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Kring L, Iversen E, Ibsen B, Fehsenfeld M. Exploring the impact of stressful life events on quality of life: meaning making and narrative reconstruction. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2330117. [PMID: 38525819 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2330117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stressful life events have the capacity to disrupt an individual's worldview and life goals, leading to existential questions and identity loss. The subjective perception of identity is intricately linked with quality of life (QoL), and how individuals derive meaning from these stressful life events significantly influences their well-being. This article explored the impact of stressful life events on individuals' QoL, and examined the potential for enhancing QoL through meaning making and narrative reconstruction. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 individuals reporting diminished QoL and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The study reveals that stressful life events confront interviewees with the vulnerability of their values in life and the limits of their control, leading them to question their own beliefs and purpose in life. Consequently, these events prompt individuals to reconstruction their narratives to adapt to new life circumstances. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that "securing the base," including strong social relations and security in economic and housing conditions, is a prerequisite for enhancing QoL. The insights on "the base" have profound implications for QoL. Recognizing their fundamental importance, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and social service providers can support mechanisms to enhance these foundations, improving overall well-being for individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Kring
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Evald Iversen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Ibsen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Karabatı S. Moralities, cultural fit and life satisfaction. Int J Psychol 2024; 59:419-431. [PMID: 38378188 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to contribute to the literature by investigating the relationships among moralities, cultural fit and life satisfaction. Data are drawn from a representative sample of Türkiye, a country with a permanent record of low well-being scores and indications of polarisation over moral values. Consistent with the hypotheses, binding morality is found to have a strong overall positive effect on life satisfaction, both directly and indirectly via cultural fit. Additionally, results substantiate the prediction that individualising morality will be associated with diminished life satisfaction. Nonetheless, analyses regarding cultural fit exhibit mixed results and should be interpreted with caution. Findings are discussed within the context of the literature and in relation to sociopolitical leanings currently observed in Türkiye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Karabatı
- Department of Business Administration, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Hu J, Stauvermann PJ. Welfare effect analysis of pay-as-you-go pension system: Deconstruction from the perspective of relative utility and social equality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296334. [PMID: 38728309 PMCID: PMC11086903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper studies the redistributive effects of two major pay-as-you-go pension systems by constructing an intergenerational iterative model which does not only considers standard utility but also relative utility. The study find that the two main pay-as-you-go pension systems are both sustainable. If we consider different preferences, then the choice of pension system should depend on the question of whether individuals are more interested in the absolute level of consumption or in the consumption related to a reference group. If the latter is more important, the Beveridgean system is superior, it provides greater protection for vulnerable groups than the Bismarck pension system, and the pension income after retirement is relatively more balanced, but the price is a lower level of consumption in the long run compared to an economy with Bismarckian system. If individuals prefer instead the absolute level of consumption, the Bismarckian system is better, because it guarantees a comparable higher level of consumption, but the disadvantaged groups face a higher risk of poverty and the degree of social inequality will be relatively higher. However, it is important to note that in the long run, only the level of consumption differs, not the speed of growth or number of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Dept. of Economics, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peter J. Stauvermann
- Dept. of Global Business & Economics, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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Martela F, Ryan RM. Clarifying Eudaimonia and Psychological Functioning to Complement Evaluative and Experiential Well-Being: Why Basic Psychological Needs Should Be Measured in National Accounts of Well-Being. Perspect Psychol Sci 2023; 18:1121-1135. [PMID: 36626353 PMCID: PMC10475214 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221141099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring subjective well-being as a key indicator of national wellness has increasingly become part of the international agenda. Current recommendations for measuring well-being at a national level propose three separate dimensions: evaluative well-being, experiential well-being, and eudaimonia. Whereas the measurement of the first two dimensions is relatively standardized, the third category has remained undertheorized, lacking consensus on how to define and operationalize it. To remedy the situation, we propose that the third dimension should focus on psychological functioning and the identification of key psychological factors humans generally need to live well. A key part of psychological functioning is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs-specific types of satisfying experiences that are essential for psychological health and well-being. Psychological needs as a category provides a parsimonious set of elements with clear inclusion criteria that are strongly anchored in theory and our current understanding of human nature-and could thus form a core part of the third, "eudaimonic" dimension of well-being. The needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness have especially received broad empirical support. Accordingly, national accounts of well-being should include measures for key psychological needs to gain an enriched and practically useful understanding of the well-being of the citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martela
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University
| | - Richard M. Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
- College of Education, Ewha Womans University
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5
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Dierckx K, Van Hiel A, Valcke B, van den Bos K. Procedural fairness in ethnic-cultural decision-making: fostering social cohesion by incorporating minority and majority perspectives. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1025153. [PMID: 37469901 PMCID: PMC10353736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1025153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research describes how procedural fairness can be used to resolve issues related to ethnic-cultural matters. The central finding in this strand of literature is that when minority members experience procedurally fair treatment by societal actors regarding ethnic-cultural issues, this will lead to a range of outcomes that are beneficial for social cohesion. Although these results are promising, it remains yet to be shown that such group-specific treatment fairness does not hamper social cohesion by inciting misapprehension among members of non-recipient groups. Therefore, the present study set out to examine two central questions. First, how would minority group members respond to treatment fairness of citizens belonging to another minority group? Second, how would majority group members respond to treatment fairness of citizens belonging to minority groups? Two experimental studies (total N = 908) examined these questions. In Study 1, we compared ethnic-cultural minorities' reactions to procedurally (un)fair treatment of their own versus a different minority group. In Study 2, we compared minority and majority group members' responses to procedurally (un)fair treatment of minority group members. Results show that minority group member reactions to ethnic-cultural procedural fairness emanate from a shared bond with the fairness recipient(s) of the other minority group. Conversely, majority group members' reactions are driven primarily by a perceived moral obligation to act rightfully toward members of disadvantaged groups. Taken together, our results suggest that ethnic-cultural procedural fairness enactment fosters societal unity among different groups, possibly strengthening social cohesion for well-being and prosperity among members of these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dierckx
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Barbara Valcke
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kees van den Bos
- School of Law, Faculty of Law, Economics, and Governance, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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6
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Aruqaj B. An Integrated Approach to the Conceptualisation and Measurement of Social Cohesion. Soc Indic Res 2023; 168:1-37. [PMID: 37362178 PMCID: PMC10212225 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-023-03110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The core sociological subject of 'social cohesion' (hereafter SC) has re-emerged as a key concept in the social sciences. On the one hand, SC is thought to be influenced by a society's degree of inequalities and the quality of its welfare state. On the other hand, SC is thought to be instrumental in its own right to other factors such as economic growth, institutional quality, and individual well-being. In recent years, a few attempts have been made to measure SC empirically. Many current indices have not been sufficiently theoretically substantiated, and do not consider the importance of different 'social levels' when explaining and measuring SC as both cause and effect of other correlates. Very often, SC is simply defined as a 'social quality' or a quality of a collective. As a result, measures are often aggregate macro-indices leading to a loss of the information base of any social 'units' below the macro-societal-level. Contributing to this important methodological debate, this paper provides a conceptual reformulation of SC. Hence, when assessing SC based on a multi-dimensional index, it is insightful and feasible to evaluate both its internal variation as well as its holistic validity. In fact, it is proposed that these two aspects of measurement stand in direct relationship to one-another. The paper starts out with a discussion of SC as a 'social fact' in the Durkheimian sense. In addition, three bridging propositions on the measurement of SC are advanced: (a) SC as outcome or consequence at the level of individual attitudes and orientations ('micro'); (b) SC as degree of dissimilarity and presence of latent conflict within a society at the level of salient social categories ('meso'), and (c) SC as predictor, social determinant and hence antecedent at the societal-level ('macro'). Using all rounds of the European Social Survey with a very large sample size, the advantages of this approach are illustrated by singling-out the important link between socio-economic inequalities, social cohesion and individual subjective well-being in a path of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujar Aruqaj
- Institut Für Soziologie, Arbeitsbereich Makrosoziologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Garystr. 55, Raum 314, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Humble S, Sharma A, Rangaraju B, Dixon P, Pennington M. Associations between neighbourhood social cohesion and subjective well-being in two different informal settlement types in Delhi, India: a quantitative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067680. [PMID: 37041052 PMCID: PMC10580277 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationships between neighbourhood cohesion and subjective well-being (SWB) in two different informal settlement types. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a community-based survey. SETTING Communities in two districts, Sanjay Colony, Okhla Phase II and Bhalswa in Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS 328 residents in Bhalswa and 311 from Sanjay Colony. MEASUREMENTS Neighbourhood social cohesion scale measured on an 18-point scale and the SWB scale made up of four subjective measures-hedonic, eudaemonic, evaluative and freedom of choice. Sociodemographic characteristics and trust were used as covariates. RESULTS In both neighbourhood types there was a statistically significant positive bivariate correlation between neighbourhood cohesion and SWB (Sanjay: r=0.145, p<0.05; Bhalswa: r=0.264, p<0.01). Trust and neighbourhood cohesion were strongly correlated (Sanjay: r=0.618, p<0.01; Bhalswa: r=0.533, p<0.01) and the longer the resident had lived in the community the greater the feeling of neighbourhood cohesion (Sanjay: r=0.157, p<0.01; Bhalswa: r=0.171, p<0.05). Only in the resettlement colony (Bhalswa) was SWB negatively correlated with length of residency (r=-0.117, p<0.05). Residents who chose their settlement type (Sanjay residents) were 22.5 percentage points (pp) more likely to have a feeling of belonging to their neighbourhood than residents that had been resettled (Bhalswa) (Cohen's d effect size 0.45). Sanjay residents had a greater likelihood to feel more satisfied with life (4.8 pp, p<0.01) and having greater perceived freedom of choice (4.8 pp, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute to the general knowledge about neighbourhood cohesion and SWB within different informal settlement types in a mega-city such as New Delhi, India. Interventions that promote sense of belonging, satisfaction with life and freedom of choice have the potential to significantly improve people's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Humble
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Pauline Dixon
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Pennington
- Centre for the Study of Governance and Society, King's College London, London, UK
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8
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Jauch M, Lalot F, Greifeneder R. No man is an island: Men living alone during
COVID
‐19 report lower need satisfaction and well‐being. Community & Applied Soc Psy 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jauch
- Faculty of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lalot
- Faculty of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury UK
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9
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Singh S, Kshtriya S, Valk R. Health, Hope, and Harmony: A Systematic Review of the Determinants of Happiness across Cultures and Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3306. [PMID: 36834001 PMCID: PMC9963575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review the literature on what constitutes happiness across cultures and countries to advance scholarly knowledge on the happiness construct. A systematic review was conducted to examine the determinants of happiness in samples across cultures and countries. Five different databases, including APA PsycNet, EBSCO-Academic, EBSCO-Business, Project MUSE, and Google Scholar, grey literature, and in-text references from relevant review articles were used. A total of 155 articles were included in the review, encompassing studies from over 100 countries and 44 cultures. Myriad determinants of happiness were found that were placed into three broad categories labeled Health, Hope, and Harmony. The predominant happiness determinants were mental, emotional, and physical well-being, a purposeful holistic work-life balance, nurturing social relationships, caring for self and others, and being in harmony with one's culture, traditions, community, religion, and environment. This study engendered an "Integrated Model of the Determinants of Happiness" to provide a universally applicable conceptualization of the happiness construct. By examining studies on determinants of happiness across the globe in the past 90 years, this review uncovered that happiness constitutes multiple determinants that fall under three major categories: 'Health', 'Hope', and 'Harmony'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Singh
- Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, American University in Dubai, Dubai 28282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sowmya Kshtriya
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Reimara Valk
- School of Business and Management, American University in Dubai, Dubai 28282, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Castelletti C, Lara E, Tobiasz-Adamczyk B, Koskinen S, Olaya B, Haro JM, Leonardi M, Kowal P, Chatterji S, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Miret M. Connecting and feeling: Associations between social factors and emotions in nine countries. Int J Psychol 2023; 58:282-291. [PMID: 36727409 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the distribution of positive and negative emotions across nine low-, middle- and high-income countries; and the association between social factors and these emotions. Data were drawn from the SAGE and the COURAGE studies, with 52,553 participants. Emotions were assessed through the day reconstruction method.Sociodemographic characteristics and social factors were also measured. Multiple linear regressions were performed. Finland, China and African countries showed significantly lower scores on the negative emotions, whereas positive emotions were more homogeneous across countries. Loneliness was positively associated with negative emotions and negatively associated with positive ones; frequent social participation was related with higher scores in positive emotions; and lower trust with higher levels of feeling rushed, irritated, depressed and less calm. The extent to which each emotion was felt varied across countries, but there seems to exist an association of social factors with the emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elvira Lara
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Universidad Compultense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Sociology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Kowal
- Chiang Mai University Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,WHO Study on global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland.,Vantage Health Solutions, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Yang Z, Cai X, Jiang Y, Li G, Zhao G, Wang P, Huang Z. What Are the Recipes of an Entrepreneur's Subjective Well-Being? A Fuzzy-Set Approach for China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:417. [PMID: 36612740 PMCID: PMC9819742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Entrepreneurs face more pressure and challenges than ordinary workers, which has a serious impact on their physical and mental health. Therefore, the research focus has gradually shifted from objective indicators of entrepreneurial performance to exploration of entrepreneurs' subjective well-being. However, previous studies were often limited to a net effect analysis of a single dimension under symmetric thinking in quantitative research. Therefore, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze the configuration path of entrepreneurs' physical and mental health at the individual level, social capital at the collective level, and subjective well-being from the perspective of configuration. The sample was of 279 effective entrepreneurs from the 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS). Four types of entrepreneurs were found to improve their high well-being profiles: optimistic efficiency-driven, trust efficiency-driven, strong psychology-driven, and weak relationship-driven. Research shows that the interaction between physical and mental health and social capital jointly affects the subjective well-being of entrepreneurs. The research findings reinforce the need for attention to the physical and mental health of entrepreneurs, which are conducive to their active participation in social life. Additionally, establishing weak relationship-oriented interpersonal networks and accumulating social resources to further achieve higher subjective well-being is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yang
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Cai
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guobiao Li
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guojing Zhao
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Politics and Public Administration, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Zhaoxin Huang
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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12
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Moustakas L. Sport for Social Cohesion: Transferring from the Pitch to the Community? Social Sciences 2022; 11:513. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
European sport policies and programmes have increasingly focused on promoting social cohesion. Often presented as a multi-dimensional concept, social cohesion is considered the ‘glue’ that holds societies together and is seen as essential to addressing common challenges. However, the term remains contested, and it is not always clear how programmes conceptualize or support social cohesion. Thus, this paper explores how three European sport programmes conceptualize and foster social cohesion. Findings are generated from a thematic analysis of interviews, group discussions, observations and documents. The themes developed show how organizations adopt an individual-centerd view of social cohesion, focusing mainly on social relations, tolerance and mutual help. In turn, this translates to an individual-focused practice of social cohesion, emphasizing personal skills, behaviors, and social relations, with the transfer of social cohesion to the broader community left mostly in participants’ hands. Due to a number of systemic barriers, programmes struggle to implement more holistic and structural approaches. As such, if we want to facilitate a move towards more structural or interventionist approaches, we as researchers must play an active role in questioning, challenging, and reshaping the systems that underpin sport-based social interventions.
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13
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Li H, Browning MHEM, Dzhambov AM, Zhang G, Cao Y. Green Space for Mental Health in the COVID-19 Era: A Pathway Analysis in Residential Green Space Users. Land 2022; 11:1128. [DOI: 10.3390/land11081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Residential green space is among the most accessible types of urban green spaces and may help maintain mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is insufficiently understood how residents use residential green space for exercise during the epidemic. The pathways between residential green space and mental health also merit further exploration. Therefore, we conducted an online study among Chinese residents in December 2021 to capture data on engagement with urban green space for green exercise, the frequency of green exercise, perceived pollution in green space, perceptions of residential green space, social cohesion, depression, and anxiety. Among the 1208 respondents who engaged in green exercise last month, 967 (80%) reported that green exercise primarily occurred in residential neighborhoods. The rest (20%) reported that green exercise occurred in more distant urban green spaces. The most common reasons that respondents sought green exercise in urban green spaces were better air and environmental qualities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was then employed to explore the pathways between the perceived greenness of residential neighborhoods and mental health among respondents who used residential green space for exercise. The final model suggested that residential green space was negatively associated with anxiety (β = −0.30, p = 0.001) and depression (β = −0.33, p < 0.001), mainly through indirect pathways. Perceived pollution and social cohesion were the two mediators that contributed to most of the indirect effects. Perceived pollution was also indirectly associated with green exercise through less social cohesion (β = −0.04, p = 0.010). These findings suggest a potential framework to understand the mental health benefits of residential green space and its accompanying pathways during the COVID-19 era.
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14
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Chum A, Teo C, Azra KK. Does the longitudinal association between neighbourhood cohesion and mental health differ by ethnicity? Results from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:859-872. [PMID: 34241637 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the association between neighbourhood cohesion and mental health has been widely studied in the general population, the effects of neighbourhood cohesion across ethnic groups are not well understood. Ethnicity is often left out of study design, many studies do not consider effect modification by ethnicity, or they rely on overly simplistic ethnic categories. METHODS Data from the UK household longitudinal study were used to investigate whether changes in neighbourhood cohesion are independently associated with changes in mental health (measured using the GHQ) over 9 years (2009-2018), and whether the association differed across 17 ethnic groups. The study used a fixed-effect modeling approach that includes within-person estimators that allow each participant to act as their own control. RESULTS Compared to British White, the following ethnic groups all saw a similar improvement in GHQ (- 0.76, 95% CI - 0.83 to - 0.70) for each point increase in neighbourhood cohesion: Irish, any other White, White and Asian mixed, Chinese, Caribbean, African, any other Black, Arab, and others. Some ethnic groups saw stronger improvements in mental for each point increase in neighbourhood cohesion, including White and Black Caribbean mixed, any other mixed, Indian, Pakistani, any other Asian, with the strongest effect seen in Bangladeshi participants (- 2.52. 95% CI - 3.48 to - 1.56). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of ethnocultural data in research examining neighbourhood effects on mental health. Future research should evaluate policies to improve neighbourhood cohesion for ethnic minorities to address ethnic mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Chum
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 4A, Canada. .,MAP Center for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5V 1W8, Canada.
| | - Celine Teo
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 4A, Canada
| | - Karanpreet Kaur Azra
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 4A, Canada
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Hommerich C, Ohnuma S, Sato K, Mizutori S. Determinants of Interdependent Happiness Focusing on the Role of Social Capital: Empirical Insight From Japan 1. Jpn Psychol Res. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Riley C, Herrin J, Lam V, Parsons AA, Kaplan GA, Liu D, Witters D, Krumholz HM, Roy B. Trends and Variation in the Gap Between Current and Anticipated Life Satisfaction in the United States, 2008-2020. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:509-517. [PMID: 35196041 PMCID: PMC8887183 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To describe national- and county-level trends and variation in a novel measure of hope. Methods. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (n = 2 766 728), we summarized the difference between anticipated life satisfaction (ALS) and current life satisfaction (CLS), measured by the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, for each year from 2008 to 2020 and by county over two 5-year periods in the United States. Results. Across all years, there was a significant positive trend in the difference between ALS and CLS for the nation (P = .024), which remained positive but not significant when we excluded 2020. Maintenance of ALS with a decrease in CLS drove the 2020 increase. From 2008-2012 to 2013-2017, 14.5% of counties with 300 or more responses (n = 599) experienced an increase in the difference of more than 1 SD, whereas 13.9% experienced a more than 1 SD decrease. Fifty-two counties experienced decreases in ALS and CLS. Conclusions. Responding to trends in the gap between ALS and CLS at national and local levels is essential for the collective well-being of our nation, especially as we navigate and emerge from crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Riley
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - Veronica Lam
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - Allison A Parsons
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - George A Kaplan
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - Diana Liu
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - Dan Witters
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
| | - Brita Roy
- Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC
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O'Donnell J, Cárdenas D, Orazani N, Evans A, Reynolds KJ. The longitudinal effect of COVID-19 infections and lockdown on mental health and the protective effect of neighbourhood social relations. Soc Sci Med 2022; 297:114821. [PMID: 35219050 PMCID: PMC8847081 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rationale The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on mental health is a major concern worldwide. Measuring the impacts, however, is difficult because of a lack of data that tracks and compares outcomes and potential protective social factors before and during lockdowns. Objective We aim to quantify the impact of a second lockdown in 2020 in the Australian city of Melbourne on levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness, and analyse whether social relations in the neighbourhood may buffer against the worst effects of lockdown. Methods We draw on quasi-experimental data from a nationally-representative longitudinal survey conducted in Australia. We use a difference-in-difference approach with a number of control variables to estimate changes in mental health among respondents in Melbourne following the imposition of the lockdown. A measure of perceived neighbourhood social relations is included as an explanatory variable to analyse potential protective effects. Results Lockdown is estimated to have increased depressive symptoms by approximately 23% and feelings of loneliness by 4%. No effect on anxiety was detected. Levels of neighbourhood social relations were strongly negatively associated with mental health symptoms. A significant interaction between lockdown and neighbourhood social relations suggests that lockdown increased depressive symptoms by 21% for people with average perceived neighbourhood relations, compared with a 9.7% increase for people whose perceived relations is one standard deviation greater than average. Conclusion The results add to evidence of the harsh impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns on mental health. Importantly, neighbourhood social relations and social cohesion more broadly may be an important source of social support in response to lockdowns. These findings provide important insights for researchers and policy-makers in how to understand and respond to the mental health impacts of COVID-19.
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Abstract
Social cohesion is recognised as the glue that holds societies together and is connected to numerous positive social outcomes. Many authors have defined the term and its dimensions, leading to a wide range of different perspectives. Indeed, an array of dimensions have emerged as researchers have conceptualized social cohesion based on the theoretical assumptions of their disciplines. This wide range of disciplinary contributions has created a rich but muddled research field. In line with the growing recognition of social cohesion, there is a need to better understand social cohesion’s evolution and status within broader academic research. Thus, this study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the nature and evolution of literature related to social cohesion and (ii) to identify the thematic areas related to social cohesion research and their connections to specific disciplines. To achieve this, a bibliometric analysis of 5027 journal articles listed in the Web of Science (WoS) was conducted. Through this, a substantial increase in research activity was noted, and the broad, multidisciplinary nature of the research is also illustrated. However, there remains room for further collaboration across disciplines as well as research exploring how different social groups and institutions contribute to social cohesion.
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19
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Petersen CB, Bekker-Jeppesen M, Aadahl M, Lau CJ. Participation in recreational activities varies with socioeconomic position and is associated with self-rated health and well-being. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101610. [PMID: 34976666 PMCID: PMC8684004 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows social inequalitues in recreational activity participation (RAP). Regardless of educational level, RAP was associated with better self-rated health. RAP may modify social inequality in self-rated health and quality of life.
Recreational activities may promote and maintain health and well-being, but empirical evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to explore socioeconomic variations in participation in recreational activities in the local community and to examine associations with health and well-being in the general population. Participants ≥ 16 years from the Danish Capital Region Health Survey, conducted in 2017 (N = 55,185, response rate 52.6%) were included. Participation in community-based recreational activities, self-rated health, quality of life, and health status was assessed by questionnaire. Socioeconomic variables (educational level, occupational and marital status) were obtained from national registers. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations. Less than half of the population participated in community-based recreational activities. Individuals with a higher educational level were 55% more likely to participate in recreational activities compared to those with a lower educational level (OR = 1.55, CI:1.45–1.66). Individuals with a low educational level who participated in recreational activities, were more likely to have an excellent/good quality of life (OR = 2.03 (95% CI:1.86–2.21)) and an excellent/very good self-rated health (OR = 1.61 (95% CI:1.51–1.71)), than those who did not participate in recreational activities. Regardless of educational level, recreational activity participation was associated with better self-rated health and quality of life. Thus, to counter-balance social inequality in health, a focus on participation in recreational activities is important when planning community public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bjørk Petersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author at: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maj Bekker-Jeppesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Juel Lau
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Backman-Nord P, Söderberg P, Forsman AK. The happiest youth in the world? Exploring subjective well-being indicators among Finnish university students. Nordic Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.1996264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Backman-Nord
- Department of Developmental Psychology/Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland
| | - Patrik Söderberg
- Department of Developmental Psychology/Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland
| | - Anna. K. Forsman
- Department of Health Sciences/Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland
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21
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Sun Y, Ji P, Wang Y, Fan H. The Association Between the Subjective Exercise Experience of Chinese Women Participating in Square Dance and Group Cohesion: The Mediating Effect of Income. Front Psychol 2021; 12:700408. [PMID: 34712166 PMCID: PMC8546298 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chinese square dance has become well known worldwide in recent years, and most participants are women who dance with a group in their communities. In particular, middle-aged women may have physical and mental health problems, and participating in square dance may increase women's positive subjective well-being and decrease their negative emotions, which may improve their health over the long term. In addition, participating in square dance can promote group cohesion. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between the subjective exercise experience of participating in square dance and group cohesion and whether some variables (e.g., age, education, duration, income level, and work) play a role as mediators in the association with subjective exercise experience and group cohesion. Methods: In total, 1,468 Chinese women from 31 provinces and 82 cities participated in this study by completing an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a subjective exercise experience questionnaire and a group environment questionnaire. We analyzed the collected data and built a statistical model. Results: (a) Square dance satisfied women's physical and psychological needs partly; (b) positive well-being (PWB) was positively correlated with group cohesion, and fatigue was negatively correlated with group cohesion; and (c) the income level was a partial mediator of the relationship between group cohesion and subjective exercise experience. Conclusion: Chinese women have different motivations for participating in square dance. Because this activity can help meet women's physical and psychological needs, an increasing number of individuals worldwide participate in square dance. As women's subjective well-being increases, group cohesion increases, and vice versa. Moreover, the subjective exercise experience remains a significant predictor of group cohesion after including income level as a mediator, suggesting that the model indicates partial mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Ji
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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22
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Paramita SA, Yamazaki C, Hilfi L, Sunjaya DK, Koyama H. Social cohesion and quality of life in Bandung: A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258472. [PMID: 34644355 PMCID: PMC8513873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Bandung, Indonesia, urban expansion, rapid economic growth, and population increase present enormous challenges to the maintenance of a high quality of life (QOL) for its citizens. Moreover, income distribution in the city has become more unequal, thereby threatening social cohesion. Such situations led us to investigate the states and correlation of social cohesion and QOL in Bandung. In 2018, we conducted a questionnaire survey of social cohesion and QOL using 13 and 18 question items, respectively. We employed the Rasch model analysis to analyze the logit measures of 752 responses. The results revealed that the population of Bandung has high social cohesion and decent QOL. Our findings suggest that in Bandung QOL is significantly correlated with social cohesion, therefore strategies that seek to enhance social cohesion may be beneficial to improve the QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Ayu Paramita
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiho Yamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Lukman Hilfi
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Illario M, Zavagli V, Ferreira LN, Sambati M, Teixeira A, Lanata F, Pais S, Farrell J, Tramontano D. The Frailty of the Invincible. Transl Med UniSa 2021. [PMID: 33457314 PMCID: PMC8370525 DOI: 10.37825/2239-9747.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled the frailty of our societies from too many points of view to look away. We need to understand why we were all caught unprepared. On the one hand, we have all short memories. As we forget too quickly, we were unable to recognize key factors influencing response and preparedness to public health threats. For many years, economic evaluation pushed governments all over the world to cut resources for public health systems, with COVID-19 pandemic the question arises: do we spend too much or too little on health care? What is the right amount to spend on health? Moreover, in many countries, the privatisation, or semi-privatisation, of healthcare may give rise to inequitable access to health care for everyone. Although COVID-19 is very “democratic”, its consequences aren’t. According to OECD, income inequality in OECD countries is at its highest level for the past half century. Three main causes have been recognized, technological revolution, globalization, and “financialisation”. In this scenario, lockdown measures adopted to save lives are showing dramatic economic consequences. To address post COVID-19 reconstruction we need to go beyond GDP. As an economic measure this has many shortcomings in describing the real well-being of a country, and since what we measure affects what we do, new paradigms will have to guide the post COVID-19 reconstruction strategies, as the fate of countries and their citizens is at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Illario
- Health Innovation Unit, General Directorate for Health, Campania Region, and Federico II Department of Public Health, Naples, Italy
| | - V Zavagli
- Psycho-oncology Unit, ANT Italia Foundation, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Noronha Ferreira
- Centre for Health Studies and Research-CEISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Sambati
- Gruppo Cassa depositi e prestiti, Rome, Italy
| | - A Teixeira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - F Lanata
- Wind & Sun Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Pais
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC)-University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - J Farrell
- EIP on AHA RSCN Bruxelles, Belgium, and LANUA International Healthcare Consultancy, Northern Ireland
| | - D Tramontano
- Dpt of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy.,Italy and GENS Onlus Foundation Naples, Italy
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Lalot F, Abrams D, Ahvenharju S, Minkkinen M. Being future-conscious during a global crisis: The protective effect of heightened Futures Consciousness in the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality and Individual Differences 2021; 178:110862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Riley C, Herrin J, Lam V, Hamar B, Witters D, Liu D, Krumholz HM, Roy B. Trends and geographical variation in population thriving, struggling and suffering across the USA, 2008-2017: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043375. [PMID: 34261676 PMCID: PMC8281074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Well-being is a holistic, positively framed conception of health, integrating physical, emotional, social, financial, community and spiritual aspects of life. High well-being is an intrinsically worthy goal for individuals, communities and nations. Multiple measures of well-being exist, yet we lack information to identify benchmarks, geographical disparities and targets for intervention to improve population life evaluation in the USA. DESIGN Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index, we conducted retrospective analyses of a series of cross-sectional samples. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS We summarised select well-being outcomes nationally for each year, and by county (n=599) over two time periods, 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We report percentages of people thriving, struggling and suffering using the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, percentages reporting high or low current life satisfaction, percentages reporting high or low future life optimism, and changes in these percentages over time. RESULTS Nationally, the percentage of people that report thriving increased from 48.9% in 2008 to 56.3% in 2017 (p<0.05). The percentage suffering was not significantly different over time, ranging from 4.4% to 3.2%. In 2013-2017, counties with the highest life evaluation had a mean 63.6% thriving and 2.3% suffering while counties with the lowest life evaluation had a mean 49.5% thriving and 6.5% suffering, with counties experiencing up to 10% suffering, threefold the national average. Changes in county-level life evaluation also varied. While counties with the greatest improvements experienced 10%-15% increase in the absolute percentage thriving or 3%-5% decrease in absolute percentage suffering, most counties experienced no change and some experienced declines in life evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of the US population thriving increased from 2008 to 2017 while the percentage suffering remained unchanged. Marked geographical variation exists indicating priority areas for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Riley
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- The Institute for Integrative Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Veronica Lam
- Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Dan Witters
- Gallup Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Diana Liu
- Gallup Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brita Roy
- The Institute for Integrative Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Lalot F, Abrams D, Broadwood J, Davies Hayon K, Platts-Dunn I. The social cohesion investment: Communities that invested in integration programmes are showing greater social cohesion in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 2021; 32:536-554. [PMID: 34230795 PMCID: PMC8251431 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Social cohesion can rise in the aftermath of natural disasters or mass tragedies, but this ‘coming together’ is often short‐lived. The early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic witnessed marked increases in kindness and social connection, but as months passed social tensions re‐emerged or grew anew. Thus local authorities faced persistent and evolving challenges. A cross‐sectional survey (N = 2,924) examined perceptions of social cohesion while Britain was slowly emerging from its first national lockdown in June 2020 in six English local authorities that have prioritised investment in social cohesion over the last two years (including five ‘integration areas’) compared with three other areas that have not. We expected that social cohesion programmes would better equip people to tackle the various challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We found a greater sense of social cohesion in the six local authorities (at the micro, meso and macro levels) than in other areas. This was manifested as higher levels of reported social activism, interpersonal trust and closer personal relationships, greater political trust and more positive attitudes towards immigrants. Findings are consistent with the proposition that investing in social cohesion underpins stronger and more connected and open communities, better able to cope with crisis situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lalot
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Dominic Abrams
- Centre for the Study of Group Processes University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Jo Broadwood
- Belong-The Cohesion and Integration Network Manchester UK
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27
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Jenkins M, Hoek J, Jenkin G, Gendall P, Stanley J, Beaglehole B, Bell C, Rapsey C, Every-Palmer S. Silver linings of the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249678. [PMID: 33793672 PMCID: PMC8016296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption, distress, and loss of life around the world. While negative health, economic, and social consequences are being extensively studied, there has been less research on the resilience and post-traumatic growth that people show in the face of adversity. We investigated New Zealanders’ experiences of benefit-finding during the COVID-19 pandemic and analysed qualitative responses to a survey examining mental well-being during the New Zealand lockdown. A total of 1175 of 2010 eligible participants responded to an open-ended question probing ‘silver linings’ (i.e., positive aspects) they may have experienced during this period. We analysed these qualitative responses using a thematic analysis approach. Two thirds of participants identified silver linings from the lockdown and we developed two overarching themes: Surviving (coping well, meeting basic needs, and maintaining health) and thriving (self-development, reflection, and growth). Assessing positive as well as negative consequences of the pandemic provides more nuanced insights into the impact that New Zealand’s response had on mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jenkins
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Janet Hoek
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gabrielle Jenkin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Philip Gendall
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Stanley
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ben Beaglehole
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Bell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Charlene Rapsey
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Susanna Every-Palmer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Arant R, Larsen M, Boehnke K. Acceptance of Diversity as a Building Block of Social Cohesion: Individual and Structural Determinants. Front Psychol 2021; 12:612224. [PMID: 33746834 PMCID: PMC7970233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of social cohesion have been shown to be beneficial both for social entities and for their residents. It is therefore not surprising that scholars from several disciplines investigate which factors contribute to or hamper social cohesion at various societal levels. In recent years, the question of how individuals deal with the increasing diversity of their neighborhoods and society as a whole has become of particular interest when examining cohesion. The present study takes this a step further by combining sociological and psychological approaches in investigating whether the group-level acceptance of diversity, a core feature of cohesive societies, is related to prevailing mentalities of individuals once the social structure of a community is accounted for. We hypothesize that after controlling for individual sociodemographic and for structural variables, three individual characteristics play an important role for the level of acceptance of diversity in a given entity. We propose that individual intergroup anxiety (IGA) acts as a motor of the rejection of diversity whereas individual empathy should act as a safeguard. Furthermore, we propose that right-leaning political orientation (PO) has a negative influence on the acceptance of diversity. This study is based on a large, representative sample of the German general population (N1 = 2,869). To draw comparisons among different social entities, the sample was divided by federal states (N2 = 16). Data were analyzed by using a two-step approach for analyzing group-level outcomes in multilevel models. The analyses confirmed our hypothesis that intergroup anxiety at the individual level hampers the acceptance of diversity in a given sociopolitical entity. Furthermore, we found that intergroup anxiety is impacted by the economic situation in a federal state (measured per capita gross domestic product), as economic weakness intensified the fear of others. Surprisingly, neither empathy nor political orientation played a role for the acceptance of diversity. Implications for future research on social cohesion as well as for the work of policy makers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Arant
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mandi Larsen
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Klaus Boehnke
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Center for Sociocultural Research, National Research University - Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Mishra K, Misra N, Chaube N. Expressive arts therapy for subjective happiness and loneliness feelings in institutionalized elderly women: A pilot study. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2021.1876116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Mishra
- Clinical Psychology, Institute of Behavioural Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, INDIA
| | - Nishi Misra
- Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR, Ministry of Defence, Timarpur, INDIA
| | - Nandita Chaube
- School of Behavioural Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, INDIA
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Abstract
Social trust has been an important mechanism in overcoming crises throughout history. Several societies are now emphasizing its role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate how variations in social trust across 68 countries are related to the transmission speed of COVID-19. Specifically, using cross-national index data from the World Value Survey, the study tests how variations in social trust across countries generate different time durations at which each country reaches the peak in terms of increases in new infections of COVID-19. Using data drawn between December 31, 2019 and July 31, 2020, this study found that in countries with a high level of social trust, particularly trust among ingroup members, or with a narrower or wider range than the intermediate range of trustees, the number of new infections tended to reach the first peak within a shorter time duration than in other countries. These results imply that in such societies, on the one hand, high cooperation among people to achieve common goals and strong compliance to social norms may allow them to begin neutralizing COVID-19 faster. On the other hand, however, the low risk perception and prevalence of cohesive relationships among people may lead to speedier transmission of COVID-19 before neutralization takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Min
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Teo C, Chum A. The effect of neighbourhood cohesion on mental health across sexual orientations: A longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113499. [PMID: 33213945 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the persistent mental health disparities between sexual minorities and the general population, social epidemiological research should address this disparity by investigating the differential impact of neighbourhood social environments across sexual orientations. There is growing evidence that neighbourhood cohesion, conceptualized as a sense of belonging and social connection, is an important social determinant of mental health in the general population, but little is known about its impact across sexual orientations. Using data from the UK household longitudinal study (2009-2018) including waves 1, 3, 6, and 9 ( n = 52,903), this paper examined the longitudinal relationship between neighbourhood cohesion and mental health (using GHQ-12) across sexual orientations. A fixed-effect regression approach was taken to model the within-person change over time in GHQ predicted by neighbourhood cohesion with disaggregated analyses by gender and sexual orientation. Across all sexual orientations and genders, individuals who experienced an increase in neighbourhood cohesion also saw an improvement in their mental health over time. Moreover, the effect of neighbourhood cohesion on mental health over time differed by sexual orientation. Each 1-point increase in neighbourhood cohesion (on a 5-point scale) lead to mental health improvements of -0.8 GHQ score (95%CI -0.89 to -0.71) for heterosexual males at the lowest end, and up to -1.71 GHQ score (95%CI -2.31 to - 1.11) for homosexual men at the highest end. Given that the study demonstrates notable differences in the effects of neighbourhood social environment across gender and sexual orientations, this points to the need to consider sexual orientation (along with gender) as a key modifier in research involving neighbourhood effects. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of specific policies aimed at improving neighbourhood social environment for sexual minorities to help close mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Teo
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Antony Chum
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada; Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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Ozcurumez S, Hoxha J. Practicing Social Cohesion in the Dark: Diverse Processes and Missing Indicators in Forced Migration Contexts. Front Hum Dyn 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fhumd.2020.569682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Illario M, Zavagli V, Ferreira LN, Sambati M, Teixeira A, Lanata F, Pais S, Farrell J, Tramontano D. The Frailty of the Invincible. Transl Med UniSa 2020; 23:1-15. [PMID: 33457314 PMCID: PMC8370525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled the frailty of our societies from too many points of view to look away. We need to understand why we were all caught unprepared. On the one hand, we have all short memories. As we forget too quickly, we were unable to recognize key factors influencing response and preparedness to public health threats. For many years, economic evaluation pushed governments all over the world to cut resources for public health systems, with COVID-19 pandemic the question arises: do we spend too much or too little on health care? What is the right amount to spend on health? Moreover, in many countries, the privatisation, or semi-privatisation, of healthcare may give rise to inequitable access to health care for everyone. Although COVID-19 is very "democratic", its consequences aren't. According to OECD, income inequality in OECD countries is at its highest level for the past half century. Three main causes have been recognized, technological revolution, globalization, and "financialisation". In this scenario, lockdown measures adopted to save lives are showing dramatic economic consequences. To address post COVID-19 reconstruction we need to go beyond GDP. As an economic measure this has many shortcomings in describing the real well-being of a country, and since what we measure affects what we do, new paradigms will have to guide the post COVID-19 reconstruction strategies, as the fate of countries and their citizens is at stake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Illario
- Health Innovation Unit, General Directorate for Health, Campania Region, and Federico II Department of Public Health, Naples, Italy
| | - V Zavagli
- Psycho-oncology Unit, ANT Italia Foundation, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Noronha Ferreira
- Centre for Health Studies and Research-CEISUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Sambati
- Gruppo Cassa depositi e prestiti, Rome, Italy
| | - A Teixeira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - F Lanata
- Wind&Sun Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Pais
- ComprehensiveHealth Research Centre (CHRC) and Algarve BiomedicalCenter (ABC)-University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - J Farrell
- EIP on AHA RSCN Bruxelles, Belgium, and LANUA International Healthcare Consultancy, Northern Ireland
| | - D Tramontano
- Dpt of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples
- Italy and GENS Onlus Foundation Naples, Italy
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Christian AK, Sanuade OA, Okyere MA, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K. Social capital is associated with improved subjective well-being of older adults with chronic non-communicable disease in six low- and middle-income countries. Global Health 2020; 16:2. [PMID: 31898527 PMCID: PMC6941280 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-019-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly contributing to the morbidity and mortality burden of low and-middle income countries (LMIC). Social capital, particularly participation has been considered as a possible protective factor in the prevention and management of chronic conditions. It is also largely shown to have a negative effect on the well-being of patients. The current discourse on the well-being of individuals with NCDs is however focused more on a comparison with those with no NCDs without considering the difference between individuals with one chronic condition versus those with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). METHOD AND OBJECTIVE We employed a multinomial logit model to examine the effect of social capital, particularly social participation, on the subjective well-being (SWB) of older adults with single chronic condition and MCC in six LMIC. FINDINGS Social capital was associated with increased subjective well-being of adults in all the six countries. The positive association between social capital and subjective well-being was higher for those with a single chronic condition than those with multiple chronic conditions in India and South Africa. Conversely, an increase in the likelihood of having higher subjective well-being as social capital increased was greater for those with multiple chronic conditions compared to those with a single chronic condition in Ghana. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that improving the social capital of older adults with chronic diseases could potentially improve their subjective well-being. This study, therefore, provides valuable insights into potential social determinants of subjective well-being of older adults with chronic diseases in six different countries undergoing transition. Additional research is needed to determine if these factors do in fact have causal effects on SWB in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K. Christian
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Accra, Ghana
| | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- NCDs Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Adu Okyere
- School of Management China, Institute for Studies in Energy Policy (CISEP), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Koga C, Hanazato M, Tsuji T, Suzuki N, Kondo K. Elder Abuse and Social Capital in Older Adults: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Gerontology 2019; 66:149-159. [PMID: 31514199 DOI: 10.1159/000502544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is a serious public health issue worldwide, but large-scale epidemiologic studies remain sparse. Although social factors in human relations such as social support and social isolation have been proposed as the factors related to elder abuse, cognitive social capital has not been examined. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify the prevalence of and the factors associated with elder abuse among independent older adults in Japan. METHODS The study design is a retrospective observational study. The data were derived from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). These self-report data were collected from 26,229 people aged 65 years or older living in 28 municipalities in 2013. The types of elder abuse and factors associated with them were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of elder abuse among the sample was 12.3% (11.1% in males and 13.3 in females). In the entire sample, physical, psychological, and financial abuses were reported to be 1.26, 11.12, and 1.45%, respectively. Factors associated with increased odds of experiencing abuse were being a woman, living with family members, having poor self-rated health, and having mild or severe depression. By contrast, age ≥85 years, being widowed, or unmarried, and having a positive view of community trust were associated with a lower risk of experiencing abuse. CONCLUSION While particular demographic factors and health are associated with a greater risk of elder abuse, our findings that trust within the community lessens the risk indicates the importance of social capital. This should be taken into consideration when developing population-based strategies to prevent elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Koga
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan,
| | | | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norimichi Suzuki
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Yu R, Cheung O, Leung J, Tong C, Lau K, Cheung J, Woo J. Is neighbourhood social cohesion associated with subjective well-being for older Chinese people? The neighbourhood social cohesion study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023332. [PMID: 31079078 PMCID: PMC6530414 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hong Kong version of Neighbourhood Cohesion Instrument (HK-NCI) and examine whether neighbourhood social cohesion as measured using HK-NCI would be associated with evaluative, hedonic and eudaemonic well-being. DESIGN A validation analysis followed by a cross-sectional analysis of a community-based survey. SETTING Communities in two districts (Sha Tin and Tai Po) in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS 301 community-dwelling Chinese men and women aged 60 years and older normally residing in Sha Tin or Tai Po for not less than six consecutive months at the time of participation in the study were interviewed. MEASUREMENTS Neighbourhood social cohesion was measured using the 15-item HK-NCI. The Social Cohesion Scale (SCS) and the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) were administered for assessing the validity of the HK-NCI. Evaluative (life satisfaction), hedonic (feelings of happiness) and eudaemonic well-being (sense of purpose and meaning in life) were examined. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and health behaviours, medical history, and neighbourhood characteristics were used as covariates. RESULTS For homogeneity, internal consistency of HK-NCI (α=0.813) was good. For stability (test-retest reliability), the averages of mean scores of the 15 items suggested an acceptable repeatability with an intra-class correlation coefficient=0.701(95% CI 0.497 to 0.832). HK-NCI was correlated with SCS (r=0.515-0.635, p<0.001) and BSCS (r=0.500-0.612, p<0.001). Neighbourhood social cohesion was positively and independently associated with life satisfaction, feelings of happiness and sense of purpose and meaning in life (all p values <0.05). Stratified analyses indicated that neighbourhood social cohesion was more strongly associated with all dimensions of subjective well-being in 'young-old' subgroup, and with sense of purpose and meaning in life for women. CONCLUSION The HK-NCI has adequate levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In addition, higher levels of neighbourhood social cohesion were associated with better subjective well-being among older Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Yu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Osbert Cheung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jason Leung
- CUHK Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cecilia Tong
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kevin Lau
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Johnny Cheung
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- CUHK Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Procentese F, Gatti F, Falanga A. Sense of responsible togetherness, sense of community and participation: Looking at the relationships in a university campus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/humaff-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This contribution explores the role that the Sense of Responsible Togetherness (SoRT) exerts with reference to Participation and Sense of Community. The study was conducted on a university campus, as campuses represent places where academic and community lives go hand in hand and the community is heterogeneous. A questionnaire with the SoRT scale, the Participation scale and the Italian Scale of the Sense of Community (SISC) was administered to 130 university students. SoRT had a significant indirect effect on the students’ Participation via their Sense of Community, suggesting that the promotion of individuals’ Sense of Responsible Togetherness within their community, along with the emotional and affective bond to it, may allow us to recover symbolic and physical spaces in which participation can be fostered. A need for and significance of interventions aimed at promoting collective actions within intermediate systems (groups, educational systems, work ones, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortuna Procentese
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Porta di Massa , 1 80133 Naples , NA, Italy
| | - Flora Gatti
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Porta di Massa , 1 80133 Naples , NA, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Porta di Massa , 1 80133 Naples , NA, Italy
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Miao J, Wu X, Sun X. Neighborhood, social cohesion, and the Elderly's depression in Shanghai. Soc Sci Med 2019; 229:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chai X, Li X, Ye Z, Li Y, Lin D. Subjective well-being among left-behind children in rural China: The role of ecological assets and individual strength. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:63-70. [PMID: 30443917 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plight of left-behind children affected by parental migration has aroused widespread public concern in China. However, limited research has been conducted on the positive aspects of the development (e.g., subjective well-being) among left-behind children. Recently, a new means to investigating the mechanisms of positive development in left-behind children emerged from the positive youth development (PYD) approach. Grounded in the framework of PYD, this study was designed to examine how ecological assets (i.e., neighbourhood social cohesion and trusting relationships with caregivers) and individual strength (i.e., resilience) predict subjective well-being among left-behind children. METHODS Altogether, 1,449 left-behind children (50.70% boys; Mage = 12.11 years, SD = 1.84) were recruited to complete questionnaires designed to assess perceived neighbourhood social cohesion, trusting relationships with caregivers, resilience, and subjective well-being. RESULTS The results show that neighbourhood social cohesion and trusting relationships with caregivers positively predicted left-behind children's subjective well-being. Moreover, structural equation modelling results reveal that resilience partially mediated the effect of neighbourhood social cohesion and trusting relationships with caregivers on subjective well-being. CONCLUSIONS In this research, we identified key contextual and personal enablers for subjective well-being among left-behind children. The results provide some important implications regarding the manner in which subjective well-being can be promoted among left-behind children by increasing neighbourhood and family ecological assets and enhancing resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chai
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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40
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Larsen MM, Esenaliev D, Brück T, Boehnke K. The connection between social cohesion and personality: A multilevel study in the Kyrgyz Republic. Int J Psychol 2018; 55:42-51. [PMID: 30485424 PMCID: PMC7027491 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
As the discourse around societal cohesion grows and policy makers increasingly turn their attention towards improving cohesion, understanding its role for the lives of individuals becomes ever more important. Our study examines whether the social cohesion of the immediate living context is related to the strength of Big Five personality traits among individuals. Using data from a community survey of 6252 adults living in 30 rural sub‐districts in the Kyrgyz Republic, where social cohesion is a sizable policy concern, we conduct a multilevel analysis of the relationship between sub‐district cohesion and individual personality. Results indicate that higher levels of cohesion are significantly related to higher individual levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness. However, no relationship is found with extraversion or neuroticism. Thus, where a social entity has higher cohesion, this entity will also have inhabitants with a greater prosocial and communal orientation towards others, greater conscientiousness and more openness to experience. These findings imply that social cohesion may be one geographical social indicator related to variation in personality traits. Moreover, the findings suggest that understanding social cohesion requires both macro‐ and micro‐perspectives and that its connection to these particular personality traits should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi M Larsen
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Damir Esenaliev
- Peace and Development Programme, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Tilman Brück
- ISDC-International Security and Development Center, Berlin, Germany.,Economic Development and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Klaus Boehnke
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,International Laboratory for Sociocultural Research (ILSCR), National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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41
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Roy B, Riley C, Sears L, Rula EY. Collective Well-Being to Improve Population Health Outcomes: An Actionable Conceptual Model and Review of the Literature. Am J Health Promot 2018; 32:1800-1813. [PMID: 30079743 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118791993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To propose collective well-being as a holistic measure of the overall "health" of a community. To define collective well-being as a group-level construct measured across 5 domains (vitality, opportunity, connectedness, contribution, and inspiration) and introduce an actionable model that demonstrates how community characteristics affect collective well-being. To review the literature describing each domain's association with health outcomes and community characteristics' associations with collective well-being. METHODS We came to consensus on topics describing each component of our conceptual model. Because "well-being" is not indexed in MEDLINE, we performed topic-specific database searches and examined bibliographies of papers retrieved. We excluded articles that were limited to narrow subtopics or studies within small subpopulations. Preference was given to quasi-experimental or randomized studies, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. Consensus was reached on inclusion or exclusion of all articles. RESULTS Reviewed literature supported each of the proposed domains as important aspects of collective well-being and as determinants of individual or community health. Evidence suggests a broad range of community characteristics support collective well-being. CONCLUSIONS The health and quality of life of a community may be improved by focusing efforts on community characteristics that support key aspects of well-being. Future work should develop a unified measure of collective well-being to evaluate the relative impact of specific efforts on the collective well-being of communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brita Roy
- 1 Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carley Riley
- 2 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Portellano-Ortiz C, Garre-Olmo J, Calvó-Perxas L, Conde-Sala J. Depression and variables associated with quality of life in people over 65 in Spain and Europe. Data from SHARE 2013. The European Journal of Psychiatry 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hart EAC, Lakerveld J, McKee M, Oppert JM, Rutter H, Charreire H, Veenhoven R, Bárdos H, Compernolle S, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Brug J, Mackenbach JD. Contextual correlates of happiness in European adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190387. [PMID: 29364899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of both objectively assessed and perceived physical and social neighborhood characteristics with happiness in European adults. In addition, we aimed to study how these associations differed among subgroups. METHODS Participants (N = 6037) of the cross-sectional SPOTLIGHT survey reported on their level of happiness using a 5-point Likert scale, and on perceived physical and social environmental neighborhood characteristics. Objective physical environmental characteristics were assessed using a Google Street View-based neighborhood audit. Associations of 14 physical and social environmental characteristics with happiness were analyzed using multivariable multinomial regression analyses with clustered standard errors. RESULTS Living in neighborhoods with higher levels of aesthetics and more water and green space was associated with being very happy. Individuals who perceived their neighborhood to be safer, more functional and more aesthetic were more likely to be very happy. The associations of functionality and aesthetics with happiness were strongest in the Ghent region (Belgium), the Randstad (the Netherlands) and Greater London (United Kingdom). Perceived absence of air pollution was only associated with higher levels of happiness in more highly educated participants. Individuals with a larger social network, more social cohesion and who trusted their neighbors were more likely to be very happy. The association between social networks and happiness was somewhat stronger in men than in women. In general, the associations between environmental characteristics and happiness had similar directions and sizes across socio-economic and socio-demographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This European study provided evidence that both objectively assessed and perceived physical and social characteristics of the neighborhood environment are associated with the happiness of its residents.
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Gur A, Rimmerman A. Online Activity, Offline Sociability, and Life Satisfaction Among Israelis With and Without Disabilities. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2017; 20:695-701. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Gur
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Rimmerman
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Barreto SM. Why does happiness matter? Understanding the relation between positive emotion and health outcomes. Soc Sci Med 2017; 191:61-64. [PMID: 28910598 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhi M Barreto
- Social & Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Grinde B, Tambs K. Effect of household size on mental problems in children: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:31. [PMID: 27255744 PMCID: PMC4890284 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most people in industrialized societies grow up in core (parents only) families with few if any siblings. Based on an evolutionary perspective, it may be argued that this environment reflects a mismatch, in that the tribal setting offered a larger number of close affiliates. The present project examined whether this mismatch may have a negative impact on mental health. Methods We used data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), which includes 114 500 children. The mothers were recruited during pregnancy and followed up with questionnaires as the infants grew older. Correlates between number and type of people living in the household and questions probing mental health were corrected for likely confounders. Results The number of household members correlated with scores on good mental health at all ages tested (3, 5 and 8 years). The effects were distinct, highly significant, and present regardless of how mental issues were scored. The outcome could be attributed to having older siblings, rather than adults beyond parents. The more siblings, and the closer in age, the more pronounced was the effect. Living with a single mother did not make any difference compared to two parents. Girls were slightly more responsive to the presence of siblings than boys. Household pets did not have any appreciable impact. Conclusion A large household is associated with fewer mental problems in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Grinde
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
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