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Badagian N, Pírez Schirmer M, Pérez Parada A, Gonzalez-Sapienza G, Brena BM. Determination of Microcystins in Fish Tissue by ELISA and MALDI-TOF MS Using a Highly Specific Single Domain Antibody. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020084. [PMID: 36828400 PMCID: PMC9966346 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of simple, reliable, and cost-effective methods is critically important to study the spatial and temporal variation of microcystins (MCs) in the food chain. Nanobodies (Nbs), antigen binding fragments from camelid antibodies, present valuable features for analytical applications. Their small antigen binding site offers a focused recognition of small analytes, reducing spurious cross-reactivity and matrix effects. A high affinity and broad cross-reactivity anti-MCs-Nb, from a llama antibody library, was validated in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and bound to magnetic particles with an internal standard for pre-concentration in quantitative-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (Nb-QMALDI MS). Both methods are easy and fast; ELISA provides a global result, while Nb-QMALDI MS allows for the quantification of individual congeners and showed excellent performance in the fish muscle extracts. The ELISA assay range was 1.8-29 ng/g and for Nb-QMALDI, it was 0.29-29 ng/g fish ww. Fifty-five fish from a MC-containing dam were analyzed by both methods. The correlation ELISA/sum of the MC congeners by Nb-QMALDI-MS was very high (r Spearman = 0.9645, p < 0.0001). Using ROC curves, ELISA cut-off limits were defined to accurately predict the sum of MCs by Nb-QMALDI-MS (100% sensitivity; ≥89% specificity). Both methods were shown to be simple and efficient for screening MCs in fish muscle to prioritize samples for confirmatory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Badagian
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Macarena Pírez Schirmer
- Immunology Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Pérez Parada
- Technological Development Department, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Ruta 9, Rocha 27000, Uruguay
| | - Gualberto Gonzalez-Sapienza
- Immunology Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz M. Brena
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Correspondence:
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2
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Delfin-Riela T, Rossotti MA, Mattiuzzo G, Echaides C, González-Sapienza G. Nanobody-Based Blocking of Binding ELISA for the Detection of Anti-NS1 Zika-Virus-Specific Antibodies in Convalescent Patients. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010055. [PMID: 36668962 PMCID: PMC9862682 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus has spread around the world with rapid pace in the last five years. Although symptoms are typically mild and unspecific, Zika's major impact occurs during pregnancy, generating a congenital syndrome. Serology plays a key role in its diagnosis. However, its use is limited due to the uncertainty caused by the cross-reaction of antibodies elicited in response to other flavivirus infections when tested in direct immunoassays. Using a panel of previously generated anti-Zika non-structural protein 1 (NS1) nanobodies, a set was selected that only recognizes epitopes present in Zika and is immunogenic to humans. A proper arrangement of these nanobodies was made and conditions were optimized in order to develop a novel serology assay. This new ELISA relies on the inhibition of the binding of a set of selected nanobodies to Zika-immobilized NS1 when previously incubated with Zika convalescent sera. Using the developed blocking of binding assay, it was possible to discriminate between Zika-specific and cross-reactive antibodies in serum samples from infections with Zika and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Delfin-Riela
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Martín A. Rossotti
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Giada Mattiuzzo
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC)-MHRA, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | | | - Gualberto González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-24874334
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3
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Rossotti MA, van Faassen H, Tran AT, Sheff J, Sandhu JK, Duque D, Hewitt M, Wen X, Bavananthasivam J, Beitari S, Matte K, Laroche G, Giguère PM, Gervais C, Stuible M, Guimond J, Perret S, Hussack G, Langlois M, Durocher Y, Tanha J. Arsenal of nanobodies shows broad-spectrum neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vitro and in vivo in hamster models. Commun Biol 2022; 5. [PMID: 36085335 PMCID: PMC9461429 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies offer several potential advantages over mAbs for the control of SARS-CoV-2. Their ability to access cryptic epitopes conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) and feasibility to engineer modular, multimeric designs, make these antibody fragments ideal candidates for developing broad-spectrum therapeutics against current and continually emerging SARS-CoV-2 VoCs. Here we describe a diverse collection of 37 anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein nanobodies extensively characterized as both monovalent and IgG Fc-fused bivalent modalities. The nanobodies were collectively shown to have high intrinsic affinity; high thermal, thermodynamic and aerosolization stability; broad subunit/domain specificity and cross-reactivity across existing VoCs; wide-ranging epitopic and mechanistic diversity and high and broad in vitro neutralization potencies. A select set of Fc-fused nanobodies showed high neutralization efficacies in hamster models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reducing viral burden by up to six orders of magnitude to below detectable levels. In vivo protection was demonstrated with anti-RBD and previously unreported anti-NTD and anti-S2 nanobodies. This collection of nanobodies provides a potential therapeutic toolbox from which various cocktails or multi-paratopic formats could be built to combat multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Isolation and extensive characterization of a collection of 37 anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein nanobodies show broad neutralization efficacies in vitro and in vivo in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Wang Y, Xianyu Y. Nanobody and Nanozyme-Enabled Immunoassays with Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2101576. [PMID: 35266636 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassay as a rapid and convenient method for detecting a variety of targets has attracted tremendous interest with its high specificity and sensitivity. Among the commonly used immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been widely used as a gold standard method in various fields that consists of two main components including a recognition element and an enzyme label. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology, nanobodies and nanozymes enable immunoassays with enhanced specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional antibodies and natural enzymes. This review is focused on the applications of nanobodies and nanozymes in immunoassays. Nanobodies advantage lies in their small size, high specificity, mass expression, and high stability. Nanozymes with peroxidase, phosphatase, and oxidase activities and their applications in immunoassays are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and outlooks in terms of the use of nanobodies and the development of novel nanozymes in practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
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5
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Fatima B, Saeed U, Hussain D, Jawad SEZ, Rafiq HS, Majeed S, Manzoor S, Qadir SY, Ashiq MN, Najam-Ul-Haq M. Facile hydrothermal synthesis of NiTe nanorods for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of whole blood hemoglobin in pregnant anemic women. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1189:339204. [PMID: 34815043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing methods monitor biomolecules because of their specificity, rapid response, lower cost, and automation. Hemoglobin is an abundant protein in the human body and is correlated with various physiological processes. Levels of hemoglobin in blood are associated with anemia in pregnant women. In this research, a non-enzymatic sensor based on NiTe nanorods is developed for the detection and quantification of hemoglobin (Hb) from anemic pregnant patients. NiTe nanorods are synthesized by the single-step method. After characterizing the material, sensing parameters such as the effect of scan rate, pH, concentration, and interferences are optimized using standard hemoglobin samples. Linearity, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for NiTe nanorods are 0.99698, 0.012 nM, and 0.04 nM, respectively. Stability is measured by cyclic chronoamperometry (12 h) and voltammetry (100 cycles). Recovery of hemoglobin from blood samples is in the range of 63-90%. NiTe nanorods quantitatively determine hemoglobin from the blood samples of anemic pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Ummama Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shan-E-Zahra Jawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Sana Rafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Manzoor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem Ashiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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6
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Gao S, Guisán JM, Rocha-Martin J. Oriented immobilization of antibodies onto sensing platforms - A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1189:338907. [PMID: 34815045 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The immunosensor has been proven a versatile tool to detect various analytes, such as food contaminants, pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics and biomarkers related to cancer. To fabricate robust and reproducible immunosensors with high sensitivity, the covalent immobilization of immunoglobulins (IgGs) in a site-specific manner contributes to better performance. Instead of the random IgG orientations result from the direct yet non-selective immobilization techniques, this review for the first time introduces the advances of stepwise yet site-selective conjugation strategies to give better biosensing efficiency. Noncovalently adsorbing IgGs is the first but decisive step to interact specifically with the Fc fragment, then following covalent conjugate can fix this uniform and antigens-favorable orientation irreversibly. In this review, we first categorized this stepwise strategy into two parts based on the different noncovalent interactions, namely adhesive layer-mediated interaction onto homofunctional support and layer-free interaction onto heterofunctional support (which displays several different functionalities on its surface that are capable to interact with IgGs). Further, the influence of ligands characteristics (synthesis strategies, spacer requirements and matrices selection) on the heterofunctional support has also been discussed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives for the real-world application of stepwise covalent conjugation are discussed. This review provides more insights into the fabrication of high-efficiency immunosensor, and special attention has been devoted to the well-orientation of full-length IgGs onto the sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gao
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Guisán
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Scarrone M, González-Techera A, Alvez-Rosado R, Delfin-Riela T, Modernell Á, González-Sapienza G, Lassabe G. Development of anti-human IgM nanobodies as universal reagents for general immunodiagnostics. N Biotechnol 2021; 64:9-16. [PMID: 33984500 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanobodies are the smallest antibody fragments which bind to antigens with high affinity and specificity. Due to their outstanding physicochemical stability, simplicity and cost-effective production, nanobodies have become powerful agents in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In this work, the advantages of nanobodies were exploited to develop generic and standardized anti-human IgM reagents for serology and IgM+ B-cell analysis. Selection of anti-IgM nanobodies was carried out by evaluating their yields, stability, binding kinetics and cross-reactivity with other Ig isotypes. High affinity nanobodies were selected with dissociation constants (KDs) in the nM range and high sensitivities for detection of total IgM by ELISA. The nanobodies also proved to be useful for capturing IgM in the serodiagnosis of an acute infection as demonstrated by detection of specific IgM in sera of dengue virus patients. Finally, due to the lack of an Fc region, the selected nanobodies do not require Fc receptor blocking steps, facilitating the immunophenotyping of IgM+ cells by flow cytometry, an important means of diagnosis of immunodeficiencies and B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. This work describes versatile anti-IgM nanobodies that, due to their recombinant nature and ease of reproduction at low cost, may represent an advantageous alternative to conventional anti-IgM antibodies in research and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Scarrone
- Department of Immunology, DEPBIO, Faculty of Chemistry, Hygiene Institute, UDELAR, Av. A. Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés González-Techera
- Department of Immunology, DEPBIO, Faculty of Chemistry, Hygiene Institute, UDELAR, Av. A. Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Alvez-Rosado
- Department of Immunology, DEPBIO, Faculty of Chemistry, Hygiene Institute, UDELAR, Av. A. Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Triana Delfin-Riela
- Department of Immunology, DEPBIO, Faculty of Chemistry, Hygiene Institute, UDELAR, Av. A. Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gualberto González-Sapienza
- Department of Immunology, DEPBIO, Faculty of Chemistry, Hygiene Institute, UDELAR, Av. A. Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Gabriel Lassabe
- Department of Immunology, DEPBIO, Faculty of Chemistry, Hygiene Institute, UDELAR, Av. A. Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Delfin-Riela T, Rossotti M, Alvez-Rosado R, Leizagoyen C, González-Sapienza G. Highly Sensitive Detection of Zika Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 in Serum Samples by a Two-Site Nanobody ELISA. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121652. [PMID: 33317184 PMCID: PMC7763430 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus was introduced in Brazil in 2015 and, shortly after, spread all over the Americas. Nowadays, it remains present in more than 80 countries and represents a major threat due to some singularities among other flaviviruses. Due to its easy transmission, high percentage of silent cases, the severity of its associated complications, and the lack of prophylactic methods and effective treatments, it is essential to develop reliable and rapid diagnostic tests for early containment of the infection. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), a glycoprotein involved in all flavivirus infections, is secreted since the beginning of the infection into the blood stream and has proven to be a valuable biomarker for the early diagnosis of other flaviviral infections. Here, we describe the development of a highly sensitive nanobody ELISA for the detection of the NS1 protein in serum samples. Nanobodies were selected from a library generated from a llama immunized with Zika NS1 (ZVNS1) by a two-step high-throughput screening geared to identify the most sensitive and specific nanobody pairs. The assay was performed with a sub-ng/mL detection limit in the sera and showed excellent reproducibility and accuracy when validated with serum samples spiked with 0.80, 1.60, or 3.10 ng/mL of ZVNS1. Furthermore, the specificity of the developed ELISA was demonstrated using a panel of flavivirus’ NS1 proteins; this is of extreme relevance in countries endemic for more than one flavivirus. Considering that the nanobody sequences are provided, the assay can be reproduced in any laboratory at low cost, which may help to strengthen the diagnostic capacity of the disease even in low-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Delfin-Riela
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Química, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (T.D.-R.); (M.R.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Martín Rossotti
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Química, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (T.D.-R.); (M.R.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Romina Alvez-Rosado
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Química, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (T.D.-R.); (M.R.); (R.A.-R.)
| | | | - Gualberto González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Química, UDELAR, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (T.D.-R.); (M.R.); (R.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-2487-4334
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Silva-Pilipich N, Martisova E, Ballesteros-Briones MC, Hervas-Stubbs S, Casares N, González-Sapienza G, Smerdou C, Vanrell L. Long-Term Systemic Expression of a Novel PD-1 Blocking Nanobody from an AAV Vector Provides Antitumor Activity without Toxicity. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120562. [PMID: 33276580 PMCID: PMC7761623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to block programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 axis represents a promising treatment for cancer. However, it requires repetitive systemic administration of high mAbs doses, often leading to adverse effects. We generated a novel nanobody against PD-1 (Nb11) able to block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction for both mouse and human molecules. Nb11 was cloned into an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector downstream of four different promoters (CMV, CAG, EF1α, and SFFV) and its expression was analyzed in cells from rodent (BHK) and human origin (Huh-7). Nb11 was expressed at high levels in vitro reaching 2–20 micrograms/mL with all promoters, except SFFV, which showed lower levels. Nb11 in vivo expression was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice after intravenous administration of AAV8 vectors. Nb11 serum levels increased steadily along time, reaching 1–3 microgram/mL two months post-treatment with the vector having the CAG promoter (AAV-CAG-Nb11), without evidence of toxicity. To test the antitumor potential of this vector, mice that received AAV-CAG-Nb11, or saline as control, were challenged with colon adenocarcinoma cells (MC38). AAV-CAG-Nb11 treatment prevented tumor formation in 30% of mice, significantly increasing survival. These data suggest that continuous expression of immunomodulatory nanobodies from long-term expression vectors could have antitumor effects with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Silva-Pilipich
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (E.M.); (M.C.B.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.H.-S.); (N.C.)
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Eva Martisova
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (E.M.); (M.C.B.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.H.-S.); (N.C.)
| | - María Cristina Ballesteros-Briones
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (E.M.); (M.C.B.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.H.-S.); (N.C.)
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.H.-S.); (N.C.)
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.H.-S.); (N.C.)
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gualberto González-Sapienza
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.S.-P.); (E.M.); (M.C.B.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.H.-S.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +34-948194700 (C.S.); +598-29021505 (L.V.)
| | - Lucia Vanrell
- Cátedra de Inmunología, DEPBIO, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, UDELAR, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ORT, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +34-948194700 (C.S.); +598-29021505 (L.V.)
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10
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Vasudevan L, Stove CP. A novel nanobody-based bio-assay using functional complementation of a split nanoluciferase to monitor Mu- opioid receptor activation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8015-8022. [PMID: 32926202 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Mu opioid receptor (MOR) has been the subject of intense research over the past decades, especially in the field of analgesic therapeutics. It is the primary target for both clinical and recreational opioids. Recently, camelid-derived nanobodies have received significant attention due to their applicability in stabilizing the crystal structure of activated MOR, via specific recognition of and binding to the active receptor conformation. In the present study, we developed and applied a novel bio-assay to monitor MOR activation, utilizing intracellular expression of one such nanobody, Nb39. The principle of functional complementation of a split nanoluciferase was used to assess recruitment of Nb39 to MOR, following activation by a set of five synthetic opioids. The obtained pharmacological parameters-negative logarithm of EC50 (pEC50, as a measure of potency) and maximal response provoked by a ligand (Emax, as a measure of efficacy; relative to hydromorphone)-were compared with those obtained using a G protein recruitment assay, in which a mini-Gi protein (engineered GTPase domain of Gαi subunit) is recruited to activated MOR. Similar EC50 but distinct Emax values were obtained with both bio-assays, with lower Emax values for the Nb-based bio-assay. Both bio-assays may assist to gain better insight into activation of the MOR. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Vasudevan
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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