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Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang W, Sun H. The effects of exosomes originating from different cell sources on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into schwann cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:220. [PMID: 38698449 PMCID: PMC11067703 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into Schwann cells (SCs) during peripheral nerve injury; in our previous research, we showed that SC-derived exosomes (SC-exos) played a direct induction role while fibroblast-derived exosomes (Fb-exos) had no obvious induction role. The induction role of neural stem cell (NSC)-derived exosomes (NSC-exos) has also been widely confirmed. However, no studies have compared the induction effects of these three types of cells at the same time. Therefore, by investigating the effect of these three cell-derived exosomes upon the induction of BMSCs to differentiate into SCs, this study explored the role of different exosomes in promoting the differentiation of stem cells into SCs cells, and conducted a comparison between the two groups by RNA sequencing to further narrow the range of target genes and related gene pathways in order to study their related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extracted exosomes from SCs, fibroblasts (Fb) and neural stem cells (NSC) and then investigated the ability of these exosomes to induce differentiation into BMSCs under different culture conditions. The expression levels of key proteins and gene markers were detected in induced cells by fluorescence immunoassays, western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR); then, we statistically compared the relative induction effects under different conditions. Finally, we analyzed the three types of exosomes by RNA-seq to predict target genes and related gene pathways. RESULTS BMSCs were cultured by three media: conventional (no induction), pre-induction or pre-induction + original induction medium (ODM) with exosomes of the same cell origin under different culture conditions. When adding the three different types of exosomes separately, the overall induction of BMSCs to differentiate into SCs was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The induction ability was ranked as follows: pre-induction + ODM + exosome group > pre-induction + exosome group > non-induction + exosome group. Using exosomes from different cell sources under the same culture conditions, we observed the following trends under the three culture conditions: RSC96-exos group ≥ NSC-exos group > Fb-exos group. The overall ability to induce BMSCs into SCs was significantly greater in the RSC96-exos group and the NSC-exos group. Although there was no significant difference in induction efficiency when comparing these two groups, the overall induction ability of the RSC96-exos group was slightly higher than that of the NSC-exos group. By combining the differentiation induction results with the RNA-seq data, the three types of exosomes were divided into three comparative groups: RSC vs. NSC, RSC vs. Fb and NSC vs. Fb. We identified 203 differentially expressed mRNA target genes in these three groups. Two differentially expressed genes were upregulated simultaneously, namely riboflavin kinase (RFK, ENSRNOG00000022273) and ribosomal RNA processing 36 (Rrp36, ENSRNOG00000017836). We did not identify any co-upregulated target genes for the miRNAs, but did identify one target gene of the lncRNAs, namely ENSRNOG00000065005. Analysis identified 90 GO terms related to nerves and axons in the mRNAs; in addition, KEGG enrichment and GASA analysis identified 13 common differential expression pathways in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis found that pre-induction + ODM + RSC96/NSC-exos culture conditions were most conducive with regards to induction and differentiation. RSC96-exos and NSC-exos exhibited significantly greater differentiation efficiency of BMSCs into SCs. Although there was no statistical difference, the data indicated a trend for RSC96-exos to be advantageous We identified 203 differentially expressed mRNAs between the three groups and two differentially expressed target mRNAs were upregulated, namely riboflavin kinase (RFK, ENSRNOG00000022273) and ribosomal RNA processing 36 (Rrp36, ENSRNOG00000017836). 90 GO terms were related to nerves and axons. Finally, we identified 13 common differentially expressed pathways across our three types of exosomes. It is hoped that the efficiency of BMSCs induction differentiation into SCs can be improved, bringing hope to patients and more options for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101101, China.
| | - Xianxiang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101101, China
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Cao S, Yihao W, Qi T, Xiong A, Liu P, Chen Y, Zeng H, Yu F, Weng J. Combination of stem cells and nerve guide conduit for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury: A meta-analysis. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:227-238. [PMID: 38063327 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Many small-sized, single-center preclinical studies have investigated the benefits of introducing stem cells into the interior of nerve conduit. The aims of this meta-analysis are to review and contrast the effects of various types of stem cells in in vivo models used to reconstruct peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) and to assess the reliability and stability of the available evidence. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify studies conducted from January 1, 2000, to September 21, 2022, and investigate stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve reconstruction animal models. Studies that met the relevant criteria were deemed eligible for this meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifty-five preclinical studies with a total of 1234 animals were incorporated. Stem cells demonstrated a positive impact on peripheral nerve regeneration at different follow-up times in the forest plots of five outcome indicators: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, latency, muscle mass ratio, nerve conduction velocity, and sciatic functional index (SFI). In most comparisons, stem cell groups showed substantial differences compared with the control groups. The superior performance of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in terms of SFI, CMAP amplitude, and latency (p < .001) was identified. DISCUSSION The findings consistently demonstrated a favorable outcome in the reconstruction process when utilizing different groups of stem cells, as opposed to control groups where stem cells were not employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Cao
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yihao
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Xiong
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Dar ER, Gugjoo MB, Farooq F, Nazir T, Shah SA, Ahmad SM, Shah RA, Ahmad RA, Dar SH, Makhdoomi DM. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue for repairing acute sciatic nerve injury in a rabbit model. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102162. [PMID: 37487256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is one of the common disabling clinical conditions and around 50% of the cases end up in permanent impairment. Due to the lack of effective treatment options regenerative medicine employing stem cells is being evaluated. The presented study evaluated and compared regeneration potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AD) in acute rabbit sciatic nerve injury (axonotmesis) model. A total of n = 54 grey giant rabbits were made subject of the study and divided equally into 3 groups: Control, BM-MSCs in Collagen I and AD-MSCs in Collagen I as per the treatment given. Iliac crest BM and omental AD was harvested from the same donor for isolation and culture of MSCs. The repair of sciatic nerve injury was evaluated on days 60 and 90. The clinical and histopathological scores and SEM morphology was better in cell treated groups as compared to the control. Morphology and histological studies revealed injured nerve in different levels of regenerative process. Gene expression was more than double for N-Cadherin in cell treated groups as compared to the control, especially at day 60. Between cell treated groups, BM-MSCs group showed better response as compared to the AD-MSCs, although statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). Incomplete nerve regeneration observed under various diagnostic parameters was in compliance to the incomplete clinical recovery at day 90. It was concluded that MSCs may improve sciatic nerve healing but fall short of complete regeneration at day 90, although BM-MSCs may have an edge over AD-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Rasool Dar
- Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India.
| | - Fajar Farooq
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Tahir Nazir
- Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Shah
- Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Raja Aijaz Ahmad
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Shahid Hussian Dar
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, India
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Sivanarayanan TB, Bhat IA, Sharun K, Palakkara S, Singh R, Remya, Parmar MS, Bhardwaj R, Chandra V, Munuswamy P, Kinjavdekar P, Pawde AM, Amarpal, Sharma GT. Allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its conditioned media for repairing acute and sub-acute peripheral nerve injuries in a rabbit model. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102053. [PMID: 36907044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated healing potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and BM-MSCs-conditioned medium (BM-MSCs-CM) for acute and subacute injuries in the rabbit peripheral nerve injury model. The regenerative capacity of MSCs was evaluated in 40 rabbits divided into eight groups, four groups each for acute and subacute injury models. BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM were prepared by isolating allogenic bone marrow from the iliac crest. After inducing sciatic nerve crush injury, different treatments consisting of PBS, Laminin, BM-MSCs + laminin, and BM-MSCS-CM + laminin were used on the day of injury in the acute injury model and after ten days of crush injury in the subacute groups. The parameters studied included: pain, total neurological score, gastrocnemius muscle weight and volume ratio, histopathology of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings indicate that BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM have augmented the regenerative capacity in acute and subacute injury groups with a slightly better improvement in the subacute groups than the animals in acute injury groups. Histopathology data revealed different levels of regenerative process undergoing in the nerve. Neurological observations, gastrocnemius muscle evaluation, muscle histopathology, and the SEM results depicted better healing in animals treated with BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM. With this data, it could be concluded that BM-MSCs support the healing of injured peripheral nerves, and the BM-MSCS-CM does accelerate the healing of acute and subacute peripheral nerve injuries in rabbits. However, stem cell therapy may be indicated during the subacute phase for better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Sivanarayanan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeetha Palakkara
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Remya
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehtab Singh Parmar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Bhardwaj
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanivelu Munuswamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Kinjavdekar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G Taru Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India.
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5
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Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Tanaka M, Noguchi T, Ando M, Yoshimoto K, Sakamoto D, Iwai T, Miyazaki Y, Akieda S, Ikeya M, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. Nerve regeneration using the Bio 3D nerve conduit fabricated with spheroids. J Artif Organs 2022. [PMID: 35970971 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-022-01358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Autologous nerve grafting is the gold standard method for peripheral nerve injury with defects. Artificial nerve conduits have been developed to prevent morbidity at the harvest site. However, the artificial conduit regeneration capacity is not sufficient. A Bio 3D printer is technology that creates three-dimensional tissue using only cells. Using this technology, a three-dimensional nerve conduit (Bio 3D nerve conduit) was created from several cell spheroids. We reported the first application of the Bio 3D nerve conduit for peripheral nerve injury. A Bio 3D nerve conduit that was created from several cells promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. The Bio 3D nerve conduit may be useful clinically to treat peripheral nerve defects.
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Zhou N, Xu Z, Li X, Ren S, Chen J, Xiong H, Wang C, Guo J, Kang Y, Chen Z, Li W, Yang X, Zhang X, Xu X. Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomes Induce the Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Into Schwann Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:835135. [PMID: 35174212 PMCID: PMC8841477 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.835135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into Schwann cells (SCs) at the site of nerve injury, where Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SC-Exos) are suspected to exert an induction effect. Our study aimed to induce the differentiation of ADSCs in vitro using SC-Exos and to investigate the mechanisms involved through miRNA sequencing. Subcutaneous fat was used to extract ADSCs. Exosomes were extracted from Schwann cell lines (RSC96) using ultracentrifugation and were able to be taken up by human ADSCs. After 8 days of induction of ADSCs by SC-Exos, phenotypic characteristics were observed by examining the expression of SC markers (S100ß, NGFR, MPZ, GFAP) through RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. The RNA and protein expression levels of S100ß, NGFR, MPZ, and GFAP were found to be significantly higher in the SC-Exo induction group than in the uninduced group, which was also consistent with the immunofluorescence results. Additionally, miRNA sequencing was performed on exosome-induced ADSCs, followed by bioinformatic analysis and validation of the results. According to the sequencing results, there were a total of 94 differentially expressed miRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that 3506 Gene Ontology terms and 98 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were significantly enriched. Ten miRNAs, 5 target mRNAs and elevated expression of the PIK3CD/Akt pathway were validated by RT-qPCR or Western blot, which is consistent with the sequencing results. Our study demonstrates that the utility of SC-Exos is effective in inducing the differentiation of ADSCs into SCs, in which these validated differentially expressed miRNAs exert a vital effect. This work provides a new paradigm via rationally applying Schwann cell-derived exosomes as a promising therapeutic option for repairing peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Sen Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hewei Xiong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahe Guo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofan Yang, ; Xing Zhang, ; Xiang Xu,
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Xiaofan Yang, ; Xing Zhang, ; Xiang Xu,
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofan Yang, ; Xing Zhang, ; Xiang Xu,
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Guan Y, Yang B, Xu W, Li D, Wang S, Ren Z, Zhang J, Zhang T, Liu XZ, Li J, Li C, Meng F, Han F, Wu T, Wang Y, Peng J. Cell-derived extracellular matrix materials for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2021; 28:1007-1021. [PMID: 34641714 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of cell-derived extracellular matrix (CDM) in assembling tissue engineering scaffolds has yielded significant results. CDM possesses excellent characteristics, such as ideal cellular microenvironment mimicry and good biocompatibility, which make it a popular research direction in the field of bionanomaterials. CDM has significant advantages as an expansion culture substrate for stem cells, including stabilization of phenotype, reversal of senescence, and guidance of specific differentiation. In addition, the applications of CDM-assembled tissue engineering scaffolds for disease simulation and tissue organ repair are comprehensively summarized; the focus is mainly on bone and cartilage repair, skin defect or wound healing, engineered blood vessels, peripheral nerves, and periodontal tissue repair. We consider CDM a highly promising bionic biomaterial for tissue engineering applications and propose a vision for its comprehensive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Guan
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Boyao Yang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Dongdong Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Sidong Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Zhiqi Ren
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China;
| | - Tieyuan Zhang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA, General Hospital; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China;
| | - Xiu-Zhi Liu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China;
| | - Junyang Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, 481107, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Chaochao Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China;
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China.,Peking University People's Hospital, 71185, Department of spine surgery, Beijing, China;
| | - Feng Han
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China;
| | - Tong Wu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China.,Nantong University, 66479, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Jiang Peng
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, 104607, Institute of Orthopedics; Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Beijing, China.,Nantong University, 66479, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, Jiangsu, China;
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Yurie H, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Tanaka M, Oda H, Takeuchi H, Mitsuzawa S, Ando M, Yoshimoto K, Noguchi T, Akieda S, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. Bio 3D Conduits Derived from Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720951551. [PMID: 32830545 PMCID: PMC7784509 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720951551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a nerve conduit created from fibroblasts promotes nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model. This study aims to determine whether a nerve conduit created from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can promote nerve regeneration. Primary BMSCs were isolated from femur bone marrow of two Lewis rats, and cells at passages 4–7 were used. We created seven Bio 3D nerve conduits from BMSCs using a Bio-3D Printer. The conduits were transplanted to other Lewis rats to bridge 5-mm right sciatic nerve gaps (Bio 3D group, n = 7). We created two control groups: a silicone group (S group, n = 5) in which the same nerve gap was bridged with a silicone tube, and a silicone cell group (SC group, n = 5) in which the gap was bridged with a BMSC injection. Twelve weeks after transplantation, nerve regeneration was evaluated functionally and morphologically. In addition, PKH26-labeled BMSCs were used to fabricate a Bio 3D conduit that was transplanted for cell trafficking analysis. Electrophysiological study, kinematic analysis, wet muscle weight, and morphological parameters showed significantly better nerve regeneration in the Bio 3D group than in the S group or SC group. In immunohistochemical studies, sections from the Bio 3D group contained abundant S-100-positive cells. In cell trafficking analysis, PKH26-positive cells stained positive for the Schwann cell markers S-100, p75NTR, and GFAP. Bio 3D nerve conduits created from BMSCs can promote peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model through BMSC differentiation into Schwann-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadaki Mitsuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, 13030Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Andjelkov N, Riyadh H, Ivarsson M, Kacarevic-Popovic Z, Krstic J, Wretenberg P. The enhancement of cartilage regeneration by use of a chitosan-based scaffold in a 3D model of microfracture in vitro: a pilot evaluation. J Exp Orthop 2021; 8:12. [PMID: 33599885 PMCID: PMC7892646 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-021-00328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Andjelkov
- Department of Orthopedics, Västmanlands Regional Hospital, Västerås, Sweden. .,Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanlands Regional Hospital, Västerås, Sweden. .,Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - H Riyadh
- Department of Orthopedics, Västmanlands Regional Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - M Ivarsson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Z Kacarevic-Popovic
- Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Krstic
- Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P Wretenberg
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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10
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Paiva GR, Viterbo F, Deffune E, Custódio MAD. Stem cells in end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Experimental study in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 35:e351207. [PMID: 33503220 PMCID: PMC7819685 DOI: 10.1590/acb351207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the influence of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in
the end-to-side neurorrhaphy, focusing in the nerve regeneration and the
muscle reinnervation in acute trauma. Methods: 140 animals were randomly divided in seven groups: control, denervated,
end-to-side neurorrhaphy between distal stump of common peroneal nerve and
tibial nerve (ESN), ESN wrapped in fascia, ESN wrapped in fascia and
platelet gel, ESN wrapped in platelet gel, ESN wrapped in fascia and
platelet gel within stem cells (without culture) removed from the adipose
tissue. Mass measurements of the animal and of cranial tibial muscles,
electromyography, walking track analysis tests and histological examinations
of the nerves and muscles after 180 days was performed. Results: In the groups where the ESN was performed, the results were always better
when compared to the denervated group, showing reinnervation in all ESN
groups. The most sensitive methods were walking track and histological
analysis. Only the group with stem cells showed values similar to the
control group, as well as the functional indices of peroneal nerve and the
number of nerve fibers in the peroneal nerve. Conclusions: Stem cells were effective in ESN according with the functional index of the
peroneal nerve, evaluated by walking track analysis and the number of nerve
fibers in the peroneal nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fausto Viterbo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júliode Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
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11
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Yurie H, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Ito A, Tanaka M, Noguchi T, Oda H, Takeuchi H, Mitsuzawa S, Ando M, Yoshimoto K, Akieda S, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. Mechanism of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using a Bio 3D Conduit Derived from Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Reconstr Microsurg 2020; 37:357-364. [PMID: 32957155 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the development of a scaffold-free Bio three-dimensional (3D) nerve conduit from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The aim of this study was to investigate the regenerative mechanism of peripheral nerve cells using a Bio 3D conduit in a rat sciatic nerve defect model. METHODS Bio 3D conduits composed of NHDFs were developed, and cell viability was evaluated using a LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay immediately before transplantation and 1-week post-surgery. Tracking analysis using PKH26-labeled NHDFs was performed to assess the distribution of NHDFs within the regenerated nerve and the differentiation of NHDFs into functional Schwann cells (SCs). RESULTS The assessment of the viability of cells within the Bio 3D conduit showed high cell viability both immediately before transplantation and 1-week post-surgery (88.56 ± 1.70 and 87.58 ± 9.11, respectively). A modified Masson's trichrome staining of the Bio 3D conduit revealed the formation of a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) in between the cells. We observed, via tracking analysis, that the tube-like distribution of the NHDFs remained stable, the majority of the regenerated axons had penetrated this structure and PKH26-labeled cells were also positive for S-100. CONCLUSION Abundant ECM formation resulted in a stable tube-like structure of the Bio 3D conduit with high cell viability. NHDFs in the Bio 3D conduit have the potential to differentiate into SCs-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadaki Mitsuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Wang H, Jia Y, Li J, Liu Q. Schwann cell‑derived exosomes induce bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells to express Schwann cell markers in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1640-1646. [PMID: 32016464 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, factors in the local microenvironment can induce the differentiation of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into Schwann cells; however, the specific factors that participate in this process remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Schwann cell‑derived exosomes in the differentiation of BMSCs into Schwann cells. Exosomes were extracted from Schwann cells or fibroblasts and co‑cultured with BMSCs. The morphology, as well as gene and protein expressions of the BMSCs were measured to determine the effect of exosomes on cell differentiation. The levels of Schwann cell‑specific markers in BMSCs were significantly increased by Schwann cell‑derived exosomes compared with untreated BMSCs; however, fibroblast‑derived exosomes did not demonstrate the same effects. In conclusion, Schwann cell‑derived exosomes may be involved in the differentiation of BMSCs into Schwann cells, which may provide a novel target for promoting nerve regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101199, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Jiamou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101199, P.R. China
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Al-Massri KF, Ahmed LA, El-Abhar HS. Mesenchymal stem cells in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A new challenging approach that requires further investigations. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:108-122. [PMID: 31677248 DOI: 10.1002/term.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs may disrupt the nervous system and cause chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as side effects. There are no completely successful medications for the prevention or treatment of CIPN. Many drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants have been used for symptomatic treatment of CIPN. Unfortunately, these drugs often give only partial relief or have dose-limiting side effects. Thus, the treatment of CIPN becomes a challenge because of failure to regenerate and repair the injured neurons. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a new attractive approach for CIPN. Evidence has demonstrated that MSCs play important roles in reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, as well as mediating axon regeneration after nerve damage in several experimental studies and some clinical trials. We will briefly review the pathogenesis of CIPN, traditional therapies used and their drawbacks as well as therapeutic effects of MSCs, their related mechanisms, future challenges for their clinical application, and the additional benefit of their combination with pharmacological agents. MSCs-based therapies may provide a new therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from CIPN where further investigations are required for studying their exact mechanisms. Combined therapy with pharmacological agents can provide another promising option for enhancing MSC therapy success while limiting its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Mathot F, Rbia N, Thaler R, Bishop AT, Van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. Gene expression profiles of differentiated and undifferentiated adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells dynamically seeded onto a processed nerve allograft. Gene 2019; 724:144151. [PMID: 31626959 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into Schwann-like cells onto processed nerve allografts may support peripheral nerve repair. The purpose of this study was to understand the biological characteristics of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs before and after seeding onto a processed nerve allograft by comparing gene expression profiles. METHODS MSCs from Lewis rats were cultured in maintenance media or differentiated into Schwann-like cells. Both treatment groups were dynamically seeded onto decellularized nerve allografts derived from Sprague-Dawley rats. Gene expression was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of representative biomarkers, including neurotrophic (GDNF, PTN, GAP43, PMP22), angiogenic (CD31, VEGF1), extracellular matrix (ECM) (COL1A1, COL3A1, FBLN1, LAMB2) or cell cycle (CAPS3, CCBN2) genes. Gene expression values were statistically evaluated using a 2-factor ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS Baseline gene expression of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs was significantly altered upon interaction with processed nerve allografts. Interaction between processed allografts and undifferentiated MSCs enhanced expression of neurotrophic (NGF, GDNF, PMP22), ECM (FBLN1, LAMB2) and regulatory cell cycle genes (CCNB2) during a 7-day time course. Interactions of differentiated MSCs with nerve allografts enhanced expression of neurotrophic (NGF, GDNF, GAP43), angiogenic (VEGF1), ECM (FBLN1) and regulatory cell cycle genes (CASP3, CCNB2) within one week. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic seeding onto processed nerve allografts modulates temporal gene expression profiles of differentiated and undifferentiated MSCs. These changes in gene expressions may support the reparative functions of MSCs in supporting nerve regeneration in different stages of axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Mathot
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA
| | - Allen T Bishop
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J Van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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15
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Mathot F, Rbia N, Bishop AT, Hovius SER, Van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. Adhesion, distribution, and migration of differentiated and undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded on nerve allografts. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 73:81-89. [PMID: 31202698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although undifferentiated MSCs and MSCs differentiated into Schwann-like cells have been extensively compared in vitro and in vivo, studies on the ability and efficiency of differentiated MSCs for delivery into nerve allografts are lacking. As this is essential for their clinical potential, the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of MSCs differentiated into Schwann-like cells to be dynamically seeded on decellularized nerve allografts and to compare their seeding potential to that of undifferentiated MSCs. METHODS Fifty-six sciatic nerve segments from Sprague Dawley rats were decellularized, and MSCs were harvested from Lewis rat adipose tissue. Control and differentiated MSCs were dynamically seeded on the surface of decellularized allografts. Cell viability, seeding efficiencies, cell adhesion, distribution, and migration were evaluated. RESULTS The viability of both cell types was not influenced by the processed nerve allograft. Both cell types achieved maximal seeding efficiency after 12 h of dynamic seeding, albeit that differentiated MSCs had a significantly higher mean seeding efficiency than control MSCs. Dynamic seeding resulted in a uniform distribution of cells among the surface of the nerve allograft. No cells were located inside the nerve allograft after seeding. CONCLUSION Differentiated MSCs can be dynamically seeded on the surface of a processed nerve allograft, in a similar fashion as undifferentiated MSCs. Schwann-like differentiated MSCs have a significantly higher seeding efficiency after 12 h of dynamic seeding. We conclude that differentiation of MSCs into Schwann-like cells may improve the seeding strategy and the ability of nerve allografts to support axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Mathot
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Allen T Bishop
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven E R Hovius
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Hand and Wrist Surgery, Xpert Clinic, Jan Leentvaarlaan 14-24, 3065 DC Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andre J Van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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16
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Rink S, Bendella H, Akkin SM, Manthou M, Grosheva M, Angelov DN. Experimental Studies on Facial Nerve Regeneration. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1287-1303. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Rink
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental and Oral MedicineUniversity of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Habib Bendella
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC) Cologne Germany
| | - Salih Murat Akkin
- Department of Anatomy, School of MedicineSANKO University Gaziantep Turkey
| | - Marilena Manthou
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyAristotle University Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Maria Grosheva
- Department of Oto‐Rhino‐LaryngologyUniversity of Cologne Cologne Germany
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Abstract
Since synthetic nerve conduits do not exhibit ideal regeneration characteristics, they are generally inadequate substitutes for autologous nerve grafts in the repair of long peripheral nerve defects. To resolve this problem, in this study, a nerve regeneration acellular nerve graft (ANG) with homologous dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was constructed. Xenogeneic ANG was processed by Myroilysin to completely remove cells and myelin sheath, while preserving extracellular matrix (ECM) microstructure of the natural nerve. The study revealed that ANG could support cell attachment and proliferation and did not stimulate a vigorous host rejection response. After inoculation of rabbit DPSCs (r-DPSCs) onto ANG, cells were observed to align along the longitudinal axis of the acellular nerve matrix (ANM) and persistently express NGF and BDNF. Undifferentiated r-DPSCs also presented glial cell characteristics and promoted nerve regeneration after transplantation in vivo. We repaired 1 cm purebred New Zealand White Rabbits sciatic nerve defects using this nerve graft construction, and nerve gap regeneration was indicated by electrophysiological and histological analysis. Therefore, we conclude that the combination of an ANG processed by Myroilysin with DPSCs providing a microenvironment that increases nerve regeneration for repairing peripheral nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xianglian An
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cryomedicine Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, PR China
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Su WF, Wu F, Jin ZH, Gu Y, Chen YT, Fei Y, Chen H, Wang YX, Xing LY, Zhao YY, Yuan Y, Tang X, Chen G. Overexpression of P2X4 receptor in Schwann cells promotes motor and sensory functional recovery and remyelination via BDNF secretion after nerve injury. Glia 2018; 67:78-90. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Fan Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Zi-Han Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Ying-Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Ying Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Ling-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Ya-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration; Nantong University; Nantong China
- Department of Anesthesiology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong China
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19
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20
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Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells of neuroectodermal origin; they provide an encouraging perspective in the domain of nerve tissue engineering. DPSCs could be transplanted in biodegradable electrospun neuro-supportive scaffold (optimized in various 3D geometries like coating on the surface of titanium implant, hollow/solid tubes, etc.) for enhanced in vivo recovery of peripheral nerves. Herein, we describe the fabrication of uniform bead-free nanofibrous scaffold which supports DPSCs, proliferation, and their subsequent neural differentiation and thus could be utilized for enhanced regeneration of peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayesh R Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. .,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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21
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Piao C, Li Z, Ding J, Qin Z. Biomechanical Analysis of Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Catheter Combined with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Matrix Transplantation for Long Sciatic Nerve Defect Repair. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Piao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhigang Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
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Ashraf R, Sofi HS, Beigh MA, Majeed S, Arjamand S, Sheikh FA. Prospects of Natural Polymeric Scaffolds in Peripheral Nerve Tissue-Regeneration. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dabrowska S, Sypecka J, Jablonska A, Strojek L, Wielgos M, Domanska-Janik K, Sarnowska A. Neuroprotective Potential and Paracrine Activity of Stromal Vs. Culture-Expanded hMSC Derived from Wharton Jelly under Co-Cultured with Hippocampal Organotypic Slices. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6021-6036. [PMID: 29134515 PMCID: PMC5994221 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of enormous translational progress in stem cell clinical application, our knowledge about biological determinants of transplantation-related protection is still limited. In addition to adequate selection of the cell source well dedicated to a specific disease and optimal standardization of all other pre-transplant procedures, we have decided to focus more attention to the impact of culture time and environment itself on molecular properties and regenerative capacity of cell cultured in vitro. The aim of this investigation was to determine neuroprotection-linked cell phenotypic and functional changes that could spontaneously take place when freshly isolated Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC) undergo standard selection, growth, and spontaneous differentiation throughout passaging in vitro. For determining their neuroprotective potential, we used experimental model of human WJ-MSC co-culture with intact or oxygen-glucose-deprived (OGD) rat organotypic hippocampal culture (OHC). It has been shown that putative molecular mechanisms mediating regenerative interactions between WJ-MSC and OHC slices relies mainly on mesenchymal cell paracrine activity. Interestingly, it has been also found that the strongest protective effect is exerted by the co-culture with freshly isolated umbilical cord tissue fragments and by the first cohort of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) migrating out of these fragments (passage 0). Culturing of WJ-derived hMSC in well-controlled standard conditions under air atmosphere up to fourth passage caused unexpected decline of neuroprotective cell effectiveness toward OGD-OHC in the co-culture model. This further correlated with substantial changes in the WJ-MSC phenotype, profile of their paracrine activities as well as with the recipient tissue reaction evaluated by changes in the rat-specific neuroprotection-linked gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dabrowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jablonska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Strojek
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Wielgos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Domanska-Janik
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Yurie H, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Kaizawa Y, Tajino J, Ito A, Ohta S, Oda H, Takeuchi H, Akieda S, Tsuji M, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. The efficacy of a scaffold-free Bio 3D conduit developed from human fibroblasts on peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171448. [PMID: 28192527 PMCID: PMC5305253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autologous nerve grafting is the gold standard treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, several alternative methods have been developed, including nerve conduits that use supportive cells. However, the seeding efficacy and viability of supportive cells injected in nerve grafts remain unclear. Here, we focused on a novel completely biological, tissue-engineered, scaffold-free conduit. METHODS We developed six scaffold-free conduits from human normal dermal fibroblasts using a Bio 3D Printer. Twelve adult male rats with immune deficiency underwent mid-thigh-level transection of the right sciatic nerve. The resulting 5-mm nerve gap was bridged using 8-mm Bio 3D conduits (Bio 3D group, n = 6) and silicone tube (silicone group, n = 6). Several assessments were conducted to examine nerve regeneration eight weeks post-surgery. RESULTS Kinematic analysis revealed that the toe angle to the metatarsal bone at the final segment of the swing phase was significantly higher in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (-35.78 ± 10.68 versus -62.48 ± 6.15, respectively; p < 0.01). Electrophysiological studies revealed significantly higher compound muscle action potential in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (53.60 ± 26.36% versus 2.93 ± 1.84%; p < 0.01). Histological and morphological studies revealed neural cell expression in all regions of the regenerated nerves and the presence of many well-myelinated axons in the Bio 3D group. The wet muscle weight of the tibialis anterior muscle was significantly higher in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (0.544 ± 0.063 versus 0.396 ± 0.031, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that scaffold-free Bio 3D conduits composed entirely of fibroblast cells promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Kaizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iseikai Yawata Chuo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Tajino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury can have a potentially devastating impact on a patient's quality of life, resulting in severe disability with substantial social and personal cost. Refined microsurgical techniques, advances in peripheral nerve topography, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular basis of nerve injury have all led to a decisive leap forward in the field of translational neurophysiology. Nerve repair, nerve grafting, and nerve transfers have improved significantly with consistently better functional outcomes. Direct nerve repair with epineural microsutures is still the surgical treatment of choice when a tension-free coaptation in a well-vascularized bed can be achieved. In the presence of a significant gap (>2-3 cm) between the proximal and distal nerve stumps, primary end-to-end nerve repair often is not possible; in these cases, nerve grafting is the treatment of choice. Indications for nerve transfer include brachial plexus injuries, especially avulsion type, with long distance from target motor end plates, delayed presentation, segmental loss of nerve function, and broad zone of injury with dense scarring. Current experimental research in peripheral nerve regeneration aims to accelerate the process of regeneration using pharmacologic agents, bioengineering of sophisticated nerve conduits, pluripotent stem cells, and gene therapy. Several small molecules, peptides, hormones, neurotoxins, and growth factors have been studied to improve and accelerate nerve repair and regeneration by reducing neuronal death and promoting axonal outgrowth. Targeting specific steps in molecular pathways also allows for purposeful pharmacologic intervention, potentially leading to a better functional recovery after nerve injury. This article summarizes the principles of nerve repair and the current concepts of peripheral nerve regeneration research, as well as future perspectives. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e141-e156.].
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Xue C, Ren H, Zhu H, Gu X, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Huang J, Wang S, Zha G, Gu J, Yang Y, Gu Y, Gu X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived acellular matrix-coated chitosan/silk scaffolds for neural tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1246-1257. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel tissue engineered nerve graft (TENG) was used for the first time to bridge a 60 mm long nerve gap in a dog sciatic nerve and achieved satisfactory results.
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Şenses F, Önder ME, Koçyiğit ID, Kul O, Aydin G, Inal E, Atil F, Tekin U. Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:1759-64. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000003066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Zarinfard G, Tadjalli M, Razavi S, Kazemi M. Effect of Laminin on Neurotrophic Factors Expression in Schwann-Like Cells Induced from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:465-73. [PMID: 27501706 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Schwann-like cells can be considered as promising in stem cell therapies, at least in experimental models. Human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are induced into Schwann-like cells (SC-like cells) and are cultured on either a plastic surface or laminin-coated plates. The findings here reveal that laminin is a critical component in extracellular matrix (ECM) of SC-like cells at in vitro. The survival rate of SC-like cells on a laminin matrix are measured through MTT assay and it is found that this rate is significantly higher than that of the cells grown on a plastic surface (P < 0.05). Schwann cell markers and the myelinogenic ability of SC-like cells at the presence versus absence of laminin are assessed through immunocytochemistry. The analysis of GFAP/S100β and S100β/MBP markers indicate that laminin can increase the differentiated rate and myelinogenic potential of SC-like cells. The expression levels of SCs markers, myelin basic proteins (MBP), and neurotrophic factors in two conditions are analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The findings here demonstrated that gene expression of SCs markers, MBP, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) increase significantly on laminin compared to plastic surface (P < 0.01). In contrast, the nerve growth factor (NGF) expression is downregulated significantly on laminin-coated plates (P < 0.05). The obtained data suggest that production of neurotrophic factors in SC-like cell in presence of laminin can induce appropriate microenvironment for nerve repair in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Li X, Yuan Z, Wei X, Li H, Zhao G, Miao J, Wu D, Liu B, Cao S, An D, Ma W, Zhang H, Wang W, Wang Q, Gu H. Application potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) based tissue-engineering for spinal cord defect repair in rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2016; 27:77. [PMID: 26894267 PMCID: PMC4760996 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Spina bifida aperta are complex congenital malformations resulting from failure of fusion in the spinal neural tube during embryogenesis. Despite surgical repair of the defect, most patients who survive with spina bifida aperta have a multiple system handicap due to neuron deficiency of the defective spinal cord. Tissue engineering has emerged as a novel treatment for replacement of lost tissue. This study evaluated the prenatal surgical approach of transplanting a chitosan-gelatin scaffold seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the healing the defective spinal cord of rat fetuses with retinoic acid induced spina bifida aperta. Scaffold characterisation revealed the porous structure, organic and amorphous content. This biomaterial promoted the adhesion, spreading and in vitro viability of the BMSCs. After transplantation of the scaffold combined with BMSCs, the defective region of spinal cord in rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta at E20 decreased obviously under stereomicroscopy, and the skin defect almost closed in many fetuses. The transplanted BMSCs in chitosan-gelatin scaffold survived, grew and expressed markers of neural stem cells and neurons in the defective spinal cord. In addition, the biomaterial presented high biocompatibility and slow biodegradation in vivo. In conclusion, prenatal transplantation of the scaffold combined with BMSCs could treat spinal cord defect in fetuses with spina bifida aperta by the regeneration of neurons and repairmen of defective region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Guifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jiaoning Miao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Songying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Dong An
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Zhuang H, Bu S, Hua L, Darabi MA, Cao X, Xing M. Gelatin-methacrylamide gel loaded with microspheres to deliver GDNF in bilayer collagen conduit promoting sciatic nerve growth. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1383-94. [PMID: 27099497 PMCID: PMC4824364 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s96324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-loaded microspheres, then seeded the microspheres in gelatin-methacrylamide hydrogel, which was finally integrated with the commercial bilayer collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®). The novel composite of nerve conduit was employed to bridge a 10 mm long sciatic nerve defect in a rat. GDNF-loaded gelatin microspheres had a smooth surface with an average diameter of 3.9±1.8 μm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that microspheres were uniformly distributed in both the GelMA gel and the layered structure. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in vitro release studies (pH 7.4) of GDNF from microspheres exhibited an initial burst release during the first 3 days (18.0%±1.3%), and then, a prolonged-release profile extended to 32 days. However, in an acidic condition (pH 2.5), the initial release percentage of GDNF was up to 91.2%±0.9% within 4 hours and the cumulative release percentage of GDNF was 99.2%±0.2% at 48 hours. Then the composite conduct was implanted in a 10 mm critical defect gap of sciatic nerve in a rat. We found that the nerve was regenerated in both conduit and autograft (AG) groups. A combination of electrophysiological assessment and histomorphometry analysis of regenerated nerves showed that axonal regeneration and functional recovery in collagen tube filled with GDNF-loaded microspheres (GM + CT) group were similar to AG group (P>0.05). Most myelinated nerves were matured and arranged densely with a uniform structure of myelin in a neat pattern along the long axis in the AG and GM + CT groups, however, regenerated nerve was absent in the BLANK group, left the 10 mm gap empty after resection, and the nerve fiber exhibited a disordered arrangement in the collagen tube group. These results indicated that the hybrid system of bilayer collagen conduit and GDNF-loaded gelatin microspheres combined with gelatin-methacrylamide hydrogels could serve as a new biodegradable artificial nerve guide for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shoushan Bu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad A Darabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Gu Y, Li Z, Huang J, Wang H, Gu X, Gu J. Application of marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2250-2260. [PMID: 26777754 DOI: 10.1002/term.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To advance molecular and cellular therapy into the clinic for peripheral nerve injury, modification of neural scaffolds with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of peripheral nerves has been established as a promising alternative to direct inclusion of support cells and/or growth factors within a neural scaffold, while cell-derived ECM proves to be superior to tissue-derived ECM in the modification of neural scaffolds. Based on the fact that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), just like Schwann cells, are adopted as support cells within a neural scaffold, in this study we used BMSCs as parent cells to generate ECM for application in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. A chitosan nerve guidance conduit (NGC) and silk fibroin filamentous fillers were respectively prepared for co-culture with purified BMSCs, followed by decellularization to stimulate ECM deposition. The ECM-modified NGC and lumen fillers were then assembled into a chitosan-silk fibroin-based, BMSC-derived, ECM-modified neural scaffold, which was implanted into rats to bridge a 10 mm-long sciatic nerve gap. Histological and functional assessments after implantation showed that regenerative outcomes achieved by our engineered neural scaffold were better than those achieved by a plain chitosan-silk fibroin scaffold, and suggested the benefits of BMSC-derived ECM for peripheral nerve repair. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Centre of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmeiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Centre of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongkui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Centre of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Centre of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Gu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, People's Republic of China
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Cao S, Wei X, Li H, Miao J, Zhao G, Wu D, Liu B, Zhang Y, Gu H, Wang L, Fan Y, An D, Yuan Z. Comparative Study on the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Between Fetal and Postnatal Rat Spinal Cord Niche. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1115-30. [PMID: 26651539 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we established a prenatal surgical approach and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the fetal rat spinal column to treat neural tube defects (NTDs). We found that the transplanted MSCs survived and differentiated into neural lineage cells. Various cytokines and extracellular signaling systems in the spinal cord niche play an important role in cell differentiation. In this study, we observed the differentiation of transplanted MSCs in different spinal cord niches and further observed the expression of neurotrophic factors and growth factors in the spinal cord at different developmental stages to explore the mechanism of MSC differentiation in different spinal cord niches. The results showed that transplanted MSCs expressed markers of neural precursor cells (nestin), neurogliocytes (GFAP), and neurons (β-tubulin). The percentages of GFP(+)/nestin(+) double-positive cells in transplanted MSCs in E16, P1, and P21 rats were 18.31%, 12.18%, and 5.06%, respectively. The percentages of GFP(+)/GFAP(+) double-positive cells in E16, P1, and P21 rats were 32.01%, 15.35%, and 12.56%, respectively. The percentages of GFP(+)/β-tubulin(+) double-positive cells in E16, P1, and P21 were 11.76%, 7.62%, and 4.88%, respectively. The differentiation rates of MSCs in embryonic spinal cords were significantly higher than in postnatal spinal cords (p < 0.05). We found that the transplanted MSCs expressed synapsin-1 at different developmental stages. After MSC transplantation, we observed that neurotrophic factor-3 (NT-3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), FGF-8, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) significantly increased in the MSC transplantation group compared with the blank injection group. Furthermore, FGF-2 and VEGF expression were positively correlated with the number of surviving MSCs. In addition, we found that the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, FGF-8, TGF-β, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) decreased with age, and the expression of FGF-2, FGF-10, FGF-20, TGF-α, and PDGF increased with age. Our data suggest that the embryonic spinal cord niche is more conducive to MSC differentiation after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songying Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sebben AD, Lichtenfels M, da Silva JL. PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION: CELL THERAPY AND NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS. Rev Bras Ortop 2011; 46:643-9. [PMID: 27027067 DOI: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve trauma results in functional loss in the innervated organ, and recovery without surgical intervention is rare. Many surgical techniques can be used for nerve repair. Among these, the tubulization technique can be highlighted: this allows regenerative factors to be introduced into the chamber. Cell therapy and tissue engineering have arisen as an alternative for stimulating and aiding peripheral nerve regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide a survey and analysis on the results from experimental and clinical studies that used cell therapy and tissue engineering as tools for optimizing the regeneration process. The articles used came from the LILACS, Medline and SciELO scientific databases. Articles on the use of stem cells, Schwann cells, growth factors, collagen, laminin and platelet-rich plasma for peripheral nerve repair were summarized over the course of the review. Based on these studies, it could be concluded that the use of stem cells derived from different sources presents promising results relating to nerve regeneration, because these cells have a capacity for neuronal differentiation, thus demonstrating effective functional results. The use of tubes containing bioactive elements with controlled release also optimizes the nerve repair, thus promoting greater myelination and axonal growth of peripheral nerves. Another promising treatment is the use of platelet-rich plasma, which not only releases growth factors that are important in nerve repair, but also serves as a carrier for exogenous factors, thereby stimulating the proliferation of specific cells for peripheral nerve repair.
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Zhu L, Liu T, Cai J, Ma J, Chen AM. Repair and regeneration of lumbosacral nerve defects in rats with chitosan conduits containing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Injury 2015; 46:2156-63. [PMID: 26429103 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the great progress in surgical treatment of lumbosacral nerve injuries caused by high-energy trauma, functional recovery remains poor and insufficient. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which express neurotrophic factors and can also differentiate into nerve cells, have potential as an effective alternative therapy for lumbosacral nerve defects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional recovery, nerve regeneration, motor neuron survival and apoptosis after lumbosacral nerve transection in rats receiving BMSC transplantation into the chitosan conduit. METHODS The right L4-L6 nerve roots of rats were transected and bridged with three 1-cm-long chitosan conduits, which were further injected with the BMSCs (MSC-treated group) or culture medium (DMEM group). The nerve regeneration and motor function recovery were assessed by the sciatic functional index (SFI) and analysed electrophysiologically and morphologically. RESULTS At 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, the SFI values in MSC-treated group were significantly higher than those in DMEM group (P≤0.05). The peak amplitude of CMAP (compound muscle action potential) and nerve conduction velocity in MSC-treated group were significantly higher than that in DMEM group (P≤0.01), while the latency of CMAP onset in MSC-treated group was significantly shorter than that in DMEM group (P≤0.01). The diameter of the myelinated fibres and thickness of the myelin sheath in MSC-treated group were significantly higher than those in DMEM group (P≤0.05). There was no difference in the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at 6 weeks post-operation (P>0.05), while the number of motor neurons was significantly greater in MSC-treated group than that in DMEM group at 12 weeks post-operation (P≤0.001). The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly lower (P≤0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that BMSCs treatment improved lumbosacral nerve regeneration and motor function. In addition, our data suggested that BMSCs inhibited motor neuron apoptosis, and improved motor neuron function and survival in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.
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Guo ZY, Sun X, Xu XL, Zhao Q, Peng J, Wang Y. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote peripheral nerve repair via paracrine mechanisms. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:651-8. [PMID: 26170829 PMCID: PMC4424761 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.155442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) represent a promising young-state stem cell source for cell-based therapy. hUCMSC transplantation into the transected sciatic nerve promotes axonal regeneration and functional recovery. To further clarify the paracrine effects of hUCMSCs on nerve regeneration, we performed human cytokine antibody array analysis, which revealed that hUCMSCs express 14 important neurotrophic factors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, hepatocyte growth factor, neurotrophin-3, basic fibroblast growth factor, type I collagen, fibronectin and laminin were highly expressed. Treatment with hUCMSC-conditioned medium enhanced Schwann cell viability and proliferation, increased nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in Schwann cells, and enhanced neurite growth from dorsal root ganglion explants. These findings suggest that paracrine action may be a key mechanism underlying the effects of hUCMSCs in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ; The Neural Regeneration Co-innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China ; The Neural Regeneration Co-innovation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kurwale NS, Suri V, Srivastava A, Suri A, Mohanti S, Yadav P, Sharma MC, Sarkar C. Role of bone marrow derived pluripotent stem cells in peripheral nerve repair in adult rats: A morphometric evaluation. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2015; 6:152-9. [PMID: 25883471 PMCID: PMC4387802 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.153218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Semi-quantitative and quantitative assessment of the effect of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) on early and late phase of nerve regeneration in rat sciatic nerve model. Materials and Methods: Sciatic nerve transection and repair was performed in 50 inbred female Wistar albino rats divided equally in two groups. In the test group the gap was filled with BM-MNCs obtained from the two male rats and fibrin sealant, while in the control group only fibrin sealant was used. Sciatic nerve was harvested at 15 days and at 60 days interval. Parameters of regeneration were assessed at anastomosis (G), intermediate distal (C), and distal site (A). Semi-quantitative (histopathological) and quantitative (morphometric) parameters were analyzed. Results: At 15 days there was a statistically significant difference found in mean axon diameter, mean nerve thickness and myelin thickness at the repair site (P < 0.05). However, in the distal areas, the axons were sparse and myelin rings were very thin in both the groups. At 60 days, the difference in above-mentioned parameters was statistically significant at the distal most sites. FISH assay confirmed the presence of Y chromosome, confirming the presence of BM-MNCs from the male rats. Conclusions: Transplanting BM-MNCS at the site of peripheral nerve injury leads to significantly better recovery. These differences were evident at the repair site and at the intermediate distal site at 15 days and at the distal most sites at 60 days. With practically no ethical issue regarding their isolation and application, they can be easily used for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh S Kurwale
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arati Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanti
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Yadav
- Central Animal Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meher C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Eren F, Öksüz S, Küçükodaci Z, Kendırlı MT, Cesur C, Alarçın E, Irem Bektaş E, Karagöz H, Kerımoğlu O, Köse GT, Ülkür E, Gorantla V. Targeted mesenchymal stem cell and vascular endothelial growth factor strategies for repair of nerve defects with nerve tissue implanted autogenous vein graft conduits. Microsurgery 2015; 36:578-585. [PMID: 25867169 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve gaps exceeding 1 cm require a bridging repair strategy. Clinical feasibility of autogenous nerve grafting is limited by donor site comorbidity. In this study we investigated neuroregenerative efficacy of autogenous vein grafts implanted with tissue fragments from distal nerve in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in repair of rat peripheral nerve defects. Six-groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 each) were evaluated in the autogenous setting using a 1.6 cm long peroneal nerve defect: Empty vein graft (group 1), Nerve graft (group 2), Vein graft and nerve fragments (group 3), Vein graft and nerve fragments and blank microspheres (group 4), Vein graft and nerve fragments and VEGF microspheres (group 5), Vein graft and nerve fragments and MSCs (group 6). Nerve fragments were derived from distal segment. Walking track analysis, electrophysiology and nerve histomorphometry were performed for assessment. Peroneal function indices (PFI), electrophysiology (amplitude) and axon count results for group 2 were -9.12 ± 3.07, 12.81 ± 2.46 mV, and 1697.88 ± 166.18, whereas the results for group 5 were -9.35 ± 2.55, 12.68 ± 1.78, and 1566 ± 131.44, respectively. The assessment results did not reveal statistical difference between groups 2 and 5 (P > 0.05). The best outcomes were seen in group 2 and 5 followed by group 6. Compared to other groups, poorest outcomes were seen in group 1 (P ≤ 0.05). PFI, electrophysiology (amplitude) and axon count results for group 1 were -208.82 ± 110.69, 0.86 ± 0.52, and 444.50 ± 274.03, respectively. Vein conduits implanted with distal nerve-derived nerve fragments improved axonal regeneration. VEGF was superior to MSCs in facilitating nerve regeneration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:578-585, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fıkret Eren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sınan Öksüz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Zafer Küçükodaci
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tansel Kendırlı
- Department of Neurology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Cesur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emıne Alarçın
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Marmara University, ıstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgı Irem Bektaş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyın Karagöz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Kerımoğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Marmara University, ıstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Torun Köse
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.,CoE in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersın Ülkür
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vijay Gorantla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Kaizawa Y, Kakinoki R, Ikeguchi R, Ohta S, Noguchi T, Oda H, Matsuda S. Bridging a 30 mm defect in the canine ulnar nerve using vessel-containing conduits with implantation of bone marrow stromal cells. Microsurgery 2015; 36:316-24. [PMID: 25773965 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that undifferentiated bone marrow stromal cell (uBMSC) implantation and vessel insertion into a nerve conduit facilitated peripheral nerve regeneration in a rodent model. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of the uBMSC-laden vessel-containing conduit in repair of segmental nerve defects, using a canine model. Eight beagle dogs were used in this study. Thirty-millimeter ulnar nerve defects were repaired with the conduits (right forelimbs, n = 8) or autografts (left forelimbs, n = 7). In the conduit group, the ulnar artery was inserted into the l-lactide/ε-caprolactone tube, which was filled with autologous uBMSCs obtained from the ilium. In the autograft group, the reversed nerve segments were sutured in situ. At 8 weeks, one dog with only nerve repair with the conduit was sacrificed and the regenerated nerve in the conduit underwent immunohistochemistry for investigation of the differentiation capability of the implanted uBMSCs. In the remaining seven dogs, the repaired nerves underwent electrophysiological examination at 12 and 24 weeks and morphometric measurements at 24 weeks. The wet weight of hypothenar muscles was measured at 24 weeks. At 8 weeks, almost 35% of the implanted uBMSCs expressed glial markers. At 12 weeks, amplitude (0.4 ± 0.4mV) and conduction velocity (18.9 ± 14.3m/s) were significantly lower in the conduit group than in the autograft group (3.2 ± 2.5 mV, 34.9 ± 12.1 m/s, P < 0.05). Although the nerve regeneration in the conduit group was inferior when compared with the autograft group at 24 weeks, there were no significant differences between both groups, regarding amplitude (10.9 ± 7.3 vs. 25.3 ± 20.1 mV; P = 0.11), conduction velocity (23.5 ± 8.7 vs 31.6 ± 20.0m/s; P = 0.35), myelinated axon number (7032 ± 4188 vs 7165 ± 1814; P = 0.94), diameter (1.73 ± 0.31 vs 2.09 ± 0.39μm; P = 0.09), or muscle weight (1.02 ± 0.40 vs 1.19 ± 0.26g; P = 0.36). In conclusion, this study showed that vessel-containing tubes with uBMSC implantation may be an option for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. However, further investigations are needed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:316-324, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Kaizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kakinoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Souichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takashi Noguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan
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Fairbairn NG, Meppelink AM, Ng-Glazier J, Randolph MA, Winograd JM. Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:11-26. [PMID: 25621102 PMCID: PMC4300921 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain frustratingly poor. The reasons for this are multifactorial, although maintaining a growth permissive environment in the distal nerve stump following repair is arguably the most important. The optimal environment for axonal regeneration relies on the synthesis and release of many biochemical mediators that are temporally and spatially regulated with a high level of incompletely understood complexity. The Schwann cell (SC) has emerged as a key player in this process. Prolonged periods of distal nerve stump denervation, characteristic of large gaps and proximal injuries, have been associated with a reduction in SC number and ability to support regenerating axons. Cell based therapy offers a potential therapy for the improvement of outcomes following peripheral nerve reconstruction. Stem cells have the potential to increase the number of SCs and prolong their ability to support regeneration. They may also have the ability to rescue and replenish populations of chromatolytic and apoptotic neurons following axotomy. Finally, they can be used in non-physiologic ways to preserve injured tissues such as denervated muscle while neuronal ingrowth has not yet occurred. Aside from stem cell type, careful consideration must be given to differentiation status, how stem cells are supported following transplantation and how they will be delivered to the site of injury. It is the aim of this article to review current opinions on the strategies of stem cell based therapy for the augmentation of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Nijhuis THJ. Venous Conduit as a Model for Nerve Regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6335-0_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brzezicki G, Jundzill A. Epineural Tube Repair. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6335-0_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mendiola A. Tissue Engineered Conduit. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6335-0_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECT.: For decades the gold standard for reconstructing a large peripheral nerve defect has been, and remains, the nerve autograft. Alternatives to the nerve autograft include biological conduits and vessels. Adding stem cells in the lumen of a nerve conduit has been the subject of multiple studies. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to summarize animal experimental studies on the effect of stem cells as a luminal additive when reconstructing a peripheral nerve defect with a nerve graft. METHODS A literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed from inception to April 2012, searching for animal experiments on peripheral nerve reconstruction models in which a nerve conduit was used with and without the support of 3 different types of stem cells. Stem cells were analyzed according to their origin: bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other origins. Included studies had consistent outcome measurements: walking track analysis, muscle mass ratio, and electrophysiology. RESULTS Forty-four studies were included in the final analysis. Forest plots of the 3 outcome measurements (walking track analysis, muscle mass ratio, and electrophysiology) showed positive effects of stem cells on the regeneration of peripheral nerves at different time points. Almost all comparisons showed significant differences for all 3 stem cells groups compared with a control group in which stem cells were not used. CONCLUSIONS The present report systematically analyzed the different studies that used stem cells as a luminal additive when bridging a large peripheral nerve defect. All 3 different stem cell groups showed a beneficial effect when used in the reconstruction compared with control groups in which stem cells were not used.
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Hawryluk GWJ, Spano S, Chew D, Wang S, Erwin M, Chamankhah M, Forgione N, Fehlings MG. An Examination of the Mechanisms by which Neural Precursors Augment Recovery following Spinal Cord Injury: A Key Role for Remyelination. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:365-80. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x662408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which neural precursor cells (NPCs) enhance functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) remain unclear. Spinal cord injured rats were transplanted with wild-type mouse NPCs, shiverer NPCs unable to produce myelin, dead NPCs, or media. Most animals also received minocycline, cyclosporine, and perilesional infusion of trophins. Motor function was graded according to the BBB scale. H&E/LFB staining was used to assess gray and white matter, cyst, and lesional tissue. Mature oligodendrocytes and ED1+ inflammatory cells were quantitated. Confocal and electron microscopy were used to assess the relationship between the transplanted cells and axons. Pharmacotherapy and trophin infusion preserved gray matter, white matter, and oligodendrocytes. Trophin infusion also significantly increased cyst and lesional tissue volume as well as inflammatory infiltrate, and functional recovery was reduced. Animals transplanted with wild-type NPCs showed greatest functional recovery; animals transplanted with shiverer NPCs performed the worst. Wild-type NPCs remyelinated host axons. Shiverer NPCs ensheathed axons but did not produce MBP. These results suggest that remyelination by NPCs is an important contribution to functional recovery following SCI. Shiverer NPCs may prevent remyelination by endogenous cells capable of myelin formation. These findings suggest that remyelination is an important therapeutic target following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. J. Hawryluk
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefania Spano
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Chew
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shelly Wang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Erwin
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmood Chamankhah
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Forgione
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gerald and Tootsie Halbert Chair, Neural Repair and Regeneration, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yao L, Daly W, Newland B, Yao S, Wang W, Chen BKK, Madigan N, Windebank A, Pandit A. Improved axonal regeneration of transected spinal cord mediated by multichannel collagen conduits functionalized with neurotrophin-3 gene. Gene Ther 2013; 20:1149-57. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lichtenfels M, Colomé L, Sebben AD, Braga-Silva J. Effect of platelet rich plasma and platelet rich fibrin on sciatic nerve regeneration in a rat model. Microsurgery 2013; 33:383-90. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lichtenfels
- Laboratory of Medical Abilities and Surgical Research; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Lucas Colomé
- Laboratory of Medical Abilities and Surgical Research; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Alessandra Deise Sebben
- Laboratory of Medical Abilities and Surgical Research; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Jefferson Braga-Silva
- Department of Surgery, and Full Professor in Surgery of the Hand; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Wang H, Zhang H, Liu M, Wang N. Distal segment extracts of the degenerated rat sciatic nerve induce bone marrow stromal cells to express Schwann cell markers in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2013; 544:89-93. [PMID: 23583596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have the ability to support nerve regeneration when transplanted into lesion sites, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that specific factors in the lesioned microenvironment induce the differentiation of transplanted MSCs into functional Schwann-like cells. To test this hypothesis and determine the origin of such factors, we investigated the effects of different extracts from degenerated rat sciatic nerves on MSCs in vitro. After 3 days of degeneration, extracts from the distal segment (Ds) and proximal segment (Ps) of the rat sciatic nerve were used in experiments. After 1 day of treatment, the morphology of MSCs cultured with Ds extracts were spindle shaped, and the cells interconnected with each other, followed by gradual loss of typical morphology during culture. After 7 days of treatment, western blotting and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the cells cultured with Ds extracts had significantly higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Sox10, Oct6, and early growth response 2(Egr2) than that of cells cultured with Ps extracts and the untreated cells. Our study suggests that, in the microenvironments of nerve lesions, specific factors induce MSCs to differentiate into functional Schwann-like cells, which may originate from the Ds of the degenerated nerve. These results may help to elucidate the mechanisms by which MSCs function in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR, China.
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Li H, Gao F, Ma L, Jiang J, Miao J, Jiang M, Fan Y, Wang L, Wu D, Liu B, Wang W, Lui VCH, Yuan Z. Therapeutic potential of in utero mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) transplantation in rat foetuses with spina bifida aperta. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1606-17. [PMID: 22004004 PMCID: PMC3823228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are complex congenital malformations resulting from incomplete neurulation in embryo. Despite surgical repair of the defect, most of the patients who survive with NTDs have a multiple system handicap due to neuron deficiency of the defective spinal cord. In this study, we successfully devised a prenatal surgical approach and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to foetal rat spinal column to treat retinoic acid induced NTDs in rat. Transplanted MSCs survived, grew and expressed markers of neurons, glia and myoblasts in the defective spinal cord. MSCs expressed and perhaps induced the surrounding spinal tissue to express neurotrophic factors. In addition, MSC reduced spinal tissue apoptosis in NTD. Our results suggested that prenatal MSC transplantation could treat spinal neuron deficiency in NTDs by the regeneration of neurons and reduced spinal neuron death in the defective spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Hu N, Wu H, Xue C, Gong Y, Wu J, Xiao Z, Yang Y, Ding F, Gu X. Long-term outcome of the repair of 50 mm long median nerve defects in rhesus monkeys with marrow mesenchymal stem cells-containing, chitosan-based tissue engineered nerve grafts. Biomaterials. 2013;34:100-111. [PMID: 23063298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite great progress in the fields of tissue engineering and stem cell therapy, the translational and preclinical studies are required to accelerate the clinical application of tissue engineered nerve grafts, as an alternative to autologous nerve grafts, for peripheral nerve repair. Rhesus monkeys (non-human primates) are more clinically relevant and more suitable for scaling up to humans as compared to other mammalians. Based on this premise, and considering a striking similarity in the anatomy and function between human and monkey hands, here we used chitosan/PLGA-based, autologous marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-containing tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) for bridging a 50-mm long median nerve defect in rhesus monkeys. At 12 months after grafting, locomotive activity observation, electrophysiological assessments, and FG retrograde tracing tests indicated that the recovery of nerve function by TENGs was more efficient than that by chitosan/PLGA scaffolds alone; histological and morphometric analyses of regenerated nerves further confirmed that the morphological reconstruction by TENGs was close to that by autografts and superior to that by chitosan/PLGA scaffolds alone. In addition, blood test and histopathological examination demonstrated that TENGs featured by addition of autologous MSCs could be safely used in the primate body. These findings suggest the efficacy of our developed TENGs for peripheral nerve regeneration and their promising perspective for clinical applications.
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Nijhuis THJ, Bodar CWJ, van Neck JW, Walbeehm ET, Siemionow M, Madajka M, Cwykiel J, Blok JH, Hovius SER. Natural conduits for bridging a 15-mm nerve defect: comparison of the vein supported by muscle and bone marrow stromal cells with a nerve autograft. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012; 66:251-9. [PMID: 23063384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The gold standard for reconstructing large nerve defects, the nerve autograft, results in donor-site morbidity. This detrimental consequence drives the search for alternatives. We used a vein filled with a small piece of fresh muscle to prevent the vein from collapsing and with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to enhance regeneration. METHODS In 60 rats, a 15-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged with a nerve autograft, a vein filled with muscle or a vein filled with muscle and BMSCs. Toe spread and pinprick were used to evaluate motor and sensory function. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and the gastrocnemius muscle index (GMI) were recorded to assess conduction properties and denervation atrophy. Extensive histology was performed to confirm presence of BMSCs and to evaluate regeneration by staining neural tissue for Schwann cells and neural growth factor. RESULTS After 12 weeks, all animals responded with toe spread and pinprick reaction; significant differences were found between groups. Six weeks post grafting no difference was found comparing the GMI between the groups. Group I had a significant increase in GMI at 12 weeks compared to group II and group III. The CMAP measurements showed comparable results at 6 weeks post grafting. Twelve weeks after reconstruction, group I had significantly better results compared to group II and group III. Group III showed a tendency to outperform group II at 12 weeks postoperatively. Immunofluorescence analysis showed an increased number of Schwann cells in group III compared to group II. The BMSCs were visible 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS This study is a step forward in the search for an alternative to the nerve autograft because it demonstrates the beneficial effect of BMSCs to a conduit. However, our data do not demonstrate sufficient benefit to warrant clinical implementation at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim H J Nijhuis
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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