1
|
Paslawski R, Kowalczyk P, Paslawska U, Wiśniewski J, Dzięgiel P, Janiszewski A, Kiczak L, Zacharski M, Gawdzik B, Kramkowski K, Szuba A. Analysis of the Model of Atherosclerosis Formation in Pig Hearts as a Result of Impaired Activity of DNA Repair Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2282. [PMID: 38396961 PMCID: PMC10888614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of food rich in saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates can lead to metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for acute cardiac events due to its association with oxidative stress. This leads to arterial wall remodeling, including an increase in the thickness of the intima media complex (IMT), and endothelial dysfunction leading to plaque formation. The decreased nitric oxide synthesis and accumulation of lipids in the wall result in a reduction in the vasodilating potential of the vessel. This study aimed to establish a clear relationship between markers of endothelial dysfunction and the activity of repair enzymes in cardiac tissue from a pig model of early atherosclerosis. The study was conducted on 28 female Polish Landrace pigs, weighing 40 kg (approximately 3.5 months old), which were divided into three groups. The control group (n = 11) was fed a standard, commercial, balanced diet (BDG) for 12 months. The second group (n = 9) was fed an unbalanced, high-calorie Western-type diet (UDG). The third group (n = 8) was fed a Western-type diet for nine months and then switched to a standard, balanced diet (regression group, RG). Control examinations, including blood and urine sampling, were conducted every three months under identical conditions with food restriction for 12 h and water restriction for four hours before general anesthesia. The study analyzed markers of oxidative stress formed during lipid peroxidation processes, including etheno DNA adducts, ADMA, and NEFA. These markers play a crucial role in reactive oxygen species analysis in ischemia-reperfusion and atherosclerosis in mammalian tissue. Essential genes involved in oxidative-stress-induced DNA demethylation like OGG1 (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase), MPG (N-Methylpurine DNA Glycosylase), TDG (Thymine-DNA glycosylase), APEX (apurinic/apirymidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1), PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), and ALOX (Arachidonate Lipoxygenase) were measured using the Real-Time RT-PCR method. The data suggest that high oxidative stress, as indicated by TBARS levels, is associated with high levels of DNA repair enzymes and depends on the expression of genes involved in the repair pathway. In all analyzed groups of heart tissue homogenates, the highest enzyme activity and gene expression values were observed for the OGG1 protein recognizing the modified 8oxoG. Conclusion: With the long-term use of an unbalanced diet, the levels of all DNA repair genes are increased, especially (significantly) Apex, Alox, and Ptgs, which strongly supports the hypothesis that an unbalanced diet induces oxidative stress that deregulates DNA repair mechanisms and may contribute to genome instability and tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Paslawski
- Veterinary Insitute, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Urszula Paslawska
- Veterinary Insitute, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Life Science Institute, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Liliana Kiczak
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 Norwida St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zacharski
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 Norwida St., 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15 G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- WROVASC—Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.D.); (A.J.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (A.S.)
- Division of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chodkowska KA, Abramowicz-Pindor PA, Tuśnio A, Gawin K, Taciak M, Barszcz M. Effect of Phytobiotic Composition on Production Parameters, Oxidative Stress Markers and Myokine Levels in Blood and Pectoral Muscle of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2625. [PMID: 36230365 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intensive rearing of broiler chickens is accompanied with pathological processes occurring in muscle tissue that decrease meat quality. The application of common spices as feed additives for chickens may improve the birds’ health and prevent the development of myopathies. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of the dietary level of a phytobiotic composition on the production parameters, oxidative stress markers and myokine levels in the blood and pectoral muscle of broiler chickens. The composition consisted of red pepper fruit, white mustard seed, soapwort root, calamus rhizome, and thymol, and it was tested at two levels, i.e., 60 and 100 mg/kg diet. The results showed that dietary supplementation with phytobiotic composition at the level of 100 mg/kg diet improved feed efficiency in broiler chickens and might improve the quality and economy of broiler meat production. The plant constituents exerted their beneficial effects on meat via decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α concentration in pectoral muscle and increasing interleukin-6 content in the blood of chickens. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary level of a phytobiotic composition (PBC) on production parameters, oxidative stress markers and cytokine levels in the blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens. The experiment was performed on 48 one-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chickens divided into three groups (n = 16) fed the control diet (without PBC), and a diet supplemented with 60 or 100 mg/kg of PBC. After 35 days of feeding, blood and breast muscle samples were collected for analyses. There was no effect on final body weight and feed intake but PBC addition (100 mg/kg) improved feed efficiency as compared to the control. Also, this dietary level of PBC contributed to an increase in interlukin-6 content in blood and a reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in pectoral muscle in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, the addition of 100 mg/kg PBC improved the production parameters of broiler chickens and beneficially influenced the regeneration and protection of pectoral muscle against pathophysiological processes that may occur during intensive rearing.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lepczyński A, Herosimczyk A, Barszcz M, Ożgo M, Michałek K, Grabowska M, Tuśnio A, Szczerbińska D, Skomiał J. Diet supplemented either with dried chicory root or chicory inulin significantly influence kidney and liver mineral content and antioxidative capacity in growing pigs. Animal 2021; 15:100129. [PMID: 33573962 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Regulation No. 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and European Union Council, the use of antibiotics as a dietary supplements has been prohibited. It seems that the administration of prebiotics, instead of antibiotics, into the pig's diet, may regulate the intestinal microbiota and has a long-term health-related impact on the host. Inulin-type fructans can stimulate mineral absorption from the gut. Additionally, it may regulate energy metabolism and activate enzymatic mechanisms preventing oxidative stress. The goal of the present study was to estimate the influence of dietary supplementation with dried chicory root or native chicory inulin on 1) liver histology; 2) liver and kidney lipid metabolism indices, activity of selected enzymes, concentration of macro- and micronutrients and heavy metals; 3) blood plasma, liver and kidney oxidative stress biomarkers and 4) blood plasma water-electrolyte homeostasis indices in growing pigs. The nutritional study was conducted on 24 piglets assigned to 3 dietary groups (n = 8): control (C) fed a basal diet and two experimental groups receiving basal diet supplemented with 2% of inulin (IN) either 4% of dried chicory root (CR). The animals were fed with a group-specific diets for 40 days and then subjected to euthanasia. Subsequently, blood, liver and kidney samples were harvested for further processing. In the control and experimental groups, no apparent morphological abnormalities in the liver tissues were seen. The percent of periodic acid Schiff positive glycogen liver cells was significantly lower in the CR group as compared to C and IN groups (P < 0.001). Chicory root supplementation improved blood plasma prooxidative-antioxidative balance - PAB (P < 0.001) and liver PAB (P < 0.01) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05). Feeding the CR diet increased calcium (P < 0.001) and potassium (P < 0.05) and decreased cadmium (P ≥ 0.05) content in the liver when compared to the C group. Administration of the CR and IN diets increased selenium (Se) and sodium concentrations, whereas decreased zinc content both in the liver (P < 0.01; P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) and in the kidney (P < 0.01; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) of pigs. Additionally, a higher concentration of lead (P < 0.05) was observed in the kidney of pigs fed the CR diet. In conclusion, both dietary supplements had a potential to significantly improve the Se status and oxidoreductive homeostasis in growing pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - A Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - M Ożgo
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Michałek
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Tuśnio
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - D Szczerbińska
- Department of Monogastric Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - J Skomiał
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Z, Daugherty WP, Sun D, Levasseur JE, Altememi N, Hamm RJ, Rockswold GL, Bullock MR. Protection of mitochondrial function and improvement in cognitive recovery in rats treated with hyperbaric oxygen following lateral fluid-percussion injury. J Neurosurg 2007; 106:687-94. [PMID: 17432723 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) has been shown to improve outcome after severe traumatic brain injury, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. Following lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI), the authors tested the effects of HBO2 treatment as well as enhanced normobaric oxygenation on mitochondrial function, as measured by both cognitive recovery and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to moderate lateral FPI or sham injury and were allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) FPI treated with 4 hours of normobaric 30% O2; 2) FPI treated with 4 hours of normobaric 100% O2; 3) FPI treated with 1 hour of HBO2 plus 3 hours of normobaric 100% O2; and 4) sham-injured treated with normobaric 30% O2. Cognitive outcome was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) on Days 11 to 15 after injury. Animals were then killed 21 days postinjury to assess hippocampal neuronal loss. Adenosine triphosphate was extracted from the neocortex and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that injured animals treated with HBO2 or normobaric 100% O2 alone had significantly higher levels of cerebral ATP as compared with animals treated using normobaric 30% O2 (p < or = 0.05). The injured animals treated with HBO2 had significant improvements in cognitive recovery, as characterized by a shorter latency in MWM performance (p < or = 0.05), and decreased neuronal loss in the CA2/3 and hilar regions as compared with those treated with 30% or 100% O2, (p < or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both hyperbaric and normobaric hyperoxia increased cerebral ATP levels after lateral FPI. In addition, HBO2 treatment improved cognitive recovery and reduced hippocampal neuronal cell loss after brain injury in the rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0631, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The role of lipid peroxidation after brain injury is still not completely understood, and results of different studies have been equivocal. In this study, three proposed peroxidation markers were determined in patients early after isolated head injury and results compared to healthy controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in plasma, and n-pentane was determined in patients' exhaled air. For MDA and TBARS no significant differences could be shown (0.267 vs. 0.358 ng/mL, and 0.896 vs. 0.814 ng/mL in patients vs. healthy volunteers, respectively). n-Pentane, however, was significantly increased in the expired air of patients (0.471 vs. 0.118 nmol/L in healthy volunteers). Similar results for n-pentane were obtained when only male patients and volunteers were considered (0.510 vs. 0.113 nmol/L). Stratification according to clinical outcome showed significantly higher values for n-pentane in male patients with poor outcome (0.656 nmol/L) in comparison with healthy male volunteers (0.113 nmol/L). No difference was found when patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is concluded that, only in a sub-population of patients with brain injury, lipid-peroxidation is a crucial mechanism. n-Pentane seems to be a valuable marker to detect lipid peroxidation early after brain trauma. Malondialdehyde may be of value only later in the course of the disease. TBARS are not a specific marker and should therefore not be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Scholpp
- Department of Anesthesia, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Brsg., Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bayir H, Marion DW, Puccio AM, Wisniewski SR, Janesko KL, Clark RSB, Kochanek PM. Marked Gender Effect on Lipid Peroxidation after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Patients. J Neurotrauma 2004; 21:1-8. [PMID: 14987460 DOI: 10.1089/089771504772695896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Striking gender differences have been reported in the pathophysiology and outcome of acute neurological injury. Greater neuroprotection in females versus males may be due, in part, to direct and indirect sex hormone-mediated antioxidant mechanisms. Progesterone administration decreases brain levels of F(2)-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation, after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in male rats, and estrogen is neuroprotective in experimental neurological injury. In this study, we evaluated the effect of gender on lipid peroxidation, as assessed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of F(2)-isoprostane, after severe TBI in humans. Lipid peroxidation was assessed in CSF from 68 adults enrolled in two randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of therapeutic hypothermia after severe TBI (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] score </= 8). Patients treated with hypothermia (n = 41, 12 females, 29 males) were cooled to 32-33 degrees C (within approximately 6 h) for either 24 or 48 h and then re-warmed. F(2)-isoprostane levels were assessed by ELISA in ventricular CSF samples (n = 199) on day 1, 2, and 3. The association between age, GCS score, time, gender, treatment, duration of treatment, core temperature at the time of CSF sampling, secondary hypoxemia, and CSF F(2)-isoprostane level was assessed by multivariate and dichotomous analyses. F(2)-isoprostane was approximately 2-fold higher in males than females (145.8 +/- 39.6 versus 75.4 +/- 16.6 pg/mL, day 1 p = 0.018). An effect of time after injury (p = 0.007) was reflected by a marked early peak in F(2)-isoprostane (day 1). CSF F(2)-isoprostane was also associated with hypoxemia (p = 0.04). Hypothermia tended to decrease F(2)-isoprostane levels only in males on d1 after TBI. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing gender differences in lipid peroxidation after clinical TBI. Lipid peroxidation occurs early after severe TBI in adults and is more prominent in males vs females. These results established that gender is an important consideration in clinical trial design, particularly in the case of antioxidant strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Bayir
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, and Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) activity and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were determined in 30 patients with brain contusion and in 37 control patients with low back pain due to noninflammatory degenerative lumbar disc disease. In comparison to controls, during 10-day follow-up patients with brain contusion had significantly increased erythrocyte SOD-1 activity and CSF, blood plasma (LDL), and erythrocyte TBARS concentrations. The highest CSF TBARS concentrations were observed in five patients who died 2, 7, or 8 days following head injury. A significant negative correlation was found between erythrocyte SOD-1 activity or TBARS concentrations, in the blood plasma LDL fraction and erythrocytes, and The Glasgow Coma Scale score. These results suggest that enhanced lipid peroxidation processes, which seem to correlate with the severity of head injury, accompany brain contusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Kasprzak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules implicated in the pathology of traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia, through a mechanism known as oxidative stress. After brain injury, reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species may be generated through several different cellular pathways, including calcium activation of phospholipases, nitric oxide synthase, xanthine oxidase, the Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions, by inflammatory cells. If cellular defense systems are weakened, increased production of free radicals will lead to oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which may alter cellular function in a critical way. The study of each of these pathways may be complex and laborious since free radicals are extremely short-lived. Recently, genetic manipulation of wild-type animals has yielded species that over- or under-express genes such as, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, and the Bcl-2 protein. The introduction of the species has improved the understanding of oxidative stress. We conclude here that substantial experimental data links oxidative stress with other pathogenic mechanisms such as excitotoxicity, calcium overload, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis in central nervous system (CNS) trauma and ischemia, and that utilization of genetically manipulated animals offers a unique possibility to elucidate the role of free radicals in CNS injury in a molecular fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lewén
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lomnitski L, Nyska A, Shohami E, Chen Y, Michaelson DM. Increased levels of intracellular iron in the brains of ApoE-deficient mice with closed head injury. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2000; 52:177-83. [PMID: 10965994 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(00)80118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice have distinct memory deficits and neurochemical derangements and are oxidatively stressed prior to and following closed head injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility that the enhanced susceptibility of apoE-deficient mice to closed head injury is related to impairments in their antioxidative iron-chelating mechanisms. ApoE-deficient and control mice were subjected to closed had injury, after which the extent of brain-damage and the level of iron-containing cells were assessed. Examination of the brain-damaged areas in the injured mice revealed that, by Day 3 post injury, animals of both groups were maximally and similarly affected. While the size of the damaged area of the injured control mice diminished significantly by Day 7, however recovery was not observed in injured apoE-deficient mice up to at least 14 days post-injury. Histopathologically, the decrease in the damaged areas in the control mice was interpreted as related to decreased edema. Numbers of iron-containing cells at Days 3 and 7 after injury were greater in the brains of control mice than in the apoE-deficient mice. Whereas the number of iron-containing cells in injured control mice decreased at days 9 and 14-post injury, that of the injured apoE-deficient mice plateaued by Day 9 at a level more than two-fold higher than the maximal level seen for controls. The size of the damaged areas and the number of iron-containing cells were correlated (P < 0.03) for both mouse groups at days 9 and 14 after injury. The data suggest that the increased susceptibility of apoE-deficient mice to closed head injury may be due, at least in part, to impaired iron scavenging and sustained oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lomnitski
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, The Geroge S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lomnitski L, Chapman S, Hochman A, Kohen R, Shohami E, Chen Y, Trembovler V, Michaelson DM. Antioxidant mechanisms in apolipoprotein E deficient mice prior to and following closed head injury. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1453:359-68. [PMID: 10101254 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E deficient mice have distinct memory deficits and neurochemical derangements and their recovery from closed head injury is impaired. In the present study, we examined the possibility that the neuronal derangements of apolipoprotein E deficient mice are associated with oxidative stress, which in turn affects their ability to recover from close head injury. It was found that brain phospholipid levels in apolipoprotein E deficient mice are lower than those of the controls (55+/-15% of control, P<0. 01), that the cholesterol levels of the two mice groups are similar and that the levels of conjugated dienes of the apolipoprotein E deficient mice are higher than those of control mice (132+/-15% of P<0.01). Brains of apolipoprotein E deficient mice had higher Mn-superoxide dismutase (134+/-7%), catalase (122+/-8%) and glutathione reductase (167+/-7%) activities than control (P<0.01), whereas glutathione peroxidase activity and the levels of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were similar in the two mouse groups. Closed head injury increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in both mouse groups, whereas glutathione reductase increased only in control mice. The superoxide dismutase activity was unaffected in both groups. These findings suggest that the antioxidative metabolism of apolipoprotein E deficient mice is altered both prior to and following head injury and that antioxidative mechanisms may play a role in mediating the neuronal maintenance and repair derangements of the apolipoprotein E deficient mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lomnitski
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hans P. [Post-traumatic intracranial hypertension and biochemical disorders: cases and consequences]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1998; 16:399-404. [PMID: 9750589 DOI: 10.1016/s0750-7658(97)81470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased intracranial pressure is a risk factor which may result in secondary brain damage, and affect neurological outcome in head injured patients. In case of diffuse brain lesions, elevated intracranial pressure is characterised by two important features. First, it results from vasogenic or cellular oedema, or from an increase in cerebral blood volume. Second, it is strongly associated to biochemical disorders. The latter may be considered as a direct consequence of the initial traumatic impact, mediating factors of the secondary neurological lesion and the biochemical result of cerebral ischaemia. They contribute to increased intracranial pressure and ischaemia by inducing physiological disorders and cell lesions. They also reflect the degree of cerebral ischaemia. Cerebral acidosis, free radicals and excitatory amicoacids are the main biochemical disorders implicated in this vicious circle leading to neuronal death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Hans
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHR de la Citadelle, Liège, Belgique
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karaküçük EI, Paşaoğlu H, Paşaoğlu A, Oktem S. Endogenous neuropeptides in patients with acute traumatic head injury. II: Changes in the levels of cerebrospinal fluid substance P, serotonin and lipid peroxidation products in patients with head trauma. Neuropeptides 1997; 31:259-63. [PMID: 9243523 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4179(97)90057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of substance P (SP), serotonin (5-HT) and lipid peroxidation (LPx) products were measured in patients with traumatic head injury and then compared to the levels obtained from control subjects. CSF samples were collected from 45 patients (31 male, 14 female, aged 19.2 +/- 17.79) within 24 h of the head trauma and the control CSF samples were obtained from 25 healthy subjects (23 male, 2 female, aged 51.44 +/- 17.6 years) having minor surgical operations under spinal anaesthesia. CSF SP and 5-HT levels in patients with head trauma were significantly lower than the levels in controls (P < 0.005, P < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, the CSF Lpx products were significantly increased in patients with head trauma (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between the CSF changes and the admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores of the patients. This study constitutes the second part of our work on endogenous neuropeptides in patients with traumatic head injury and it emphasizes the role of SP, 5-HT and lipid peroxidation as additional endogenous factors in traumatic head injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Karaküçük
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Polidori MC, Frei B, Rordorf G, Ogilvy CS, Koroshetz WJ, Beal MF. Increased levels of plasma cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 23:762-7. [PMID: 9296453 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(97)00053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may involve free radical production and lipid peroxidation. We examined plasma levels of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CEOOH) and antioxidants in 25 patients with SAH, and 10 neurologic controls with lacunar stroke. Patients with SAH had significantly increased plasma levels of CEOOH, which peaked on day 5 after the ictus. Concentrations of CEOOH were significantly increased, and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly decreased in patients who developed vasospasm compared with patients without vasospasm. Increased levels of CEOOH were associated with increased mortality and correlated with clinical outcome scales. These results implicate oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SAH and suggest that measurements of CEOOH in plasma may be useful both prognostically as well as in monitoring therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Polidori
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
This article reviews cellular energy transformation processes and neurochemical events that take place at the time of brain injury and shortly thereafter emphasizing hypoxia-ischemia, cerebrovascular accident, and traumatic brain injury. New interpretations of established concepts, such as diffuse axonal injury, are discussed; specific events, such as free radical production, excess production of excitatory amino acids, and disruption of calcium homeostasis, are reviewed. Neurochemically-based interventions are also presented: calcium channel blockers, excitatory amino acid antagonists, free radical scavengers, and hypothermia treatment. Concluding remarks focus on the role of clinical neuropsychologists in validation of treatment interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Novack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35233-7330, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The last decade has seen continual improvement in our skills of visualizing and diagnosing the many types of human head injury. As we continue to unravel the complex biochemistry and molecular changes caused by trauma, we expect to find new methods and agents to enhance the extracellular milieu of injured but salvageable neurons and supporting cells, resulting in continued improvement in outcome for patients with severe head injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Wald
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington
| |
Collapse
|