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Singdam P, Naowaboot J, Senggunprai L, Boonloh K, Pannangpetch P. Pluchea indica Leaf Extract Alleviates Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis by Modifying the Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Rats Fed a High Fat-High Fructose Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:384-398. [PMID: 36721751 PMCID: PMC9843721 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract (PIE) on dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation in the liver, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms in regulating lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD). Male rats were fed HFFD (40% lard and 20% fructose) for ten weeks. They were then divided into four groups receiving distilled water, PIE (100 or 300 mg/kg/d), and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) for a further six weeks, during which the HFFD was continued. After the experiment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), serum insulin and leptin levels, lipid profiles, and hepatic triglyceride content were measured. Histological examination and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver were measured. HFFD-fed rats indicated a significantly increased FBG, serum leptin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores with impaired OGT and dyslipidemia compared to rats fed a normal diet. PIE significantly reduced FBG, serum leptin, and HOMA-IR scores and improved OGT. Additionally, PIE significantly improved dyslipidemia and decreased serum-free fatty acids and liver triglyceride content. Hepatic histological examination showed a marked reduction lipid accumulation in relation to HFFD controls. Interestingly, PIE significantly downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and upregulated the expression of fatty-acid oxidation-related genes. In conclusion, PIE alleviates dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in HFFD rats plausibly by increasing insulin resistance and modifying the gene expression associated with lipid metabolism. PIE may be used as preventive nutrition for dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Singdam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jarinyaporn Naowaboot
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kampeebhorn Boonloh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patchareewan Pannangpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand,
Correspondence to Patchareewan Pannangpetch, E-mail:
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Zheng X, Huang Z, Liu Z, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That SREBP Modulates a Large Repertoire of Genes Involved in Key Cellular Functions in Penaeus vannamei, although the Majority of the Dysregulated Genes Are Unannotated. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2057. [PMID: 36360293 PMCID: PMC9690432 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) play vital roles in fatty acid metabolism and other metabolic processes in mammals. However, in penaeid shrimp, the repertoire of genes modulated by SREBP is unknown. Here, RNA interference-mediated knockdown followed by transcriptome sequencing on the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform was used to explore the genes modulated by SREBP in Penaeus vannamei hepatopancreas. A total of 706 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, out of which 282 were upregulated and 424 downregulated. Although gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that most of the downregulated DEGs were involved in physiological processes related to immunity, metabolism, and cellular signaling pathways, many of the dysregulated genes have uncharacterized functions. While most of the dysregulated genes were annotated in metabolic processes, such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and immune system, a large number (42.21%) are uncharacterized. Collectively, our current data revealed that SREBP modulates many genes involved in crucial physiological processes, such as energy metabolism, immune response, and cellular signaling pathways, as well as numerous genes with unannotated functions, in penaeid shrimp. These findings indicated that our knowledge of the repertoire of genes modulated by SREBP in shrimp lags behind that of mammals, probably due to limited research or because the complete genome of P. vannamei has just been sequenced.
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Junli Z, Shuhan W, Yajuan Z, Xiaoling D, Jiahuan L, Keshu X. The Role and Mechanism of CREBH Regulating SIRT3 in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Life Sci 2022; 306:120838. [PMID: 35902030 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of cAMP response element-binding protein H (CREBH) on metabolic associated fatty liver disease by regulating sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). MAIN METHODS Two mouse models of fatty liver induced by a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet and a high-fat (HF) diet and an in vitro model of palmitic acid (PA) induced lipid-overloaded hepatocytes were constructed to detect the expression of CREBH, SIRT3, total acetylation, and downstream protein interactions and lipid metabolism phenotype, which were further validated in CREBH-/- mice and lentivirus-overexpressing CREBH hepatocytes. KEY FINDINGS In fatty liver and lipid overload models, the expressions of CREBH and SIRT3 were down-regulated and their expression was positively correlated, accompanied by an increase in the level of total protein acetylation. Overexpression of CREBH alleviated excess lipid accumulation, impaired viability, and the ability to metabolize energy through the fatty acid oxidation pathway in hepatocytes in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of CREBH restored the interaction of the deacetylase SIRT3 with the molecules carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 2 (CPT2) and long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL) involved in the fatty acid oxidation pathway and their deacetylation status. However, CREBH-/- aggravated the damage of lipid metabolism in the liver tissue of mice. SIGNIFICANCE CREBH increased the enzymatic activity of downstream factors by positively regulating the expression of SIRT3, which promoted the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids in hepatocytes and played an important role in fatty acid oxidation in MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Junli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wang Shuhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhao Yajuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Deng Xiaoling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Jiahuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xu Keshu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Mahmoudi A, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Target Deconvolution of Fenofibrate in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:3654660. [PMID: 34988225 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3654660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent form of liver damage, affecting ~25% of the global population. NAFLD comprises a spectrum of liver pathologies, from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and may progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The presence of NAFLD correlates with metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, blood hypertension, cardiovascular, and insulin resistance. Fenofibrate is an agonist drug for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), used principally for treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, fenofibrate has recently been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of other metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NAFLD. The evidence to date indicates that fenofibrate could improve NAFLD. While PPARα is considered to be the main target of fenofibrate, fenofibrate may exert its effect through impact on other genes and pathways thereby alleviating, and possibly reversing, NAFLD. In this study, using bioinformatics tools and gene-drug, gene-diseases databases, we sought to explore possible targets, interactions, and pathways involved in fenofibrate and NAFLD. Methods We first determined significant protein interactions with fenofibrate in the STITCH database with high confidence (0.7). Next, we investigated the identified proteins on curated targets in two databases, including the DisGeNET and DISEASES databases, to determine their association with NAFLD. We finally constructed a Venn diagram for these two collections (curated genes-NAFLD and fenofibrate-STITCH) to uncover possible primary targets of fenofibrate. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG were analyzed to detect the significantly involved targets in molecular function, biological process, cellular component, and biological pathways. A P value < 0.01 was considered the cut-off criterion. We also estimated the specificity of targets with NAFLD by investigating them in disease-gene associations (STRING) and EnrichR (DisGeNET). Finally, we verified our findings in the scientific literature. Results We constructed two collections, one with 80 protein-drug interactions and the other with 95 genes associated with NAFLD. Using the Venn diagram, we identified 11 significant targets including LEP, SIRT1, ADIPOQ, PPARA, SREBF1, LDLR, GSTP1, VLDLR, SCARB1, MMP1, and APOC3 and then evaluated their biological pathways. Based on Gene Ontology, most of the targets are involved in lipid metabolism, and KEGG enrichment pathways showed the PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and NAFLD as the most significant pathways. The interrogation of those targets on authentic disease databases showed they were more specific to both steatosis and steatohepatitis liver injury than to any other diseases in these databases. Finally, we identified three significant genes, APOC3, PPARA, and SREBF1, that showed robust drug interaction with fenofibrate. Conclusion Fenofibrate may exert its effect directly or indirectly, via modulation of several key targets and pathways, in the treatment of NAFLD.
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McCann MA, Li Y, Muñoz M, Gil V, Qiang G, Cordoba-Chacon J, Blüher M, Duncan S, Liew CW. Adipose expression of CREB3L3 modulates body weight during obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19400. [PMID: 34588527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We found the hepatic transcription factor Cyclic-AMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3-like-3 (CREB3L3) to be expressed in adipose tissue, and selectively downregulated in the more metabolically protective subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese mice and humans. We sought to elucidate the specific role of this factor in adipose biology. CREB3L3 fat-specific knockout mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Additionally, we injected a flip-excision adeno-associated virus directly into the subcutaneous inguinal adipose tissue of Adiponectin-Cre mice to create a depot-specific overexpression model for further assessment. Fat-specific ablation of CREB3L3 enhanced weight gain and insulin resistance following high-fat feeding, as fat-specific knockout mice expended less energy and possessed more inflammatory adipose tissue. Conversely, inguinal fat CREB3L3 overexpression deterred diet-induced obesity and ameliorated metabolic dysfunction. Together, this study highlights the relevance of CREB3L3 in obese adipose tissue and demonstrates its role as a powerful body weight modulator.
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Yang Z, Roth K, Agarwal M, Liu W, Petriello MC. The transcription factors CREBH, PPARa, and FOXO1 as critical hepatic mediators of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108633. [PMID: 33789150 PMCID: PMC8355060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a critical mediator of lipid and/or glucose homeostasis and is a primary organ involved in dynamic changes during feeding and fasting. Additionally, hepatic-centric pathways are prone to dysregulation during pathophysiological states including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Omics platforms and GWAS have elucidated genes related to increased risk of developing MetS and related disorders, but mutations in these metabolism-related genes are rare and cannot fully explain the increasing prevalence of MetS-related pathologies worldwide. Complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition jointly determine inter-individual variability of disease risk. Given the complexity of these interactions, researchers have focused on master regulators of metabolic responses incorporating and mediating the impact of multiple environmental cues. Transcription factors are DNA binding, terminal executors of signaling pathways that modulate the cellular responses to complex metabolic stimuli and are related to the control of hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Among numerous hepatic transcription factors involved in regulating metabolism, three emerge as key players in transducing nutrient sensing, which are dysregulated in MetS-related perturbations in both clinical and preclinical studies: cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3 Like 3 (CREB3L3), Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR), and Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1). Additionally, these three transcription factors appear to be amenable to dietary and/or nutrient-based therapies, being potential targets of nutritional therapy. In this review we aim to describe the activation, regulation, and impact of these transcription factors in the context of metabolic homeostasis. We also summarize their perspectives in MetS and nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Nakagawa Y, Wang Y, Han SI, Okuda K, Oishi A, Yagishita Y, Kumagai K, Ohno H, Osaki Y, Mizunoe Y, Araki M, Murayama Y, Iwasaki H, Konishi M, Itoh N, Matsuzaka T, Sone H, Yamada N, Shimano H. Enterohepatic Transcription Factor CREB3L3 Protects Atherosclerosis via SREBP Competitive Inhibition. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:949-71. [PMID: 33246135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS cAMP responsive element-binding protein 3 like 3 (CREB3L3) is a membrane-bound transcription factor involved in the maintenance of lipid metabolism in the liver and small intestine. CREB3L3 controls hepatic triglyceride and glucose metabolism by activating plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and lipoprotein lipase. In this study, we intended to clarify its effect on atherosclerosis. METHODS CREB3L3-deficifient, liver-specific CREB3L3 knockout, intestine-specific CREB3L3 knockout, both liver- and intestine-specific CREB3L3 knockout, and liver CREB3L3 transgenic mice were crossed with LDLR-/- mice. These mice were fed with a Western diet to develop atherosclerosis. RESULTS CREB3L3 ablation in LDLR-/- mice exacerbated hyperlipidemia with accumulation of remnant APOB-containing lipoprotein. This led to the development of enhanced aortic atheroma formation, the extent of which was additive between liver- and intestine-specific deletion. Conversely, hepatic nuclear CREB3L3 overexpression markedly suppressed atherosclerosis with amelioration of hyperlipidemia. CREB3L3 directly up-regulates anti-atherogenic FGF21 and APOA4. In contrast, it antagonizes hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-mediated lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes and regulates intestinal liver X receptor-regulated genes involved in the transport of cholesterol. CREB3L3 deficiency results in the accumulation of nuclear SREBP proteins. Because both transcriptional factors share the cleavage system for nuclear transactivation, full-length CREB3L3 and SREBPs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functionally inhibit each other. CREB3L3 promotes the formation of the SREBP-insulin induced gene 1 complex to suppress SREBPs for ER-Golgi transport, resulting in ER retention and inhibition of proteolytic activation at the Golgi and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS CREB3L3 has multi-potent protective effects against atherosclerosis owing to new mechanistic interaction between CREB3L3 and SREBPs under atherogenic conditions.
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Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. The impact of vitamin D status on cardiometabolic effects of fenofibrate in women with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 48:186-194. [PMID: 33098674 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. The aim of this study was to determine the role of vitamin D status in the impact of fenofibrate on plasma levels of cardiometabolic risk factors. The study population (n = 61) consisted of three matched groups of women with atherogenic dyslipidaemia: vitamin D-naïve women with vitamin D insufficiency (group A), women receiving vitamin D preparations because of vitamin D deficiency (group B), as well as vitamin D-naïve women with normal vitamin D status (group C), who were treated with micronized fenofibrate (200 mg daily). Glucose homeostasis markers, plasma lipids, as well as plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen and homocysteine were determined at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. At entry, group A was characterized by lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, reduced insulin sensitivity and higher concentrations of uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen and homocysteine. Apart from a weaker effect on HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in group A, there were no differences between the treatment arms in the effect of fenofibrate on plasma lipids. However, only in groups B and C the drug improved insulin sensitivity and reduced circulating levels of uric acid and hsCRP, as well as increased levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and these effects correlated with the degree of improvement in insulin sensitivity. Treatment-induced increase in homocysteine was observed only in group A. The results of the study indicate that cardiometabolic effects of fibrates may depend on the vitamin D status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Li G, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Liu B, Xu K. CREBH knockout accelerates hepatic fibrosis in mouse models of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2020; 254:117795. [PMID: 32417373 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary focus of this study was to explore the effects of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein H (CREBH) on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS CREBH knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice were averagely divided into a methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) or high fat (HF) diet group and respective chow diet (CD) groups. Mice were sacrificed after 4-week treatment for MCD model and 24-week treatment for HF model. KEY FINDINGS Characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver fibrosis in KO-MCD/HF group were verified by hepatic histological analyses. Compared with WT-MCD/HF group, levels of plasma ALT and hepatic hydroxyproline increased in KO-MCD/HF group. Significantly higher levels of MCP-1, αSMA, Desmin, COL-1, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 were found while MMP-9 and FGF21 mRNA levels decreased in KO-MCD/HF group. There was also a distinct difference of mRNA levels of TNFα, CTGF and CCND1 in KO-HF group compared with controls. Protein levels of MCP-1, BAX, αSMA, COL-1, TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3 significantly increased in KO-MCD/HF group and CCND1 was also upregulated in KO-HF group compared to their counterparts. SIGNIFICANCE CREBH knockout may primarily regulate the TGF-β1 signaling pathway via TGF-β2 and FGF21 resulting in more severe inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Keshu Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Ruppert PMM, Park JG, Xu X, Hur KY, Lee AH, Kersten S. Transcriptional profiling of PPARα-/- and CREB3L3-/- livers reveals disparate regulation of hepatoproliferative and metabolic functions of PPARα. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:199. [PMID: 30866796 PMCID: PMC6416987 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated receptor α (PPARα) and cAMP-Responsive Element Binding Protein 3-Like 3 (CREB3L3) are transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. The aim of the present study was to characterize the interrelationship between PPARα and CREB3L3 in regulating hepatic gene expression. Male wild-type, PPARα−/−, CREB3L3−/− and combined PPARα/CREB3L3−/− mice were subjected to a 16-h fast or 4 days of ketogenic diet. Whole genome expression analysis was performed on liver samples. Results Under conditions of overnight fasting, the effects of PPARα ablation and CREB3L3 ablation on plasma triglyceride, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, and hepatic gene expression were largely disparate, and showed only limited interdependence. Gene and pathway analysis underscored the importance of CREB3L3 in regulating (apo)lipoprotein metabolism, and of PPARα as master regulator of intracellular lipid metabolism. A small number of genes, including Fgf21 and Mfsd2a, were under dual control of PPARα and CREB3L3. By contrast, a strong interaction between PPARα and CREB3L3 ablation was observed during ketogenic diet feeding. Specifically, the pronounced effects of CREB3L3 ablation on liver damage and hepatic gene expression during ketogenic diet were almost completely abolished by the simultaneous ablation of PPARα. Loss of CREB3L3 influenced PPARα signalling in two major ways. Firstly, it reduced expression of PPARα and its target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. In stark contrast, the hepatoproliferative function of PPARα was markedly activated by loss of CREB3L3. Conclusions These data indicate that CREB3L3 ablation uncouples the hepatoproliferative and lipid metabolic effects of PPARα. Overall, except for the shared regulation of a very limited number of genes, the roles of PPARα and CREB3L3 in hepatic lipid metabolism are clearly distinct and are highly dependent on dietary status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5563-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M M Ruppert
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Present address: Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Present address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicin, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ann-Hwee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Present address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Nakagawa Y, Shimano H. CREBH Regulates Systemic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1396. [PMID: 29738435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH, encoded by CREB3L3) is a membrane-bound transcriptional factor that primarily localizes in the liver and small intestine. CREBH governs triglyceride metabolism in the liver, which mediates the changes in gene expression governing fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, and apolipoproteins related to lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activation. CREBH in the small intestine reduces cholesterol transporter gene Npc1l1 and suppresses cholesterol absorption from diet. A deficiency of CREBH in mice leads to severe hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis. CREBH, in synergy with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), has a crucial role in upregulating Fgf21 expression, which is implicated in metabolic homeostasis including glucose and lipid metabolism. CREBH binds to and functions as a co-activator for both PPARα and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) in regulating gene expression of lipid metabolism. Therefore, CREBH has a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and small intestine.
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WANG MIN, ZHAO SHUIPING, TAN MINGYUE. bZIP transmembrane transcription factor CREBH: Potential role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1455-62. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim YD, Lee KM, Hwang S, Chang HW, Kim K, Harris RA, Choi H, Choi W, Lee S, Park C. Inhibition of cereblon by fenofibrate ameliorates alcoholic liver disease by enhancing AMPK. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2662-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zheng J, Luo Z, Hu W, Pan Y, Zhuo M. Dietary Fenofibrate Reduces Hepatic Lipid Deposition by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Exposed to Waterborne Zn. Lipids 2015; 50:417-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-3999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bae KH, Min AK, Kim JG, Lee IK, Park KG. Alpha lipoic acid induces hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 expression via up-regulation of CREBH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:212-7. [PMID: 25449271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), one of the most promising therapeutic candidates for metabolic syndrome, is induced by multiple factors associated with fasting, including cyclic AMP response element-binding protein H (CREBH). Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring thiol antioxidant, has been shown to induce metabolic changes that are similar to those induced by FGF21, including weight loss and increased energy expenditure. Here, we investigated the effect of ALA on hepatic FGF21 expression. ALA treatment enhanced CREBH and FGF21 mRNA expression and protein abundance in cultured hepatocytes. ALA increased FGF21 promoter activity by up-regulating CREBH expression and increasing CREBH binding to the FGF21 promoter, indicating that ALA up-regulates FGF21 at the transcriptional level. Moreover, inhibition of endogenous CREBH expression by siRNA attenuated ALA-induced FGF21 expression. Finally, treatment of mice with ALA enhanced fasting-induced up-regulation of CREBH and FGF21 in the liver and inhibited feeding-induced suppression of their expression. Consistently, ALA increased serum FGF21 levels in both fasted and fed mice. Collectively, these results indicate that ALA increases hepatic FGF21 expression via up-regulation of CREBH, identifying ALA as a novel positive regulator of FGF21.
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Min AK, Bae KH, Jung YA, Choi YK, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Jeon JH, Kim JG, Lee IK, Park KG. Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 mediates fasting-induced hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 expression. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2924-31. [PMID: 24885573 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fasting-induced hepatic hormone, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), is a potential candidate for the treatment of metabolic syndromes. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α is known to play a major role in the induction of hepatic FGF21 expression, other fasting-induced transcription factors that induce FGF21 expression have not yet been fully studied. In the present study, we investigated whether the fasting-induced activation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 increases hepatic FGF21 expression. We found that fasting induced hepatic Nur77 and FGF21 expression. Glucagon and forskolin increased Nur77 and FGF21 expression in vivo and in vitro, respectively, and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Nur77 (Ad-Nur77) increased FGF21 expression in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous Nur77 expression by siRNA-Nur77 abolished the effect of forskolin on FGF21 expression. The results of ChIP assays, EMSA, and mutagenesis analysis showed that Nur77 bound to the putative NBRE of the FGF21 promoter in cultured hepatocytes and fasting induced Nur77 binding to the FGF21 promoter in vivo. Knockdown of PPARα partially inhibited forskolin-induced FGF21 expression, suggesting PPARα involvement in glucagon-stimulated FGF21 expression. In addition, double knockdown of PPARα and Nur77 further diminished FGF21 expression in cultured hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study shows that Nur77 mediates fasting-induced hepatic FGF21 expression, and suggests an alternative mechanism via which hepatic FGF21 transcription is mediated under fasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Kyung Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.-K.M., K.-H.B., Y.-K.C., M.-J.K., J.-H.K., J.-H.J., J.-G.K., I.-K.L., K.-G.P.) Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-721, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Y.-A.J.), Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent (I.-K.L.), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an attractive target for treating metabolic disease due to its wide-ranging beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating FGF21 levels are increased in insulin-resistant states; however, endogenous FGF21 fails to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity, suggesting that metabolic syndrome is an FGF21-resistant state. Therefore, transcription factors for FGF21 are potential drug targets that could increase FGF21 expression in obesity and reduce FGF21 resistance. Despite many studies on the metabolic effects of FGF21, the transcriptional regulation of FGF21 gene expression remains controversial and is not fully understood. As the FGF21 transcription factor pathway is one of the most promising targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, further investigation of FGF21 transcriptional regulation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi-Hyun Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Guk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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