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Wang Q, Wang Y, Chang C, Ma F, Peng D, Yang S, An Y, Deng Q, Wang Q, Gao F, Wang F, Tang H, Qi X, Jiang X, Cai D, Zhou G. Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and the cognate umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12683. [PMID: 36647346 PMCID: PMC9840238 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) show tremendous potential for regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal, multi-differentiation and immunomodulatory capabilities. Largely studies had indicated conventional tissue-derived MSCs have considerable limited expandability and donor variability which hinders further application. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived MSCs (iMSCs) have created exciting source for standardized cellular therapy. However, the cellular and molecular differences between iMSCs and the cognate tissue-derived MSCs remains poorly explored. In this study, we first successfully reprogrammed human umbilical cords-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UMSCs) into iPSCs by using the cocktails of mRNA. Subsequently, iPSCs were further differentiated into iMSCs in xeno-free induction medium. Then, iMSCs were compared with the donor matched UMSCs by assessing proliferative state, differentiation capability, immunomodulatory potential through immunohistochemical analysis, flow cytometric analysis, transcriptome sequencing analysis, and combine with coculture with immune cell population. The results showed that iMSCs exhibited high expression of MSCs positive-makers CD73, CD90, CD105 and lack expression of negative-maker cocktails CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, HLA-DR; also successfully differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Further, the iMSCs were similar with their parental UMSCs in cell proliferative state detected by the CCK-8 assay, and in cell rejuvenation state assessed by β-Galactosidase staining and telomerase activity related mRNA and protein analysis. However, iMSCs exhibited similarity to resident MSCs in Homeobox (Hox) genes expression profile and presented better neural differentiation potential by activation of NESTIN related pathway. Moreover, iMSCs owned enhanced immunosuppression capacity through downregulation pools of pro-inflammatory factors, including IL6, IL1B etc. and upregulation anti-inflammatory factors NOS1, TGFB etc. signals. In summary, our study provides an attractive cell source for basic research and offers fundamental biological insight of iMSCs-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Biology Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China,Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China,The SZU-Cheerland Institute for Advanced and Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chongfei Chang
- Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feilong Ma
- Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongxiu Peng
- Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shun Yang
- Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Qiuting Deng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, University of South China, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The SZU-Cheerland Institute for Advanced and Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Biology Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- The SZU-Cheerland Institute for Advanced and Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen, China,Corresponding author. The SZU-Cheerland Institute for Advanced and Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Biology Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Biology Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Cheerland Danlun Biopharma Co. Ltd., Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China,Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,The SZU-Cheerland Institute for Advanced and Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen, China,Corresponding author. The SZU-Cheerland Institute for Advanced and Innovative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Babaie A, Bakhshandeh B, Abedi A, Mohammadnejad J, Shabani I, Ardeshirylajimi A, Reza Moosavi S, Amini J, Tayebi L. Synergistic effects of conductive PVA/PEDOT electrospun scaffolds and electrical stimulation for more effective neural tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhu H, Poon W, Liu Y, Leung GKK, Wong Y, Feng Y, Ng SCP, Tsang KS, Sun DTF, Yeung DK, Shen C, Niu F, Xu Z, Tan P, Tang S, Gao H, Cha Y, So KF, Fleischaker R, Sun D, Chen J, Lai J, Cheng W, Young W. Phase I-II Clinical Trial Assessing Safety and Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Transplant Therapy of Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1925-1943. [PMID: 27075659 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cell (UCB-MNC) transplants improve recovery in animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models. We transplanted UCB-MNCs into 28 patients with chronic complete SCI in Hong Kong (HK) and Kunming (KM). Stemcyte Inc. donated UCB-MNCs isolated from human leukocyte antigen (HLA ≥4:6)-matched UCB units. In HK, four patients received four 4-μl injections (1.6 million cells) into dorsal entry zones above and below the injury site, and another four received 8-μl injections (3.2 million cells). The eight patients were an average of 13 years after C5-T10 SCI. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging of five patients showed white matter gaps at the injury site before treatment. Two patients had fiber bundles growing across the injury site by 12 months, and the rest had narrower white matter gaps. Motor, walking index of SCI (WISCI), and spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) scores did not change. In KM, five groups of four patients received four 4-μl (1.6 million cells), 8-μl (3.2 million cells), 16-μl injections (6.4 million cells), 6.4 million cells plus 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MP), or 6.4 million cells plus MP and a 6-week course of oral lithium carbonate (750 mg/day). KM patients averaged 7 years after C3-T11 SCI and received 3-6 months of intensive locomotor training. Before surgery, only two patients walked 10 m with assistance and did not need assistance for bladder or bowel management before surgery. The rest could not walk or do their bladder and bowel management without assistance. At about a year (41-87 weeks), WISCI and SCIM scores improved: 15/20 patients walked 10 m ( p = 0.001) and 12/20 did not need assistance for bladder management ( p = 0.001) or bowel management ( p = 0.002). Five patients converted from complete to incomplete (two sensory, three motor; p = 0.038) SCI. We conclude that UCB-MNC transplants and locomotor training improved WISCI and SCIM scores. We propose further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Waisang Poon
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | | | - Yatwa Wong
- Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Feng
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Stephanie C P Ng
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kam Sze Tsang
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - David T F Sun
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - David K Yeung
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Shen
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Niu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Zhexi Xu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Tan
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Tang
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Gao
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Cha
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, and Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | | | - Dongming Sun
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John Chen
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jan Lai
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wendy Cheng
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wise Young
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Halliwell RF. Electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from human stem cells and iNeurons in vitro. Neurochem Int 2016; 106:37-47. [PMID: 27742467 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Functional studies of neurons have traditionally used nervous system tissues from a variety of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate species, even when the focus of much of this research has been directed at understanding human brain function. Over the last decade, the identification and isolation of human stem cells from embryonic, tissue (or adult) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the availability of human neurons for experimental studies in vitro. In addition, the direct conversion of terminally differentiated fibroblasts into Induced neurons (iN) has generated great excitement because of the likely value of such human stem cell derived neurons (hSCNs) and iN cells in drug discovery, neuropharmacology, neurotoxicology and regenerative medicine. This review addresses the current state of our knowledge of functional receptors and ion channels expressed in neurons derived from human stem cells and iNeurons and identifies gaps and questions that might be investigated in future studies; it focusses almost exclusively on what is known about the electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from human stem cells and iN cells in vitro with an emphasis on voltage and ligand gated ion channels, since these mediate synaptic signalling in the nervous system and they are at the heart of neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Halliwell
- Schools of Pharmacy & Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 751 Brookside Road, Stockton, CA, USA.
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Yao Y, Huang C, Gu P, Wen T. Combined MSC-Secreted Factors and Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Promote Functional Recovery of PD Rats. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1101-13. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has enormous potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted much attention because they can secrete a wide variety of cellular factors that promote cell growth. In this study, we prepared a conditioned medium (CM) using lyophilized MSC culture medium that contained the secretome of MSCs and applied this CM to the culture of neural stem cells (CM-NSCs) for the transplantation of PD model rats. Quantitative realtime PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry were used to identify cell differentiation and expression of dopaminergic neuron-specific genes in vitro. Behavioral tests including rotational behavior and MWM training tests were also performed to assess the recovery. Our results indicated that combined treatment of CM and neural stem cell transplantation can significantly reduce apomorphine-induced rotational asymmetry and improve spatial learning ability. The CM-NSCs were able to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and medial forebrain bundle (MFB), and migrated around the lesion site. They showed a higher activity than untreated NSCs in cell survival, migration, and behavior improvement in the dopa-deficit rat model. These findings suggest that the neural stem cells treated with conditioned medium possess a great potential as a graft candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Ullah I, Subbarao RB, Kim EJ, Bharti D, Jang SJ, Park JS, Shivakumar SB, Lee SL, Kang D, Byun JH, Park BW, Rho GJ. In vitro comparative analysis of human dental stem cells from a single donor and its neuronal differentiation potential evaluated by electrophysiology. Life Sci 2016; 154:39-51. [PMID: 27107840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to find out a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) source from human dental tissues of the same donor (follicle, papilla and pulp), which exhibits higher neurogenic differentiation potential in vitro. MAIN METHODS MSCs were isolated from dental tissues (follicle, papilla and pulp) by digestion method. All MSCs were analyzed for pluripotent makers by western blot, cell surface markers by flow cytometry, adipo- and osteocytes markers by RT-qPCR. The neuronal differentiated MSCs were characterized for neuronal specific markers by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Functional neuronal properties were analyzed by electrophysiology and synaptic markers expression. KEY FINDINGS All MSCs expressed pluripotent markers (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) and were found positive for mesenymal markers (CD44, CD90, CD105) while negative for hematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD45). Furthermore, MSCs were successfully differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes and trans-differentiated into neuronal cells. Among them, dental pulp derived MSCs exhibits higher neurogenic differentiation potential, in term of expression of neuronal specific markers at both gene and protein level, and having higher Na(+) and K(+) current with the expression of synaptic markers. SIGNIFICANCE The three types of dental MSCs from a single donor broadly possessed similar cellular properties and can differentiate into neuronal cells; however, pulp derived MSCs showed higher neurogenic potential than the follicle and papilla, suggesting their use in future stem cells therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Khanabdali R, Saadat A, Fazilah M, Bazli KFK, Qazi REM, Khalid RS, Hasan Adli DS, Moghadamtousi SZ, Naeem N, Khan I, Salim A, Shamsuddin SA, Mohan G. Promoting effect of small molecules in cardiomyogenic and neurogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 10:81-91. [PMID: 26766903 PMCID: PMC4699543 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules, growth factors, and cytokines have been used to induce differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. Similarly, demethylating agents can trigger differentiation in adult stem cells. Here, we investigated the in vitro differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes by a demethylating agent, zebularine, as well as neuronal-like cells by β-mercaptoethanol in a growth factor or cytokines-free media. Isolated bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. These cells expressed positive markers for CD29, CD44, and CD117 and were negative for CD34 and CD45. After treatment with 1 μM zebularine for 24 hours, the MSCs formed myotube-like structures after 10 days in culture. Expression of cardiac-specific genes showed that treated MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of cardiac troponin-T, Nkx2.5, and GATA-4 compared with untreated cells. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that differentiated cells also expressed cardiac proteins, GATA-4, Nkx 2.5, and cardiac troponin-T. For neuronal differentiation, MSCs were treated with 1 and 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol overnight for 3 hours in complete and serum-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, respectively. Following overnight treatment, neuron-like cells with axonal and dendritic-like projections originating from the cell body toward the neighboring cells were observed in the culture. The mRNA expression of neuronal-specific markers, Map2, Nefl, Tau, and Nestin, was significantly higher, indicating that the treated cells differentiated into neuronal-like cells. Immunostaining showed that differentiated cells were positive for the neuronal markers Flk, Nef, Nestin, and β-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khanabdali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anbarieh Saadat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Fazilah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rida-e-Maria Qazi
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Sana Khalid
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nadia Naeem
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Gokula Mohan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Singh AK, Kashyap MP. An Overview on Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Based Alternative In Vitro Models for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:3216-26. [PMID: 26041658 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The developing brain is found highly vulnerable towards the exposure of different environmental chemicals/drugs, even at concentrations, those are generally considered safe in mature brain. The brain development is a very complex phenomenon which involves several processes running in parallel such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation and synaptogenesis. If any step of these cellular processes hampered due to exposure of any xenobiotic/drug, there is almost no chance of recovery which could finally result in a life-long disability. Therefore, the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessment of newly discovered drugs/molecules is a very serious concern among the neurologists. Animal-based DNT models have their own limitations such as ethical concerns and lower sensitivity with less predictive values in humans. Furthermore, non-availability of human foetal brain tissues/cells makes job more difficult to understand about mechanisms involve in DNT in human beings. Although, the use of cell culture have been proven as a powerful tool for DNT assessment, but many in vitro models are currently utilizing genetically unstable cell lines. The interpretation of data generated using such terminally differentiated cells is hard to extrapolate with in vivo situations. However, human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) have been proposed as an excellent tool for alternative DNT testing because neuronal development from undifferentiated state could exactly mimic the original pattern of neuronal development in foetus when hUCBSCs differentiated into neuronal cells. Additionally, less ethical concern, easy availability and high plasticity make them an attractive source for establishing in vitro model of DNT assessment. In this review, we are focusing towards recent advancements on hUCBSCs-based in vitro model to understand DNTs.
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Jin W, Xu YP, Yang AH, Xing YQ. In vitro induction and differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells by all-trans retinoic acid. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:250-6. [PMID: 25938036 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the optimal concentration for inducing the differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) into neuron-like cells, although it is understood that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) regulates cell proliferation in the nervous system by modulating the balance between mitosis and apoptosis. METHODS The abilities of ATRA to promote apoptosis as well as neural differentiation were assessed in cultured hUC-MSCs by morphological observation, MTT assay, annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The data showed that low concentrations of ATRA (0.5 µmol, 0.25 µmol) had no effect on the number of cells. However, treatment with 1.0 µmol or 2.0 µmol ATRA induced a 24.16% and 52.67% reduction in cell number, respectively, compared with vehicle-treated cultures. Further, 4.0 µmol ATRA had a potent effect on cell number, with almost no adherent cells recovered after 24h. We further showed that 0.5 µmol ATRA caused these cells to express characteristic markers of neuronal progenitor cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, we conclude that ATRA has a dose-dependent influence on the neural differentiation and apoptosis of hUC-MSCs. These findings have implications on the use of ATRA-differentiated hUC-MSCs for the study of neural degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao-Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - An-Huai Yang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Xing
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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Abstract
Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) transplantation is becoming a promising and attractive cell-based treatment modality for repairing the damaged central nervous system due to its advantages of low immunogenicity, wide range of sources, and less ethical controversy. One of the limitations of this approach is that the proportion of neurons differentiated from UCB-MSCs still remains at low level. Thus, to induce UCB-MSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells with a higher proportion is one of the key technologies of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Many induction protocols with remarkably higher differentiation rate to neurons have been reported. However, each protocol has its pros and cons and whether the neurons differentiated from UCB-MSCs under a certain protocol has normal nerve function remains controversial. Therefore, to guarantee the success of future clinical applications of UCB-MSCs, more investigations should be performed to improve the induction method and differentiation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (163 Hospital of PLA) , Changsha, Hunan , China
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Yang S, Sun HM, Yan JH, Xue H, Wu B, Dong F, Li WS, Ji FQ, Zhou DS. Conditioned medium from human amniotic epithelial cells may induce the differentiation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:978-86. [PMID: 23633297 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neuron therapy has been established as a new clinical tool for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Prior to cell transplantation, there are two primary issues that must be resolved: one is the appropriate seed cell origin, and the other is the efficient inducing technique. In the present study, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) were used as the available seed cells, and conditioned medium from human amniotic epithelial cells (ACM) was used as the inducing reagent. Results showed that the proportion of DA neuron-like cells from hUCB-MSCs was significantly increased after cultured in ACM, suggested by the upregulation of DAT, TH, Nurr1, and Pitx3. To identify the process by which ACM induces DA neuron differentiation, we pretreated hUCB-MSCs with k252a, the Trk receptor inhibitor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), and found that the proportion of DA neuron-like cells was significantly decreased compared with ACM-treated hUCB-MSCs, suggesting that NGF and BDNF in ACM were involved in the differentiation process. However, we could not rule out the involvement of other unidentified factors in the ACM, because ACM + k252a treatment does not fully block DA neuron-like cell differentiation compared with control. The transplantation of ACM-induced hUCB-MSCs could ameliorate behavioral deficits in PD rats, which may be associated with the survival of engrafted DA neuron-like cells. In conclusion, we propose that hUCB-MSCs are a good source of DA neuron-like cells and that ACM is a potential inducer to obtain DA neuron-like cells from hUCB-MSCs in vitro for an ethical and legal cell therapy for PD.
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MESH Headings
- Amnion/cytology
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Apomorphine
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epithelial Cells/chemistry
- Fetal Blood/cytology
- Fetus
- Flow Cytometry
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Oxidopamine/toxicity
- Parkinson Disease/etiology
- Parkinson Disease/physiopathology
- Parkinson Disease/surgery
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, trkA/genetics
- Receptor, trkA/metabolism
- Receptor, trkB/metabolism
- Stereotyped Behavior/drug effects
- Stereotyped Behavior/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Makhoul G, Chiu RCJ, Cecere R. Placental mesenchymal stem cells: a unique source for cellular cardiomyoplasty. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:1827-33. [PMID: 23541427 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In coronary heart disease, the use of stem cells for regeneration purposes has been broadly studied. Whereas bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells remain the most extensively investigated, other cell sources have been reported. Here we discuss and compare the characteristics of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a novel alternative cell source for cellular cardiomyoplasty. These cells are isolated from the human term placenta, which is normally discarded post partum. With their lack of ethical conflicts and young age, the readily available placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be more suitable for myocardial regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Makhoul
- Divisions of Cardiac and Experimental Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Stem cells are promising sources for repairing damaged neurons and glial cells in neural injuries and for replacing dead cells in neurodegenerative diseases. An essential step for stem cell-based therapy is to generate large quantities of stem cells and develop reliable culture conditions to direct efficient differentiation of specific neuronal and glial subtypes. The human umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood (UCB) are rich sources of multiple stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, unrestricted somatic stem cells, and embryonic-like stem cells. Human UC/UCB-derived cells are able to give rise to multiple cell types of neural lineages. Studies have shown that UCB and UCB-derived cells can survive in injured sites in animal models of ischemic brain damage and spinal cord injuries, and promote survival and prevent cell death of local neurons and glia. Human UCB is easy to harvest and purify. Moreover, unlike embryonic stem cells, the use of human UCB is not limited by ethical quandaries. Therefore, human UCB is an attractive source of stem cells for repairing neural injuries.
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14
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Abstract
Endothelial recovery and cell replacement are therapeutic challenges for cardiovascular medicine. Initially employed in the treatment of blood malignancies due to its high concentration of hematological precursors, umbilical cord blood (UCB) is now a non-controversial and accepted source of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic progenitors for a variety of emerging cell therapies in clinical trials. Here, we review the current therapeutic potential of UCB, focusing in recent evidence demonstrating the ability of UCB-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into the endothelial lineage and to develop new vasculature in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Zemelko VI, Grinchuk TM, Domnina AP, Artzibasheva IV, Zenin VV, Kirsanov AA, Bichevaia NK, Korsak VS, Nikolsky NN. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells of desquamated endometrium: Isolation, characterization, and application as a feeder layer for maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Kumar BM, Maeng GH, Lee YM, Kim TH, Lee JH, Jeon BG, Ock SA, Yoo JG, Rho GJ. Neurogenic and cardiomyogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from minipig bone marrow. Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:749-57. [PMID: 21985860 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential of minipig bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to differentiate in vitro into neuron- and cardiomyocyte-like cells. Isolated BM-MSCs exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, expressed CD29, CD44 and CD90, and differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Upon induction in two different neuronal specific media, most of BM-MSCs acquired the distinctive morphological features and positively stained for nestin, neurofilament-M (NF-M), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), β-tubulin, galactocerebroside (Gal-C) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Expression of nestin, GFAP and NF-M was further demonstrated by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Following cardiomyogenic induction, MSCs exhibited a stick-like morphology with extended cytoplasmic processes, and formed cluster-like structures. The expression of cardiac specific markers α-smooth muscle actin, cardiac troponin T, desmin and α-cardiac actin was positive for immunofluorescence staining, and further confirmed by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. In conclusion, our results showed the in vitro differentiation ability of porcine BM-MSCs into neuron-like and cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mohana Kumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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17
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Datta I, Mishra S, Mohanty L, Pulikkot S, Joshi PG. Neuronal plasticity of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells to the dopaminergic cell type compared with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:918-32. [PMID: 21696238 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.579957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from Wharton's jelly (WJ) of the umbilical cord are increasingly gaining prominence as substitutes for bone marrow (BM) MSC. While MSC isolated from different tissue sources may share common mesenchymal properties, the difference in their plasticity to individual lineages is ill-defined. Thus the focus of this study was to estimate the neuronal plasticity of WJ MSC to the dopaminergic (DA) cell type in comparison with BM MSC. METHODS For neuronal differentiation, MSC were exposed to developmentally relevant cues for midbrain DA neurons: sonic hedgehog (SHH) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), along with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). RESULTS Naive MSC from both sources constitutively expressed neuronal markers. Flow cytometry data revealed that the control WJ MSC shared a signature similar to BM MSC for early neuronal markers (nestin, musashi12 and A2B5) and DA-specific markers [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nuclear Receptor related protein 1 (Nurr1) but differed for mature neuronal proteins [β-tubulin III and microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map2ab)]. Similar populations of cells in both sources of MSC were positive for the SHH receptors [patched (PTCH) and smoothened (SMO)]. In induced BM and WJ MSC, real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed similar levels of DA-related transcription factors Nurr1 and Engrailed (En) 1. Immunocytochemical and flow cytometry analysis showed an increase in mature neuronal marker Map2ab. Kv4.2, a K(+) channel marker, was observed only in the induced MSC. Induced MSC also expressed several DA-specific markers, TH, dopamine and cyclic AMP regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP) 32, paired-like homeodomain transcription factor (PitX) 3 and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) 2, in comparable levels between the two sources. The efficiency (c. 65%) of transdifferentiation of WJ MSC to TH-positive cells was similar to that of induced BM MSC. Constitutive and inducible release of dopamine was found to be similar between induced BM and WJ MSC, as measured by dopamine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interestingly, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-stimulated change in intracellular Ca(2+) was observed in both control and induced MSC, but only the induced MSC was capable of releasing dopamine. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that MSC from the two different sources respond similarly to inductive cues to differentiate terminally to a DA cell type, and the neuronal plasticity of human WJ MSC is comparable with that of BM MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Datta
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Constituent Institute of Manipal University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Rooney GE, Knight AM, Madigan NN, Gross L, Chen B, Giraldo CV, Seo S, Nesbitt JJ, Dadsetan M, Yaszemski MJ, Windebank AJ. Sustained delivery of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate to the transected spinal cord via oligo [(polyethylene glycol) fumarate] hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:1287-302. [PMID: 21198413 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the use of oligo [(polyethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) hydrogel scaffolds as vehicles for sustained delivery of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) to the transected spinal cord. dbcAMP was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, which were embedded within the scaffolds architecture. Functionality of the released dbcAMP was assessed using neurite outgrowth assays in PC12 cells and by delivery to the transected spinal cord within OPF seven channel scaffolds, which had been loaded with Schwann cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our results showed that encapsulation of dbcAMP in microspheres lead to prolonged release and continued functionality in vitro. These microspheres were then successfully incorporated into OPF scaffolds and implanted in the transected thoracic spinal cord. Sustained delivery of dbcAMP inhibited axonal regeneration in the presence of Schwann cells but rescued MSC-induced inhibition of axonal regeneration. dbcAMP was also shown to reduce capillary formation in the presence of MSCs, which was coupled with significant functional improvements. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating PLGA microsphere technology for spinal cord transection studies. It represents a novel sustained delivery mechanism within the transected spinal cord and provides a platform for potential delivery of other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E Rooney
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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19
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Abstract
AbstractThe young human brain is highly plastic and thus early brain lesions can lead to aberrant development of connectivity and mapping of functions. This is why initially in cerebral palsy only subtle changes in spontaneous movements are seen after the time of lesion, followed by a progressive evolution of a movement disorder over many months and years. Thus we propose that interventions to treat cerebral palsy should be initiated as soon as possible in order to restore the nervous system to the correct developmental trajectory. One such treatment might be autologous stem cell transplantation either intracerebrally or intravenously. All babies come with an accessible supply of stem cells, the umbilical cord, which can supply cells that could theoretically replace missing neural cell types, or act indirectly by supplying trophic support or modulating inflammatory responses to hypoxia/ischaemia. However, for such radical treatment to be proposed, it is necessary to be able to detect and accurately predict the outcomes of brain injury from a very early age. This article reviews our current understanding of perinatal injuries that lead to cerebral palsy, how well modern imaging might predict outcomes, what stem cells are yielded from umbilical cord blood and experimental models of brain repair using stem cells.
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Hill AJ, Zwart I, Samaranayake AN, Al-Allaf F, Girdlestone J, Mehmet H, Navarrete R, Navarrete C, Jen LS. Rat neurosphere cells protect axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells and facilitate their regeneration. J Neurotrauma 2010; 26:1147-56. [PMID: 19203229 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of a population of rat neural stem and precursor cells derived from rat embryonic spinal cord to protect injured neurons in the rat central nervous system (CNS). The neonatal rat optic pathway was used as a model of CNS injury, whereby retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were axotomized by lesion of the lateral geniculate nucleus one day after birth. Neural stem and precursor cells derived from expanded neurospheres (NS) were transplanted into the lesion site at the time of injury. Application of Fast Blue tracer dye to the lesion site demonstrated that significant numbers of RGCs survived at 4 and 8 weeks in animals that received a transplant, with an average of 28% survival, though in some individual cases survival was greater than 50%. No RGCs survived in animals that received a lesion alone. Furthermore, labeled RGCs were also observed when Fast Blue was applied to the superior colliculus (SC) at 4 weeks, suggesting that neurosphere cells also facilitated RGC to regenerate to their normal target. Transplanted cells did not migrate or express neural markers after transplantation, and secreted several neurotrophic factors in vitro. We conclude that NS cells can protect injured CNS neurons and promote their regeneration. These effects are not attributable to cell replacement, and may be mediated via secretion of neurotrophic factors. Thus, neuroprotection by stem cell populations may be a more viable approach for treatment of CNS disorders than cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Chen A, Siow B, Blamire AM, Lako M, Clowry GJ. Transplantation of magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells in a model of perinatal brain injury. Stem Cell Res 2010; 5:255-66. [PMID: 20875955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periventricular white matter injury (PVWMI) in preterm infants is a leading cause of cerebral palsy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in experimental models of adult demyelinating conditions is reported to reduce neurological deficits so we investigated their potential for treating developmental PVWMI. Neonatal rat MSCs, when cultured and labeled in vitro with fluorescent, micrometer-sized paramagnetic iron oxide particles (MPIO), retained their differentiation potential. Rats received bilateral intracerebral injections of ibotenic acid at postnatal day 5 causing PVWMI-like lesions with localized hypomyelination and sensorimotor deficits. MPIO-labeled MSCs were transplanted near the lesion in the right hemisphere 1 day postlesioning. Animals receiving cell transplants showed significantly increased antimyelin immunoreactivity in the corpus callosum, and improved reaching and retrieval skills, compared to animals receiving conditioned medium only. In separate experiments, in vivo MRI demonstrated that MPIO-labeled cells migrated away from the injection site toward lesioned areas in both hemispheres, confirmed by microscopy postmortem, but double-labeling studies found little evidence of differentiation into neural phenotypes. MSC transplantation led to significantly more forebrain cell proliferation, assayed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, than in controls. MSC transplants may have been neuroprotective and indirectly contributed to brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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22
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Roura S, Farré J, Hove-Madsen L, Prat-Vidal C, Soler-Botija C, Gálvez-Montón C, Vilalta M, Bayes-Genis A. Exposure to cardiomyogenic stimuli fails to transdifferentiate human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Basic Res Cardiol 2010; 105:419-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Girdlestone J, Limbani VA, Cutler AJ, Navarrete CV. Efficient expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells from umbilical cord under low serum conditions. Cytotherapy 2010; 11:738-48. [PMID: 19878060 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903079401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are of clinical interest for their potential use in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. Originally derived from bone marrow (BM), MSC have now been isolated from most tissues, including umbilical cord (UC) and UC blood (UCB). If MSC from UC are biologically equivalent to those from BM, they would be attractive as a readily available and non-invasive source for cellular therapies. METHODS Sections of UC were separated into vascular and Wharton's jelly (WJ) fractions, which were then digested individually to release MSC that were isolated by plastic adherence in a 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) medium, or a low serum medium designed for multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC). The resulting perivascular (PV) and WJ MSC lines were assayed for expression of characteristic markers and differentiation and immunosuppressive properties. RESULTS MSC lines were readily derived from most UC tested. Cells grown in MAPC medium (MM) tended to be smaller and more elongated and expressed more nestin, but did not differ substantially in their growth rate, expression of other markers and differentiation capacity. All UC lines tested were adipogenic but poorly osteogenic, and were equivalent in their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), activation beads and allostimulation. CONCLUSIONS UC is a convenient, efficient source of MSC that can be expanded under low serum conditions for application on future studies of tissue regeneration and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Girdlestone
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Research Group, Colindale Centre, London, UK.
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Hill AJ, Zwart I, Tam HH, Chan J, Navarrete C, Jen LS, Navarrete R. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells do not differentiate into neural cell types or integrate into the retina after intravitreal grafting in neonatal rats. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:399-409. [PMID: 18665766 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from full-term human umbilical cord blood to survive, integrate and differentiate after intravitreal grafting to the degenerating neonatal rat retina following intracranial optic tract lesion. MSCs survived for 1 week in the absence of immunosuppression. When host animals were treated with cyclosporin A and dexamethasone to suppress inflammatory and immune responses, donor cells survived for at least 3 weeks, and were able to spread and cover the entire vitreal surface of the host retina. However, MSCs did not significantly integrate into or migrate through the retina. They also maintained their human antigenicity, and no indication of neural differentiation was observed in retinas where retinal ganglion cells either underwent severe degeneration or were lost. These results have provided the first in vivo evidence that MSCs derived from human umbilical cord blood can survive for a significant period of time when the host rat response is suppressed even for a short period. These results, together with the observation of a lack of neuronal differentiation and integration of MSCs after intravitreal grafting, has raised an important question as to the potential use of MSCs for neural repair through the replacement of lost neurons in the mammalian retina and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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25
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Zwart I, Hill AJ, Al-Allaf F, Shah M, Girdlestone J, Sanusi ABR, Mehmet H, Navarrete R, Navarrete C, Jen LS. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells are neuroprotective and promote regeneration in a rat optic tract model. Exp Neurol 2009; 216:439-48. [PMID: 19320003 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exploitation of the ability of stem cells to protect damaged neuronal tissue may be a more viable strategy than cell replacement for repair of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study we assessed the capacity of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to protect and promote regeneration of axotomised neurons within the rat optic system. The optic tract of neonatal rats was transected at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and MSCs were introduced into the lesion site. MSCs survived well up to 2 weeks after grafting, and did not migrate significantly or differentiate. In the presence of MSC grafts, host axonal processes were found to be present in the lesion site, and there was stimulation of an endogenous neural precursor population. Four weeks after grafting, retrograde tracer experiments demonstrated that grafted MSCs, as well as cells of a human fibroblast line, exerted a neuroprotective effect, rescuing a significant percentage of axotomised retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Further experiments with retrograde and anterograde tracers strongly indicated that MSCs could also promote re-growth of axotomised RGCs to their target, the superior colliculus (SC). Further analysis showed that hUCB-derived MSCs secreted several immunomodulatory and neurotrophic factors in vitro, including TGFbeta1, CNTF, NT-3 and BDNF, which are likely to play a role in neuroprotection. Our data indicate that hUCB-derived MSCs may be an easily accessible, widely available source of cells that can contribute towards neural repair through rescue and regeneration of injured neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Zwart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College London, UK
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26
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Martin-Rendon E, Sweeney D, Lu F, Girdlestone J, Navarrete C, Watt SM. 5-Azacytidine-treated human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord, cord blood and bone marrow do not generate cardiomyocytes in vitro at high frequencies. Vox Sang 2008; 95:137-48. [PMID: 18557828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that differentiate into such lineages as bone, fat, cartilage and stromal cells that support haemopoiesis. Bone marrow MSCs can also contribute to cardiac repair, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Here, we examine the potential of MSCs from different sources to generate cardiomyocytes in vitro, as a means for predicting their therapeutic potential after myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the perivascular tissue and Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord and from cord blood. Their immunophenotype and differentiation potential to generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and cardiomyoxcytes in vitro was compared with those of bone marrow MSCs. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord and cord blood were phenotypically similar to bone marrow MSCs, the exception being in the expression of CD106, which was absent on umbilical cord MSCs, and CD146 that was highly expressed in cord blood MSCs. They have variable abilities to give rise to osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes, with bone marrow MSCs being the most robust. While a small proportion (approximately 0.07%) of bone marrow MSCs could generate cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro, those from umbilical cord and cord blood did not express cardiac markers either spontaneously or after treatment with 5-azacytidine. CONCLUSION Although MSCs may be useful for such clinical applications as bone or cartilage repair, the results presented here indicate that such cells do not generate cardiomyocytes frequently enough for cardiac repair. Their efficacy in heart repair is likely to be due to paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martin-Rendon
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS-Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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