1
|
da Rosa Salles T, Zancanaro LV, da Silva Bruckmann F, Garcia WJ, de Oliveira AH, Baumann L, Rhoden DSB, Muller EI, Martinez DST, Mortari SR, Rhoden CRB. Magnetic graphene derivates for efficient herbicide removal from aqueous solution through adsorption. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:25437-25453. [PMID: 38472573 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an herbicide and is among the most widely distributed pollutant in the environment and wastewater. Herein is presented a complete comparison of adsorption performance between two different magnetic carbon nanomaterials: graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO). Magnetic functionalization was performed employing a coprecipitation method, using only one source of Fe2+, requiring low energy, and potentially allowing the control of the amount of incorporated magnetite. For the first time in literature, a green reduction approach for GO with and without Fe3O4, maintaining the magnetic behavior after the reaction, and an adsorption performance comparison between both carbon nanomaterials are demonstrated. The nanoadsorbents were characterized by FTIR, XRD, Raman, VSM, XPS, and SEM analyses, which demonstrates the successful synthesis of graphene derivate, with different amounts of incorporate magnetite, resulting in distinct magnetization values. The reduction was confirmed by XPS and FTIR techniques. The type of adsorbent reveals that the amount of magnetite on nanomaterial surfaces has significant influence on adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. The procedure demonstrated that the best performance, for magnetic nanocomposites, was obtained by GO∙Fe3O4 1:1 and rGO∙Fe3O4 1:1, presenting values of removal percentage of 70.49 and 91.19%, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity was reached at pH 2.0 for GO∙Fe3O4 1:1 (69.98 mg g-1) and rGO∙Fe3O4 1:1 (89.27 mg g-1), through different interactions: π-π, cation-π, and hydrogen bonds. The adsorption phenomenon exhibited a high dependence on pH, initial concentration of adsorbate, and coexisting ions. Sips and PSO models demonstrate the best adjustment for experimental data, suggesting a heterogeneous surface and different energy sites, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. Finally, the nanoadsorbents demonstrated a high efficiency in 2,4-D adsorption even after five adsorption/desorption cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoro da Rosa Salles
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, LaMMaN, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vidal Zancanaro
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, LaMMaN, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Jesus Garcia
- Department of Industrial Design, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Irineu Muller
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Diego Stefani Teodoro Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Roberto Mortari
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, LaMMaN, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rossato Viana A, Eduardo Lago Londero J, Pinheiro PN, Acosta P, Duailibe Silva L, Jacob-Lopes E, Ferreira Ourique A, Zepka LQ, Bohn Rhoden CR, Passaglia Schuch A, Franco C. Phytochemical analysis of carotenoid profile in Mentha piperita and Artemisia vulgaris: cytotoxicity in tumoral cells and evaluation of plasmid DNA cleavage. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2024; 87:199-214. [PMID: 38073506 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2291513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Several medicinal plants have been administered to cancer patients attributed to their anticarcinogenic and chemoprotective properties, in addition to lower toxicity compared to traditional therapies. The aim was to investigate the antioxidant properties and carotenoid composition of aqueous extracts of Mentha piperita or Artemisia vulgaris which were previously found to exert beneficial effects on human health through diet. aqueous extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity. A diversity of carotenoids was identified in these extracts using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Both extracts contained predominantly all-trans-lutein as the main component within this class. In order to investigate antioxidant properties, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) techniques were used. The (3-4,5 dimethylthiazol-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) and Crystal Violet assays assessed cellular cytotoxicity. Assessments of presence of reactive species were carried out following exposure of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-4) to various aqueous extracts of M piperita or A vulgaris utilizing dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Exposure to these extracts induced severe cytotoxic effects, which led to investigation of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying this observed effect. Data demonstrated that both solutions induced oxidative stress and DNA damage, especially at higher concentrations using agarose gel subjected to electrophoresis. It is known that exposure to excess amounts of antioxidants results in a prooxidant effect which is beneficial in cancer therapy. Further, the extracts were found to reduce viability of SCC-4 in culture, indicating that this antitumoral activity may be of therapeutic importance and requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altevir Rossato Viana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa-Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa-Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pricila Nass Pinheiro
- Department of Technology and Food Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Acosta
- Department of Technology and Food Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Duailibe Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa-Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Department of Technology and Food Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Leila Queiroz Zepka
- Department of Technology and Food Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
- Nanosciences Postgraduate Program, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanoestructurated Magnetic Materials - LaMMaN, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa-Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Franco
- Master's in Health and Life Sciences, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stefanello R, da Silva Garcia WJ, Rossato Viana A, da Rosa Salles T, Bohn Rhoden CR. Graphene oxide decreases the effects of salt stress on Persian clover seed germination. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2024; 87:47-56. [PMID: 37882219 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2274338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Among biotic and abiotic stresses, the most restrictive for plant distribution is salt stress, where different concentrations might exert harmful effects on seed germination. Recently, nanomaterials were used successfully to mitigate these stresses, indicating that plants may be able to develop normally in adverse conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the germination of Persian clover seedlings under salt stress conditions. Following sown on substrate paper, seeds were tested after exposure to different concentrations of graphene oxide (0, 125, 250, or 500 mg L-1 GO), sodium chloride (0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3, or -0.4 MPa NaCl) and/or GO + salt concomitantly, and then stored for 7 days in a germination chamber at 20°C in the presence of light. Seed germination and growth parameters of seedlings were determined. Graphene oxide demonstrated protective effect against salt stress as evident by no marked adverse effects on seed germination where GO blocked the salt-induced reduction in germination. The results obtained provide references for the safe application of nanomaterials and emphasize the significance of GO as a promising material for reducing the toxicity of salts in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Stefanello
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Altevir Rossato Viana
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jaramillo-Fierro X, Ramón J, Valarezo E. Cyanide Removal by ZnTiO 3/TiO 2/H 2O 2/UVB System: A Theoretical-Experimental Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16446. [PMID: 38003635 PMCID: PMC10671060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic substance present in wastewater from various industries. This study investigates the removal of cyanide species (CS) from aqueous solutions using the ZnTiO3/TiO2/H2O2/UVB system. ZnTiO3/TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel method were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The adsorption capacity of nanoparticles was tested by varying the pH of the solution, adsorbent concentration, and contact time. The adsorption of CS on ZnTiO3 and TiO2 surfaces was verified by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Photocatalytic experiments were achieved under UVB irradiation (λ = 310 nm). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the CS removal efficiency. The detoxification effect was evaluated by acute toxicity tests with brine shrimp. The theoretical results show that the adsorption of CS is energetically more favorable on the ZnTiO3 surface than on the TiO2 surface. The experimental results show that the system consisting of ZnTiO3/TiO2 (200 mg L-1), H2O2 (0.1%), and UVB light removes 99% of CS from aqueous solutions after 60 min and reduces the mortality of nauplii in 90% after 90 min. This system was reused in five consecutive cycles with a total loss of efficiency of 30%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - John Ramón
- Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - Eduardo Valarezo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rossato Viana A, Rapachi Fortes C, Rodrigues P, Ribeiro S, Maria Heinzmann B, Alves da Cunha M, Cristina Zeppenfeld C, da Silva Fernandes L, Wagner R, Baldisserotto B, Figueiredo HX, Gonçalves NN, de Moraes Chitolina AB, Justen CE, Dellaméa Baldissera M. Impact of dietary supplementation with Cinnamomum cassia essential oil on silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen): Toxicological effects and muscle antioxidant and fatty acid profiles. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:313-325. [PMID: 37010980 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2198564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects of dietary supplementation with 0.05% and 0.1% cinnamon essential oil extracted from Cinnamomum cassia on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly higher in fish supplemented with 0.05% cinnamon essential oil than in the control(untreated) group. Muscle reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels were significantly lower in fish supplemented with 0.05% cinnamon essential oil but higher at the 0.1% concentration. Muscle antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly higher in fish supplemented with 0.05% cinnamon essential oil, while ACAP levels were lower in fish supplemented with 0.1%. The total saturated fatty acid content was significantly higher in the muscle of supplemented fish than in controls, while the total monounsaturated fatty acid content was significantly higher only in fish fed 0.1% cinnamon essential oil. Finally, the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower in fish fed 0.1% essential oil. Thus, data demonstrated that 0.05% C. cassia essential oil improves fish health by improving performance and muscle oxidant/antioxidant status. Higher doses of cinnamon essential oil produced oxidative stress in muscle, suggesting toxicity at the 0.1% level. Although this cinnamon essential oil diet exerted positive health effects, this diet impaired the muscle fatty acid profile, suggesting adverse impacts on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Ribeiro
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Alves da Cunha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Zeppenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Rosa Salles T, Schnorr C, da Silva Bruckmann F, Cassol Vicensi E, Rossato Viana A, Passaglia Schuch A, de Jesus da Silva Garcia W, F. O. Silva L, Harres de Oliveira A, Roberto Mortari S, Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden C. Effective Diuretic Drug Uptake Employing Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes Derivatives: Adsorption study and In vitro Geno-Cytotoxic Assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
7
|
Pompeu LD, Viana AR, Fernandes LDS, da Silva WL. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species and nitrous oxide of nanochitosan from shrimp shell. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123730. [PMID: 36801308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the biological activity of nanochitosan (NQ) prepared from shrimp, showing an innovative character and correlating with sustainable development, in promoting an alternative to the solid waste (shrimp) shell and a biological application of the novel nanomaterial. The NQ synthesis was carried out by the alkaline deacetylation process of chitin obtained of the demineralization, deproteinization and deodorization steps from shrimp shells. NQ was characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), N2 porosimetry (BET/BJH methods), zeta potential (ZP) and zero charge point (pHZCP). To evaluate the safety profile was carried out the cytotoxicity, DCFHA and NO tests in 293T and HaCat cell lines. Regarding the cell viability, NQ did not show toxicity for the tested cell lines. In the evaluation of the ROS production and NO tests, there was no increase in the levels of free radicals and between the negative control, respectively. Therefore, NQ does not present cytotoxicity in the cell lines tested (10, 30, 100 and 300 μg mL-1), proposing new perspectives on the use of NQ as a potential nanomaterial for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenise Deon Pompeu
- Nanoscience Graduate Program, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rossato Viana A, Godoy Noro B, Santos D, Wolf K, Sudatti Das Neves Y, Moresco RN, Ourique AF, Moraes Flores EM, Rhoden CRB, Maria Fontanari Krause L, Stefanello Vizzotto B. Detection of new phytochemical compounds from Vassobia breviflora (Sendtn.) Hunz: antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activity of the hexane extract. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:51-68. [PMID: 36543759 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2156956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vassobia breviflora (Sendtn.) Hunz is a plant of the Solanaceae family from South America and there are no apparent studies reported on the biological activity of the hexane extract. The aim of this investigation was to conduct phytochemical analyses using ESI-TOF-MS, while antioxidant activities were evaluated by the following methods 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 2,2"-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical capture (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Antimicrobial activities were performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antibiofilm formed. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and dsDNA PicoGreen tests, beyond the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) determined by Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The hexane extract showed the presence of 5 (choline, pantothenic acid, calystegine B, lanciphodylactone I, and 15"-cis-zeaxanthin) compounds detected. V. breviflora extract demonstrated reliable results utilizing different antioxidant methods. In antibacterial activity, V. breviflora extract exhibited inhibitory, bactericidal, and antibiofilm action in biofilm-forming bacteria. The hexane extract exhibited cytotoxicity against melanoma, lung cancer, glioblastoma, leukemia, uterine colon, and hepatocarcinoma tumor cells. In addition, all tested strains resulted in increased production of ROS. This plant extract may be considered in future as an alternative for development of new therapeutic options aimed at the treatment of diverse pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Godoy Noro
- Biomedicine undergraduate course, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Katianne Wolf
- Nanosciences Postgraduate Program, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Sudatti Das Neves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
- Nanosciences Postgraduate Program, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestuturados - LaMMaN
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nunes FB, da Silva Bruckmann F, da Rosa Salles T, Rhoden CRB. Study of phenobarbital removal from the aqueous solutions employing magnetite-functionalized chitosan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:12658-12671. [PMID: 36114403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to its wide use in anticonvulsant pharmacotherapy, phenobarbital (PHEN) is an aquatic contaminant with a high prevalence in the environment. In this adsorption study, chitosan and chitosan-based magnetic adsorbents containing different amounts of incorporated magnetite (CS, CS·Fe3O4 1:1, CS·Fe3O4 1:5, and CS·Fe3O4 1:10) were used for phenobarbital removal. The magnetic adsorbents were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized through FTIR, XRD, MEV, and VSM analysis. In PHEN adsorption, the equilibrium and adsorption kinetic were better adjusted by the Sips and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Among the four nanoadsorbents used, the maximum phenobarbital adsorption capacity was 94.60 mg g-1 using 25 mg of CS·Fe3O4 1:5, with a concentration of PHEN (50 mg L-1), pH 7.0 at room temperature. The parameters of pH, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, and thermodynamic study were tested for the adsorbent with the highest performance (CS·Fe3O4 1:5). The nanoadsorbent demonstrates efficiency in the removal of the contaminant for diverse adsorption cycles. Finally, the protocol employing magnetic adsorbents dispenses the subsequent steps of filtration and centrifugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Batista Nunes
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele da Silva Bruckmann
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Theodoro da Rosa Salles
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|