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Picanço Filho MC, Lima E, Carmo DDGD, Pallini A, Walerius AH, da Silva RS, Sant'Ana LCDS, Lopes PHQ, Picanço MC. Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Leucoptera coffeella as a Function of Insecticide Application Technology in Organic and Conventional Coffee ( Coffea arabica), Farms. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:585. [PMID: 38475432 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) is one of the main pests in coffee crops. The economic injury level (EIL) is the lowest density of the pest at which economic damages match the costs of control measures. The economic threshold (ET) is the density of the pest at which control measures must be taken so that this population does not reach the EIL. These are the main indices used for pest control decision-making. Control of L. coffeella is carried out by manual, tractor, airplane or drone applications. This work aimed to determine EILs and ETs for L. coffeella as a function of insecticide application technology in conventional and organic Coffea arabica crops. Data were collected over five years in commercial C. arabica crops on seven 100 ha central pivots. The cost of control in organic crops was 16.98% higher than conventional. The decreasing order of control cost was manual > drone > airplane > tractor application. Coffee plants were tolerant to low densities (up to 15% mined leaves) of the pest that caused losses of up to 6.56%. At high pest densities (54.20% mined leaves), losses were high (85.62%). In organic and conventional crops and with the use of different insecticide application technologies, EIL and ET were similar. The EIL and ET were 14% and 11% of mined leaves, respectively. Therefore, these indices can be incorporated in integrated pest management programs in C. arabica crops. The indices determined as a function of insecticide application technology in organic and conventional coffee are important as they serve producers with different technological levels. Additionally, EILs and ETs can contribute to more sustainable production, as control methods will only be employed when the pest density reaches these indices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eraldo Lima
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Angelo Pallini
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Siqueira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Coutinho Picanço
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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Neves DVC, Lopes MC, Pereira PS, Reis KHDB, Picanço MM, Costa TL, Peluzio JM, Sarmento RA, Picanço MC. Sequential Sampling Plans for Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Soybean Crops With Insecticide Applications Using Tractor or Airplane. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:599-604. [PMID: 36715643 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sampling plans are an essential part of integrated pest management programs. Sequential sampling plans enable rapid and low-cost assessment of pest densities. Thrips are emerging pests in soybean crops, and the main method used in pest control is chemical. In soybean crops, insecticides are applied mainly using tractors or airplanes. Thus, this work aimed to determine sequential sampling plans for thrips in soybean crops with insecticide applications using a tractor or airplane. Data were collected in 56 soybean fields, and each field was 20 ha. Sampling plans were determined and validated. The lower (m0) and upper (m1) limits of the sequential sampling plans were: m0 = 1.72 and m1 = 3.43 (by tractor applications) and, m0 = 2.27 and m1 = 4.53 thrips. sample-1 (by airplane applications). The slope (S) and the lower (h0) and upper (h1) intercepts of the sequential sampling plans were: S = 2.42, h0 = -5.79, and h1 = 5.79 (by tractor applications) and, S = 3.19, h0 = -6.83, and h1 = 6.83 (by airplane applications). Sequential sampling plans allowed for correct decisions to be made in all situations using a maximum of 10 samples. The sequential plan reduced the sampling effort by over 87% compared to conventional sampling plans. Therefore, these control decision-making systems have proven feasible and advantageous for implementing integrated pest management programs for controlling thrips species in soybean crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Victor Chaves Neves
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mayara Cristina Lopes
- Universidade de Rio Verde, Produção Vegetal, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mayara Moledo Picanço
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Leandro Costa
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Joenes Mucci Peluzio
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Produção Vegetal, Rua Badejos, Gurupi, TO, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Renato Almeida Sarmento
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Produção Vegetal, Rua Badejos, Gurupi, TO, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coutinho Picanço
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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Carvalho SC, Junior PAS, Pereira PS, Sarmento RA, Farias ES, Lima CHO, Santos GR, Picanço MC. Spatial Distribution of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Open-Field Yellow Melon, With Emphasis on the Role of Surrounding Vegetation as a Source of Initial Infestation. J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:2997-3003. [PMID: 32990732 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) is a serious pest of melon crops and is commonly found in the main producing areas of melon in Brazil (North and Northeast regions). This pest causes significant losses, damaging plants through feeding and tospovirus vectoring. Thus, the proper management of F. schultzei is crucial to prevent economic losses, and knowledge of the within-field distribution patterns of F. schultzei can be used to improve this pest management. This study aimed to determine the within-field distribution (through semivariogram modeling and kriging interpolation) and the factors associated with F. schultzei abundance in open-field yellow melon crops. We surveyed four yellow melon fields located in Formoso do Araguaia (Tocantins state, North Brazil) for thrips abundance in various crop stages (vegetative, flowering, and fruiting) in 2015 and 2016. Twelve models were fitted and it was determined that F. schultzei counts were strongly aggregated. The median spatial dependence was 4.79 m (range 3.55 to 8.02 m). The surface maps generated by kriging depicted an edge effect in fields 3 and 4. In addition, correlation analyses indicated that air temperature and presence of surrounding cucurbits are positively associated with F. schultzei abundance in yellow melon fields. Altogether, these insights can be combined for spatially based pest management, especially when the conditions (cucurbits in the surroundings and warmer periods) are favorable to F. schultzei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindoval C Carvalho
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Junior
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Poliana S Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Elizeu S Farias
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos H O Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Gil R Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Maciel GPS, Dias-Pini NS, Melo JWS, Lima ÉFB, Lima MGADE, Saraiva WVA. Population dynamics and infestation of Holopothrips fulvus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in dwarf cashew genotypes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92 Suppl 1:e20190091. [PMID: 32491137 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the Holopothrips fulvus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) population dynamics and to identify dwarf cashew genotypes less infested by the pest in 2015 and 2016, under field conditions. H. fulvus population evaluations were carried out by monthly observations in the plants and using a score scale varying from 0 to 4. H. fulvus infestation occurred from October to December, and in the cashew genotypes CAP 112/8, CAP 121/1, CAP 131/2, CAP 145/2, CAP 145/7, CAP 128/2, CAP 120/4, CAP 123/6, CAP 130/1, and CAP 157/2 was dependent on the flowering period of the crop in 2015. In 2016, there was dependence in all evaluated genotypes between H. fulvus infestation and the cashew flowering period. In 2015, no significant differences were observed between the evaluated genotypes regarding H. fulvus infestation. In 2016, genotypes CAP 105/5, CAP 143/7, CAP 150/3, CAP 155/2, CAP 158/8, CAP 161/7, CAP 163/8, CAP 31, CAP 71, CAP 92, CAP 113, CAP 120, CAP 155, CAP 165, CAP 106/1, CAP 111/2, CAP 127/3, CAP 157/2, and BRS 226 were less infested. H. fulvus occurs from October to December and we could identify the dwarf cashew genotypes less infested by the pest.
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Soares JRS, da Silva Paes J, de Araújo VCR, de Araújo TA, Ramos RS, Picanço MC, Zanuncio JC. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Natural Mortality Factors of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Bell Pepper Crops. Neotrop Entomol 2020; 49:445-455. [PMID: 32020496 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pest populations are mostly regulated by climate, intra- and interspecific competition, natural enemies, and host plant quality. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a widely adapted aphid in the agroecosystems and is one of the main bell pepper pests. In the present study, we determined the spatial and temporal dynamics and the regulatory factors of M. persicae populations in bell pepper crops. The number of aphids and their natural enemies were evaluated during 2 years in four commercial bell pepper fields. Myzus persicae density data were related to temperature, rainfall, and natural enemies by multiple regression analysis and were then submitted to geostatistical analysis. The density of M. persicae was higher during the plant's reproductive growth stage. Rainfall, Chrysoperla spp., and Toxomerus spp. regulate M. persicae populations. Initial infestations of this pest occur along the edges of the fields and subsequently spread towards the center. This information is useful for integrated management programs aimed at anticipating periods of higher abundance of M. persicae and identifying arthropods to be prioritized in biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R S Soares
- Depto de Agronomia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
| | - J da Silva Paes
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - V C R de Araújo
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - T A de Araújo
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - R S Ramos
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M C Picanço
- Depto de Agronomia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Depto de Agronomia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
- Depto de Entomologia, Univ Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Ternest JJ, Ingwell LL, Foster RE, Kaplan I. Comparing Prophylactic Versus Threshold-Based Insecticide Programs for Striped Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Management in Watermelon. J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:872-881. [PMID: 31901943 PMCID: PMC7136195 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In cucurbit crops such as watermelon, implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) is important due to the high reliance on bees for fruit set, along with mounting evidence of the risks of insecticide use associated with pollinator health. Yet, IPM adoption, on-farm pesticide use behaviors, their costs, and impacts on the primary insect pest (striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum F.) are poorly known in one of the key watermelon-growing regions, the Midwestern United States. To better understand how to implement IPM into watermelon production, we assessed pest management practices on commercial watermelon farms using 30 field sites in Indiana and Illinois over 2 yr in 2017 and 2018. Across all sampling dates, beetles never crossed the economic threshold of five beetles/plant at any farm and most were maintained at densities far below this level (i.e., <1 beetle/plant). Moreover, we documented a wide range of insecticide inputs (mean ca. 5 applications per field per season; max. 10 applications) that were largely dominated by inexpensive foliar pyrethroid sprays; however, insecticide application frequency was poorly correlated with pest counts, suggesting that most of these applications were unnecessary. We calculated that the cost of the average insecticide program far exceeds the cost of scouting, and thus IPM is estimated to save growers ca. $1,000 per field under average conditions (i.e., field size, insecticide cost). These data strongly indicate that current management practices on commercial farms in the Midwest would benefit from implementing more threshold-based IPM programs with potential increases in both farm profitability and pollination services.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Ternest
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - L L Ingwell
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - R E Foster
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - I Kaplan
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Pereira PS, Sarmento RA, Lima CHO, Pinto CB, Silva GA, Dos Santos GR, Picanço MC. Geostatistical Assessment of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Spatial Distribution in Commercial Watermelon Crops. J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:489-495. [PMID: 31586212 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spatial distribution studies of insect pests make it possible to determine their colonization and dispersal patterns. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai) is among the most frequently consumed fruits in the world, and the common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the most important insect pests of this plant. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of F. schultzei in commercial watermelon crops using geostatistics. The studied F. schultzei populations presented an aggregated distribution. The colonization of thrips began at the borders of the crops, especially in the areas located in the opposite direction to that of the prevailing winds. The highest densities of thrips occurred in crops that had cucurbits in the surrounding areas. When monitoring for F. schultzei populations, greater attention should be given to sampling that part of the crop located in the opposite direction to that of the prevailing winds because this is where colonization begins. Even at low densities, the aggregation points of thrips in the crop should be located and controlled so that they do not cause damage. In sampling programs for F. schultzei, samples should be taken at distances greater than 9 m apart because this is the distance up to which densities of this species show spatial dependence. Planting watermelon crops close to other cucurbits should be avoided, as these alternate hosts may act as a source of infestation by this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cleovan Barbosa Pinto
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gerson Adriano Silva
- North State University Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Felicio TNP, Costa TL, Sarmento RA, Ramos RS, Pereira PS, da Silva RS, Picanço MC. Surrounding Vegetation, Climatic Elements, and Predators Affect the Spatial Dynamics of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Commercial Melon Fields. J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:2774-2781. [PMID: 31265728 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studying the spatial dynamics of pests allows the determination of abiotic and biotic factors affecting time and locations of pest attack to the crops. Such abiotic and biotic factors mainly include 1) climatic elements, 2) natural enemies, 3) phenological stage of plants, and 4) surrounding vegetation. Melon (Cucumis melo L. [Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae]) is among the most consumed fruit in the world, and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is among the main pests of this crop. This work aimed to determine the effects of surrounding vegetation, natural enemies, climatic elements, and stages of plants on the spatial dynamics of B. tabaci in commercial melon fields. Adult whitefly densities were monitored on four melon fields in a tropical climate region. Sampling location in crops was georeferenced. Experimental data were submitted to geostatistical analysis. The highest densities of B. tabaci occurred during hot periods experiencing lower rainfall, and when the surrounding area presented crops hosting B. tabaci, especially other melon farms. The density ratio of the predators (i.e., spiders and Geocoris sp.) were dependent on pest density. The pattern of field colonization by B. tabaci varies according to its density. Therefore, the surrounding vegetation, air temperature, and predators influence the spatial distribution of B. tabaci in melon fields. These results provide important information to melon farmers, assisting them to improve the management of B. tabaci in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Siqueira da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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Silva ÉM, Crespo ALB, Farias ES, Bacci L, Queiroz RB, Picanço MC. Conventional Sampling Plan for Scouting Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Eggs on Tomato Fruits. J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:2433-2440. [PMID: 31165860 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The small tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), is an important pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in South and Central America. This pest is a potential threat for many tomato-producing areas and was listed in 2014 as an A1 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Soon after hatching, the neonate N. elegantalis larvae penetrate the fruits where they feed until pupation. Therefore, effective N. elegantalis management relies on the timely scouting of egg densities to allow decision-making prior to penetration of neonates into fruits. This study aimed to develop a conventional sampling plan for scouting N. elegantalis eggs on tomato plants. The most representative and precise sampling unit was the most basal fruit cluster for plants bearing up to three clusters (S1 plants). For plants with more than three fruit clusters (S2 plants), the most representative and precise sampling unit was the combination of the second and third fruit clusters. Among the four variables evaluated (eggs/fruit, egg masses/fruit, percentage fruit with eggs, and percentage clusters with eggs), the percentage of clusters with eggs was the most economical for N. elegantalis sampling based on the number of samples and cost required. For this variable, the number of samples determined at the 25% error level was 42 and 36 samples for S1 and S2 plants, respectively. The sampling plan developed for scouting N. elegantalis is fast, reflects pest infestation in tomato fields, and costs less than US$1.50 per field scouted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ézio M Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil
| | - André L B Crespo
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agricultural Division of DowDuPont, Johnston, IA
| | - Elizeu S Farias
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro Bacci
- Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Renan B Queiroz
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Incaper), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Lopes MC, Ribeiro AV, Costa TL, Arcanjo LDP, Farias ES, Santos AA, Ramos RS, De Araújo TA, Picanço MC. Practical Sampling Plan for Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Tomato Crops. J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:1946-1952. [PMID: 31329898 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), is an important pest of tomato crops worldwide. Conventional sampling plans are the starting point for the development of pest control decision-making. The present study aimed to develop a conventional sampling plan for L. huidobrensis during the vegetative and reproductive stages of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). The best sampling unit for vegetative and reproductive stages of tomato crops was determined. The frequency distributions of L. huidobrensis densities in tomato crops were assessed, and the ideal number of samples to constitute the sampling plan was determined. The basal leaf of the middle section of the plant canopy was the best plant part for sampling. Pea leafminer densities were fitted to the negative binomial distribution with a common aggregation parameter (Kcommon = 0.7289) that represents all tomato fields. The sampling plan consists of 73 samples per field, irrespective of field size (1, 5, or 10 ha). Evaluations using this sampling plan were performed in 47 min, 1 h 9 min, and 1 h 25 min at a cost of US$1.74, US$2.54, and US$3.12 per sampling in fields of 1, 5, and 10 ha, respectively. The sampling plan developed in this study may lead to more well-informed decision-making for controlling L. huidobrensis in tomato fields up to 10 ha. Additionally, it is inexpensive (up to US$3.12 per sampling area), fast (up to 1 h 25 min per sampling area), and practical (it can be used in tomato crops at the vegetative and reproductive stages).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C Lopes
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Arthur V Ribeiro
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Costa
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas de P Arcanjo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizeu S Farias
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Abraão A Santos
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Ramos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamíris A De Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Shah FM, Razaq M, Ali Q, Shad SA, Aslam M, Hardy ICW. Field evaluation of synthetic and neem-derived alternative insecticides in developing action thresholds against cauliflower pests. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7684. [PMID: 31118444 PMCID: PMC6531477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemical pesticides can enhance crop yields but also have undesired effects. Alternative 'botanical insecticides' may also have non-target effects on pollinators and biocontrol services. Employing action thresholds (ATs) can reduce pesticide (whether synthetic or botanical) use compared to fixed-interval applications. Here the azadirachtin-based botanical formulation NeemAzal and a neem seed extract (NSE) were evaluated in field spraying trials alongside commonly-used synthetics (Voliam Flexi [chlorentraniliprole plus thiamethoxam] and imidacloprid) in developing ATs for the regular and cosmopolitan cauliflower pests Brevicoryne brassicae, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura. We considered the size of the S. litura larvae infesting the crop in order to derive ATs. ATs per plant were higher for NeemAzal (0.55 larvae for P. xylostella and 3 larvae for large-sized S. litura) than for Voliam Flexi (0.30 larvae for P. xylostella and 0.80 larvae for S. litura) but were similar for B. brassicae (50 individuals). Higher ATs when using azadirachtin were associated with the diverse modes of action of botanicals, for instance NeemAzal and NSE deterred oviposition of S. litura. Although the exact values of ATs are likely to have regional limits, our approach can be applied for determining ATs against common lepidopteran and aphid pests in many other vegetable crop agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mahmood Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Razaq
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká, 1176, Czech Republic
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ian C W Hardy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK.
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de O Lima CH, Sarmento RA, Pereira PS, Ribeiro AV, Souza DJ, Picanço MC. Economic injury levels and sequential sampling plans for control decision-making systems of Bemisia tabaci biotype B adults in watermelon crops. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:998-1005. [PMID: 30204285 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decision-making systems are essential parts of integrated pest management programs. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of many crops, including watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), the second most consumed fruit worldwide. However, there are still no studies on decision-making systems for B. tabaci on this crop. Thus, we aim to determine a decision-making system to control B. tabaci biotype B on watermelon crops. RESULTS The highest densities of B. tabaci biotype B reduced the yield of watermelon crops by up to 56%. Watermelon plants were more susceptible to the pest at the vegetative stage than at the reproductive stage. The economic injury levels of B. tabaci biotype B when watermelon prices were low, average, and high were respectively, 0.52, 0.21 and 0.13 adults leaf-1 at the vegetative stage, and 1.69, 0.69 and 0.44 adults leaf-1 at the reproductive stage. The sequential plans reached the same decisions as the conventional plan, and reduced the time and cost of sampling by up to 92.68%. CONCLUSION The decision-making systems determined in this study enable an expedited and proper decision to be made for controlling B. tabaci, biotype B and can be used in different price situations for watermelon and in crops at different phenological stages. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arthur V Ribeiro
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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13
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de Moura MF, Lopes MC, Pereira RR, Parish JB, Chediak M, de Paulo Arcanjo L, das Graças do Carmo D, Picanço MC. Sequential sampling plans and economic injury levels for Empoasca kraemeri on common bean crops at different technological levels. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:398-405. [PMID: 28876534 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empoasca kraemeri is an important pest on common bean crops at different technological levels. However, for this pest on this crop, economic injury levels have not yet been determined and plan for sequential sampling plans has not yet been developed. Thus, the objectives of this research were to develop E. kraemeri sequential sampling plans and to determine economic injury levels in the common bean at different crop technological levels. RESULTS Common bean plants tolerate low attack intensities of this pest (up to 1 adult plant-1 ). However, with an increase in attacks, there is a reduction in grain production by the plants. The economic injury levels were 0.48, 0.39 and 0.35 adults sample-1 (leaf beating on a tray) for crops with low (1200 kg ha-1 ), medium (1800 kg ha-1 ) and high (2400 kg ha-1 ) technological levels, respectively. Sequential sampling plans and the standardized plan produced similar decisions. However, in these decisions there was a time saving of more than 60% compared with the standardized plan. CONCLUSION All three economic injury levels determined and the sequential sampling plans developed in this study are suitable for incorporation into integrated management programs for common bean pests because they can be used by farmers operating at various technological levels to make adequate and rapid decisions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fialho de Moura
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano Distritio de Ceraima, Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mayara Cristina Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Ramos Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Chediak
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Paulo Arcanjo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silva AR, Rodrigues-Silva N, Pereira PS, Sarmento RA, Costa TL, Galdino TVS, Picanço MC. Sampling Plans for the Thrips Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Three Lettuce Varieties. J Econ Entomol 2017; 110:2490-2496. [PMID: 29126240 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an important lettuce pest worldwide. Conventional sampling plans are the first step in implementing decision-making systems into integrated pest management programs. However, this tool is not available for F. schultzei infesting lettuce crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a conventional sampling plan for F. schultzei in lettuce crops. Two sampling techniques (direct counting and leaf beating on a white plastic tray) were compared in crisphead, looseleaf, and Boston lettuce varieties before and during head formation. The frequency distributions of F. schultzei densities in lettuce crops were assessed, and the number of samples required to compose the sampling plan was determined. Leaf beating on a white plastic tray was the best sampling technique. F. schultzei densities obtained with this technique were fitted to the negative binomial distribution with a common aggregation parameter (common K = 0.3143). The developed sampling plan is composed of 91 samples per field and presents low errors in its estimates (up to 20%), fast execution time (up to 47 min), and low cost (up to US $1.67 per sampling area). This sampling plan can be used as a tool for integrated pest management in lettuce crops, assisting with reliable decision making in different lettuce varieties before and during head formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson R Silva
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Brazil
| | | | - Poliana S Pereira
- Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Brazil
| | - Thiago L Costa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Brazil
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Lima CH, Sarmento RA, Pereira PS, Galdino TV, Santos FA, Silva J, Picanço MC. Feasible sampling plan for Bemisia tabaci control decision-making in watermelon fields. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:2345-2352. [PMID: 28544773 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the most important pests of watermelon fields worldwide. Conventional sampling plans are the starting point for the generation of decision-making systems of integrated pest management programs. The aim of this study was to determine a conventional sampling plan for B. tabaci in watermelon fields. RESULTS The optimal leaf for B. tabaci adult sampling was the 6th most apical leaf. Direct counting was the best pest sampling technique. Crop pest densities fitted the negative binomial distribution and had a common aggregation parameter (Kcommon ). The sampling plan consisted of evaluating 103 samples per plot. This sampling plan was conducted for 56 min, costing US$ 2.22 per sampling and with a 10% maximum evaluation error. CONCLUSIONS The sampling plan determined in this study can be adopted by farmers because it enables the adequate evaluation of B. tabaci populations in watermelon fields (10% maximum evaluation error) and is a low-cost (US$ 2.22 per sampling), fast (56 min per sampling) and feasible (because it may be used in a standardized way throughout the crop cycle) technique. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ho Lima
- Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tarcísio Vs Galdino
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Santos
- Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Joedna Silva
- Federal Institute of Tocantins, Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Picanço
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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