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Tak Y, Kaur M, Chitranashi A, Samota MK, Verma P, Bali M, Kumawat C. Fenugreek derived diosgenin as an emerging source for diabetic therapy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1280100. [PMID: 38371502 PMCID: PMC10873921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1280100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that endangers the entire body's tissues and organs. Diabetes impairs glucose and insulin regulation in the human body by causing pancreatic cell damage. Diabetes modifies pathways such as serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and Protein kinase C (PKC)/- glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) glucose absorption, and inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase, Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. Diabetes may also be caused by a decrease in the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its target genes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), as well as a decrease in the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase12, and Caspase3 proteins. Diabetes has long been linked to diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, and renal systems. Diosgenin, a steroidal compound derived from fenugreek, aids in the prevention of diabetes by altering cellular pathways in favor of healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin is a new nutraceutical on the market that claims to cure diabetes in particular. This article focuses on diosgenin extraction and purification, fenugreek bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties of diosgenin, mode of action of diosgenin to cure diabetes, and dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhishek Chitranashi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Samota
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manoj Bali
- School of Sciences, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, India
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Cheng H, Hu Y, Zhao H, Zhou G, Wang G, Ma C, Xu Y. Exploring the association between triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid function. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:508. [PMID: 37946276 PMCID: PMC10636949 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunction is associated with abnormal glucose-insulin homeostasis, and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been recommended as a convenient surrogate of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG and thyroid function in the US population. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2012 in a cross-sectional manner. Aside from conventional thyroid parameters, our study evaluated the central sensitivity to thyroid hormones (THs) using the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), thyrotropin resistance index (TT4RI), and thyrotropin index (TSHI). To evaluate peripheral sensitivity to THs, we calculated the ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) and the sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (SPINA-GD). In the 1848 adults, multivariable linear regression, subgroup, and interaction analyses were employed to estimate the association between TyG and thyroid parameters. The nonlinear relationship was addressed by smooth curve fittings and generalized additive models. RESULTS After adjusting covariates, we demonstrated a significant negative association between TyG and FT4 (β = - 0.57, p < 0.001), and a positive relationship between TyG and thyroid-stimulating hormone (β = 0.34, p = 0.037), as well as TgAb (β = 17.06, p = 0.005). Subgroup analysis indicated that the association between TyG and TgAb was more pronounced in the female subjects (β = 32.39, p < 0.001, p for interaction = 0.021). We also confirmed an inverse correlation between TyG and central sensitivity to THs, as assessed by TSHI and TT4RI (βTSHI = 0.12, p < 0.001; βTT4RI = 2.54, p = 0.023). In terms of peripheral sensitivity to THs, we found a significant positive correlation between TyG and FT3/FT4 (β = 0.03, p = 0.004), and SPINA-GD (β = 2.93, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The present study established a noteworthy association between TyG and thyroid parameters, indicating a strong link between IR and thyroid dysfunction. Further investigations are warranted to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.155, Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Outpatient Department, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, No.1, Zhongfu Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Kim HJ, Kim B, Kim S, Kwon H, Yun JM, Cho B, Park JH. Effects of the abdominal fat distribution on the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and thyroid hormones among Korean adult males. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:423. [PMID: 37821991 PMCID: PMC10566041 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several significant associations between air pollution and thyroid function have been reported, but few studies have identified whether these associations differ by obesity, particularly its regional distribution. We assessed the relationship between ambient air pollution and thyroid hormone, and whether this relationship is modified by abdominal adiposity, as indicated by the waist circumference, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) in Korean men. METHODS We included 2440 male adults in the final analysis and used each person's annual average exposure to four air pollutants: particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). Abdominal fat deposition was quantified by computed tomography. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations were measured for thyroid hormone. To evaluate the relationship between air pollution and thyroid hormone according to adiposity, we performed multiple linear regression analysis on the two subgroups stratified by abdominal fat level. RESULTS Abdominal adiposity was significantly related to FT4 concentration. The exposures to air pollutants were associated with increased TSH and decreased FT4 concentrations. In stratified analysis using abdominal fat traits, ambient air pollution except for SO2 was significantly related to increased TSH and decreased FT4 concentrations in the high adiposity group (all p < 0.05), but not in the normal adiposity group. Among the air pollutants, PM10 showed an association with an increase of TSH concentration in all group with high adiposity, including high VAT, high SAT, and high VSR groups (all p < 0.05). In case of FT4, CO showed a similar pattern. Among the abdominal fat-related traits, the VSR in the high adiposity group had the largest effect on the relationship between exposure to air pollutants and thyroid hormone. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the first clue that the relationship between air pollution exposure and thyroid hormone differs according to abdominal fat distribution among Korean adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Seyoung Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Hyuktae Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03 Daehakro, Yeongun-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03 Daehakro, Yeongun-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03 Daehakro, Yeongun-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Yeongun-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03 Daehakro, Yeongun-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Yeongun-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Nikanorova AA, Barashkov NA, Pshennikova VG, Teryutin FM, Nakhodkin SS, Solovyev AV, Romanov GP, Burtseva TE, Fedorova SA. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) Levels in Humans Depending on Seasonal Air Temperature Changes: Is the Variation in FT3 Levels Related to Nonshivering Thermogenesis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14052. [PMID: 37762355 PMCID: PMC10531421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating normal development, growth, and metabolic function. However, the controversy surrounding seasonal changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels remains unresolved. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of variations in FT3 levels in relation to seasonal air temperatures in the context of current knowledge about its role in nonshivering thermogenesis. Ten eligible articles with a total of 336,755 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were categorized into two groups based on the air temperature: "Cold winter", where the winter temperature fell below 0 °C, and "Warm winter", where the winter temperature was above 0 °C. The analysis revealed that in cold regions, FT3 levels decreased in winter compared to summer (I2 = 57%, p < 0.001), whereas in warm regions, FT3 levels increased during winter (I2 = 28%, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that seasonal variations in FT3 levels are likely to be influenced by the winter temperature. Considering the important role of the FT3 in the nonshivering thermogenesis process, we assume that this observed pattern is probably related to the differences in use of thyroid hormones in the brown adipose tissue during adaptive thermogenesis, which may depend on intensity of cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A. Nikanorova
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Nikolay A. Barashkov
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Vera G. Pshennikova
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Fedor M. Teryutin
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Sergey S. Nakhodkin
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Aisen V. Solovyev
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Georgii P. Romanov
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Tatiana E. Burtseva
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Sardana A. Fedorova
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
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Alwan H, Ribero VA, Efthimiou O, Del Giovane C, Rodondi N, Duntas L. A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of thyroid diseases. Endocrine 2023:10.1007/s12020-023-03503-7. [PMID: 37688711 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and incidence of thyroid disorders by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Ovid Medline, Embase.com, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to February 22, 2023. Publications from prospective studies were included if they provided data on baseline MetS status or one of its components and assessed the incidence of thyroid disorders over time. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for developing thyroid disorders. RESULTS After full-text screening of 2927 articles, seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Two of these studies assessed MetS as an exposure (N = 71,727) and were included in our meta-analysis. The association between MetS at baseline and incidence of overt hypothyroidism at follow-up yielded an OR of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-1.16 for two studies, I2 = 0%). Pooled analysis was not possible for subclinical hypothyroidism, due to large heterogeneity (I2 = 92.3%), nor for hyperthyroidism, as only one study assessed this association. We found evidence of an increased risk of overt (RR: 3.10 (1.56-4.64, I2 = 0%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (RR 1.50 (1.05-1.94), I2 = 0%) in individuals with obesity at baseline. There was a lower odds of developing overt hyperthyroidism in individuals with prediabetes at baseline (OR: 0.68 (0.47-0.98), I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS We were unable to draw firm conclusions regarding the association between MetS and the incidence of thyroid disorders due to the limited number of available studies and the presence of important heterogeneity in reporting results. However, we did find an association between obesity at baseline and incidence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Alwan
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Valerie Aponte Ribero
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orestis Efthimiou
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leonidas Duntas
- Thyroid Section, Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evgenideion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, PC 11528, Athens, Greece
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Jiang H, Chen L, Huang N, Shi H, Chi H, Yang R, Long X, Qiao J. Maternal preconception thyroid autoimmunity is associated with neonatal birth weight conceived by PCOS women undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:140. [PMID: 37452360 PMCID: PMC10347740 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid autoimmunity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are the most common endocrinopathies and have close relationships based on common etiology and pathogenesis, including genetic susceptibility, metabolic disorders, hormonal dysregulation, immune response, and inflammatory activation. The co-occurrence of both diseases is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, but its effect on neonatal outcomes remains largely unknown. We aim to explore the effect of thyroid autoimmunity on neonatal birth weight in PCOS women undergoing IVF/ICSI. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 486 PCOS women who underwent the first IVF/ICSI cycles and gave birth to 361 singletons and 125 twins during 2018 - 2020 at a reproductive center. The associations between maternal preconception serum thyroid function and autoimmunity indicators and birth weights of the singleton and twin groups were evaluated using generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized estimate equations (GEEs), respectively. Analyses were further stratified by neonatal sex, maternal age, and maternal preconception BMI to assess the possible interaction effects. RESULTS Maternal preconception serum TPOAb had a significant negative association with singleton birth weight (P for trends = 0.03). Compared with women in the first tertile of TPOAb, women in the third tertile had a change in singleton birth weight of - 119.72 g (95% CI: - 222.68 g, - 16.70 g). Maternal preconception serum TPOAb had a significant positive association with twin birth weight (P for trends = 0.01). Compared with women in the first tertile of TPOAb, women in the third tertile had a change in twin birth weight of 138.62 g (95% CI: 33.96 g, 243.30 g). Besides, maternal preconception serum TPOAb had a specific association with increased twin birth weight for female neonates, a specific association with decreased singleton birth weight for PCOS women under 35 years, and a specific association with decreased twin birth weight for overweight PCOS women (all P for interactions < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal preconception thyroid autoimmunity may affect the birth weights of both singleton and twin neonates. Further large cohorts and experimental studies are required to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huifeng Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Centre for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Chi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Gontarz-Nowak K, Szklarz M, Szychlińska M, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E. A Brief Look at Hashimoto's Disease, Adrenal Incidentalomas, Obesity and Insulin Resistance-Could Endocrine Disruptors Be the Other Side of the Same Coin? Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1234. [PMID: 37512046 PMCID: PMC10385892 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hashimoto's disease (HD) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. The exact pathomechanism behind it has not been clearly established; however, an interplay of genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers (including diet) and epigenetic factors seems to be involved. Among the latter, increasingly more attention has been paid to some hormonally active substances, known as endocrine disruptors, which are commonly used worldwide. HD has become a condition widely reported in the media, acting as a culprit for inexplicable weight gain, chronic fatigue or weakness. Nevertheless, the recognition of HD is undeniably increasing and represents a major public health burden. At the same time, improving access to imaging tests has increased the number of incidentally diagnosed adrenal tumors. Above all, the widespread use of chest computed tomography (CT) due to the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to frequent incidental detection of adrenal lesions. Fortunately, a vast majority of these findings are asymptomatic benign tumors with no excessive hormonal activity, and therefore, they are defined as adrenal incidentalomas (AIs). Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that patients with AIs are more prone to obesity and insulin resistance. Although mutual relationships between the thyroid and the adrenal glands have been studied widely, still, little is known about the possible pathophysiological associations between thyroid autoimmunity and the occurrence of adrenal incidentalomas. This article presents a brief review of the common endocrine disorders with a special focus on the frequently coexisting insulin resistance and/or obesity. Furthermore, in response to the recent growing interest in endocrine disruptors, with their transgenerational epigenetic effects that influence hormonal system function, a concise overview of the topic has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gontarz-Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Szklarz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szychlińska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Matuszewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Velluzzi F, Pisanu S, Galletta M, Fosci M, Secci G, Deledda A, Boi F, Rodia R, Fanciulli G, Delitala AP, Sainas G, Loviselli A. Association between High Normal TSH Levels and Obesity in Women with Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies (ATAs). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175125. [PMID: 36079055 PMCID: PMC9457091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A positive correlation between Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Body Mass Index (BMI) has been reported in many studies, but data on this topic remain controversial, especially when TSH values are in the normal range. Moreover, few studies have evaluated the co-existence of thyroid autoimmunity. This study investigated the role of thyroid autoimmunity in the interconnection between TSH, BMI, and waist circumference (WC) in euthyroid patients with overweight or obesity. We enrolled 902 patients (213 males; mean age ± SD: 45 ± 14 years; mean BMI ± SD: 35.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2), with normal serum TSH concentration; anti-thyroid autoantibodies (ATAs) were evaluated in 752 patients (186 males). Patients were divided into four BMI classes, based on WHO criteria, and the relationship between BMI, WC, and TSH was evaluated in the whole sample and compared to ATAs positivity, observed in 235 patients (44 males). No significant difference was found between TSH levels in the BMI classes. A statistically significant correlation between TSH and BMI was found only in ATAs-positive females (N = 191, Spearman rho: 0.149; p-value: 0.040). However, this finding was not confirmed when considering the WC. Our study shows a positive correlation only between TSH and BMI in obese women with positive ATAs, suggesting that in these patients, the high normal levels of TSH could be attributed to a mild thyroid failure with a possible worsening obesity-related effect, and both need a careful evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Velluzzi
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Pisanu
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Hygiene Section, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Fosci
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianni Secci
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Boi
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rossella Rodia
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fanciulli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari-Endocrine Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmerio Delitala
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari-Endocrine Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Sainas
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Shah AK, Yadav BK, Shah AK, Suri A, Deo SK. Cardiovascular Risk Predictors High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Women with Lean Phenotype of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Prospective Case-Control Study. J Lab Physicians 2022; 15:31-37. [PMID: 37064963 PMCID: PMC10104710 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Accumulating evidence suggests increased cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) due to a cluster of factors, such as obesity, lipid abnormalities, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and hypertension. Markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) can provide an adjunctive method for the assessment of cardiovascular risk and can indicate future coronary heart diseases in women with lean PCOS.
Materials and Methods In this prospective case-control study, women clinically diagnosed with PCOS (n = 25) with normal body mass index (BMI) and age and BMI-matched healthy controls (n = 75) were enrolled. The quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Unpaired Student's t-test was used to compare the values (PCOS vs. controls) and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to elucidate the relationship between the variables.
Results The mean level of fasting blood sugar, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), hs-CRP, and PAI-1 were significantly increased in PCOS patients (p < 0.000) compared with the control patients. Of the reported cases, 54.16% had hs-CRP levels greater than 3 mg/L. When the cases were further divided into normal (n = 20) and IGT (n = 5), hs-CRP values were significantly higher in IGT group as compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group. On bivariate correlation analysis, hs-CRP had significant correlations with PAI-1 (r = 0.41, p < 0.000), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; r = 0.23, p = 0.02), fasting blood sugar (FBS; r = 0.26, p = 0.009), LDL (r = 0.20, p = 0.03), TSH (r = 0.42, p < 0.000), and LH-to-FSH ratio (r = 0.24, p = 0.01).
Conclusion Women with lean phenotype of PCOS suffer from many metabolic abnormalities such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperandrogenemia, and insulin resistance. The findings of the study suggest that environment of ongoing low-grade inflammation due to infiltration further exacerbates the metabolic derangements and cardiovascular risk. The investigations as hs-CRP and PAI-1 will help in early identification, diagnosis, and management of cardiovascular diseases associated with lean type of PCOS. These markers can prove to be beneficial in monitoring any unfavorable changes in cardiometabolic profile of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, Shahbad, Haryana, India
| | - Birendra K. Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Banas Medical College and Research Institute, Palanpur, Gujrat, India
| | | | - Arpita Suri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh K. Deo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, Shahbad, Haryana, India
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Adamska A, Raczkowski A, Stachurska Z, Kondraciuk M, Krętowski AJ, Adamski M, Kowalska I, Kamiński KA. Body Composition and Serum Concentration of Thyroid Hormones in Euthyroid Men and Women from General Population. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082118. [PMID: 35456211 PMCID: PMC9031693 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Body composition, especially an increased amount of fat mass and decreased lean body mass, is connected with metabolic complications. Thyroid hormones can influence body composition pattern. To date, scarce data defining the relationships between thyroid hormones and parameters of body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), especially in cohort studies, are available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships among serum concentrations of (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, and distribution of fat tissue assessed using the DXA method in a euthyroid cohort from the Białystok PLUS study. We examined 582 euthyroid subjects who were divided into lean (body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) (84 lean men, 182 overweight/obese men, 160 lean women, and 156 overweight/obese women). Serum concentrations of TSH, free T3 (fT3), and free T4 (fT4) were assessed, and DXA was performed. We observed lower serum levels of fT4 (p = 0.03) and higher serum levels of fT3 (p = 0.04) in overweight/obese vs. lean men, whereas serum levels of TSH did not differ between these groups (p = 0.38). In lean men, we only observed a relationship between serum levels of TSH and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r = −0.24, p = 0.02). In overweight/obese men, we found that serum levels of fT3 were positively connected with total fat mass (r = 0.16, p = 0.02), android fat mass (r = 0.15, p = 0.03), and gynoid fat mass (r = 0.17, p = 0.01), but not with VAT (r = 0.03, p = 0.63). We did not observe differences in serum levels of TSH, fT3, and fT4 between lean and overweight/obese women. Additionally, we did not notice relationships between serum levels of thyroid hormones and fat in different regions estimated by DXA in lean and overweight/obese women (all p > 0.05). We concluded that the serum concentration of TSH is connected with VAT in lean men, whereas, in overweight/obese men, higher fT3 is connected with an increased fat amount. These associations are absent in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85746-8242
| | - Andrzej Raczkowski
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.S.); (M.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Zofia Stachurska
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.S.); (M.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Marcin Kondraciuk
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.S.); (M.K.); (K.A.K.)
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Adamski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Karol Adam Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.R.); (Z.S.); (M.K.); (K.A.K.)
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Lautenbach A, Wernecke M, Mann O, Busch P, Huber TB, Stoll F, Aberle J. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in euthyroid patients 8 years following bariatric surgery. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022. [PMID: 34992244 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery (BS) was shown to promote a decline in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in euthyroid patients with severe obesity in the short-term. Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of weight loss on thyroid function in euthyroid patients in the long-term following different bariatric procedures. Methods In a retrospective cohort study including 135 patients at baseline, thyroid function was assessed at six time points up to 8 years after surgery. Patients were stratified by TSH levels at baseline and divided into two groups to compare the change in TSH at long-time. We used log-linear regression to assess the relation between thyroid hormones and TSH and linear regression analyses to identify variables that were thought to determine TSH and fT3/fT4-ratio as well as their change long-term. Results Over a mean follow-up of 8 years, TSH and fT3/fT4-ratio declined (both p < 0.001). Patients with high-normal TSH showed a greater decline in TSH than those with normal TSH compared to baseline. Thyroid hormones and TSH displayed a negative log-linear correlation at long-term follow-up. Change in TSH at long-time showed a negative correlation with TSH at baseline (B = −0.55; p < 0.001). With regard to type of surgery, there were no significant differences in TSH. Conclusion BS promotes a decline of TSH in euthyroid patients up to 8 years after intervention despite weight regain. The greatest change in TSH was seen among patients with high-normal baseline-TSH. Results of log-linear regression suggest recovery of the pituitary-thyroid axis. Type of surgery did not affect the change in TSH levels over time.
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12
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Lu D, Yuan Z, Gao Y, Liu W, Zhang J. Central Obesity Is Associated with Variations in TSH and ACTH Levels among Euthyroid Obese Individuals. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:3830380. [PMID: 35311031 PMCID: PMC8930244 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3830380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interactions of central obesity and body composition with thyroid hormones and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are unclear; both central obesity and body composition have an impact on energy homeostasis. Our study aimed to investigate the association between body composition and pituitary hormones, including the HPA axis and pituitary-thyroid axis, in a Chinese population of euthyroid overweight and obese individuals. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Overweight and obese patients who regularly visited the multidisciplinary team (MDT) for obesity at Peking University First Hospital were enrolled in the study. Thyroid function, morning serum ACTH and cortisol levels, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), body composition, and metabolic indicators, including liver function and the lipid profile, were measured at the first visit. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, USA). RESULTS In total, 441 patients with overweight or obesity were enrolled (male/female, 123/318). Patients were assigned to four groups according to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level stratified by quartiles, and increased body mass index (BMI) was revealed in the highest TSH quartile group (p=0.002). Hip circumference (HC) of patients in the highest TSH quartile group was significantly increased (p=0.021). Morning ACTH levels and fasting insulin levels were significantly elevated in patients in the highest TSH quartile group (p=0.027 for fasting insulin, p < 0.001 for ACTH). In the female subgroup, patients in the highest TSH quartile group showed increases in BMI (p=0.010), waist circumference (WC) (p=0.007), muscle mass of the lower extremities (p=0.020), fasting C-peptide (p=0.031), and ACTH (p=0.002). In the male subgroup, patients in the highest TSH quartile group exhibited higher BMI (p=0.017), HC (p=0.036), and ACTH (p=0.003). Among patients in the highest ACTH quartile group, there was an elevated proportion of males (p=0.003), and FT3 (p=0.005), fasting insulin (p=0.037), and cortisol (p < 0.001) levels were increased. Weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.001), HC (p < 0.001), muscle mass of the upper extremities (p=0.003), muscle mass of the lower extremities (p=0.005), and total muscle mass (p=0.003) were elevated in patients in the highest ACTH quartile group. HC was found to be an independent factor after adjustment for other confounders and was positively associated with the TSH level (p=0.004 for the regression model, B = 0.152, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS BMI is positively correlated with TSH and ACTH levels in both male and female obese individuals. The ACTH level was positively associated with male sex and increased BMI and muscle mass. Hip circumference was an independent factor that was positively related to TSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Lu
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfang Yuan
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Peking University First Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing, China
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Mele C, Mai S, Cena T, Pagano L, Scacchi M, Biondi B, Aimaretti G, Marzullo P. The pattern of TSH and fT4 levels across different BMI ranges in a large cohort of euthyroid patients with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029376. [PMID: 36313780 PMCID: PMC9606412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A multifold association relates the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis to body weight. The potential underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Further, the mild severity of obesity and the small proportion of individuals with obesity in so far published cohort studies provide little insights on metabolic correlates of thyroid function in obesity. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 5009 adults with obesity (F/M, 3448/1561; age range, 18-87 years; BMI range, 30.0-82.7 kg/m2), without known thyroid disease in a study on TSH and fT4 levels, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, anthropometric parameters including BIA-derived fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). RESULTS The overall reference interval for TSH in our obese cohort was 0.58-5.07 mIU/L. As subgroups, females and non-smokers showed higher TSH levels as compared to their counterparts (p<0.0001 for both), while fT4 values were comparable between groups. There was a significant upward trend for TSH levels across incremental BMI classes in females, while the opposite trend was seen for fT4 levels in males (p<0.0001 for both). Expectedly, TSH was associated with %FM and FFM (p<0,0001 for both). TSH and fT4 showed correlations with several metabolic variables, and both declined with aging (TSH, p<0.0001; fT4, p<0.01). In a subgroup undergoing leptin measurement, leptin levels were positively associated with TSH levels (p<0.01). At the multivariable regression analysis, in the group as a whole, smoking habit emerged as the main independent predictor of TSH (β=-0.24, p<0.0001) and fT4 (β=-0.25, p<0.0001) levels. In non-smokers, %FM (β=0.08, p<0.0001) and age (β=-0.05, p<0.001) were the main significant predictors of TSH levels. In the subset of nonsmokers having leptin measured, leptin emerged as the strongest predictor of TSH levels (β=0.17, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of a gender- and smoking-dependent regulation of TSH levels in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Chiara Mele,
| | - Stefania Mai
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cena
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Loredana Pagano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of General Medicine, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernadette Biondi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
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Sun X, Chen L, Wu R, Zhang D, He Y. Association of thyroid hormone with body fat content and lipid metabolism in euthyroid male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:241. [PMID: 34872554 PMCID: PMC8650347 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the associations of thyroid hormones with body fat content and lipid metabolism in euthyroid male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In January 2017, a cross sectional study, 66 male patients with T2DM who met the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria of 1999 who were ≥ 18.0 years and had normal thyroid function were recruited at a tertiary hospital. The categories of thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine [FT3], free thyroxine [FT4], and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) were divided into three groups according to tertiles of thyroid hormones. RESULTS The mean FT3, FT4, and TSH of the patients were 2.56 pg/mL, 1.03 ng/dL, and 1.50 μIU/mL, respectively. Increased FT3 were associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001), body fat percentage (BFP) (P = 0.008), visceral fat content (VFC) (P = 0.019), adiponectin (P = 0.037), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P = 0.015). There were significant differences among the different FT4 categories for BMI (P = 0.033), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (P = 0.030), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.014), and IL-6 (P = 0.009). Increased TSH could increase the total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.005) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.010). FT3 was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.45; P < 0.001), WHR (r = 0.27; P = 0.028), BFP (r = 0.33; P = 0.007), VFC (r = 0.30; P = 0.014), adiponectin (r = 0.25; P = 0.045), TNF-α (r = 0.47; P < 0.001), and IL-6 (r = 0.32; P = 0.008). FT4 was positively correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.26; P = 0.038), LDL-C (r = 0.26; P = 0.036), and adiponectin (r = 0.28; P = 0.023). TSH was positively correlated with TC (r = 0.36; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION This study found that the changes in thyroid hormones are associated with various body fat content and lipid metabolism in euthyroid male patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 800 Zhongshan Street, Liandu District, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongzhen Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinhui He
- Department of Endocrinology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Babić Leko M, Gunjača I, Pleić N, Zemunik T. Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6521. [PMID: 34204586 PMCID: PMC8234807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of physiological systems. Therefore, knowledge of any factor (whether genetic, environmental or intrinsic) that alters the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones is crucial. Genetic factors contribute up to 65% of interindividual variations in TSH and thyroid hormone levels, but many environmental factors can also affect thyroid function. This review discusses studies that have analyzed the impact of environmental factors on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in healthy adults. We included lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and exercise) and pollutants (chemicals and heavy metals). Many inconsistencies in the results have been observed between studies, making it difficult to draw a general conclusion about how a particular environmental factor influences TSH and thyroid hormone levels. However, lifestyle factors that showed the clearest association with TSH and thyroid hormones were smoking, body mass index (BMI) and iodine (micronutrient taken from the diet). Smoking mainly led to a decrease in TSH levels and an increase in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, while BMI levels were positively correlated with TSH and free T3 levels. Excess iodine led to an increase in TSH levels and a decrease in thyroid hormone levels. Among the pollutants analyzed, most studies observed a decrease in thyroid hormone levels after exposure to perchlorate. Future studies should continue to analyze the impact of environmental factors on thyroid function as they could contribute to understanding the complex background of gene-environment interactions underlying the pathology of thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.B.L.); (I.G.); (N.P.)
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Choi SY, Yi DY, Kim SC, Kang B, Choe BH, Lee Y, Lee YM, Lee EH, Jang HJ, Choi YJ, Kim HJ. Severe Phenotype of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatric Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: a Retrospective Multicenter Study from Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e137. [PMID: 34032030 PMCID: PMC8144595 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to investigated the prevalence and related factors of SH in pediatric patients with NAFLD. We also evaluate the association between liver fibrosis and SH. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records for patients aged 4 to 18 years who were diagnosed with NAFLD and tested for thyroid function from January 2015 to December 2019 at 10 hospitals in Korea. RESULTS The study included 428 patients with NAFLD. The prevalence of SH in pediatric NAFLD patients was 13.6%. In multivariate logistic regression, higher levels of steatosis on ultrasound and higher aspartate aminotransferase to platelet count ratio index (APRI) score were associated with increased risk of SH. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, the optimal cutoff value of the APRI score for predicting SH was 0.6012 (area under the curve, 0.67; P < 0.001; sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 61.9%, positive predictive value 23%, and negative predictive value 93.5%). CONCLUSION SH was often observed in patients with NAFLD, more frequently in patients with more severe liver damage. Thyroid function tests should be performed on pediatric NAFLD patients, especially those with higher grades of liver steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae Yong Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Chul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Min Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - You Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
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Mahdavi M, Amouzegar A, Mehran L, Madreseh E, Tohidi M, Azizi F. Investigating the prevalence of primary thyroid dysfunction in obese and overweight individuals: Tehran thyroid study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:89. [PMID: 33931052 PMCID: PMC8086289 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, it is essential to determine the prevalence of obesity-related thyroid dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions, namely hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and their association with BMI among adult Iranian overweight and obese individuals. METHOD This cross-sectional study was carried out within the framework of the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS); 5353 participants (57.5% female) entered our study. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were assayed. We categorized individuals into 3 BMI groups (normal-weight, overweight and obese), then calculated prevalence rate, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) for outcomes in overweight and obese groups. The normal-weight group was used as the control group. RESULTS We found a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism (11.6% vs 8.2% Total, 4.0% vs 1.1% overt and 7.6% vs 7.1% subclinical, P < 0.001) and TPOAb positivity (17.3% vs 11.6%, P < 0.001) in obese participants compared with normal-weight participants. Hyperthyroidism's overall prevalence was 4.2, 5.7, and 4.9% in obese, overweight, and normal-weight groups, respectively. Obesity was associated with higher odds of overt hypothyroidism (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.15-3.49, P < 0.05) and TPOAb positivity (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.60, P < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding variables. In contrast, no association was observed between the overweight group and the odds of hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity in the adjusted results. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was associated with an increased risk of overt hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mahdavi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology (IMSAT), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Amouzegar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mehran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Madreseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can influence thyroid function through multiple routes, even in people who are euthyroid. The correlation between weight and thyroid function is a matter of debate. The present study investigated the relationship between body weight and thyroid function in euthyroid Chinese adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1564 participants with serum thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels within the reference range were included. All of them were tested for thyroid function parameters and categorized, based on body mass index (BMI), into 3 groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese. The effects of BMI on thyroid function were examined using linear (continuous values) and logistic (dichotomous levels according to medians or means) regression and controlling for age and sex. RESULTS There were significant differences in free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels and FT3/free thyroxine (FT4) ratios among participants who were normal weight, overweight, and obese (both P<0.001). Multivariable regression analysis (P<0.001) showed that BMI was positively associated with FT3 levels and FT3/FT4 ratios. Compared with the normal weight group, the patients who were overweight or obese had significantly higher FT3 levels and FT3/FT4 ratios that were higher than average, according to logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS We found that Chinese adults who are obese may have higher FT3 levels and FT3/FT4 ratios than those who are of normal weight, even if their thyroid function values are within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Abstract
The recruitment and activation of energy-consuming brown adipocytes is currently considered as potential therapeutic approach to combat obesity. Thyroid hormones (TH) significantly contribute to full thermogenic capacity of brown adipocytes. A number of recent studies suggest that TH also induce the recruitment of brown adipocytes in white adipose depots, a process known as browning. In this review, we will summarize underlying mechanisms by which TH mediate brown adipose tissue activity and white adipose tissue browning. Furthermore, we will discuss the relevance of TH-induced white adipose tissue browning for thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Volke
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Kerstin Krause, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, DE–04103 Leipzig (Germany),
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Hennig EE. Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding? Front Immunol 2021; 12:606620. [PMID: 33746952 PMCID: PMC7968419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are endocrine disorders that commonly occur among young women. A higher prevalence of HT in women with PCOS, relative to healthy individuals, is observed consistently. Combined occurrence of both diseases is associated with a higher risk of severe metabolic and reproductive complications. Genetic factors strongly impact the pathogenesis of both PCOS and HT and several susceptibility loci associated with a higher risk of both disorders have been identified. Furthermore, some candidate gene polymorphisms are thought to be functionally relevant; however, few genetic variants are proposed to be causally associated with the incidence of both disorders together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa E Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Jia X, Du L, Ma H, Zhou D, Qu S, Zheng L. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, which one induced thyroid dysfunction in patients with morbid obesity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1175-81. [PMID: 33757703 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunction in patients with morbid obesity usually resolves after bariatric surgery. However, the role of diverse types of adipose tissue in the process remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We aim to investigate the effects of visceral and subcutaneous fat on thyroid function in a Chinese population with morbid obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). SETTING University hospital, Shanghai, China METHODS: Repeated measurement data of thyroid hormone and body fat were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after sleeve gastrectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer and quantitative computerized tomography (CT) were used to compute visceral fat and subcutaneous fat. Repeated measures correlation (rmmcorr) package was employed for correlation analysis with generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) determining the independent factors. RESULTS Thyroid stimulating-hormone (TSH) showed notable decrease at 36 months after surgery, coupled with reduction of BMI (38.08 kg/cm2 versus 24.28 kg/cm2), C-reactive protein (CRP), visceral adipose tissue (786.74 cm2 versus 367.44 cm2), body fat rate, and waistline (118.13 cm versus 100.87 cm). Only visceral fat, diabetes, and CRP proved to be independent variables for TSH decline, without correlation with subcutaneous fat. CONCLUSION The present study is first to report the effects of different types of body fat on thyroid function in a Chinese population with morbid obesity, revealing that loss of visceral fat is the key to improving endocrine and metabolic activity after bariatric surgery.
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Răcătăianu N, Leach NV, Bolboacă SD, Soran ML, Opriş O, Dronca E, Valea A, Ghervan C. Interplay between metabolic and thyroid parameters in obese pubertal children. Does visceral adipose tissue make the first move? Acta Clin Belg 2021; 76:40-48. [PMID: 31448702 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2019.1660021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The mechanisms of obesity-associated thyroid dysfunction in children are incompletely deciphered. We aimed to evaluate whether visceral adipose tissue (VAT), insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, oxidative stress (OS) are involved in thyroid morpho-functional changes in pubertal obese children. Methods: We recruited 43 obese pubertal children without history of thyroid pathology. Metabolic and thyroid parameters (visceral fat thickness [VFT], waist/hip ratio [WHR], waist/height ratio [WHtR], insulin, glucose, liver parameters, thyroid stimulation hormone [TSH], free thyroxine [FT4], free triiodothyronine [FT3], thyroid and abdominal ultrasonography) were evaluated. Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified as markers of inflammation and OS. Results: VFT correlated positively both with WHR (p= 0.034) and the presence of thyroid nodules (p= 0.036). WHR associated with TSH (p= 0.005), FT3/FT4 (p= 0.033) and was independently associated with FT3/FT4 increase (p< 0.001). HOMA-IR increased with visceral obesity (waist circumference, p= 0.001; WHR, p= 0.018; WHtR: p< 0.001), hepatic impairment (alanine aminotransferase, p= 0.019) and hepatic steatosis (HS; p= 0.013) and correlated positively with FT3/FT4 (p= 0.036). TSH was significantly higher in subjects with HS versus those without HS (p= 0.007) and logistic regression analysis identified TSH as a risk factor for HS (p= 0.014). MDA correlated positively with MCP-1 (p= 0.021). Conclusion: VAT and IR may be responsible for changes in thyroid parameters associated with obesity: elevated TSH, FT3/FT4 levels and increased prevalence of thyroid nodules. WHR was predictive of increased FT3/FT4. In obese children, there is an interdependent relationship between HS and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Răcătăianu
- Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta V. Leach
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Loredana Soran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ocsana Opriş
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eleonora Dronca
- Molecular Sciences Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Valea
- Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ghervan
- Department of Endocrinology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Singh J, Wong H, Ahluwalia N, Go RM, Guerrero-Go MA. Metabolic, Hormonal, Immunologic, and Genetic Factors Associated With the Incidence of Thyroid Disorders in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients. Cureus 2020; 12:e11681. [PMID: 33391917 PMCID: PMC7769736 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many endocrinopathies have been increasingly affecting females of reproductive age. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are some of the most common endocrinopathies seen in females. The aim of this study is to find a relationship between the incidence of thyroiditis in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Literature review search was conducted via a series of systematic searches using multiple databases which lead to cross-referencing of articles within assigned criteria. Our study resulted in a review of 42 articles pertaining to our study. In this literature review article, factors were identified associating PCOS with thyroiditis. A viable relationship was found between the incidence of PCOS and thyroiditis. The combination of factors seen in this study proposes that clinicians may need to focus on certain markers regarding the screening of the incidence of thyroiditis. We also recommend future cohort studies to be conducted to further confirm the associations identified in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singh
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine and Research, Avalon University School of Medicine, Curcaco, CUW
| | - Hilda Wong
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Primary Care, Avalon University School of Medicine, Curcaco, CUW
| | - Nancy Ahluwalia
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Primary Care, Medical Univeristy of Silesia, Katowice, POL
| | - Ryan M Go
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, PHL
| | - Michelle A Guerrero-Go
- Primary Care, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, PHL
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AKYÜZLÜ ZN, MUTLU HH. Tiroit hastalığı olanlarda trigliserit/glikoz indeksi insülin direnci belirteci olarak kullanılabilir mi? Ege Tıp Dergisi 2020. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.790451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Wen Q, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li J, Zhao H, Liao J, Liu H, Li Y, Cai Z, Xia W. Association between urinary paraben concentrations and gestational weight gain during pregnancy. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2020; 30:845-855. [PMID: 32042059 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, a group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, have been associated with obesity in previous studies. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding the effects of paraben exposures on gestational weight gain (GWG), a considerable predictor of obesity risk in both mothers and offspring later in life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between urinary paraben concentrations and GWG during the three trimesters of pregnancy. We collected urine samples from 613 pregnant women during the first, second, and third trimesters of their pregnancies between 2014 and 2015 in Wuhan, China. The urine concentrations of five parabens, including methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben, and benzylparaben, were measured. Gestational weight in each trimester and prepregnancy weight were used to calculate trimester GWG. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the trimester-specific and overall associations between paraben exposures and GWG rate (trimester GWG divided by the gestational week of the weight measurement, kg/week). We performed stratified analysis to further explore the potential effect modification by prepregnancy BMI. In the trimester-specific association analyses, the first-trimester concentrations MeP, EtP, PrP, and ∑parabens (sum of all five parabens's molar concentrations) were associated with an increased first-trimester GWG rate, and these associations were stronger than those of the second or third trimesters. The overall association analysis showed that increased trimester GWG rates were associated with the combined effects of exposure to MeP, PrP, or ∑parabens during all three trimesters. Stratified analysis showed that higher paraben exposures were associated with higher trimester GWG rates among overweight/obese women that among normal-weight or underweight women. Our results showed that paraben exposures were positively associated with trimester GWG rate during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Replicated research in populations exposed to higher paraben levels is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Rossato M. Comment on: Outcome of bariatric surgery on hypothyroidism: experience from a tertiary care center in India. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1302-1303. [PMID: 32611493 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossato
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Teixeira PDFDS, dos Santos PB, Pazos-Moura CC. The role of thyroid hormone in metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820917869. [PMID: 32489580 PMCID: PMC7238803 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820917869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid dysfunction are common in clinical practice. The objectives of this review are to discuss some proposed mechanisms by which thyroid dysfunctions may lead to MetS, to describe the bidirectional relationship between thyroid hormones (THs) and adiposity and finally, to resume a list of recent studies in humans that evaluated possible associations between thyroid hormone status and MetS or its clinical components. Not solely THs, but also its metabolites regulate metabolic rate, influencing adiposity. The mechanisms enrolled are related to its direct effect on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization, uncoupling synthesis of ATP, mitochondrial biogenesis, and its inotropic and chronotropic effects. THs also act controlling core body temperature, appetite, and sympathetic activity. In a bidirectional way, thyroid function is affected by adiposity. Leptin is one of the hallmarks, but the pro-inflammatory cytokines and also insulin resistance impact thyroid function and perhaps its structure. MetS development and weight gain have been positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in several studies. Adverse glucose metabolism may be related to hyperthyroidism, but also to reduction of thyroid function or higher serum TSH, as do abnormal serum triglyceride levels. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism have been related to higher blood pressure (BP), that may be consequence of genomic or nongenomic action of THs on the vasculature and in the heart. In summary, the interaction between THs and components of MetS is complex and not fully understood. More longitudinal studies controlling each of all confounding variables that interact with endpoints or exposure factors are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos Teixeira
- Endocrine Clinic, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Rocco, 255 – Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges dos Santos
- Research Fellow, Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrinologist, Instituto Estadual de Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Diniz MDFHS, Beleigoli AMR, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Goulart AC, Barreto SM. Association between TSH levels within the reference range and adiposity markers at the baseline of the ELSA-Brasil study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228801. [PMID: 32032374 PMCID: PMC7006933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of thyrotropin (TSH) with overall (body mass index, BMI), visceral (waist circumference and steatosis), and upper subcutaneous (neck circumference, NC) adiposity markers is still controversial, and the aim of this study is to assess these associations in the baseline data of a large cohort from ELSA-Brasil. Methods and findings This cross-sectional study included 11,224 participants with normal thyroid function (normal TSH levels). BMI, waist circumference, NC and steatosis, defined by hepatic attenuation (mild or moderate/severe) were the explicative variables. TSH levels were log transformed (logTSH), and multivariate linear regression models were generated to estimate the associations between logTSH and BMI (continuous and categorized), waist circumference, NC, and steatosis after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and comorbidities. The mean age was 51.5±8.9 years, 5,793 (51.6%) participants were women, 21.8% (n = 2,444) were obese, and 15.1% of the sample was TPOAb positive. The TSH levels were significantly higher in the obese group than in the reference group (<25.0 kg/m2). In the multivariable linear regression models, significant associations of logTSH with BMI and obesity were found. LogTSH was associated with waist circumference only among women. NC and steatosis were not related to TSH levels. Conclusions TSH levels were associated with overall adiposity and obesity. Further studies may elucidate reference levels of TSH according to BMI status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabela M. Benseñor
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo (HU-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Lotufo
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo (HU-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Barrea L, Gallo M, Ruggeri RM, Giacinto PD, Sesti F, Prinzi N, Adinolfi V, Barucca V, Renzelli V, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Baldelli R. Nutritional status and follicular-derived thyroid cancer: An update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:25-59. [PMID: 31997660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has been increasing in the last decades all over the world. Such a steady growth cannot be entirely attributable to more intensive thyroid nodule screening and more sensitive diagnostic procedures. Several environmental factors have changed with sufficient rapidity in the same time frame and may represent credible candidates for this increase. They include modified iodine intake, lifestyle-associated risk factors, exposure to various toxic compounds, pollutants and xenobiotics, nutritional deficiencies, eating habits and comorbidities. Foremost, nutritional patterns have gained high interest as possible promoters and modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer in recent years. The aim of this narrative review is to focus on the relationship between thyroid cancer and nutritional factors, dietary habits and obesity. Low iodine intake has been associated to increased risk of thyroid cancer, favoring the development of more aggressive histotypes. Moreover, correction of iodine deficiency can shift thyroid cancer subtypes toward less aggressive forms, without affecting the overall risk for cancer. Actually, evidence regarding the association between selenium and vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer is very limited, despite their well-known anti-cancer potentials, and the clinical usefulness of their supplementation is still uncertain in this setting. Albeit the relationship between single foods and thyroid cancer is difficult to examine, fish and iodine-rich foods, vegetables, and fruits might exert protective effects on thyroid cancer risk. Conversely, no clear association has been found for other foods to date. Lastly, a clear association between obesity and the risk of thyroid cancer, with more aggressive behavior, seems to emerge from most studies, likely involving variations in thyroid function and chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines, insulin, leptin and adiponectins. Although no definite association between dietary factors and thyroid cancer has been firmly established so far, some nutritional patterns, together with excessive weight, seem to play a relevant role in thyroid cancer carcinogenesis as well as in its severity and aggressiveness. These effects may play an additive role to the well-established one exerted by environmental carcinogens, such as pollutants and radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Gallo
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Di Giacinto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano, ENETS Center of Excellence, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Adinolfi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, ASL Verbano Cusio Ossola, Domodossola, Italy
| | - Viola Barucca
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Renzelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Baldelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Oncology and Medical Specialities, A.O. San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent developments in the association of thyroid function with metabolic syndrome (MetS). RECENT FINDINGS Although thyroid hormones even within low normal range are associated with various metabolic abnormalities, the risk of MetS remains a controversial issue. Hyperthyroid state might be associated only with insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Autoimmune thyroid diseases may be a potential risk factor for metabolic abnormalities even in those with low normal thyroid function. SUMMARY The interrelation between thyroid stimulating hormone, free T3, freeT4 and metabolic parameters is complex and might be affected by age, sex, BMI, insulin resistance, smoking, iodine intake and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Mehran
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Xu R, Huang F, Zhang S, Lv Y, Liu Q. Thyroid function, body mass index, and metabolic risk markers in euthyroid adults: a cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:58. [PMID: 31174521 PMCID: PMC6555987 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and obesity has been widely discussed. However, it is unclear how thyroid hormone concentrations relate to body weight and its impact on metabolic risk markers. This study aimed to assess how thyroid function is linked to underweight, overweight, or obesity, and metabolic risk markers in adults. METHODS A total of 16,975 subjects, aged 18-80 years, who attended the Health Management Center of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Serum free triiodothyronine (fT3) and fT3/free thyroxine (fT4) ratio (fT3/fT4) were positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001), while there was a negative relationship between fT4 and BMI (P < 0.001) according to multivariable regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. Associations between thyroid hormone concentrations and markers of blood pressure, and lipid and glucose metabolism were identified after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, with TSH being negatively associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG). fT3 was positively associated with systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, while fT4 was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure, FBG, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and negatively associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and triglyceride. Finally, fT3/fT4 was positively associated with HbA1c and triglyceride, and negatively associated with HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Overweight or obese participants had a high serum concentration of fT3, high fT3/fT4 ratio, and a low concentration of fT4. Underweight participants had high concentrations of fT4 and low concentrations of fT3. Thus, relationships between thyroid hormones and metabolic risk markers were identified which suggest that thyroid function might be one factor that influences body weight and the co-morbidities of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
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Romitti M, Fabris VC, Ziegelmann PK, Maia AL, Spritzer PM. Association between PCOS and autoimmune thyroid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1158-1167. [PMID: 30352422 PMCID: PMC6215798 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. PCOS has been associated with distinct metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and with autoimmune conditions, predominantly autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). AITD has been reported in 18-40% of PCOS women, depending on PCOS diagnostic criteria and ethnicity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available evidence regarding the likelihood of women with PCOS also having AITD in comparison to a reference group of non-PCOS women. We systematically searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for non-interventional case control, cross-sectional, or cohort studies published until August 2017. The Ottawa-Newcastle Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of studies. Statistical meta-analysis was performed with R. Thirteen studies were selected for the present analysis, including 1,210 women diagnosed with PCOS and 987 healthy controls. AITD was observed in 26.03% and 9.72% of PCOS and control groups respectively. A significant association was detected between PCOS and chance of AITD (OR= 3.27, 95%CI 2.32-4.63). Notably, after geographical stratification, the higher risk of AITD in PCOS women persisted for Asians (OR= 4.56, 95%CI 2.47-8.43), Europeans (OR= 3.27, 95%CI 2.07-5.15), and South Americans (OR= 1.86, 95 %CI 1.05-3.29). AIDT is a frequent condition in PCOS patients, and might affect thyroid function. Thus, screening for thyroid function and thyroid-specific autoantibodies should be considered in patients with PCOS even in the absence of overt symptoms. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42017079676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mírian Romitti
- Thyroid UnitEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor C Fabris
- Gynecological Endocrinology UnitEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia K Ziegelmann
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Department of StatisticsInstitute of Mathematics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid UnitEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology UnitEndocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to P M Spritzer:
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Filis P, Hombach-Klonisch S, Ayotte P, Nagrath N, Soffientini U, Klonisch T, O'Shaughnessy P, Fowler PA. Maternal smoking and high BMI disrupt thyroid gland development. BMC Med 2018; 16:194. [PMID: 30348172 PMCID: PMC6198368 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal lifestyle factors, including smoking and increased body weight, increase risks of adult diseases such as metabolic syndrome and infertility. The fetal thyroid gland is essential for the control of fetal metabolic rate, cardiac output, and brain development. Altered fetal thyroid function may contribute to increased disease onset later in life. Here, we investigated the impact of maternal smoking and high maternal weight on human fetal thyroid function during the second trimester. METHODS Thyroid glands and plasma were collected from fetuses electively terminated in the second trimester (normally progressing pregnancies). Plasma total triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxine (T4) were measured by solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Fetal plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using a multiplex assay for human pituitary hormones. Histology and immunolocalization of thyroid developmental markers were examined in thyroid sections. Transcript levels of developmental, functional, apoptotic, and detoxification markers were measured by real-time PCR. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariate linear regression models with fetal age, sex, and maternal smoking or maternal body mass index (BMI) as covariates. RESULTS Maternal smoking was associated with significant changes in fetal plasma T4 and TSH levels during the second trimester. Smoke-exposed thyroids had reduced thyroid GATA6 and NKX2-1 transcript levels and altered developmental trajectories for ESR2 and AHR transcript levels. Maternal BMI > 25 was associated with increased fetal thyroid weight, increased plasma TSH levels, and abnormal thyroid histology in female fetuses. Normal developmental changes in AHR and ESR1 transcript expression were also abolished in fetal thyroids from mothers with BMI > 25. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we show that maternal smoking and high maternal BMI are associated with disturbed fetal thyroid gland development and endocrine function in a sex-specific manner during the second trimester. These findings suggest that predisposition to post-natal disease is mediated, in part, by altered fetal thyroid gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Nalin Nagrath
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ugo Soffientini
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM), College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM), College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Ekinci F, Merder-coşkun D, Tuncel B, Atila D, Yildiz H, Uzuner A. Relationship between obesity and thyroid function in adults. Marmara Medical Journal. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.430795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zaidi M, New MI, Blair HC, Zallone A, Baliram R, Davies TF, Cardozo C, Iqbal J, Sun L, Rosen CJ, Yuen T. Actions of pituitary hormones beyond traditional targets. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:R83-R98. [PMID: 29555849 PMCID: PMC5924585 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have challenged the long-held belief that pituitary hormones have singular functions in regulating specific target tissues, including master hormone secretion. Our discovery of the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on bone provided the first glimpse into the non-traditional functions of pituitary hormones. Here we discuss evolving experimental and clinical evidence that growth hormone (GH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulate bone and other target tissues, such as fat. Notably, genetic and pharmacologic FSH suppression increases bone mass and reduces body fat, laying the framework for targeting the FSH axis for treating obesity and osteoporosis simultaneously with a single agent. Certain 'pituitary' hormones, such as TSH and oxytocin, are also expressed in bone cells, providing local paracrine and autocrine networks for the regulation of bone mass. Overall, the continuing identification of new roles for pituitary hormones in biology provides an entirely new layer of physiologic circuitry, while unmasking new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: Mone Zaidi, MD, PhD, The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1055, New York, NY 10029;
| | - Maria I. New
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Harry C. Blair
- The Pittsburgh VA Medical Center and Departments of Pathology and of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alberta Zallone
- Department of Histology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Ramkumarie Baliram
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Terry F. Davies
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher Cardozo
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Li Sun
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Yin D, Ruan X, Tian X, Du J, Zhao Y, Cui Y, Li Y, Mueck AO. The relationship between thyroid function and metabolic changes in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:332-335. [PMID: 28051891 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1273895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aim was to evaluate endocrine, metabolic and thyroid parameters which could help to explore the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic changes in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. METHODS Within a prospective study in PCOS patients compared with healthy women, thyroid parameters were assessed, as well as changes of endocrine, metabolic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS 144 PCOS patients and 48 normo-ovulatory women matched by age as controls were included. There were significant increases of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) in the PCOS patients. Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip ratio (WHR), luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and total testosterone (T) were significantly higher in PCOS compared with the controls. Total cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels in PCOS were higher, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A (ApoA) were lower compared with the controls. Insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in patients with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the well-known negative metabolic changes in PCOS patients. The small increases of TSH, TT3 and TT4 level may be related with these metabolic changes in PCOS patients. Further studies may improve the understanding of the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yin
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
- b Department of Women's Health , University Women's Hospital of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Xuanxuan Tian
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
| | - Juan Du
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
| | - Yue Zhao
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
| | - Yamei Cui
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
| | - Yanglu Li
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
| | - Alfred O Mueck
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China and
- b Department of Women's Health , University Women's Hospital of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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Witte T, Völzke H, Lerch MM, Hegenscheid K, Friedrich N, Ittermann T, Batsis JA. Association between Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Visceral Adipose Tissue: A Population-Based Study in Northeast Germany. Eur Thyroid J 2017; 6:12-19. [PMID: 28611943 PMCID: PMC5465717 DOI: 10.1159/000450977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is a major driver for adverse medical conditions. While an interaction between adipose tissue and thyroid function is thought to exist, to our knowledge, no study has examined the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a population-based context. OBJECTIVE We determined an association between serum TSH levels and VAT. METHODS A sample of 1,021 female and 956 male adults aged 20-79 years was drawn from registry offices in the cross-sectional, population-based Study of Health in Pomerania Trend (SHIP Trend) in Northeast Germany from 2008 to 2012. Our main exposure was serum TSH levels. Our main outcome was VAT measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The possibly mediating role of leptin on the TSH-VAT association was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1,719 participants (87.9%) had serum TSH levels within the reference range. The mean volume of VAT was 5.33 liters for men and 2.83 liters for women. No association between TSH and VAT (β = 0.06, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.14) was observed, and there were no differences detected between sexes. VAT was strongly associated with leptin with a greater effect in women than in men. Leptin was strongly associated with TSH. CONCLUSIONS No association between TSH and VAT was observed. Other biomarkers such as leptin may play a role in the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Witte
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H., USA
- Institute for Community Medicine, Departments of, Greifswald, Germany
- *Tilman Witte, MPH, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 35 Centerra Parkway, Lebanon, NH 03766 (USA), E-Mail
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Departments of, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Medicine A, University of Greifswald School of Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Diagnostic Radiology, University of Greifswald School of Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Greifswald School of Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Departments of, Greifswald, Germany
| | - John A. Batsis
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, N.H., USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, N.H., USA
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Draman MS, Stechman M, Scott-Coombes D, Dayan CM, Rees DA, Ludgate M, Zhang L. The Role of Thyrotropin Receptor Activation in Adipogenesis and Modulation of Fat Phenotype. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:83. [PMID: 28469599 PMCID: PMC5395630 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from clinical and experimental data suggests that thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) signaling is involved in energy expenditure through its impact on white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). TSHR expression increases during mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into fat. We hypothesize that TSHR activation [TSHR*, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAB), or activating mutation] influences MSC differentiation, which contributes to body composition changes seen in hypothyroidism or Graves' disease (GD). The role of TSHR activation on adipogenesis was first investigated using ex vivo samples. Neck fat (all euthyroid at surgery) was obtained from GD (n = 11, TSAB positive), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG, TSAB negative) (n = 6), and control patients with benign euthyroid disease (n = 11, TSAB negative). The effect of TSHR activation was then analyzed using human primary abdominal subcutaneous preadipocytes (n = 16). Cells were cultured in complete medium (CM) or adipogenic medium [ADM, containing thiazolidinedione (TZD), PPARγ agonist, which is able to induce BAT formation] with or without TSHR activation (gain-of-function mutant) for 3 weeks. Adipogenesis was evaluated using oil red O (ORO), counting adipogenic foci, qPCR measurement of terminal differentiation marker (LPL). BAT [PGC-1α, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and ZIC1], pre-BAT (PRDM16), BRITE- (CITED1), or WAT (LEPTIN) markers were analyzed by semiquantitative PCR or qPCR. In ex vivo analysis, there were no differences in the expression of UCP1, PGC-1α, and ZIC1. BRITE marker CITED1 levels were highest in GD followed by TMNG and control (p for trend = 0.009). This was associated with higher WAT marker LEPTIN level in GD than the other two groups (p < 0.001). In primary cell culture, TSHR activation substantially enhanced adipogenesis with 1.4 ± 0.07 (ORO), 8.6 ± 1.8 (foci), and 5.5 ± 1.6 (LPL) fold increases compared with controls. Surprisingly, TSHR activation in CM also significantly increased pre-BAT marker PRDM16; furthermore, TZD-ADM induced adipogenesis showed substantially increased BAT markers, PGC-1α and UCP1. Our study revealed that TSHR activation plays an important role in the adipogenesis process and BRITE/pre-BAT formation, which leads to WAT or BAT phenotype. It may contribute to weight loss as heat during hyperthyroidism and later transforms into WAT posttreatment of GD when patients gain excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Stechman
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Dafydd Aled Rees
- School of Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marian Ludgate
- Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- *Correspondence: Marian Ludgate, ; Lei Zhang,
| | - Lei Zhang
- Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- *Correspondence: Marian Ludgate, ; Lei Zhang,
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Krause AJ, Cines B, Pogrebniak E, Sherafat-Kazemzadeh R, Demidowich AP, Galescu OA, Brady SM, Reynolds JC, Hubbard VS, Yanovski JA. Associations between adiposity and indicators of thyroid status in children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:551-558. [PMID: 26910299 PMCID: PMC5722653 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, obesity is associated with abnormalities of thyroid function; there are fewer studies in paediatric cohorts. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of weight and adiposity with indices of thyroid function and thyroid-related metabolic factors in children. DESIGN/METHODS A sample of 1203 children without obesity (body mass index [BMI] < 95th percentile; N = 631) and with obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile; N = 572), age 5-18 years, had height and weight measured (to calculate BMI-Z score for age and sex) and had blood collected in the morning for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and leptin. A subset (N = 829) also underwent measurement of fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analyses examined associations of TSH and FT4 with adiposity and obesity-related conditions accounting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Thyroid-stimulating hormone was positively related to BMIz and fat mass (both p-values < 0.001). FT4 was negatively related to BMIz and fat mass (both p-values < 0.001). TSH was positively correlated to leptin (p = 0.001) even after accounting for fat mass. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric obesity is associated with higher TSH and lower FT4 concentrations and with a greater prevalence of abnormally high TSH. Leptin concentrations may in part explain obesity's effects on thyroid status, perhaps through leptin's effects on TSH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Krause
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH),NIH Division of Nutrition Research Coordination, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
| | - Brittany Cines
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Elizabeth Pogrebniak
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Roya Sherafat-Kazemzadeh
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Andrew P. Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Ovidiu A. Galescu
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, Hatfield Clinical Center, NIH
| | - Van S. Hubbard
- NIH Division of Nutrition Research Coordination, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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Yu Q, Wang JB. Subclinical Hypothyroidism in PCOS: Impact on Presentation, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Risk. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:2067087. [PMID: 27478827 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2067087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim of Study. To assess status of thyroid function and thyroid disorders particularly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in subjects with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and impact of SCH on various clinical and biochemical parameters and cardiovascular risk in PCOS. Methods. Hundred females diagnosed with PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria and 100 normal controls were recruited and were subjected to elaborate anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical assessment. Results. Notable findings included significantly higher frequency of subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism (p = 0.0002), autoimmune thyroiditis (p < 0.001), and goitre (p = 0.02) in polycystic ovarian syndrome subjects compared to control subjects. Further SCH PCOS subjects were found to harbor significantly higher HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) and frequency of subjects with dyslipidemia (p < 0.05) compared to both euthyroid PCOS and euthyroid control subjects. Though frequency of subjects with cardiovascular risk factors was higher in SCH PCOS group than euthyroid PCOS group, it failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion. We concluded that PCOS is associated with high incidence of SCH and AIT compared to normal population and SCH poses increased risk of cardiovascular disorder in PCOS.
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Shinkov A, Borissova AM, Kovatcheva R, Atanassova I, Vlahov J, Dakovska L. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increases through the quartiles of thyroid stimulating hormone in a population-based sample of euthyroid subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:926-32. [PMID: 25627048 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its elements in relation to TSH in euthyroid subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the cross-sectional study, 2,153 euthyroid adults, 47.2 ± 14.5 years (20-94) with no current antithyroid or thyroid replacement therapy were enrolled. All participants filled a questionnaire on past and current morbidities, medication and smoking. Body weight, height, waist circumference, serum TSH, glucose and lipids were measured. The subjects were stratified by quartiles of TSH (QTSH) and the prevalence of the MetS elements was calculated. MetS was determined by the IDF 2005 criteria. RESULTS Overweight prevalence was 37.2% (35.2-39.2), obesity in 25.1% (23.3-26.9), abdominal obesity - 61.4% (59.3-63.5), hypertension - 42.1% (38.9-43.1), diabetes/increased fasting glucose - 13.6% (12.1-15), low HDL-cholesterol - 27.6% (25.7-29.5), hypertriglyceridemia - 24.1% (22.3-25.9), MetS - 32.2% (30.2-34.2). MetS was more prevalent in the highest QTSH (34.9%, 30.9-38.9) than the lowest (27%, 23.3-30.9), p < 0.001, as were low HDL-C (32%, 28-35.9 vs. 25%, 21.3-28.7, p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (26.8%, 23-30.5 vs. 20.4%, 17-23.8, p = 0.015). Each QTSH increased the risk of MetS by 14%, p < 0.001, of hypertriglyceridemia by 20%, p = 0.001 and of low LDL-C by 9%, p = 0.042. Other significant factors for MetS were age, male gender and obesity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MetS increased with higher QTSH within the euthyroid range, mostly by an increase in the dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shinkov
- Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna-Maria Borissova
- Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roussanka Kovatcheva
- Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana Atanassova
- Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jordan Vlahov
- Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lilia Dakovska
- Medical University of Sofia, University Hospital of Endocrinology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Amouzegar A, Kazemian E, Gharibzadeh S, Mehran L, Tohidi M, Azizi F. Association between thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies and insulin resistance in euthyroid individuals: A population-based cohort. Diabetes Metab 2015; 41:480-8. [PMID: 26049821 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The association between insulin resistance and thyroid function in euthyroid subjects has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association between thyroid function within the normal reference range and insulin resistance in participants of the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of the TTS. Of 5786 subjects aged ≥ 20 years, 2758 euthyroid subjects free of thyroid disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, and not taking steroids and lipid-lowering agents, were included. Serum concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH were measured. The homoeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to evaluate IR. RESULTS On linear regression analysis, a negative association was found between serum FT4 levels and HOMA-IR in the model with age, smoking and physical activity (B = -0.09, P < 0.001) and in the WC-adjusted model with age, smoking and physical activity for men (B = -0.06, P < 0.01). In addition, there was a positive association between serum TSH levels and HOMA-IR in both models [with age, smoking and physical activity (B = 0.07, P = 0.006), and age, smoking, physical activity and adjusted for WC (B = 0.05, P = 0.01)] that was not more significant on logistic regression analysis. In women, neither serum FT4 nor TSH levels were associated with HOMA-IR; the prevalence of IR decreased from 27.2 to 19.1 with increasing tertiles of FT4 only in men (P = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in HOMA-IR and its components between thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)-negative and -positive groups. Also, it was found that metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) subjects had higher levels of TSH than individuals who were MONW (metabolically obese but normal weight; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Low FT4 was independently associated with IR in healthy euthyroid Iranian men.
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Ma S, Jing F, Xu C, Zhou L, Song Y, Yu C, Jiang D, Gao L, Li Y, Guan Q, Zhao J. Thyrotropin and obesity: increased adipose triglyceride content through glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7633. [PMID: 25559747 DOI: 10.1038/srep07633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that thyrotropin (TSH) is positively correlated with the severity of obesity. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that TSH promoted triglyceride (TG) synthesis in differentiated adipocytes in a thyroid hormone-independent manner. Mice with subclinical hypothyroidism, which is characterized by elevated serum TSH but not thyroid hormone levels, demonstrated a 35% increase in the total white adipose mass compared with their wild-type littermates. Interestingly, Tshr KO mice, which had normal thyroid hormone levels after thyroid hormone supplementation, resisted high-fat diet-induced obesity. TSH could directly induce the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3), the rate-limiting enzyme in TG synthesis, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, following either the knockdown of Tshr and PPARγ or the constitutive activation of AMPK, the changes to TSH-triggered GPAT3 activity and adipogenesis disappeared. The over-expression of PPARγ or the expression of an AMPK dominant negative mutant reversed the TSH-induced changes. Thus, TSH acted as a previously unrecognized master regulator of adipogenesis, indicating that modification of the AMPK/PPARγ/GPAT3 axis via the TSH receptor might serve as a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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Abstract
As the prevalence of these endocrine dysfunctions increases, the association of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and autoimmune thyroid disease is increasingly being recognised. While the causality of this association is still uncertain, the two conditions share a bidirectional relationship. The exact nature of this link has not been elucidated yet. Both syndromes share certain common characteristics, risk factors, and pathophysiological abnormalities. Simultaneously, certain etiopathogenetic factors that operate to create these dysfunctions are dissimilar. Polycystic appearing ovaries are a clinical feature of hypothyroidism, though hypothyroidism should be excluded before diagnosing PCOS. Adiposity, increased insulin resistance, high leptin, evidence of deranged autoimmunity, all of which are present in both disease states, seem to play a complex role in connecting these two disorders. This brief communication explores the nature of the relationship between PCOS and hypothyroidism. It reviews current data and analyses them to present a unified pathophysiological basis, incorporating these complex relationships, for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Singla
- Department of Endocrinology, Saket City Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashdeep Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manju Khemani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saket City Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Shewchuk BM. Prostaglandins and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:277-87. [PMID: 25287609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis integrates complex physiological and environmental signals and responds to these cues by modulating the synthesis and secretion of multiple pituitary hormones to regulate peripheral tissues. Prostaglandins are a component of this regulatory system, affecting multiple hormone synthesis and secretion pathways in the H-P axis. The implications of these actions are that physiological processes or disease states that alter prostaglandin levels in the hypothalamus or pituitary can impinge on H-P axis function. Considering the role of prostaglandins in mediating inflammation, the potential for neuroinflammation to affect H-P axis function in this manner may be significant. In addition, the mitigating effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the inflammation-associated synthesis of prostaglandins and their role as substrates for pro-resolving lipid mediators may also include effects in the H-P axis. One context in which neuroinflammation may play a role is in the etiology of diet-induced obesity, which also correlates with altered pituitary hormone levels. This review will survey evidence for the actions of prostaglandins and other lipid mediators in the H-P axis, and will address the potential for obesity-associated inflammation and n-3 PUFA to impinge on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Shewchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
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Giandalia A, Russo GT, Romeo EL, Alibrandi A, Villari P, Mirto AA, Armentano G, Benvenga S, Cucinotta D. Influence of high-normal serum TSH levels on major cardiovascular risk factors and Visceral Adiposity Index in euthyroid type 2 diabetic subjects. Endocrine 2014; 47:152-60. [PMID: 24385267 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although several observations indicate that serum TSH levels in the high normal range are related to cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors in the general population, similar data are limited in diabetic subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential associations between TSH serum levels within the normal range and major metabolic and non-metabolic CVD risk factors in a cohort of euthyroid type 2 diabetic subjects. Thyroid hormones, TSH levels, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, glucose control, and blood pressure were measured in 490 euthyroid type 2 diabetic subjects, consecutively attending two outpatient diabetic units in Southern Italy. In all subjects, we also calculated the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), an obesity-related index associated with CVD risk. Diabetic women showed higher mean serum TSH levels and lower FT4 concentration than diabetic men, while FT3 levels were comparable in the two genders. Stratifying the study population according to quartiles of TSH levels, subjects in the highest TSH quartile were more likely to be female and younger, with higher values of BMI and waist circumference (P = 0.05 both), higher triglycerides (P = 0.002) and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.01), higher VAI values (P = 0.02), and lower FT4 levels (P = 0.05), when compared to those in the lowest quartile. At multivariate analysis, a younger age, female gender, triglycerides levels, and waist circumference were independently associated with higher TSH levels. In conclusion, in type 2 diabetic subjects with no evidence of thyroid disease, higher TSH concentrations within the normal range were more frequent in women and in younger subjects, and they were associated with visceral obesity and higher triglycerides concentrations, two well-known CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giandalia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy,
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Shin JA, Mo EY, Kim ES, Moon SD, Han JH. Association between Lower Normal Free Thyroxine Concentrations and Obesity Phenotype in Healthy Euthyroid Subjects. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:104318. [PMID: 24872812 PMCID: PMC4024385 DOI: 10.1155/2014/104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether thyroid function could identify obesity phenotype in euthyroid subjects. A cross-sectional analysis was performed among nondiabetic, euthyroid subjects. We stratified subjects into four groups by BMI and insulin resistance (IR). Of 6241 subjects, 33.8% were overweight or obese (OW/OB) and 66.2% were normal weight (NW). Free thyroxine (FT4) levels were negatively associated with body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride, c-reactive protein, and HOMA-IR and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both genders. In multivariate regression analysis, FT4 level, a continuous measurement, was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.155, P < 0.001 in men; β = -0.175, P < 0.001 in women). After adjustment for age, sex, metabolic, and life style factors, subjects in the lowest FT4 quartile had an odds ratio (OR) for IR of 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.61-2.46), as compared to those in the highest quartile. The association between low FT4 and IR remained significant in both NW and OW/OB subgroups. In conclusion, low normal FT4 levels were independently related to IR in NW and OW/OB euthyroid subjects. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms by which low FT4 levels are linked to high IR in euthyroid ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun young Mo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, 665 Bupyung-6-dong, Bupyung-gu, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, 665 Bupyung-6-dong, Bupyung-gu, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea
- *Eun Sook Kim:
| | - Sung Dae Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, 665 Bupyung-6-dong, Bupyung-gu, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Ho Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
- The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, 665 Bupyung-6-dong, Bupyung-gu, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea
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Aljohani NJ, Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS, Alkhrafy KM, Al-Othman A, Yakout S, Alkabba AF, Al-Ghamdi AS, Almalki M, Buhary BM, Sabico S. Differences and associations of metabolic and vitamin D status among patients with and without sub-clinical hypothyroid dysfunction. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:31. [PMID: 23962199 PMCID: PMC3751774 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-clinical hypothyroid dysfunction, a relatively understudied disorder in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has significant clinical implications if not properly monitored. Also from KSA, more than 50% of the population suffer from hypovitaminosis D (<50 nmol/l). In this cross-sectional case-control study, we described the differences and associations in the metabolic patterns of adult Saudis with and without hypothyroid dysfunction in relation to their vitamin D status, PTH, calcium and lipid profile. METHODS A total of 94 consenting adult Saudis [52 controls (without subclinical hypothyroidism), 42 cases (previously diagnosed subjects)] were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were obtained and fasting blood samples were taken for ascertaining lipid and thyroid profile, as well as measuring PTH, 25(OH) vitamin D and calcium. RESULTS Cases had a significantly higher body mass index than the controls (p < 0.001). Circulating triglycerides was also significantly higher in cases than the controls (p = 0.001). A significant positive association between HDL-cholesterol and PTH (R = 0.56; p = 0.001), as well as a negative and modestly significant negative association between LDL-cholesterol and PTH (R = - 20.0; p = 0.04) were observed. FT3 was inversely associated with circulating 25 (OH) vitamin D (R = -0.25; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with hypothyroid dysfunction possess several cardiometabolic risk factors that include obesity and dyslipidemia. The association between PTH and cholesterol levels as well as the inverse association between vitamin D status and FT3 needs to be reassessed prospectively on a larger scale to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji J Aljohani
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Biochemistry Department, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Biochemistry Department, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkhrafy
- Biochemistry Department, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Othman
- Biochemistry Department, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhy Yakout
- Biochemistry Department, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz F Alkabba
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Al-Ghamdi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mussa Almalki
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badurudeen Mahmood Buhary
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Biochemistry Department, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abete P, Adlbrecht C, Assimakopoulos SF, Côté N, Dullaart RP, Evsyukova HV, Fang TC, Goswami N, Hinghofer-Szalkay H, Ho YL, Hoebaus C, Hülsmann M, Indridason OS, Kholová I, Lin YH, Maniscalco M, Mathieu P, Mizukami H, Ndrepepa G, Roessler A, Sánchez-Ramón S, Santamaria F, Schernthaner GH, Scopa CD, Sharp KM, Skuladottir GV, Steichen O, Stenvinkel P, Tejera-Alhambra M, Testa G, Visseren FL, Westerink J, Witasp A, Yagihashi S, Ylä-Herttuala S. Research update for articles published in EJCI in 2011. Eur J Clin Invest 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eci.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Abete
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali; Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Christopher Adlbrecht
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Nancy Côté
- Department of Surgery; Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Research Center; Laval University; Québec Canada
| | - Robin P.F. Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology; University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Helen V. Evsyukova
- Department of Hospital Therapy; Medical Faculty; St Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Internal Medicine; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Institute of Physiology; Medical University of Graz; Austria
| | | | - Yi-Lwun Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Clemens Hoebaus
- Department of Medicine II; Angiology, Medical University and General Hospital of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Olafur S. Indridason
- Internal Medicine Services; Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Ivana Kholová
- Pathology; Fimlab Laboratories; Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Section of Respiratory Diseases; Hospital “S. Maria della Pietà”; Casoria Naples Italy
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Department of Surgery; Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Research Center; Laval University; Québec Canada
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Gjin Ndrepepa
- Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen; Deutsches Herzzentrum München; Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | | | | | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gudrun V. Skuladottir
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; School of Health Sciences; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Olivier Steichen
- Internal Medicine Department; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Tenon Hospital; Paris France
- Faculty of Medicine; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum; Department of Clinical Science; Intervention and Technology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marta Tejera-Alhambra
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Madrid Spain
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute; Università del Molise; Campobasso Italy
| | - Frank L.J. Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jan Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anna Witasp
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum; Department of Clinical Science; Intervention and Technology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering of various metabolic parameters including abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides and hypertension have been used worldwide as metabolic syndrome to predict cardiometabolic risk. Thyroid dysfunction impacts on various levels of these components. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present review is to summarize available data on thyroid hormone-dependent action on components of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS A PubMed search for any combination of hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, diabetes mellitus, body weight or visceral fat was performed. We included papers and reviews published between 2000 and today but accepted also frequently cited papers before 2000. RESULTS There is convincing evidence for a major impact of thyroid function on all components of the metabolic syndrome, reflecting profound alterations of energy homeostasis at many levels. CONCLUSION Even though the interactions shown in animal models and man are complex, it is evident that insulin sensitivity is highest and adverse thyroid effects on the metabolic system are lowest in euthyroid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Alexander Iwen
- Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erich Schröder
- Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The Christie Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- *Georg Brabant, Medizinische Klinik I, Experimentelle und Klinische Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, DE-23538 Lübeck (Germany), E-Mail
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