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Parolini C. The Role of Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory-Based Disease: The Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:17. [PMID: 38248642 PMCID: PMC10817514 DOI: 10.3390/md22010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a conserved process that involves the activation of immune and non-immune cells aimed at protecting the host from bacteria, viruses, toxins and injury. However, unresolved inflammation and the permanent release of pro-inflammatory mediators are responsible for the promotion of a condition called "low-grade systemic chronic inflammation", which is characterized by tissue and organ damage, metabolic changes and an increased susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. Several studies have demonstrated that different dietary components may influence modifiable risk factors for diverse chronic human pathologies. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are well-recognized anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents that are able to influence many aspects of the inflammatory process. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature that relates to the modulation of human disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, by n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Rodolfo Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Ganzetti GS, Parolini C. Microarray analysis identifies human apoA-I Milano and apoA-II as determinants of the liver gene expression related to lipid and energy metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113826. [PMID: 37858836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of individuals carrying the apolipoprotein A-IMilano (apoA-IM), the mutant form of human apoA-I (apoA-I), is characterized by very low concentrations of HDL and apoA-I, and hypertriglyceridemia. Paradoxically, these subjects are not found to be at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease compared to controls. Besides, various in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that apoA-IM possesses greater anti-atherosclerotic activity compared to apoA-I. The molecular mechanisms explaining the apoA-IM carrier's phenotype and the apoA-IM higher efficacy are still not fully elucidated. To investigate such mechanisms, we crossed previously generated apoA-I (A-I k-in) or apoA-IM knock-in mice (A-IM k-in) with transgenic mice expressing human apoA-II but lacking murine apoA-I (hA-II) to generate hA-II/A-I k-in, and hA-II/A-IM k-in, respectively. These genetically modified mice completely reproduced the apoA-IM carrier's phenotype, including hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, by using the microarray methodology, we investigated the intrinsic differences in hepatic gene expression among these k-in mouse lines. The expression of 871, 1,018, 1129 and 764 genes was significantly altered between 1) hA-II/A-I and hA-II/A-IM k-in; 2) A-IM and hA-II/A-IM k-in; 3) A-I and A-IM; 4) A-I and hA-II/A-I k-in liver samples, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted that the hepatic expression of two genes, Elovl6 and Gatm, related to fatty acid/lipid and energy metabolism, respectively, is influenced by the presence of the apoA-IM natural variant and/or apoA-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia S Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Parolini C, Amedei A. Editorial: Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: Relevance in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:613511. [PMID: 33424614 PMCID: PMC7786398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence, Italy
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Ganzetti G, Rigamonti E, Parolini C. Liver microarray analysis identifies human A-Imilano and A-II as determinants of the gene expression related to lipid and energy metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Parolini C. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Efficacy on inflammatory-based disorders. Life Sci 2020; 263:118591. [PMID: 33069735 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological response to injury, stimulating tissue repair and regeneration. However, the presence of peculiar individual conditions can negatively perturb the resolution phase eventually leading to a state of low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, characterized by tissue and organ damages and increased susceptibility to non-communicable disease. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to influence many aspects of this process. Experiments performed in various animal models of obesity, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis have demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs can modulate the basic mechanisms as well as the disease progression. This review describes the available data from experimental studies to the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Illiano P, Brambilla R, Parolini C. The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease. FEBS J 2020; 287:833-855. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Placido Illiano
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine FL USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine FL USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research BRIDGE‐Brain Research‐Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Parolini C. A Compendium of the Biological Effects of Apolipoprotein A-IMilano. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:54-62. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Studies over several decades have documented the beneficial actions of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are plentiful in fish oil, in different disease states. Mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs include: (1) Reduction of triglyceride levels; (2) anti-arrhythmic and antithrombotic effects, and (3) resolution of inflammatory processes. The human microbiota project and subsequent studies using next-generation sequencing technology have highlighted that thousands of different microbial species are present in the human gut, and that there has been a significant variability of taxa in the microbiota composition among people. Several factors (gestational age, mode of delivery, diet, sanitation and antibiotic treatment) influence the bacterial community in the human gastrointestinal tract, and among these diet habits play a crucial role. The disturbances in the gut microbiota composition, i.e., gut dysbiosis, have been associated with diseases ranging from localized gastrointestinal disorders to neurologic, respiratory, metabolic, ocular, and cardiovascular illnesses. Many studies have been published about the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the gut microbiota/microbioma. On the contrary, PUFAs in the gut microbiota have been less well defined. However, experimental studies suggested that gut microbiota, n-3 PUFAs, and host immune cells work together to ensure the intestinal wall integrity. This review discussed current evidence concerning the links among gut microbiota, n-3 PUFAs intake, and human inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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Parolini C, Adorni MP, Busnelli M, Manzini S, Cipollari E, Favari E, Lorenzon P, Ganzetti GS, Fingerle J, Bernini F, Chiesa G. Infusions of Large Synthetic HDL Containing Trimeric apoA-I Stabilize Atherosclerotic Plaques in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1400-1408. [PMID: 31495683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among strategies to reduce the remaining risk of cardiovascular disease, interest has focused on using infusions of synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL). METHODS New Zealand rabbits underwent a perivascular injury at both carotids and were randomly allocated into 2 protocols: (1) a single-dose study, where rabbits were treated with a single infusion of sHDL containing a trimeric form of human apoA-I (TN-sHDL, 200 mg/kg) or with Placebo; (2) a multiple-dose study, where 4 groups of rabbits were treated 5 times with Placebo or TN-sHDL at different doses (8, 40, 100 mg/kg). Plaque changes were analysed in vivo by intravascular ultrasound. Blood was drawn from rabbits for biochemical analyses and cholesterol efflux capacity evaluation. RESULTS In both protocols, atheroma volume in the Placebo groups increased between the first and the second intravascular ultrasound evaluation. A stabilization or a slight regression was instead observed vs baseline in the TN-sHDL-treated groups (P < 0.005 vs Placebo after infusion). TN-sHDL treatment caused a sharp rise of plasma-free cholesterol levels and a significant increase of total cholesterol efflux capacity. Histologic analysis of carotid plaques showed a reduced macrophage accumulation in TN-sHDL-treated rabbits compared with Placebo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that acute and subacute treatments with TN-sHDL are effective in stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model. This effect appears to be related to a reduced intraplaque accumulation of inflammatory cells. Besides recent failures in proving its efficacy, sHDL treatment remains a fascinating therapeutic option for the reduction of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elda Favari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Lorenzon
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia S Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Juergen Fingerle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Manzini S, Busnelli M, Parolini C, Minoli L, Ossoli A, Brambilla E, Simonelli S, Lekka E, Persidis A, Scanziani E, Chiesa G. Topiramate protects apoE-deficient mice from kidney damage without affecting plasma lipids. Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:189-200. [PMID: 30593851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topiramate is an anticonvulsant drug also prescribed for migraine prophylaxis that acts through several mechanisms of action. Several studies indicate that topiramate induces weight loss and a moderate reduction of plasma lipids and glucose. Based on these favourable metabolic effects, aim of this study was to evaluate if topiramate could modulate atherosclerosis development and protect target organs of dysmetabolic conditions. Thirty apoE-deficient mice were divided into three groups and fed for 12 weeks a high fat diet (Control) or the same diet containing topiramate at 0.125% and 0.250%. Body weight, water and food intake were monitored throughout the study. Plasma lipids and glucose levels were measured and a glucose tolerance test was performed. Atherosclerosis development was evaluated in the whole aorta and at the aortic sinus. Histological analysis of liver, kidney and adipose tissue was performed. Topiramate did not affect weight gain and food intake. Glucose tolerance and plasma lipids were not changed and, in turn, atherosclerosis development was not different among groups. Topiramate did not modify liver and adipose tissue histology. Conversely, in the kidneys, the treatment reduced the occurrence of glomerular lipidosis by decreasing foam cells accumulation and reducing the expression of inflammatory markers. Blood urea nitrogen levels were also reduced by treatment. Our results indicate that topiramate does not affect atherosclerosis development, but preserves kidney structure and function. The study suggests that topiramate could be investigated in drug repurposing studies for the treatment of glomerular lipidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Brambilla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Simonelli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eftychia Lekka
- Biovista, 34 Rodopoleos Street Ellinikon, Athens 16777, Greece
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G, Parolini C. Effects of Vegetable Proteins on Hypercholesterolemia and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1249. [PMID: 30200592 PMCID: PMC6164761 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment tools, i.e., validated risk prediction algorithms, to estimate the patient's 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be used to identify high-risk people for primary prevention. Current evidence confirms that appropriate monitoring and control of risk factors either reduces the likelihood of CVD or slows down its progression. It is thus crucial that all health professionals make appropriate use of all the available intervention strategies to control risk factors: from dietary improvement and adequate physical activity to the use of functional foods, food supplements, and drugs. The gut microbiota, which encompasses 1 × 1014 resident microorganisms, has been recently recognized as a contributing factor in the development of human disease. This review examines the effect of both some vegetable food components belong to the "protein food group" and the underexploited protein-rich hempseed on cholesterolemia and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Centro Dislipidemie, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 220162 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Manzini S, Busnelli M, Parolini C, Ferrari B, Scanziani E, Chiesa G. Fenretinide exacerbates atherosclerosis in spite of beneficial metabolic effects. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Parolini C, Manzini S, Busnelli M, Brambilla E, Scanziani E, Chiesa G. Topiramate ameliorates glomerular lipidosis in western diet fed apoE knock-out mice. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Parolini C, Bjorndal B, Busnelli M, Manzini S, Ganzetti GS, Dellera F, Ramsvik M, Bruheim I, Berge RK, Chiesa G. Effect of Dietary Components from Antarctic Krill on Atherosclerosis in apoE-Deficient Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28812326 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Antarctic krill is a great source of n-3 fatty acids and high-quality proteins. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Antarctic krill components on plasma lipids and atherosclerosis development. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty apoEKO mice were divided into four groups and fed Western diet (CONTROL) or Western-like diets, differing for protein or fat content. Specifically, casein or fat in CONTROL was partially replaced by krill proteins (PRO), krill oil (KRILL OIL), or both (KRILL OIL+PRO). In KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL, cholesterol levels were significantly lower than in CONTROL group. Atherosclerosis in aorta of PRO, KRILL OIL and KRILL OIL+PRO was lower than in CONTROL, whereas, at the aortic sinus, atherosclerosis reduction was only observed in KRILL OIL. Liver steatosis, commonly present in CONTROL and PRO animals, was sporadic in KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL mice. Krill oil containing diets affected the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, mainly HMG-CoA reductase. No reduced systemic inflammation was found in all groups. CONCLUSION Krill oil containing diets were able to reduce cholesterol levels, inhibit plaque development and prevent liver damage. Krill proteins also reduced atherosclerosis development through mechanisms not involving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Bodil Bjorndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia S Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Dellera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marie Ramsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Rimfrost AS, N-6099, Fosnavaag, Norway
| | | | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Busnelli M, Bruneau A, Manzini S, Boukadiri A, Philippe C, Parolini C, Chiesa G, Gerard P. Effect of different microbiota on lipid metabolism, liver steatosis and intestinal homeostasis in mice fed a low-protein diet. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Parolini C, Ganzetti GS, Manzini S, Monti L, Chiesa G, Busnelli M, Dellera F, Badi I, Campione M, Acquati F. Dysregulated expression of Ankyrin repeat domain 1 in the developing myocardium causes anomalous venous return and morphogenetic defects by impairing cardiac remodelling. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Manzini S, Busnelli M, Hilvo M, Chiara M, Parolini C, Dellera F, Ganzetti G, Horner D, Laaksonen R, Chiesa G. Integrated high-throughput mirnomics and lipidomics allow a detailed dissection of mirna to molecular lipid levels correlations in wild-type, PCSK9 and LDLR knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Hilvo M, Parolini C, Ganzetti GS, Dellera F, Ekroos K, Jänis M, Escalante-Alcalde D, Sirtori CR, Laaksonen R, Chiesa G. Liver-specific deletion of the Plpp3 gene alters plasma lipid composition and worsens atherosclerosis in apoE -/- mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44503. [PMID: 28291223 PMCID: PMC5349609 DOI: 10.1038/srep44503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The PLPP3 gene encodes for a ubiquitous enzyme that dephosphorylates several lipid substrates. Genome-wide association studies identified PLPP3 as a gene that plays a role in coronary artery disease susceptibility. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Plpp3 deletion on atherosclerosis development in mice. Because the constitutive deletion of Plpp3 in mice is lethal, conditional Plpp3 hepatocyte-specific null mice were generated by crossing floxed Plpp3 mice with animals expressing Cre recombinase under control of the albumin promoter. The mice were crossed onto the athero-prone apoE-/- background to obtain Plpp3f/fapoE-/-Alb-Cre+ and Plpp3f/fapoE-/-Alb-Cre- offspring, the latter of which were used as controls. The mice were fed chow or a Western diet for 32 or 12 weeks, respectively. On the Western diet, Alb-Cre+ mice developed more atherosclerosis than Alb-Cre- mice, both at the aortic sinus and aorta. Lipidomic analysis showed that hepatic Plpp3 deletion significantly modified the levels of several plasma lipids involved in atherosclerosis, including lactosylceramides, lysophosphatidic acids, and lysophosphatidylinositols. In conclusion, Plpp3 ablation in mice worsened atherosclerosis development. Lipidomic analysis suggested that the hepatic Plpp3 deletion may promote atherosclerosis by increasing plasma levels of several low-abundant pro-atherogenic lipids, thus providing a molecular basis for the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia S Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Dellera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Minna Jänis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Mx. 04510, México
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Parolini C, Dellera F, Ganzetti G, Manzini S, Busnelli M, Ramsvik M, Bjorndal B, Bruheim I, Berge R, Chiesa G. Impact of oil and proteins derived from Antarctic krill on atherosclerosis development in apoEKO mice. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Hilvo M, Parolini C, Ganzetti G, Dellera F, Ekroos K, Jänis M, Sirtori C, Laaksonen R, Chiesa G. Hepatocyte-specific PPAP2B ablation increases plasma levels of several minor pro-atherogenic lipid species and worsens atherosclerosis in apoE -/- MICE. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chiesa G, Busnelli M, Parolini C, Manzini S, Ganzetti G, Dellera F, Suoniemi M, Hilvo M, Hurme R, Ekroos K, Sirtori C, Laaksonen R. Lipidomics of plasma, liver and aorta of Pcsk9-KO mice. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dellera F, Ganzetti GS, Froio A, Manzini S, Busnelli M, Meinitzer A, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G, Parolini C. L-homoarginine administration reduces neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotids. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:400-2. [PMID: 27279573 DOI: 10.1160/th15-10-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplementary Material to this article is available at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cinzia Parolini
- Cinzia Parolini, PhD, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 02 50318328, Fax: +39 02-50318284, E-mail:
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Chiesa G, Busnelli M, Manzini S, Parolini C. Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Components from Fish for Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14060113. [PMID: 27338419 PMCID: PMC4926072 DOI: 10.3390/md14060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the most common health problem in developed countries, and residual risk after implementing all current therapies is still high. Permanent changes in lifestyle may be hard to achieve and people may not always be motivated enough to make the recommended modifications. Emerging research has explored the application of natural food-based strategies in disease management. In recent years, much focus has been placed on the beneficial effects of fish consumption. Many of the positive effects of fish consumption on dyslipidemia and heart diseases have been attributed to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs, i.e., EPA and DHA); however, fish is also an excellent source of protein and, recently, fish protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides have shown promising activities for the prevention/management of cardiovascular disease and associated health complications. The present review will focus on n-3 PUFAs and bioactive peptides effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Moreover, since considerable controversy exists regarding the association between n-3 PUFAs and major cardiovascular endpoints, we have also reviewed the main clinical trials supporting or not this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milano 20133, Italy.
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Arnaboldi F, Busnelli M, Cornaghi L, Manzini S, Parolini C, Dellera F, Ganzetti GS, Sirtori CR, Donetti E, Chiesa G. High-density lipoprotein deficiency in genetically modified mice deeply affects skin morphology: A structural and ultrastructural study. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:105-12. [PMID: 26241937 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous lipids, endogenously synthetized and transported by lipoproteins, play a pivotal role in maintaining skin barrier. An impairment of extracutaneous lipid trafficking leads to the development of xanthomas, mostly arising in hyperlipidemic patients, but also in subjects with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate, in a genetically modified mouse model, lacking two protein components of HDL particles, apolipoprotein(apo)E and apoA-I, the effect of HDL deficiency on skin morphology. Control mice (C57BL/6), apoE deficient mice (EKO), apoA-I deficient mice (A-IKO) and apoA-I/apoE double knockout mice (A-IKO/EKO) were maintained on a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet up to 30 weeks of age. At sacrifice, skin biopsies were processed for light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Whereas the skin of EKO, A-IKO, and C57BL/6 mice was comparable, LM analysis in A-IKO/EKO mice showed an increase in dermal thickness and the presence of foam cells and T lymphocytes in reticular dermis. TEM analysis revealed the accumulation of cholesterol clefts in the papillary dermis and of cholesterol crystals within foam cells. In conclusion, A-IKO/EKO mice represent an experimental model for investigating the cutaneous phenotype of human HDL deficiency, thus mimicking a condition in which human xanthomatous lesions can develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arnaboldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Laboratory of Structural and Ultrastructural Morphology, Italy.
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dyslipidemias and Atherosclerosis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cornaghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Laboratory of Structural and Ultrastructural Morphology, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dyslipidemias and Atherosclerosis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dyslipidemias and Atherosclerosis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Dellera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dyslipidemias and Atherosclerosis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Sara Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dyslipidemias and Atherosclerosis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Riccardo Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dyslipidemias and Atherosclerosis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Donetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Laboratory of Structural and Ultrastructural Morphology, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology of Dyslipidemias and Atherosclerosis, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Chiesa G, Manzini S, Horner D, Chiara M, Ganzetti G, Dellera F, Parolini C, Busnelli M. Sympathetic neurotransmission during atherosclerosis development: An unrecognized target of dyslipidemia? Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parolini C, Busnelli M, Ganzetti GS, Dellera F, Manzini S, Scanziani E, Johnson JL, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G. Magnetic resonance imaging visualization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques at the brachiocephalic artery of apolipoprotein E knockout mice by the blood-pool contrast agent B22956/1. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 24825406 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the ability of the blood-pool contrast agent B22956/1 to detect atherosclerotic plaques developing at the brachiocephalic artery of apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-KO) mice and to possibly identify vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. After high-fat feeding for 8 or 12 weeks, MRIs of brachiocephalic arteries were acquired before and after B22956/1 administration; then vessels were removed and analyzed by histology. B22956/1 injection caused a rapid increase in plaque signal enhancement and plaque to muscle contrast values, which remained stable up to 70 minutes. A linear correlation between signal enhancement and macrophage content was found 10 minutes after B22956/1 injection (p < .01). Signal enhancement and plaque to muscle contrast values correlated with macrophage content 40 minutes after contrast agent administration (p < .01). Finally, 70 minutes after B22956/1 infusion, plaque to muscle contrast significantly correlated with the percentage of stenosis (p < .005). B22956/1 administration to high fat-fed apoE-KO mice resulted in a rapid enhancement of atherosclerotic plaques and in a great ability to rapidly visualize vulnerable plaques, characterized by a high macrophage content. These results suggest that B22956/1 could represent an interesting tool for the identification of atherosclerotic plaques potentially leading to acute cardiovascular events.
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Busnelli M, Sala F, Manzini S, Ganzetti G, Parolini C, Dellera F, Scanziani E, Arnaboldi L, Sirtori C, Norata G, Chiesa G. ApoA-I deficiency in apoe-ko mice severely alters lymph nodes and modulates T lymphocyte subsets. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Busnelli M, Parolini C, Manzini S, Ganzetti G, Dellera F, Katainen R, Suoniemi M, Tarasov K, Hurme R, Ekroos K, Sirtori C, Laaksonen R, Chiesa G. Impact of dietary treatments on the lipidomic profile of plasma, aorta and liver from ldlr-ko and pcsk9-ko mice. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chiesa G, Fingerle J, Mary J, Bader M, Falkenstein R, Mohl S, Lorenzon P, Busnelli M, Ganzetti G, Manzini S, Dellera F, Sirtori C, Parolini C. Effect of tetranectin-apoa-i infusions on atherosclerosis progression/regression in rabbit carotid arteries. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Parolini C, Manzini S, Busnelli M, Chiara M, Dellera F, Ganzetti G, Sirtori C, Horner D, Chiesa G. Gene-expression profiling of lymph nodes reveals that apoa-i deficiency in apoe-ko mice induces a dramatic activation of the immune response. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parolini C, Vik R, Busnelli M, Bjørndal B, Holm S, Brattelid T, Manzini S, Ganzetti GS, Dellera F, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P, Sirtori CR, Nordrehaug JE, Skorve J, Berge RK, Chiesa G. A salmon protein hydrolysate exerts lipid-independent anti-atherosclerotic activity in ApoE-deficient mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97598. [PMID: 24840793 PMCID: PMC4026378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish consumption is considered health beneficial as it decreases cardiovascular disease (CVD)-risk through effects on plasma lipids and inflammation. We investigated a salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH) that is hypothesized to influence lipid metabolism and to have anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory properties. 24 female apolipoprotein (apo) E(-/-) mice were divided into two groups and fed a high-fat diet with or without 5% (w/w) SPH for 12 weeks. The atherosclerotic plaque area in aortic sinus and arch, plasma lipid profile, fatty acid composition, hepatic enzyme activities and gene expression were determined. A significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque area in the aortic arch and aortic sinus was found in the 12 apoE(-/)- mice fed 5% SPH for 12 weeks compared to the 12 casein-fed control mice. Immunohistochemical characterization of atherosclerotic lesions in aortic sinus displayed no differences in plaque composition between mice fed SPH compared to controls. However, reduced mRNA level of Icam1 in the aortic arch was found. The plasma content of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) were increased and decreased, respectively. SPH-feeding decreased the plasma concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and GM-CSF, whereas plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols (TAG) were unchanged, accompanied by unchanged mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-activity. These data show that a 5% (w/w) SPH diet reduces atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice and attenuate risk factors related to atherosclerotic disorders by acting both at vascular and systemic levels, and not directly related to changes in plasma lipids or fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (CP); (RV)
| | - Rita Vik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (CP); (RV)
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Brattelid
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, NIFES, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia S. Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Dellera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cesare R. Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan E. Nordrehaug
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Vik R, Busnelli M, Parolini C, Bjørndal B, Holm S, Bohov P, Halvorsen B, Brattelid T, Manzini S, Ganzetti GS, Dellera F, Nygård OK, Aukrust P, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G, Berge RK. An immunomodulating fatty acid analogue targeting mitochondria exerts anti-atherosclerotic effect beyond plasma cholesterol-lowering activity in apoe(-/-) mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81963. [PMID: 24324736 PMCID: PMC3852987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) is a hypolipidemic antioxidant with immunomodulating properties involving activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and proliferation of mitochondria. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of TTA on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein (apo)-E-/- mice fed a high-fat diet containing 0.3% TTA for 12 weeks. These mice displayed a significantly less atherosclerotic development vs control. Plasma cholesterol was increased by TTA administration and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in plasma and liver were decreased by TTA supplementation, the latter, probably due to increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and reduced lipogenesis. TTA administration also changed the fatty acid composition in the heart, and the amount of arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was reduced and increased, respectively. The heart mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxidase (NOS)-2 was decreased in TTA-treated mice, whereas the mRNA level of catalase was increased. Finally, reduced plasma levels of inflammatory mediators as IL-1α, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and IFN-γ were detected in TTA-treated mice. These data show that TTA reduces atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice and modulates risk factors related to atherosclerotic disorders. TTA probably acts at both systemic and vascular levels in a manner independent of changes in plasma cholesterol, and triggers TAG catabolism through improved mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavol Bohov
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Brattelid
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, NIFES, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia S. Ganzetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Dellera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottar K. Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cesare R. Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Parolini C, Manzini S, Busnelli M, Rigamonti E, Marchesi M, Diani E, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G. Effect of the combinations between pea proteins and soluble fibres on cholesterolaemia and cholesterol metabolism in rats. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1394-401. [PMID: 23458494 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many functional foods and dietary supplements have been reported to be beneficial for the management of dyslipidaemia, one of the major risk factors for CVD. Soluble fibres and legume proteins are known to be a safe and practical approach for cholesterol reduction. The present study aimed at investigating the hypocholesterolaemic effect of the combinations of these bioactive vegetable ingredients and their possible effects on the expression of genes regulating cholesterol homeostasis. A total of six groups of twelve rats each were fed, for 28 d, Nath's hypercholesterolaemic diets, differing in protein and fibre sources, being, respectively, casein and cellulose (control), pea proteins and cellulose (pea), casein and oat fibres (oat), casein and apple pectin (pectin), pea proteins and oat fibres (pea+oat) and pea proteins and apple pectin (pea+pectin). Administration of each vegetable-containing diet was associated with lower total cholesterol concentrations compared with the control. The combinations (pea+oat and pea+pectin) were more efficacious than fibres alone in modulating cholesterolaemia ( - 53 and - 54%, respectively, at 28 d; P< 0·005). In rats fed the diets containing oat fibres or apple pectin, alone or in combination with pea proteins, a lower hepatic cholesterol content (P< 0·005) and higher hepatic mRNA concentrations of CYP7A1 and NTCP were found when compared with the control rats (P< 0·05). In summary, the dietary combinations of pea proteins and oat fibres or apple pectin are extremely effective in lowering plasma cholesterol concentrations in rats and affect cellular cholesterol homeostasis by up-regulating genes involved in hepatic cholesterol turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Parolini C, Caligari S, Gilio D, Manzini S, Busnelli M, Montagnani M, Locatelli M, Diani E, Giavarini F, Caruso D, Roda E, Roda A, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G. Reduced biliary sterol output with no change in total faecal excretion in mice expressing a human apolipoprotein A-I variant. Liver Int 2012; 32:1363-71. [PMID: 22845860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Apolipoprotein (apo)A-I(M) (ilano), is a molecular variant of apoA-I(wild-type), associated with dramatically low HDL-cholesterol levels, but no increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In view of the present uncertainties on the role of apoA-I in liver cholesterol removal by way of bile acids and neutral sterols, and of the greater capacity of apoA-I(M) (ilano) to remove arterial cholesterol, biliary sterol metabolism was evaluated in transgenic mice expressing apoA-I(M) (ilano). METHODS ApoA-I(M) (ilano) mice were fed a high-cholesterol/high-fat diet, and compared with human apoA-I(wild-type) mice. Plasma lipid levels, hepatic bile flow and composition, hepatic and intestinal cholesterol and bile acid content, and faecal sterol content were measured. Moreover, the expression of hepatic ABCA1, SR-B1 and that of hepatic and intestinal genes involved in bile acid metabolism were evaluated. RESULTS The dietary treatment led to a strong elevation in HDL-cholesterol levels in A-I(M) (ilano) mice, associated with an increased expression of hepatic ABCA1. ApoA-I(M) (ilano) mice showed lower cholesterol output from the liver compared with apoA-I(wild-type) mice, in the absence of liver sterol accumulation. Faecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids was similar in the two mouse lines. CONCLUSIONS In spite of a different response to the dietary challenge, with an increased ABCA1 expression and a lower hepatic cholesterol output in apoA-I(M) (ilano) mice, the net sterol excretion is comparable in the two transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Marchesi M, Parolini C, Caligari S, Gilio D, Manzini S, Busnelli M, Cinquanta P, Camera M, Brambilla M, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G. Rosuvastatin does not affect human apolipoprotein A-I expression in genetically modified mice: a clue to the disputed effect of statins on HDL. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1460-8. [PMID: 21486287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Besides a significant reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, statins moderately increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In vitro studies have indicated that this effect may be the result of an increased expression of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, the main protein component of HDL. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo the effect of rosuvastatin on apoA-I expression and secretion in a transgenic mouse model for human apoA-I. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human apoA-I transgenic mice were treated for 28 days with 5, 10 or 20 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) of rosuvastatin, the most effective statin in raising HDL levels. Possible changes of apoA-I expression by treatment were investigated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR on RNA extracted from mouse livers. The human apoA-I secretion rate was determined in primary hepatocytes isolated from transgenic mice from each group after treatment. KEY RESULTS Rosuvastatin treatment with 5 and 10 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) did not affect apoA-I plasma levels, whereas a significant decrease was observed in mice treated with 20 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) of rosuvastatin (-16%, P < 0.01). Neither relative hepatic mRNA concentrations of apoA-I nor apoA-I secretion rates from primary hepatocytes were influenced by rosuvastatin treatment at each tested dose. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In human apoA-I transgenic mice, rosuvastatin treatment does not increase either apoA-I transcription and hepatic secretion, or apoA-I plasma levels. These results support the hypothesis that other mechanisms may account for the observed HDL increase induced by statin therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marchesi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Rigamonti E, Parolini C, Marchesi M, Diani E, Brambilla S, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G. Hypolipidemic effect of dietary pea proteins: Impact on genes regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 1:S24-30. [PMID: 20077421 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Controversial data on the lipid-lowering effect of dietary pea proteins have been provided and the mechanisms behind this effect are not completely understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible hypolipidemic activity of a pea protein isolate and to determine whether pea proteins could affect the hepatic lipid metabolism through regulation of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. Rats were fed Nath's hypercholesterolemic diets for 28 days, the protein sources being casein or a pea protein isolate from Pisum sativum. After 14 and 28 days of dietary treatment, rats fed pea proteins had markedly lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels than rats fed casein (p<0.05). Pea protein-fed rats displayed higher hepatic mRNA levels of LDL receptor versus those fed casein (p<0.05). Hepatic mRNA concentration of genes involved in fatty acids synthesis, such as fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, was lower in pea protein-fed rats than in rats fed casein (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a marked cholesterol and triglyceride-lowering activity of pea proteins in rats. Moreover, pea proteins appear to affect cellular lipid homeostasis by upregulating genes involved in hepatic cholesterol uptake and by downregulating fatty acid synthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rigamonti
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Parolini C, Marchesi M, Chiesa G. HDL therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2010; 7:550-6. [PMID: 19485919 DOI: 10.2174/157016109789043856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) therapy is an emerging area of therapeutic development in the cardiovascular field, aimed at supplementing and improving the vascular benefit exerted by current treatments. Several studies have clearly established that HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a potent and independent epidemiologic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; moreover, studies in animal models have established that HDL-C raising interventions, such as over-expression of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major HDL protein component, reduce the extent of atherosclerosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments have provided mechanistic explanations for the atheroprotective effects of HDL. HDL not only mediates reverse cholesterol transport, but also exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and vasodilatory effects. These multiple antiatherosclerotic properties provide an excellent rationale for designing therapeutic interventions targeted at enhancing HDL/apoA-I levels, but also for considering a direct administration of HDL-apoA-I in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview and an update of all therapeutic applications of synthetic HDL tested in animal models or in clinical trials. HDL therapy has proven to be effective in promoting atherosclerosis regression not only in experimental models, but also in humans, whereas applications to other areas of cardiovascular disease have only, up to now, been tested in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Badi I, Cinquetti R, Frascoli M, Parolini C, Chiesa G, Taramelli R, Acquati F. Intracellular ANKRD1 protein levels are regulated by 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2486-92. [PMID: 19589340 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ANKRD1/CARP gene encodes a muscle-specific protein which has been implicated in transcriptional regulation and myofibrillar assembly. Several features at both the mRNA and protein levels define ANKRD1 as a gene whose expression is tightly regulated, and deregulated expression of this protein has been recently associated to human congenital heart disease. It is therefore crucial to define the intracellular pathways that regulate the ANKRD1 protein's steady-state levels. Here, we show that ANKRD1 is a short-lived protein whose levels are tightly regulated by the 26S proteasome. In addition, a critical role for a putative PEST motif was established, although other degrons within the ANKRD1 protein are likely implicated in the control of its intracellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Badi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze Molecolari, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Pedica F, Pecori S, Vergine M, Brunelli M, Montagna L, Pedron S, Parolini C, Daniele I, Capelli P, Menestrina F, Chilosi M. Cathepsin-k as a diagnostic marker in the identification of micro-granulomas in Crohn's disease. Pathologica 2009; 101:109-111. [PMID: 19886543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, whose aetiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. The occurrence of epithelioid granulomas is one characteristic feature of the disease since these lesions are found in the bowel wall in 50-87% of colectomy specimens. Although granulomas are not pathognomonic, their identification is considered a relevant element for diagnosis. Cathepsin-k, a papain-like cysteine protease, is involved in bone remodelling, and has been widely used as a immunohistochemical marker for the in situ detection of osteoclasts. Interestingly, the expression of this potent protease is also significantly increased in stimulated tissue macrophages, epithelioid cells and granulomas, but is not expressed in resident tissue macrophages. In the present study, we evaluated Cathepsin-k expression as a diagnostic tool in the identification of small granulomas in Crohn's disease. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of 10 cases of Crohn's disease were collected from surgical ileo-colic resections followed by comparison of Cathepsin-k and CD68 immunoreactivity. Granulomas were identified in 4 of 10 cases examined in haematoxylin & eosin preparations. Cathepsin-k enabled the identification of small granulomas (with a diameter between 100 and 200 microm) in 6 of 10 cases, mainly localized within the submucosa and muscular layers. When compared to CD68, Cathepsin-k immunoreactivity was generally absent or only weakly expressed in resting tissue macrophages, thus allowing better identification of activated epithelioid cells. Based on these results, Cathepsin-k appears to be a reliable tool for the precise and rapid identification of small epithelioid granulomas in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pedica
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
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Cinquetti R, Badi I, Campione M, Bortoletto E, Chiesa G, Parolini C, Camesasca C, Russo A, Taramelli R, Acquati F. Transcriptional deregulation and a missense mutation define ANKRD1 as a candidate gene for total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:468-74. [PMID: 18273862 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary veins fail to enter the left atrium and drain instead into the right atrium or one of its venous tributaries. Although a genetic basis for TAPVR has long been recognized, no single gene involved in the pathogenesis of this disease has been identified to date. We previously reported a TAPVR patient bearing a de novo 10;21 balanced translocation. In this work, we cloned both translocation breakpoints from this patient and mapped the ANKRD1 gene, encoding a cardiac transcriptional regulator, 130 kb proximally to the breakpoint on chromosome 10. In situ hybridization analysis performed on murine embryos showed ANKRD1 expression in the developing pulmonary veins, suggesting a possible role for this gene in TAPVR pathogenesis. Moreover, ANKRD1 expression levels were found to be highly increased in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from both the translocation-bearing proband and a second independent sporadic TAPVR patient, suggesting that disruption of the normal ANKRD1 expression pattern is associated with TAPVR. Finally, a nonconservative missense mutation in the ANKRD1 gene was found in a third sporadic TAPVR patient. In vitro calpain-mediated degradation assays, coupled to reporter gene analysis in transfected HeLa cells, strongly suggested that this mutation enhances both the stability of the ANKRD1/CARP protein and its transcriptional repression activity upon the cardiac-specific atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter. Taken together, these results define ANKRD1 as a possible candidate gene for TAPVR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Cinquetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Parolini C, Marchesi M, Lorenzon P, Castano M, Balconi E, Miragoli L, Chaabane L, Morisetti A, Lorusso V, Martin BJ, Bisgaier CL, Krause B, Newton RS, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G. Dose-Related Effects of Repeated ETC-216 (Recombinant Apolipoprotein A-IMilano/1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl Phosphatidylcholine Complexes) Administrations on Rabbit Lipid-Rich Soft Plaques. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1098-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Revised: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Caligari S, Chiesa G, Johnson SK, Camisassi D, Gilio D, Marchesi M, Parolini C, Rubio LA, Sirtori CR. Lupin (Lupinus albus) protein isolate (L-ISO) has adequate nutritional value and reduces large intestinal weight in rats after restricted and ad libitum feeding. Ann Nutr Metab 2006; 50:528-37. [PMID: 17191026 DOI: 10.1159/000098145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A protein isolate from white lupin (Lupinus albus; L-ISO) has potential as a novel human food ingredient, but its nutritional effects are unknown. METHODS We evaluated protein quality and effects on body composition in rats of isoenergic diets of L-ISO, lactalbumin, or casein with both restricted (10-day) and ad libitum (28-day)intake. The diets were equivalent in protein per se, but supplementation was used to balance essential amino acid levels. RESULTS In both studies, the rats consumed similar amounts of each diet, and no effect of diet on the gain:feed ratio was observed--though gain:N ratio and net protein utilization were slightly lower for the L-ISO diet. Lower large intestinal weights after the L-ISO than after the lactalbumin diet were observed in both studies. The L-ISO diet resulted in lowered body fat percentage in the 10-day study but in an elevated level in the 28-day study. Liver composition (DNA, RNA, glycogen, and fat) and plasma levels of some amino acids (His, Thr, Ala, Pro, Tyr, Val and Met) were affected by diet, but no effects on plasma lipid, glucose, or uric acid were observed. CONCLUSION The L-ISO diet did not affect feed intake and has adequate nutritional quality in rats whilst modifying large intestinal weight in a potentially beneficial manner--suggesting potential for this protein in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caligari
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Rigamonti E, Disconzi E, Soldati S, Saceo M, Parolini C, Arnoldi A, Sirtori C, Lovati M, Chiesa G. We-P14:484 Reduced mammary tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model fed an isoflavone-poor soy protein concentrate. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parolini C, Caligari S, Gilio D, Montagnani M, Rubin E, Sirtori C, Chiesa G. Tu-W23:7 Effect of high cholesterol diet on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in A-IM and A-I transgenic mice. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marchesi M, Parolini C, Bellotti V, Mangione P, Valetti C, Obici L, Chiesa G. Th-P15:198 Impaired secretion of two apolipoprotein A-I mutants associated with hereditary amyloidosis. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)82157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chiesa G, Johnson S, Marchesi M, Parolini C, Caligari S, Gilio D, Cornelli L, Diani E, Rigamonti E, Sirtori C. Th-W55:3 Lupin protein: A new source of cardiovascular protective agents? ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parolini C, Chiesa G, Gong E, Caligari S, Cortese MM, Koga T, Forte TM, Rubin EM. Apolipoprotein A-I and the molecular variant apoA-IMilano: Evaluation of the antiatherogenic effects in knock-in mouse model. Atherosclerosis 2005; 183:222-9. [PMID: 16285990 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
No evidence of premature vascular disease is found in apolipoprotein A-I(Milano) (apoA-I(M)) human carriers, despite very low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Whether apoA-I(M) may impart a "gain of function" in atherosclerosis protection compared to wild-type apoA-I is hotly debated. To address this question, knock-in mice expressing human apoA-I or apoA-I(M) were crossed with atherosclerosis-susceptible mice expressing the human apoB/A-II transgene (h-B/A-II/A-I(Hu/Hu) and h-B/A-II/A-I(M)(Hu/Hu)). On a chow diet, h-B/A-II/A-I(M)(Hu/Hu) mice were characterized by low HDL cholesterol levels compared to h-B/A-II/A-I(Hu/Hu) mice (35.65+/-8.00 mg/dl versus 58.09+/-13.50mg/dl, respectively; p<0.005). Gender differences in response to high fat diet were observed in both h-B/A-II/A-I(M)(Hu/Hu) and h-B/A-II/A-I(Hu/Hu) lines. h-B/A-II/A-I(M)(Hu/Hu) females had higher total cholesterol levels compared to h-B/A-II/A-I(Hu/Hu) females (895.08+/-183.07 mg/dl versus 544.43+/-116.42 mg/dl; p<0.05) and developed larger atherosclerotic lesions (148,260+/-78,924 microm(2) versus 54,132+/-43,204 microm(2), respectively; p<0.05). On the contrary, no difference in mean lesion area was found between h-B/A-II/A-I(M)(Hu/Hu) and h-B/A-II/A-I(Hu/Hu) males (19,779+/-6,098 microm(2) versus 15,706+/-13,095 microm(2); p=0.685). Our data suggest that, in the atherosclerosis-susceptible human apoB/A-II mouse model, expression of the human apoA-I(M) gene does not have protective advantage over that of the apoA-I gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Wait R, Chiesa G, Parolini C, Miller I, Begum S, Brambilla D, Galluccio L, Ballerio R, Eberini I, Gianazza E. Reference maps of mouse serum acute-phase proteins: Changes with LPS-induced inflammation and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II transgenes. Proteomics 2005; 5:4245-53. [PMID: 16196095 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present reference maps of the mouse serum proteome (run under reducing and non-reducing conditions), from control animals, from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce systemic inflammation, and from mice transgenic for human apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Seventy-seven spots/spot chains from the reducing gels were identified by HPLC MS/MS, representing 28 distinct proteins, including a species-specific protease inhibitor, contrapsin, and high levels of carboxylesterase. The concentrations of acute-phase reactants were monitored for 96 h after LPS challenge. The greatest changes (four-fold 48 h after LPS administration) were observed for haptoglobin and hemopexin. Orosomucoid/alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and apolipoprotein A-I increased steadily, to 50-60% above baseline at 96 h from stimulation. In mice transgenic for human apolipoprotein A-I the levels of expression of orosomucoid/alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, alpha(1)-macroglobulin, esterase, kininogen and contrapsin were altered compared to knockout mice lacking apolipoprotein A-I. In contrast, except for the presence of apolipoprotein A-II, no statistically significant difference was observed in mice transgenic for human apolipoprotein A-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wait
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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