnatally. Molecular analysis showed transient activation of GATA4-Nkx2.5 transcription in early transgenic embryos and subsequent dynamic transcriptional modulation within titin gene. CONCLUSIONS ANKRD1 is a fine mediator of cardiomyocyte response to haemodynamic load in the developing and adult heart. Increased ANKRD1 levels are sufficient to initiate an altered cellular phenotype, which is progressively exacerbated into a pathological organ response by the high ventricular workload during postnatal life. Our study defines for the first time a unifying picture for ANKRD1 role in heart development and disease and provides the first mechanistic link between ANKRD1 overexpression and cardiac disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Piroddi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Pesce
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia S Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Badi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michela Menegollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Virginia Cora
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Tiso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cinquetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Steven B Bleyl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132 UT, USA
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Dellera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruno
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Caicci
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - David Sacerdoti
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Ausoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Marina Campione
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy.,CNR-Neuroscience Institute, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Li X, Shi G, Li Y, Zhang X, Xiang Y, Wang T, Li Y, Chen H, Fu Q, Zhang H, Wang B. 15q11.2 deletion is enriched in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. J Med Genet 2020; 58:jmedgenet-2019-106608. [PMID: 32376791 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CNV is a vital pathogenic factor of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, few CNVs have been reported for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), which is a rare form of CHD. Using case-control study, we identified 15q11.2 deletion associated with TAPVC. We then used a TAPVC trio as model to reveal possible molecular basis of 15q11.2 microdeletion. METHODS CNVplex and Chromosomal Microarray were used to identify and validate CNVs in samples from 231 TAPVC cases and 200 healthy controls from Shanghai Children's Medical Center. In vitro cardiomyocyte differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells for a TAPVC trio with paternal inherited 15q11.2 deletion was performed to characterise the effect of the deletion on cardiomyocyte differentiation and gene expression. RESULTS The 15q11.2 microdeletion was significantly enriched in patients with TAPVC compared with healthy control (13/231 in patients vs 0/200 in controls, p=5.872×10-2, Bonferroni adjusted) using Fisher's exact test. Induced pluripotent stem cells from the proband could not differentiate into normal cardiomyocyte. Transcriptomic analysis identified a number of differentially expressed genes in the 15q11.2 deletion carriers of the family. TAPVC disease-causing genes such as PITX2, NKX2-5 and ANKRD1 showed significantly higher expression in the proband compared with her healthy mother. Knockdown of TUBGCP5 could lead to abnormal cardiomyocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION We discovered that the 15q11.2 deletion is significantly associated with TAPVC. Gene expression profile that might arise from 15q11.2 deletion for a TAPVC family was characterised using cell experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guocheng Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obestetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Illiano P, Brambilla R, Parolini C. The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease. FEBS J 2020; 287:833-855. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Placido Illiano
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine FL USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine FL USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research BRIDGE‐Brain Research‐Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Italy
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Abstract
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects and the leading course of infant mortality. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare type of cyanotic which accounting for approximately 1-3% of congenital heart disease cases. Based on where the anomalous veins drain, TAPVC can be divided into four subtypes: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. In TAPVC, all pulmonary veins fail to link to the left atrium correctly but make abnormal connections to the right atrium or systemic venous system. The mortality of TAPVC patients without proper intervention is nearly 80% in the first year of life and 50% of them died within 3 months after birth. However, the pathogenesis and mechanism of TAPVC remains elusive. In this chapter, we systematically review the epidemiology, anatomy, and pathophysiology of TAPVC and give an overview of the research progress of TAPVC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Parolini C. A Compendium of the Biological Effects of Apolipoprotein A-IMilano. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:54-62. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Studies over several decades have documented the beneficial actions of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are plentiful in fish oil, in different disease states. Mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs include: (1) Reduction of triglyceride levels; (2) anti-arrhythmic and antithrombotic effects, and (3) resolution of inflammatory processes. The human microbiota project and subsequent studies using next-generation sequencing technology have highlighted that thousands of different microbial species are present in the human gut, and that there has been a significant variability of taxa in the microbiota composition among people. Several factors (gestational age, mode of delivery, diet, sanitation and antibiotic treatment) influence the bacterial community in the human gastrointestinal tract, and among these diet habits play a crucial role. The disturbances in the gut microbiota composition, i.e., gut dysbiosis, have been associated with diseases ranging from localized gastrointestinal disorders to neurologic, respiratory, metabolic, ocular, and cardiovascular illnesses. Many studies have been published about the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the gut microbiota/microbioma. On the contrary, PUFAs in the gut microbiota have been less well defined. However, experimental studies suggested that gut microbiota, n-3 PUFAs, and host immune cells work together to ensure the intestinal wall integrity. This review discussed current evidence concerning the links among gut microbiota, n-3 PUFAs intake, and human inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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11
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Yang Y, Xia Y, Wu Y, Huang S, Teng Y, Liu X, Li P, Chen J, Zhuang J. Ankyrin repeat domain 1: A novel gene for cardiac septal defects. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3070. [PMID: 30659708 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac septal defects account for more than 50% of congenital heart defects. Ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ANKRD1) is an important transcription factor that is mutated in multiple cardiac diseases; however, a relationship between the ANKRD1 mutation and cardiac septal defects has not been described. METHODS We examined genetic mutations in a large family with three cardiac septal defect patients. Whole exome sequencing, bioinformatics and conservation analysis were utilized to predict the pathogenicity of candidate mutations. Dual luciferase reporter assay and nuclear localization experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of target mutation. RESULTS A heterozygous, missense variant of ANKRD1 (MIM* 609599): NM_014391: exon6: c.C560T:p.S187F was identified at a highly conserved region. Sanger sequencing in extended family members demonstrated an incomplete inheritance model. When co-activated with NKX2.5, ANKRD1 repressed ANF expression as assessed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and p.S187F mutation enhanced the repressive effect (0.318 ± 0.018 versus 0.564 ± 0.048, p < 0.01). A real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that p.S187F mutation of ANKRD1 decreased the expression of endogenous ANF (0.85 ± 0.05 versus 0.61 ± 0.04, p < 0.01). Furthermore, nuclear localization experiments demonstrated that the mutation significantly decreased the nuclear distribution of ANKRD1. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to identify the p.S187F mutant of ANKRD1, which is associated with cardiac septal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufang Huang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Shi X, Huang T, Wang J, Liang Y, Gu C, Xu Y, Sun J, Lu Y, Sun K, Chen S, Yu Y. Next-generation sequencing identifies novel genes with rare variants in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:217-227. [PMID: 30448225 PMCID: PMC6306349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is recognized as a rare congenital heart defect (CHD). With a high mortality rate of approximately 80%, the survival rate and outcomes of TAPVC patients are not satisfactory. However, the genetic aetiology and mechanism of TAPVC remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the underlying genomic risks of TAPVC through next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methods Rare variants were identified through whole exome sequencing (WES) of 78 sporadic TAPVC cases and 100 healthy controls using Fisher's exact test and gene-based burden test. We then detected candidate gene expression patterns in cells, pulmonary vein tissues, and embryos. Finally, we validated these genes using target sequencing (TS) in another 100 TAPVC cases. Findings We identified 42 rare variants of 7 genes (CLTCL1, CST3, GXYLT1, HMGA2, SNAI1, VAV2, ZDHHC8) in TAPVC cases compared with controls. These genes were highly expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), mouse pulmonary veins and human embryonic hearts. mRNA levels of these genes in human pulmonary vein samples were significantly different between cases and controls. Through network analysis and expression patterns in zebrafish embryos, we revealed that SNAI1, HMGA2 and VAV2 are the most important genes for TAPVC. Interpretation Our study identifies novel candidate genes potentially related to TAPVC and elucidates the possible molecular pathogenesis of this rare congenital birth defect. Furthermore, SNAI1, HMGA2 and VAV2 are novel TAPVC candidate genes that have not been reported previously in either humans or animals. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yulai Liang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chang Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Burns TA, Deepe RN, Bullard J, Phelps AL, Toomer KA, Hiriart E, Norris RA, Haycraft CJ, Wessels A. A Novel Mouse Model for Cilia-Associated Cardiovascular Anomalies with a High Penetrance of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:136-145. [PMID: 30289203 PMCID: PMC6312498 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are small organelles projecting from the cell surface of many cell types. They play a crucial role in the regulation of various signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the importance of cilia for heart development by conditionally deleting intraflagellar transport protein Ift88 using the col3.6-cre mouse. Analysis of col3.6;Ift88 offspring showed a wide spectrum of cardiovascular defects including double outlet right ventricle and atrioventricular septal defects. In addition, we found that in the majority of specimens the pulmonary veins did not properly connect to the developing left atrium. The abnormal connections found resemble those seen in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Analysis of mutant hearts at early stages of development revealed abnormal development of the dorsal mesocardium, a second heart field-derived structure at the venous pole intrinsically related to the development of the pulmonary veins. Data presented support a crucial role for primary cilia in outflow tract development and atrioventricular septation and their significance for the formation of the second heart field-derived tissues at the venous pole including the dorsal mesocardium. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that proper formation of the dorsal mesocardium is critically important for the development of the pulmonary veins. Anat Rec, 302:136-145, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Burns
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Raymond N Deepe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John Bullard
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aimee L Phelps
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Katelynn A Toomer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Emilye Hiriart
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Courtney J Haycraft
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi
| | - Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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14
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G, Parolini C. Effects of Vegetable Proteins on Hypercholesterolemia and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1249. [PMID: 30200592 PMCID: PMC6164761 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment tools, i.e., validated risk prediction algorithms, to estimate the patient's 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be used to identify high-risk people for primary prevention. Current evidence confirms that appropriate monitoring and control of risk factors either reduces the likelihood of CVD or slows down its progression. It is thus crucial that all health professionals make appropriate use of all the available intervention strategies to control risk factors: from dietary improvement and adequate physical activity to the use of functional foods, food supplements, and drugs. The gut microbiota, which encompasses 1 × 1014 resident microorganisms, has been recently recognized as a contributing factor in the development of human disease. This review examines the effect of both some vegetable food components belong to the "protein food group" and the underexploited protein-rich hempseed on cholesterolemia and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Centro Dislipidemie, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 220162 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Asatryan B, Medeiros-Domingo A. Translating emerging molecular genetic insights into clinical practice in inherited cardiomyopathies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:993-1024. [PMID: 30128729 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are primarily genetic disorders of the myocardium associated with higher risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. The evolving knowledge in genomic medicine during the last decade has reshaped our understanding of cardiomyopathies as diseases of multifactorial nature and complex pathophysiology. Genetic testing in cardiomyopathies has subsequently grown from primarily a research tool into an essential clinical evaluation piece with important clinical implications for patients and their families. The purpose of this review is to provide with a contemporary insight into the implications of genetic testing in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of patients with inherited cardiomyopathies. Here, we summarize the contemporary knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations in inherited cardiomyopathies and highlight the recent significant achievements in the field of translational cardiovascular genetics.
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Kuroda Y, Ohashi I, Naruto T, Ida K, Enomoto Y, Saito T, Nagai JI, Yanagi S, Ueda H, Kurosawa K. Familial total anomalous pulmonary venous return with 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) microdeletion. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:1185-1188. [PMID: 30108319 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A 15q11.2 microdeletion (BP1-BP2) is associated with congenital heart diseases (CHDs), developmental delay, and epilepsy. This deletion co-occurs with CHD in 20-30% patients, but a familial case of CHD and a 15q11.2 deletion has not been identified. Here we report the first familial (three siblings) case of total anomalous pulmonary venous return associated with 15q11.2 deletion. Array comparative genomic hybridization identified a ~395 kb deletion at 15q11.2 in patient 1. This deletion was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients 1 and 3 and their asymptomatic father. No deleterious mutation was identified by proband-only exome sequencing of patient 1. One healthy sibling and their mother did not carry the deletion. This deletion is often inherited from asymptomatic parents with an estimated low penetrance of 10.4%. Conversely, we observed high penetrance of this deletion, but secondary copy-number variants or pathogenic variants were not detected in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ida
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nagai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sadamitsu Yanagi
- Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ueda
- Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
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17
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Alvarado-Terrones EG, Perea-Cabrera M, Klünder-Klünder M, Segura-Stanford B, Erdmenger-Orellana JR, Lopez-Yañez Blanco A, Hernández-Carbajal E, Granados Riverón JT, Mejía-Marín LJ, Balderrabano-Saucedo NA, Contreras-Ramos A, Díaz-Rosas G, Sánchez-Urbina R. Maternal Obesity as a Risk Factor for the Development of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in Their Offspring. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:109-13. [PMID: 29907426 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in the Caucasian population is 2.5/100,000 live births (LB), and the incidence in the Hispanic population is 19.8/100,000 LB. Without knowing the exact etiology for the development of congenital heart disease, our objective was to determine the maternal factors associated with the development of TAPVC. METHODS 55 mother-child binomials with isolated TAPVC (group I) and 152 healthy mother-child binomials (group II) were included. Both groups had no maternal history of addiction, pre-eclampsia, or type 1, 2 or gestational diabetes mellitus. Complete clinical histories were obtained for the women in both groups and perinatal and birth data were recorded. In addition, genealogies across three generations were constructed to determine affected first- or second-degree relatives with complex congenital heart disease. RESULTS Among the maternal characteristics analyzed, women in group I had a higher number of pregnancies before gestation of the index case (p = <0.05), and the Body Mass Index (BMI) before pregnancy was higher compared to Group II (p < 0.05), with an adjusted risk of OR = 3.6 (p = 0.011). The family history showed a higher prevalence in the group of patients with TAPVC compared to healthy children (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Maternal obesity before pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of CATVP in children in the Mexican population.
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18
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Li J, Yang S, Pu Z, Dai J, Jiang T, Du F, Jiang Z, Cheng Y, Dai G, Wang J, Qi J, Cao L, Cheng X, Ren C, Li X, Qin Y. Whole-exome sequencing identifies SGCD and ACVRL1 mutations associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27812-27819. [PMID: 28412737 PMCID: PMC5438610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a rare type of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD), the genetic mechanism of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) remains unknown, although previous studies have revealed potential disease-driving regions/genes. Blood samples collected from the 6 sporadic TAPVR cases and 81 non-TAPVR controls were subjected to whole exome sequencing. All detected variations were confirmed by direct Sanger sequencing. Here, we identified 2 non-synonymous missense mutations: c.C652T, p.R218W in activin A receptor type II-like 1 (ACVRL1), c.C717G, p.D239E in sarcoglycan delta (SGCD). Our results offered the landscape of mutations for TAPVR in Chinese population firstly and are valuable in the mutation-based pre- and post-natal screening and genetic diagnosis for TAPVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhening Pu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fangzhi Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Genyin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jirong Qi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xueying Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cong Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuming Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Vanderlaan RD, Caldarone CA. Surgical Approaches to Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2018; 21:83-91. [PMID: 29425529 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) constitutes a spectrum of congenital lesions whereby the pulmonary veins remain connected to systemic venous vessels or aberrantly connect to the right atrium. Definitive management requires surgical intervention and, in patients with obstruction to pulmonary venous flow, urgent operation is required. Use of temporizing catheter-based interventions allow for optimization in hemodynamically unstable neonates. Overall, survival has significantly improved over the past decades through better perioperative management and evolution of surgical approaches to minimize post-repair pulmonary vein stenosis, which persists as a major determinant of long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Vanderlaan
- University of Toronto, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Cao R, Liu S, Liu C, Chen S, Li F, Sun K, Xu R. Duplication and Deletion of 22q11 Associated with Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:585-90. [PMID: 29279955 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which pulmonary venous blood flows directly into the right side of the heart or into the systemic veins. To identify whether there is any association between 22q11 CNVs and APVC, we analyzed the clinical data of 86 APVC patients and then studied the CNVs of 22q11 in 86 sporadic APVC patients by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The results showed that two patients carried the CNVs of 22q11, one patient had the deletion of 22q11 and the other had the duplication of 22q11. The incidence was significantly higher than that in the normal population (P < 0.01) that suggests a possible etiologic association between the duplication or deletion of 22q11 and the APVC in our patients.
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Abstract
Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) not only serves as an important component of muscle sarcomere in the cytoplasm, but also acts as a transcription co-factor in the nucleus. Previous studies have demonstrated that CARP is up-regulated in some cardiovascular disorders and muscle diseases; however, its role in these diseases remains controversial now. In this review, we will discuss the continued progress in the research related to CARP, including its discovery, structure, and the role it plays in cardiac development and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xie
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Li CW, Chen BS. Investigating core genetic-and-epigenetic cell cycle networks for stemness and carcinogenic mechanisms, and cancer drug design using big database mining and genome-wide next-generation sequencing data. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2593-2607. [PMID: 27295129 PMCID: PMC5053590 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1198862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cell cycle plays a central role in development and carcinogenesis. Thus, the use of big databases and genome-wide high-throughput data to unravel the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying cell cycle progression in stem cells and cancer cells is a matter of considerable interest. Real genetic-and-epigenetic cell cycle networks (GECNs) of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and HeLa cancer cells were constructed by applying system modeling, system identification, and big database mining to genome-wide next-generation sequencing data. Real GECNs were then reduced to core GECNs of HeLa cells and ESCs by applying principal genome-wide network projection. In this study, we investigated potential carcinogenic and stemness mechanisms for systems cancer drug design by identifying common core and specific GECNs between HeLa cells and ESCs. Integrating drug database information with the specific GECNs of HeLa cells could lead to identification of multiple drugs for cervical cancer treatment with minimal side-effects on the genes in the common core. We found that dysregulation of miR-29C, miR-34A, miR-98, and miR-215; and methylation of ANKRD1, ARID5B, CDCA2, PIF1, STAMBPL1, TROAP, ZNF165, and HIST1H2AJ in HeLa cells could result in cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis through NFκB, TGF-β, and PI3K pathways. We also identified 3 drugs, methotrexate, quercetin, and mimosine, which repressed the activated cell cycle genes, ARID5B, STK17B, and CCL2, in HeLa cells with minimal side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- a Department of Electrical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- a Department of Electrical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
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Shum AMY, Fung DCY, Corley SM, McGill MC, Bentley NL, Tan TC, Wilkins MR, Polly P. Cardiac and skeletal muscles show molecularly distinct responses to cancer cachexia. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:588-99. [PMID: 26395599 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a systemic, paraneoplastic syndrome seen in patients with advanced cancer. There is growing interest in the altered muscle pathophysiology experienced by cachectic patients. This study reports the microarray analysis of gene expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle in the colon 26 (C26) carcinoma mouse model of cancer cachexia. A total of 268 genes were found to be differentially expressed in cardiac muscle tissue, compared with nontumor-bearing controls. This was fewer than the 1,533 genes that changed in cachectic skeletal muscle. In addition to different numbers of genes changing, different cellular functions were seen to change in each tissue. The cachectic heart showed signs of inflammation, similar to cachectic skeletal muscle, but did not show the upregulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processes or downregulation of genes involved in cellular energetics and muscle regeneration that characterizes skeletal muscle cachexia. Quantitative PCR was used to investigate a subset of inflammatory genes in the cardiac and skeletal muscle of independent cachectic samples; this revealed that B4galt1, C1s, Serpina3n, and Vsig4 were significantly upregulated in cardiac tissue, whereas C1s and Serpina3n were significantly upregulated in skeletal tissue. Our skeletal muscle microarray results were also compared with those from three published microarray studies and found to be consistent in terms of the genes differentially expressed and the functional processes affected. Our study highlights that skeletal and cardiac muscles are affected differently in the C26 mouse model of cachexia and that therapeutic strategies cannot assume that both muscle types will show a similar response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie M Y Shum
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C Y Fung
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan M Corley
- New South Wales Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Max C McGill
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Bentley
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia; Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Group, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy C Tan
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia; Blacktown Clinical School and Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia; and Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- New South Wales Systems Biology Initiative, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patsie Polly
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Australia, New South Wales, Australia;
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Nash D, Arrington CB, Kennedy BJ, Yandell M, Wu W, Zhang W, Ware S, Jorde LB, Gruber PJ, Yost HJ, Bowles NE, Bleyl SB. Shared Segment Analysis and Next-Generation Sequencing Implicates the Retinoic Acid Signaling Pathway in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131514. [PMID: 26121141 PMCID: PMC4485409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most isolated congenital heart defects are thought to be sporadic and are often ascribed to multifactorial mechanisms with poorly understood genetics. Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) occurs in 1 in 15,000 live-born infants and occurs either in isolation or as part of a syndrome involving aberrant left-right development. Previously, we reported causative links between TAVPR and the PDGFRA gene. TAPVR has also been linked to the ANKRD1/CARP genes. However, these genes only explain a small fraction of the heritability of the condition. By examination of phased single nucleotide polymorphism genotype data from 5 distantly related TAPVR patients we identified a single 25 cM shared, Identical by Descent genomic segment on the short arm of chromosome 12 shared by 3 of the patients and their obligate-carrier parents. Whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis identified a non-synonymous variant within the shared segment in the retinol binding protein 5 (RBP5) gene. The RBP5 variant is predicted to be deleterious and is overrepresented in the TAPVR population. Gene expression and functional analysis of the zebrafish orthologue, rbp7, supports the notion that RBP5 is a TAPVR susceptibility gene. Additional sequence analysis also uncovered deleterious variants in genes associated with retinoic acid signaling, including NODAL and retinol dehydrogenase 10. These data indicate that genetic variation in the retinoic acid signaling pathway confers, in part, susceptibility to TAPVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Nash
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Cammon B. Arrington
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Brett J. Kennedy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Wilfred Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Wenying Zhang
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Ware
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Lynn B. Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Gruber
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - H. Joseph Yost
- Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Bowles
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NEB); (SBB)
| | - Steven B. Bleyl
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Cardiology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Clinical Genetic Institute, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NEB); (SBB)
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Kim HS, Jeong K, Cho HJ, Choi WY, Choi YE, Ma JS, Cho YK. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return in siblings. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2014; 22:213-9. [PMID: 25580197 PMCID: PMC4286644 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2014.22.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare and critical congenital vascular anomaly that requires an early operation. However, initial symptoms of TAPVR may be non-specific, and cardiovascular findings may be minimal. The heart may not be enlarged and there is often no cardiac murmur. Without cardiac murmur, these symptoms are similar to those of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion and an early diagnosis of TAPVR are important. This condition generally occurs without a family history and has a low recurrence rate, but several familial cases, including siblings, have been reported worldwide. Additionally, several chromosomal or gene abnormalities associated with TAPVR have been reported. In the case presented here, two brothers with a 6-year age gap were diagnosed with TAPVR. Surgery was performed without cardiac or neurological complications. This is the first report on TAPVR in siblings in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kumi Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woo-Yeon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Earl Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Sook Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Kuk Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Abstract
Cardiovascular malformations are a singularly important class of birth defects and due to dramatic improvements in medical and surgical care, there are now large numbers of adult survivors. The etiologies are complex, but there is strong evidence that genetic factors play a crucial role. Over the last 15 years there has been enormous progress in the discovery of causative genes for syndromic heart malformations and in rare families with Mendelian forms. The rapid characterization of genomic disorders as major contributors to congenital heart defects is also notable. The genes identified encode many transcription factors, chromatin regulators, growth factors and signal transduction proteins- all unified by their required roles in normal cardiac development. Genome-wide sequencing of the coding regions promises to elucidate genetic causation in several disorders affecting cardiac development. Such comprehensive studies evaluating both common and rare variants would be essential in characterizing gene-gene interactions, as well as in understanding the gene-environment interactions that increase susceptibility to congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Degenhardt K, Singh MK, Aghajanian H, Massera D, Wang Q, Li J, Li L, Choi C, Yzaguirre AD, Francey LJ, Gallant E, Krantz ID, Gruber PJ, Epstein JA. Semaphorin 3d signaling defects are associated with anomalous pulmonary venous connections. Nat Med 2013; 19:760-5. [PMID: 23685842 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a potentially lethal congenital disorder that occurs when the pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium, allowing mixing of pulmonary and systemic blood. In contrast to the extensive knowledge of arterial vascular patterning, little is known about the patterning of veins. Here we show that the secreted guidance molecule semaphorin 3d (Sema3d) is crucial for the normal patterning of pulmonary veins. Prevailing models suggest that TAPVC occurs when the midpharyngeal endothelial strand (MES), the precursor of the common pulmonary vein, does not form at the proper location on the dorsal surface of the embryonic common atrium. However, we found that TAPVC occurs in Sema3d mutant mice despite normal formation of the MES. In these embryos, the maturing pulmonary venous plexus does not anastomose uniquely with the properly formed MES. In the absence of Sema3d, endothelial tubes form in a region that is normally avascular, resulting in aberrant connections. Normally, Sema3d provides a repulsive cue to endothelial cells in this area, establishing a boundary. Sequencing of SEMA3D in individuals with anomalous pulmonary veins identified a phenylalanine-to-leucine substitution that adversely affects SEMA3D function. These results identify Sema3d as a crucial pulmonary venous patterning cue and provide experimental evidence for an alternate developmental model to explain abnormal pulmonary venous connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Degenhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Crocini C, Arimura T, Reischmann S, Eder A, Braren I, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Kimura A, Carrier L. Impact of ANKRD1 mutations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on contraction parameters of engineered heart tissue. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:349. [PMID: 23572067 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disease associated with mutations in sarcomeric genes. Three mutations were found in ANKRD1, encoding ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ANKRD1), a transcriptional co-factor located in the sarcomere. In the present study, we investigated whether expression of HCM-associated ANKRD1 mutations affects contraction parameters after gene transfer in engineered heart tissues (EHTs). EHTs were generated from neonatal rat heart cells and were transduced with adeno-associated virus encoding GFP or myc-tagged wild-type (WT) or mutant (P52A, T123M, or I280V) ANKRD1. Contraction parameters were analyzed from day 8 to day 16 of culture, and evaluated in the absence or presence of the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin for 24 h. Under standard conditions, only WT- and T123M-ANKRD1 were correctly incorporated in the sarcomere. T123M-ANKRD1-transduced EHTs exhibited higher force and velocities of contraction and relaxation than WT- P52A- and I280V-ANKRD1 were highly unstable, not incorporated into the sarcomere, and did not induce contractile alterations. After epoxomicin treatment, P52A and I280V were both stabilized and incorporated into the sarcomere. I280V-transduced EHTs showed prolonged relaxation. These data suggest different impacts of ANKRD1 mutations on cardiomyocyte function: gain-of-function for T123M mutation under all conditions and dominant-negative effect for the I280V mutation which may come into play only when the proteasome is impaired.
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Song Y, Xu J, Li Y, Jia C, Ma X, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhang Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Zhu D. Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibition of ERK1/2 and TGF-β signaling pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50436. [PMID: 23227174 PMCID: PMC3515619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been reported that cardiac ankyrin repeat protein is associated with heart development and diseases. This study is aimed to investigate the role of CARP in heart hypertrophy in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a cardiac-specific CARP-overexpressing transgenic mouse. Although such animals did not display any overt physiological abnormality, they developed less cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload than did wildtype mice, as indicated by heart weight/body weight ratios, echocardiographic and histological analyses, and expression of hypertrophic markers. These mice also exhibited less cardiac hypertrophy after infusion of isoproterenol. To gain a molecular insight into how CARP attenuated heart hypertrophy, we examined expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and found that the concentrations of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and MEK were markedly reduced in the hearts of transgenic mice subjected to pressure overload. In addition, the expressions of TGF-β and phosphorylated Smad3 were significantly downregulated in the hearts of CARP Tg mice in response to pressure overload. Furthermore, addition of human TGF-β1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of CARP on the hypertrophic response induced by phenylephrine in cardiomyocytes. It was also evidenced that the inhibitory effect of CARP on cardiac hypertrophy was not attributed to apoptosis. CONCLUSION CARP attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, in which the ERK and TGF-β pathways may be involved. Our findings highlight the significance of CARP as an anti-hypertrophic factor in therapy of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshi Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- National Resource Center for Mutant Mice Model Animal Research of Nanjing University, Pukou High-Tech District, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (YZ); (XG)
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (YZ); (XG)
| | - Dahai Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (YZ); (XG)
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30
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Samaras SE, Chen B, Koch SR, Sawyer DB, Lim CC, Davidson JM. 26S proteasome regulation of Ankrd1/CARP in adult rat ventricular myocytes and human microvascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:830-5. [PMID: 22892129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat domain 1 protein (Ankrd1), also known as cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), increases dramatically after tissue injury, and its overexpression improves aspects of wound healing. Reports that Ankrd1/CARP protein stability may affect cardiovascular organization, together with our findings that the protein is crucial to stability of the cardiomyocyte sarcomere and increased in wound healing, led us to compare the contribution of Ankrd1/CARP stability to its abundance. We found that the 26S proteasome is the dominant regulator of Ankrd1/CARP degradation, and that Ankrd1/CARP half-life is significantly longer in cardiomyocytes (h) than endothelial cells (min). In addition, higher endothelial cell density decreased the abundance of the protein without affecting steady state mRNA levels. Taken together, our data and that of others indicate that Ankrd1/CARP is highly regulated at multiple levels of its expression. The striking difference in protein half-life between a muscle and a non-muscle cell type suggests that post-translational proteolysis is correlated with the predominantly structural versus regulatory role of the protein in the two cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Samaras
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2561, USA
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31
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Griesi-Oliveira K, Moreira DDP, Davis-Wright N, Sanders S, Mason C, Orabona GM, Vadasz E, Bertola DR, State MW, Passos-Bueno MR. A complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 2, 5, and X in autism spectrum disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:529-36. [PMID: 22592906 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a female patient with autism spectrum disorder and dysmorphic features that harbors a complex genetic alteration, involving a de novo balanced translocation t(2;X)(q11;q24), a 5q11 segmental trisomy and a maternally inherited isodisomy on chromosome 5. All the possibly damaging genetic effects of such alterations are discussed. In light of recent findings on ASD genetic causes, the hypothesis that all these alterations might be acting in orchestration and contributing to the phenotype is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Griesi-Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Granados-Riveron JT, Brook JD. Formation, contraction, and mechanotransduction of myofribrils in cardiac development: clues from genetics. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:504906. [PMID: 22720160 DOI: 10.1155/2012/504906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect in humans. It is a leading infant mortality factor worldwide, caused by defective cardiac development. Mutations in transcription factors, signalling and structural molecules have been shown to contribute to the genetic component of CHD. Recently, mutations in genes encoding myofibrillar proteins expressed in the embryonic heart have also emerged as an important genetic causative factor of the disease, which implies that the contraction of the early heart primordium contributes to its morphogenesis. This notion is supported by increasing evidence suggesting that not only contraction but also formation, mechanosensing, and mechanotransduction of the cardiac myofibrillar proteins influence heart development. In this paper, we summarize the genetic clues supporting this idea.
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout life. Mutations in numerous transcription factors have been identified in patients and families with some of the most common forms of cardiac malformations and arrhythmias. This review discusses transcription factor pathways known to be important for normal heart development and how abnormalities in these pathways have been linked to morphological and functional forms of congenital heart defects. A comprehensive, current list of known transcription factor mutations associated with congenital heart disease is provided, but the review focuses primarily on three key transcription factors, Nkx2-5, GATA4, and Tbx5, and their known biochemical and genetic partners. By understanding the interaction partners, transcriptional targets, and upstream activators of these core cardiac transcription factors, additional information about normal heart formation and further insight into genes and pathways affected in congenital heart disease should result.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McCulley
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Watkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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35
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Douglas YL, Jongbloed MR, Deruiter MC, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. Normal and abnormal development of pulmonary veins: State of the art and correlation with clinical entities. Int J Cardiol 2011; 147:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ng SY, Wong CK, Tsang SY. Differential gene expressions in atrial and ventricular myocytes: insights into the road of applying embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for future therapies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C1234-49. [PMID: 20844252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00402.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries over the past few decades. The transplantation of cardiomyocytes offers a potential method of treatment. However, cardiomyocytes are in high demand and their supply is extremely limited. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which have been isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, can self-renew and are pluripotent, meaning they have the ability to develop into any type of cell, including cardiomyocytes. This suggests that ESCs could be a good source of genuine cardiomyocytes for future therapeutic purposes. However, problems with the yield and purity of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, among other hurdles for the therapeutic application of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes (e.g., potential immunorejection and tumor formation problems), need to be overcome before these cells can be used effectively for cell replacement therapy. ESC-derived cardiomyocytes consist of nodal, atrial, and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Specifically, for treatment of myocardial infarction, transplantation of a sufficient quantity of ventricular cardiomyocytes, rather than nodal or atrial cardiomyocytes, is preferred. Hence, it is important to find ways of increasing the yield and purity of specific types of cardiomyocytes. Atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes have differential expression of genes (transcription factors, structural proteins, ion channels, etc.) and are functionally distinct. This paper presents a thorough review of differential gene expression in atrial and ventricular myocytes, their expression throughout development, and their regulation. An understanding of the molecular and functional differences between atrial and ventricular myocytes allows discussion of potential strategies for preferentially directing ESCs to differentiate into chamber-specific cells, or for fine tuning the ESC-derived cardiomyocytes into specific electrical and contractile phenotypes resembling chamber-specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ying Ng
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Abstract
MARP Protein Family: A Possible Role in Molecular Mechanisms of TumorigenesisThe MARP (muscle ankyrin repeat protein) family comprises three structurally similar proteins: CARP/Ankrd1, Ankrd2/Arpp and DARP/Ankrd23. They share four conserved copies of 33-residue ankyrin repeats and contain a nuclear localization signal, allowing the sorting of MARPs to the nucleus. They are found both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, suggesting that MARPs shuttle within the cell enabling them to play a role in signal transduction in striated muscle. Expression of MARPs is altered under different pathological conditions. In skeletal muscle, CARP/Ankrd1 and Ankrd2/Arpp are up-regulated in muscle in patients suffering from Duchene muscular dystrophy, congenital myopathy and spinal muscular atrophy. Mutations inAnkrd1gene (coding CARP/Ankrd1) were identified in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Altered expression of MARPs is also observed in rhabdomyosarcoma, renal oncocytoma and ovarian cancer. In order to functionally characterize MARP family members CARP/Ankrd1 and Ankrd2/Arpp, we have found that both proteins interact with the tumor suppressor p53 bothin vivoandin vitroand that p53 up-regulates their expression. Our results implicate the potential role of MARPs in molecular mechanisms relevant to tumor response and progression.
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38
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Abstract
The genetic defect in most patients with non-syndromic congenital heart malformations (CHM) is unknown, although more than 40 different genes have already been implicated. Only a minority of CHM seems to be due to monogenetic mutations, and the majority occurs sporadically. The multifactorial inheritance hypothesis of common diseases suggesting that the cumulative effect of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors leads to disease, might also apply for CHM. We review here the monogenic disease genes with high-penetrance mutations, susceptibility genes with reduced-penetrance mutations, and somatic mutations implicated in non-syndromic CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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40
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Badi I, Cinquetti R, Frascoli M, Parolini C, Chiesa G, Taramelli R, Acquati F. Intracellular ANKRD1 protein levels are regulated by 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2486-92. [PMID: 19589340 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ANKRD1/CARP gene encodes a muscle-specific protein which has been implicated in transcriptional regulation and myofibrillar assembly. Several features at both the mRNA and protein levels define ANKRD1 as a gene whose expression is tightly regulated, and deregulated expression of this protein has been recently associated to human congenital heart disease. It is therefore crucial to define the intracellular pathways that regulate the ANKRD1 protein's steady-state levels. Here, we show that ANKRD1 is a short-lived protein whose levels are tightly regulated by the 26S proteasome. In addition, a critical role for a putative PEST motif was established, although other degrons within the ANKRD1 protein are likely implicated in the control of its intracellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Badi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze Molecolari, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Arimura T, Bos JM, Sato A, Kubo T, Okamoto H, Nishi H, Harada H, Koga Y, Moulik M, Doi YL, Towbin JA, Ackerman MJ, Kimura A. Cardiac Ankyrin Repeat Protein Gene (ANKRD1) Mutations in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:334-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Duboscq-bidot L, Charron P, Ruppert V, Fauchier L, Richter A, Tavazzi L, Arbustini E, Wichter T, Maisch B, Komajda M, Isnard R, Villard E. Mutations in the ANKRD1 gene encoding CARP are responsible for human dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:2128-36. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Fu Y, Chang A, Chang L, Niessen K, Eapen S, Setiadi A, Karsan A. Differential regulation of transforming growth factor beta signaling pathways by Notch in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:19452-62. [PMID: 19473993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.011833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) play critical roles in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process that is essential for heart development. Previously, we have shown that Notch and TGFbeta signaling synergistically induce Snail expression in endothelial cells, which is required for EndMT in cardiac cushion morphogenesis. Here, we report that Notch activation modulates TGFbeta signaling pathways in a receptor-activated Smad (R-Smad)-specific manner. Notch activation inhibits TGFbeta/Smad1 and TGFbeta/Smad2 signaling pathways by decreasing the expression of Smad1 and Smad2 and their target genes. In contrast, Notch increases SMAD3 mRNA expression and protein half-life and regulates the expression of TGFbeta/Smad3 target genes in a gene-specific manner. Inhibition of Notch in the cardiac cushion of mouse embryonic hearts reduces Smad3 expression. Notch and TGFbeta synergistically up-regulate a subset of genes by recruiting Smad3 to both Smad and CSL binding sites and cooperatively inducing histone H4 acetylation. This is the first evidence that Notch activation affects R-Smad expression and that cooperative induction of histone acetylation at specific promoters underlies the selective synergy between Notch and TGFbeta signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxin Fu
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z IL3, Canada
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Torrado M, Iglesias R, Nespereira B, Centeno A, López E, Mikhailov AT. Intron retention generates ANKRD1 splice variants that are co-regulated with the main transcript in normal and failing myocardium. Gene 2009; 440:28-41. [PMID: 19341785 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac ankyrin repeat domain 1 protein (ANKRD1, also known as CARP) has been extensively characterized with regard to its proposed functions as a cardio-enriched transcriptional co-factor and stress-inducible myofibrillar protein. The present results show the occurrence of alternative splicing by intron retention events in the pig and human ankrd1 gene. In pig heart, ankrd1 is expressed as four alternatively spliced transcripts, three of which have non-excised introns: ankrd1-contained introns 6, 7 and 8 (i.e., ankrd1-i6,7,8), ankrd1-contained introns 7 and 8 (i.e., ankrd1-i7,8), and ankrd1 retained only intron 8 (i.e., ankrd1-i8). In the human heart, two orthologues of porcine intron-retaining ankrd1 variants (i.e., ankrd1-i8 and ankrd1-i7,8) are detected. We demonstrate that these newly-identified intron-retaining ankrd1 transcripts are functionally intact, efficiently translated into protein in vitro and exported to the cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes in vivo. In the piglet heart, both the intronless and intron-retaining ankrd1 mRNAs are co-expressed in a chamber-dependent manner being more abundant in the left as compared to the right myocardium. Our data further indicate co-upregulation of the ankrd1 spliced variants in myocardium in the porcine model of diastolic heart failure. Most significantly, we demonstrate that in vivo forced expression of recombinant intronless ankrd1 markedly increases the levels of intron-retaining ankrd1 variants (but not of the endogenous main transcript) in piglet myocardium, suggesting that ANKRD1 may positively regulate the expression of its own intron-containing RNAs in response to cardiac stress. Overall, our findings demonstrate that in cardiomyocytes ANKRD1 can exist in multiple isoforms which may contribute to the functional diversity of this factor in heart development and disease.
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