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Zhu Y, Chai XX, Zhao Y, Feng Q, Dong R, Shi MJ, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Peng J, Tian Y, Chen G, Luo C, Sheng J. Saturated fatty acids synergizes cadmium to induce macrophages M1 polarization and hepatic inflammation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 259:115040. [PMID: 37235898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the toxic metal cadmium (Cd) is a well-established risk factor for hepatic inflammation, but it remains unclear how metabolic components, such as different fatty acids (FAs), interact with Cd to influence this process. Understanding these interactions is essential for identifying potential preventative and therapeutic targets for this disorder. To address this question, we conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the combinatorial effect of Cd and saturated FAs on hepatic inflammation. Specifically, we assessed the cytotoxicity of Cd on macrophages and their polarization and inflammatory activation upon co-exposure to Cd and saturated FAs. Our results showed that while saturated FAs had minimal impact on the cytotoxicity of Cd on macrophages, they significantly collaborated with Cd in predisposing macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory M1 polarization, thereby promoting inflammatory activation. This joint effect of Cd and saturated FAs resulted in persistent inflammation and hepatic steatohepatitis in vivo. In summary, our study identified macrophage polarization as a novel mechanism by which co-exposure to Cd and saturated lipids induces hepatic inflammation. Our findings suggest that intervening in macrophage polarization may be a potential approach for mitigating the adverse hepatic effects of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Chai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases (Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital), Guiyang, China
| | - Meng-Jie Shi
- MD-PhD Program, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxuan Peng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youjia Tian
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Luo
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine of Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Hung HC, Tsai SF, Chou HW, Tsai MJ, Hsu PL, Kuo YM. Dietary fatty acids differentially affect secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human THP-1 monocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5511. [PMID: 37016048 PMCID: PMC10073224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a major population of circulating immune cells that play a crucial role in producing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. The actions of monocytes are known to be influenced by the combinations and concentrations of certain fatty acids (FAs) in blood and dietary fats. However, systemic comparisons of the effects of FAs on cytokine secretion by monocytes have not be performed. In this study, we compared how six saturated FAs (SFAs), two monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and seven polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) modulate human THP-1 monocyte secretion of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide. SFAs generally stimulated resting THP-1 cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, with stearic acid being the most potent species. In contrast, MUFAs and PUFAs inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the inhibitory potentials of MUFAs and PUFAs followed U-shaped (TNF and IL-1β) or inverted U-shaped (IL-6) dose-response curves. Among the MUFAs and PUFAs that were analyzed, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) exhibited the largest number of double bonds and was found to be the most potent anti-inflammatory compound. Together, our findings reveal that the chemical compositions and concentrations of dietary FAs are key factors in the intricate regulation of monocyte-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chang Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Wen Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, An-Nan-Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 709204, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Mbiri JW, Ogila K, Kisangau P, Gicheru M. Terminalia brownii Fresen: Stem Bark Dichloromethane Extract Alleviates Pyrogallol-Induced Suppression of Innate Immune Responses in Swiss Albino Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023; 2023:9293335. [PMID: 36865749 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9293335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia brownii is widely used in folklore medicine and has diverse biological activities. However, its effect on the immune system is yet to be studied. Therefore, our study evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of T. brownii on nonspecific immunity. Innate immunity is the initial defence phase against pathogens or injuries. Dichloromethane plant extracts were tested on female Swiss albino mice and Wister rats. The effect of the extract on innate immunity was assessed via total and differential leukocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages. The 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was employed for viability testing. Phytochemical profiling was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while toxicity studies were carried out following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Our results demonstrated that administration of T. brownii stem bark dichloromethane extract to pyrogallol-immuno compromised mice significantly (p < 0.05) increased total and differential leukocyte counts compared with the control. The extract showed no adverse effect on the viability of Vero cells and macrophages and significantly (p < 0.05) augmented tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production. Hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, octadecanoic acid, squalene, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, all of which stimulate, were identified in the extract. The extract did not cause any death or toxic signs in rats. In conclusion, T. brownii dichloromethane extract has an immunoenhancing effect on innate immune responses and is not toxic. The observed immunoenhancing impact of the extract was attributed to the presence of the identified compounds. The results of this study provide crucial ethnopharmacological leads towards the development of novel immunomodulators for managing immune-related disorders.
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Yang ZH, Nill K, Takechi-Haraya Y, Playford MP, Nguyen D, Yu ZX, Pryor M, Tang J, Rojulpote KV, Mehta NN, Wen H, Remaley AT. Differential Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Soybean Oil Enriched in Oleic Acid versus Linoleic Acid on Plasma Lipids and Atherosclerosis in LDLR-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158385. [PMID: 35955518 PMCID: PMC9369370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Both monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in lipid metabolism, and diets enriched with either of these two fatty acids are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. Conventional soybean oil (CSO), a common food ingredient, predominantly contains linoleic acid (LA; C18:2), a n-6 PUFA. Recently, a modified soybean oil (MSO) enriched in oleic acid (C18:1), a n-9 MUFA, has been developed, because of its improved chemical stability to oxidation. However, the effect of the different dietary soybean oils on cardiovascular disease remains unknown. To test whether diets rich in CSO versus MSO would attenuate atherosclerosis development, LDL receptor knock-out (LDLR-KO) mice were fed a Western diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (control), or a Western diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) LA-rich CSO or high-oleic MSO for 12 weeks. Both soybean oils contained a similar amount of linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). The CSO diet decreased plasma lipid levels and the cholesterol content of VLDL and LDL by approximately 18% (p < 0.05), likely from increased hepatic levels of PUFA, which favorably regulated genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. The MSO diet, but not the CSO diet, suppressed atherosclerotic plaque size compared to the Western control diet (Control Western diet: 6.5 ± 0.9%; CSO diet: 6.4 ± 0.7%; MSO diet: 4.0 ± 0.5%) (p < 0.05), independent of plasma lipid level changes. The MSO diet also decreased the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in the liver (Control Western diet: 4.5 ± 0.2; CSO diet: 6.1 ± 0.2; MSO diet: 2.9 ± 0.2) (p < 0.05), which correlated with favorable hepatic gene expression changes in lipid metabolism and markers of systemic inflammation. In conclusion, supplementation of the Western diet with MSO, but not CSO, reduced atherosclerosis development in LDLR-KO mice independent of changes in plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-496-6220
| | - Kimball Nill
- Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council, 1020 Innovation Lane, Mankato, MN 56001, USA;
| | - Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.P.P.); (N.N.M.)
| | - David Nguyen
- Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.P.P.); (N.N.M.)
| | - Han Wen
- Laboratory of Imaging Physics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (D.N.); (H.W.)
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive MSC 1666, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.T.-H.); (M.P.); (J.T.); (K.V.R.); (A.T.R.)
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Schuldt L, von Brandenstein K, Jacobs C, Symmank J. Oleic acid-related anti-inflammatory effects in force-stressed PdL fibroblasts are mediated by H3 lysine acetylation associated with altered IL10 expression. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1892-1904. [PMID: 35763686 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2090654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of a spatially and temporally limited inflammation is essential for tissue and bone remodelling by the periodontal ligament (PdL) located between teeth and alveolar bone. Nutritional components may cause alterations in the inflammatory response of PdL fibroblasts to mechanical stress such as those occurring during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Recently, we reported an attenuated pro-inflammatory response of human PdL fibroblasts (HPdLFs) to compressive forces when stimulated with oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid particularly prominent in the Mediterranean diet. Fatty acids could serve as alternative source of acetyl-CoA, thereby affecting epigenetic histone marks, such as histone 3 lysine acetylation (H3Kac) in a lipid metabolism-dependent manner. In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent to which OA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in compressed HPdLFs via changes in H3Kac. Six-hour compressed HPdLFs showed increased H3Kac when cultured with OA. Inhibition of histone deacetylases resulted in a comparable IL10-increase as observed in compressed OA-cultures. In contrast, inhibition of histone acetyltransferases, particularly p300/CBP, in compressed HPdLFs exposed to OA normalized the inflammatory response to control levels. OA-dependent increased association of H3Kac to IL10 promoter regions in compressed HPdLFs further strengthened the assumption that OA exhibits its anti-inflammatory properties via modulation of this epigenetic mark. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests that nutritional components can directly affect PdL cells via changes in their epigenetic code. Since epigenetic inhibitors are already widely used clinically, they may hold promise for novel approaches for personalized orthodontic treatment that incorporates nutritional and metabolism-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schuldt
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Schuldt L, Reimann M, von Brandenstein K, Steinmetz J, Döding A, Schulze-späte U, Jacobs C, Symmank J. Palmitate-Triggered COX2/PGE2-Related Hyperinflammation in Dual-Stressed PdL Fibroblasts Is Mediated by Repressive H3K27 Trimethylation. Cells 2022; 11:955. [PMID: 35326406 PMCID: PMC8946768 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interrelationships between periodontal disease, obesity-related hyperlipidemia and mechanical forces and their modulating effects on the epigenetic profile of periodontal ligament (PdL) cells are assumed to be remarkably complex. The PdL serves as a connective tissue between teeth and alveolar bone and is involved in pathogen defense and the inflammatory responses to mechanical stimuli occurring during tooth movement. Altered inflammatory signaling could promote root resorption and tooth loss. Hyperinflammatory COX2/PGE2 signaling was reported for human PdL fibroblasts (HPdLFs) concomitantly stressed with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides and compressive force after exposure to palmitic acid (PA). The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which this was modulated by global and gene-specific changes in histone modifications. The expression of key epigenetic players and global H3Kac and H3K27me3 levels were quantitatively evaluated in dual-stressed HPdLFs exposed to PA, revealing a minor force-related reduction in repressive H3K27me3. UNC1999-induced H3K27me3 inhibition reversed the hyperinflammatory responses of dual-stressed PA cultures characterized by increased COX2 expression, PGE2 secretion and THP1 adhesion. The reduced expression of the gene encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the increased presence of H3K27me3 at its promoter-associated sites were reversed by inhibitor treatment. Thus, the data highlight an important epigenetic interplay between the different stimuli to which the PdL is exposed.
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Müller AK, Albrecht F, Rohrer C, Koeberle A, Werz O, Schlörmann W, Glei M, Lorkowski S, Wallert M. Olive Oil Extracts and Oleic Acid Attenuate the LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Murine RAW264.7 Macrophages but Induce the Release of Prostaglandin E2. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124437. [PMID: 34959989 PMCID: PMC8703532 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil contains high amounts of oleic acid (OA). Although OA has been described to inhibit inflammatory processes, the effects of olive oil on cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, we compared the effects of major fatty acids (FA) from olive oil with those of olive oil extracts (OOE) on inflammatory mediators and alterations in the cellular phospholipid composition in murine macrophages. Upon treatment with different OOE, FA compositions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages were analyzed using gas chromatography. Olive oil extracts and OA significantly reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos), cyclooxygenase (Cox2), and interleukin-6 mRNA. In addition, a significant decrease in Cox2 and iNos protein expression was observed. The formation of nitric oxide was significantly reduced, while the formation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 from arachidonic acid significantly increased after treatment with OOE or OA. The latter was associated with a shift in the phospholipid FA composition from arachidonic acid to OA, resulting in an elevated availability of arachidonic acid. Together, OOE and OA mediate anti-inflammatory effects in vitro but increase the release of arachidonic acid and hereinafter PGE2, likely due to elongation of OA and competitive incorporation of fatty acids into membrane phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Katharina Müller
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.M.); (F.A.); (C.R.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany; (W.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Franziska Albrecht
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.M.); (F.A.); (C.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Carsten Rohrer
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.M.); (F.A.); (C.R.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany; (W.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Michael Popp Institute, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Wiebke Schlörmann
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany; (W.S.); (M.G.)
- Department of Applied Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Glei
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany; (W.S.); (M.G.)
- Department of Applied Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.M.); (F.A.); (C.R.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany; (W.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Wallert
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.K.M.); (F.A.); (C.R.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany; (W.S.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9-49727
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Symmank J, Appel S, Bastian JA, Knaup I, Marciniak J, Hennig CL, Döding A, Schulze-Späte U, Jacobs C, Wolf M. Hyperlipidemic Conditions Impact Force-Induced Inflammatory Response of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Concomitantly Challenged with P. gingivalis-LPS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6069. [PMID: 34199865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In obese patients, enhanced serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), such as palmitate (PA) or oleate (OA), are associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory markers. Bacterial infection during periodontal disease also promotes local and systemic low-grade inflammation. How both conditions concomitantly impact tooth movement is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to address the changes in cytokine expression and the secretion of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) due to hyperlipidemic conditions, when additionally stressed by bacterial and mechanical stimuli. To investigate the impact of obesity-related hyperlipidemic FFA levels on HPdLF, cells were treated with 200 µM PA or OA prior to the application of 2 g/cm2 compressive force. To further determine the additive impact of bacterial infection, HPdLF were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) obtained from Porphyromonas gingivalis. In mechanically compressed HPdLF, PA enhanced COX2 expression and PGE2 secretion. When mechanically stressed HPdLF were additionally stimulated with LPS, the PGE2 and IL6 secretion, as well as monocyte adhesion, were further increased in PA-treated cultures. Our data emphasize that a hyperlipidemic condition enhances the susceptibility of HPdLF to an excessive inflammatory response to compressive forces, when cells are concomitantly exposed to bacterial components.
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Bilal M, Qindeel M, Nunes LV, Duarte MTS, Ferreira LFR, Soriano RN, Iqbal HMN. Marine-Derived Biologically Active Compounds for the Potential Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mar Drugs 2020; 19:10. [PMID: 33383638 PMCID: PMC7823916 DOI: 10.3390/md19010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence rate of up to 1% and is significantly considered a common worldwide public health concern. Commercially, several traditional formulations are available to treat RA to some extent. However, these synthetic compounds exert toxicity and considerable side effects even at lower therapeutic concentrations. Considering the above-mentioned critiques, research is underway around the world in finding and exploiting potential alternatives. For instance, marine-derived biologically active compounds have gained much interest and are thus being extensively utilized to confront the confines of in practice counterparts, which have become ineffective for 21st-century medical settings. The utilization of naturally available bioactive compounds and their derivatives can minimize these synthetic compounds' problems to treat RA. Several marine-derived compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can be effectively used for therapeutic purposes against RA. The results of several studies ensured that the extraction of biologically active compounds from marine sources could provide a new and safe source for drug development against RA. Finally, current challenges, gaps, and future perspectives have been included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Maimoona Qindeel
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Leonardo Vieira Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG 36036-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil;
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares-MG 35010-180, Brazil;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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10
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Tan M, Ye J, Zhou Z, Ke X, Yu X, Huang K. Fatty Acid Metabolism in Immune Cells: A Bioinformatics Analysis of Genes Involved in Ulcerative Colitis. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1573-1582. [PMID: 32678986 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many immune cells participate in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), and fatty acid metabolism (FAM) is reported to supporting their cell-specific functions and proliferation, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FAM and inflammation in colon tissues and identify potential therapeutic targets for regulating immune response. A total of 870 different expression genes (DEGs), 304 immunity-related DEGs, and 11 FAM-related DEGs were obtained, gene ontology analysis results showed that immune DEGs were significantly enriched in neutrophil migration, positive regulation of T cell activation. Fifteen types of immune cells were identified in inflamed colon tissues. Five FAM-related DEGs (ACOX1, ACSL4, ELOVL5, FADS2, and SCD) were highly correlated with immunity-related DEGs, and ACSL4, ELOVL5, and FADS2 were significantly upregulated in immune cells, while SCD is downregulated. Five FAM-related DEGs were highly correlated with immune cells. The study promotes the understanding of the pathogenesis of FAM in UC immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiao Tan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintong Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zunming Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keer Huang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Bolotta A, Pini A, Abruzzo PM, Ghezzo A, Modesti A, Gamberi T, Ferreri C, Bugamelli F, Fortuna F, Vertuani S, Manfredini S, Zucchini C, Marini M. Effects of tocotrienol supplementation in Friedreich's ataxia: A model of oxidative stress pathology. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:201-212. [PMID: 31795754 PMCID: PMC7045332 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219890873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired mitochondrial function, resulting in oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed at evaluating whether tocotrienol, a phytonutrient that diffuses easily in tissues with saturated fatty layers, could complement the current treatment with idebenone, a quinone analogue with antioxidant properties. Five young Friedreich’s ataxia patients received a low-dose tocotrienol supplementation (5 mg/kg/day), while not discontinuing idebenone treatment. Several oxidative stress markers and biological parameters related to oxidative stress were evaluated at the time of initiation of treatment and 2 and 12 months post-treatment. Some oxidative stress-related parameters and some inflammation indices were altered in Friedreich’s ataxia patients taking idebenone alone and tended to be normal values following tocotrienol supplementation; likewise, a cardiac magnetic resonance study showed some improvement following one-year tocotrienol treatment. The pathway by which tocotrienol affects the Nrf2 modulation of hepcidin gene expression, a peptide involved in iron handling and in inflammatory responses, is viewed in the light of the disruption of the iron intracellular distribution and of the Nrf2 anergy characterizing Friedreich’s ataxia. This research provides a suitable model to analyze the efficacy of therapeutic strategies able to counteract the excess free radicals in Friedreich’s ataxia, and paves the way to long-term clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bolotta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Antonella Pini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Provvidenza M Abruzzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bugamelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Filippo Fortuna
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro 61121, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Zucchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan 20148, Italy
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12
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Kumar NG, Contaifer D, Madurantakam P, Carbone S, Price ET, Van Tassell B, Brophy DF, Wijesinghe DS. Dietary Bioactive Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Function: Implications on Human Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2974. [PMID: 31817430 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease that can influence the immune status of the individual and contribute to persistent low-grade inflammation. In recent years, there has been an increased appreciation of the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in improving immune function and reduction of systemic inflammation via the modulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on immune cells. Extensive research on the use of bioactive lipids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their metabolites have illustrated the importance of these pro-resolving lipid mediators in modulating signaling through PRRs. While their mechanism of action, bioavailability in the blood, and their efficacy for clinical use forms an active area of research, they are found widely administered as marine animal-based supplements like fish oil and krill oil to promote health. The focus of this review will be to discuss the effect of these bioactive fatty acids and their metabolites on immune cells and the resulting inflammatory response, with a brief discussion about modern methods for their analysis using mass spectrometry-based methods.
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13
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Pegoraro NS, Camponogara C, Gehrcke M, Giuliani LM, da Silva DT, Maurer LH, Dias P, Emanuelli T, Cruz L, Oliveira SM. Oleic acid-containing semisolid dosage forms exhibit in vivo anti-inflammatory effect via glucocorticoid receptor in a UVB radiation-induced skin inflammation model. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:773-786. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Camporez JP, Lyu K, Goldberg EL, Zhang D, Cline GW, Jurczak MJ, Dixit VD, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Anti-inflammatory effects of oestrogen mediate the sexual dimorphic response to lipid-induced insulin resistance. J Physiol 2019; 597:3885-3903. [PMID: 31206703 DOI: 10.1113/jp277270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Oestrogen has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in both human and rodent studies. Insulin sensitivity is greater in premenopausal women compared with age-matched men, and metabolism-related cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes are less frequent in these same women. Both female and male mice treated with oestradiol are protected against obesity-induced insulin resistance. The protection against obesity-induced insulin resistance is associated with reduced ectopic lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle. These results were associated with increased insulin-stimulated suppression of white adipose tissue lipolysis and reduced inflammation. ABSTRACT Oestrogen has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in both human and rodent studies. Overall, females are protected against obesity-induced insulin resistance; yet, the mechanisms responsible for this protection are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the underlying mechanism(s) by which female mice are protected against obesity-induced insulin resistance compared with male mice. We studied male and female mice in age-matched or body weight-matched conditions. They were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or regular chow for 4 weeks. We also studied HFD male mice treated with oestradiol or vehicle. Both HFD female and HFD male mice treated with oestradiol displayed increased whole-body insulin sensitivity, associated with reduction in ectopic hepatic and muscle lipid content compared to HFD male mice. Reductions in ectopic lipid content in these mice were associated with increased insulin-stimulated suppression of white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis. Both HFD female and HFD male mice treated with oestradiol also displayed striking reductions in WAT inflammation, represented by reductions in plasma and adipose tissue tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 concentrations. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that HFD female mice are protected from obesity-induced insulin resistance due to oestradiol-mediated reductions in WAT inflammation, leading to improved insulin-mediated suppression of WAT lipolysis and reduced ectopic lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Camporez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Kun Lyu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Emily L Goldberg
- Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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15
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Kim SM, Neuendorff N, Earnest DJ. Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Feedback Modulation of Circadian Clock Gene Rhythms by Saturated Fatty Acids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8909. [PMID: 31222133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory signaling cascades have been implicated in the mechanism by which high fat diet (HFD) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) modulate fundamental circadian properties of peripheral clocks. Because the cytokines TNFα and IL-6 are key signals in HFD- and SFA-induced proinflammatory responses that ultimately lead to systemic insulin resistance, the present study examined the roles of these cytokines in the feedback modulation of peripheral circadian clocks by the proinflammatory SFA, palmitate. IL-6 and TNFα secretion in Bmal1-dLuc fibroblast cultures was increased during palmitate treatment although the time course and amplitude of the inductive response differed between these cytokines. Similar to the time-dependent phase shifts observed in response to palmitate, treatment with IL-6 or with the low dose (0.1 ng/ml) of TNFα at hour 12 (i.e., after forskolin synchronization) induced phase advances of fibroblast Bmal1-dLuc rhythms. In complementary experiments, treatment with neutralizing antibodies against these proinflammatory cytokines or their receptors to inhibit of IL-6- or TNFα-mediated signaling repressed palmitate-induced phase shifts of the fibroblast clock. These studies suggest that TNFα, IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines may mediate the feedback modulation of peripheral circadian clocks by SFA-induced inflammatory signaling.
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16
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Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Korbecki J, Rębacz-Maron E, Barczak K, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D. Fatty acid levels alterations in THP-1 macrophages cultured with lead (Pb). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:222-231. [PMID: 30732887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As cardiovascular events are one of the main causes of death in developed countries, each factor potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease deserves special attention. One such factor is the potentially atherogenic effect of lead (Pb) on lipid metabolism, and is significant in view of the still considerable Pb environmental pollution and the non-degradability of Pb compounds. METHODS Analysis of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (caprylic acid (C8:0), decanoic acid (C10:0), lauric acid (C12:0), tridecanoic acid (C13:0), myristic acid (C14:0), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and behenic acid (C22:0)), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (18:1w9), trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans11)), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (linoleic acid (C18:2n6), gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n6), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)), was conducted by gas chromatography. Analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) expression was performed using qRT-PCR. Oxidative stress intensity (malondialdehyde - MDA concentration) was measured using spectrophotometric method. Intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively measured by plate reader. RESULTS Pb caused quantitative alterations in FAs profile in macrophages; the effect was Pb-concentration dependent and selective (i.e. concerned only selected FAs). In general, the effect of Pb was biphasic, with Pb levels of 1.25 μg/dL and 2.5 μg/dL being stimulatory, and 10 μg/dL being inhibitory on concentrations of selected FAs. The most potent Pb concentration, resulting in increase in levels of 9 FAs, was 2.5 μg/dL, the Pb-level corresponding to the mean blood Pb concentrations of people living in urban areas not contaminated by Pb. Pb was found to exert similar, biphasic effect on the expression of FADS1. However, Pb decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, the expression of SCD and FADS2. Pb significantly increased MDA and ROS concentration in macrophages. CONCLUSION Environmental Pb exposure might be a risk factor resulting in alterations in FAs levels, oxidative stress and increased MDA concentration in macrophages, which might lead to the formation of foam cells and to inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 St., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- University of Szczecin, Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 St., 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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17
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Müller AK, Schmölz L, Wallert M, Schubert M, Schlörmann W, Glei M, Lorkowski S. In Vitro Digested Nut Oils Attenuate the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Nutrients 2019; 11:E503. [PMID: 30818812 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption is known for its health benefits, in particular in inflammatory diseases. A possible mechanism for these effects could be their beneficial fatty acid composition. Nuts mainly contain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies investigating the effects of nut extracts on inflammatory processes on the molecular level are rare. We therefore prepared oily nut extracts after in vitro digestion and saponification of the fat-soluble constituents. Besides chromatographic analysis, cell culture experiments were performed using murine macrophages (RAW264.7) to study the capacity of different nut extracts (hazelnut, almond, walnut, macadamia, and pistachio) to modulate inflammatory processes. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid in hazelnut, almond, macadamia, and pistachio extracts. Both oily nut extracts and pure oleic acid significantly reduced the LPS-induced expression of iNos, Cox2, Tnfα, Il1β, and Il6 mRNAs. iNos protein expression was down-regulated followed by reduced nitric oxide formation. Thus, nut extracts at concentrations achievable in the digestive tract inhibit the expression and formation of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Hence, a beneficial contribution of nut consumption to inflammatory diseases can be assumed. We are convinced that these results provide new insights on the molecular mechanisms involved in the health-beneficial effects of nuts.
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18
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Matassoli FL, Leão IC, Bezerra BB, Pollard RB, Lütjohann D, Hildreth JEK, Arruda LB. Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin Reduces Inflammatory Signaling from Monocytes: Possible Implications for Suppression of HIV Chronic Immune Activation. mSphere 2018; 3:e00497-18. [PMID: 30404938 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00497-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes from HIV-infected patients produce increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with chronic immune activation and AIDS progression. Chronic immune activation is often not restored even in patients showing viral suppression under ART. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies to control inflammation and modulate immune activation are required. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-BCD) is a cholesterol-sequestering agent that has been reported to be safe for human use in numerous pharmaceutical applications and that has been shown to inactivate HIV in vitro and to control SIV infection in vivo Since cellular cholesterol content or metabolism has been related to altered cellular activation, we evaluated whether HP-BCD treatment could modulate monocyte response to inflammatory stimuli. Treatment of monocytes isolated from HIV-positive and HIV-negative donors with HP-BCD inhibited the expression of CD36 and TNF-α after LPS stimulation, independent of raft disruption. Accordingly, HP-BCD-treated cells showed significant reduction of TNF-α and IL-10 secretion, which was associated with lower mRNA expression. LPS-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation was dampened by HP-BCD treatment, indicating this pathway as a target for HP-BCD-mediated anti-inflammatory response. The expression of HLA-DR was also reduced in monocytes and dendritic cells treated with HP-BCD, which could hinder T cell activation by these cells. Our data suggest that, besides its well-known antiviral activity, HP-BCD could have an immunomodulatory effect, leading to decreased inflammatory responses mediated by antigen-presenting cells, which may impact HIV pathogenesis and AIDS progression.IMPORTANCE Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of HIV infection and is often not controlled even in patients under antiretroviral therapy. Indeed, chronic diseases with inflammatory pathogenesis are being reported as major causes of death for HIV-infected persons. Hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin (HP-BCD) is a cholesterol-sequestering drug that inhibits HIV replication and infectivity in vitro and in vivo Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of cholesterol metabolism and content in different inflammatory conditions; therefore, we investigated the potential of HP-BCD as an immunomodulatory drug, regulating the activation of cells from HIV-infected patients. Treatment of monocytes with HP-BCD inhibited the expression and secretion of receptors and mediators that are usually enhanced in HIV patients. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the immunomodulatory effect of HP-BCD. Our results indicate that, besides reducing viral replication, HP-BCD treatment may contribute to modulation of chronic immune activation associated with AIDS.
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19
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Jiang H, Ji CL, Yang K, Zhang W, Zuo J. Fatty oil from Securidaca inappendiculata exerted therapeutic effects on adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice via suppression on fibroblast-like synoviocyte. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:616-625. [PMID: 30392568 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. (SI) is a medicinal plant used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in South China. A substantial amount of fatty oil was isolated from SI (SIF), however little knowledge about its chemical composition and medicinal potentials was obtained. In this study, we analyzed its chemical composition with methyl esterification based GC-MS method, and investigated the therapeutic potentials on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in mice. MTT and western-blot methods were employed to investigate its effects on proliferation rate and protein expressions in MH7A cells, respectively. It was revealed SIF was mainly comprised of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids, and the two predominant compounds were palmitic acid (36.89%) and oleic acid (31.12%). Treatment with SIF at 100 mg/kg resulted in significant alleviation of AA severity in mice, together with reduced synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration in joints, and decreased levels of sialic acid, malondialdehyde and alkaline phosphatase in serum. Results from immunohistochemical assays hinted the protective effects of SIF on joints were associated to the inhibition on production of some pathological factors in synovium, including IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP-9. SIF inhibited the proliferation of MH7A cells in a concentration dependent manner, and abrogated phosphorylation of p65 in vitro. These evidences collectively suggested SIF could suppress the pathological functions of fibroblast-like synoviocyte, and protect joints from destruction under AA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Cong-Lan Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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20
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Pang Z, Wang G, Ran N, Lin H, Wang Z, Guan X, Yuan Y, Fang K, Liu J, Wang F. Inhibitory Effect of Methotrexate on Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation and Comprehensive Metabolomics Analysis Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102894. [PMID: 30249062 PMCID: PMC6212996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease. The inflammation in joint tissue and system endanger the human health seriously. Methotrexate have exhibited a satisfactory therapeutic effect in clinical practice. The aim of this research was to establish the pharmacological mechanism of methotrexate on RA therapy. Collagen induced arthritic rats were used to identify how methotrexate alleviates inflammation in vivo. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory proliferation in macrophages was also be detected in vitro. The activation level of Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3)/Caspase-1 and related cytokines were examined by real-time PCR and western blotting or quantified with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the alteration of metabolites. Results showed that treating with methotrexate could alleviate the inflammatory condition, downregulate the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase-1 inflammatory pathways and reduce the level of related cytokines. Docking interaction between methotrexate and caspase-1 was visualized as six H-bonds indicating a potential inhibitory effect. Metabolomics analysis reported three perturbed metabolic inflammation related pathways including arachidonic acid, linoleic acid and sphingolipid metabolism. These findings indicated that methotrexate could inhibit the onset of inflammation in joint tissue by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathways and regulating the inflammation related metabolic networks.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Male
- Metabolomics
- Methotrexate/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Pang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Nan Ran
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hongqiang Lin
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xuewa Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuze Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Keyong Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jinping Liu
- Research Center of Natural Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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21
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Moreno-Fernandez ME, Giles DA, Stankiewicz TE, Sheridan R, Karns R, Cappelletti M, Lampe K, Mukherjee R, Sina C, Sallese A, Bridges JP, Hogan SP, Aronow BJ, Hoebe K, Divanovic S. Peroxisomal β-oxidation regulates whole body metabolism, inflammatory vigor, and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. JCI Insight 2018; 3:93626. [PMID: 29563328 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic predisposition for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represents a disease spectrum ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis to cirrhosis. Acox1, a rate-limiting enzyme in peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation, regulates metabolism, spontaneous hepatic steatosis, and hepatocellular damage over time. However, it is unknown whether Acox1 modulates inflammation relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis or if Acox1-associated metabolic and inflammatory derangements uncover and accelerate potential for NAFLD progression. Here, we show that mice with a point mutation in Acox1 (Acox1Lampe1) exhibited altered cellular metabolism, modified T cell polarization, and exacerbated immune cell inflammatory potential. Further, in context of a brief obesogenic diet stress, NAFLD progression associated with Acox1 mutation resulted in significantly accelerated and exacerbated hepatocellular damage via induction of profound histological changes in hepatocytes, hepatic inflammation, and robust upregulation of gene expression associated with HCC development. Collectively, these data demonstrate that β-oxidation links metabolism and immune responsiveness and that a better understanding of peroxisomal β-oxidation may allow for discovery of mechanisms central for NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel A Giles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, CCHMC, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel Sheridan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pathology, CCHMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, CCHMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Monica Cappelletti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian Sina
- Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology
| | - James P Bridges
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, and
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, CCHMC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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22
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Tashiro H, Takahashi K, Sadamatsu H, Kato G, Kurata K, Kimura S, Sueoka-Aragane N. Saturated Fatty Acid Increases Lung Macrophages and Augments House Dust Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet. Inflammation 2018; 40:1072-1086. [PMID: 28365872 PMCID: PMC5429367 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the phenotypes of severe asthma, which is considered to be a heterogeneous syndrome; however, its interaction with airway inflammation is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of saturated fatty acids in augmenting airway inflammation induced by house dust mite (HDM) in obesity. Subjects were Balb/c mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, followed by sensitization and exposure to HDM. Subjects were also administered palmitic acid (PA) for 4 weeks with concurrent sensitization and exposure to HDM. Airway inflammation was assessed by quantifying the amount of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and airway resistance was measured. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed macrophages were stimulated by PA. The amount of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was examined in the supernatant. Compared to normal chow mice, HFD mice underwent significant increases in body weight; increases in number of lung macrophages, including circulating monocytes and alveolar macrophages; and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total cell count, including neutrophils but not eosinophils, after HDM sensitization and exposure. In vitro, PA induced MCP-1 and augmented LPS-primed production of IL-1β and TNF-α in macrophages. Among HDM mice that were administered PA, there was an increase BALF total cell count, including neutrophils but not eosinophils, compared to vehicle mice. In conclusion, saturated fatty acid increased the number of lung macrophages and augmented HDM-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in a HFD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Koichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Hironori Sadamatsu
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Go Kato
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Keigo Kurata
- Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Sueoka-Aragane
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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23
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Furlan CPB, Valle SC, Östman E, Maróstica MR, Tovar J. Inclusion of Hass avocado-oil improves postprandial metabolic responses to a hypercaloric-hyperlipidic meal in overweight subjects. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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24
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Djuric Z. Obesity-associated cancer risk: the role of intestinal microbiota in the etiology of the host proinflammatory state. Transl Res 2017; 179:155-167. [PMID: 27522986 PMCID: PMC5164980 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risks of many cancers. One important mechanism behind this association is the obesity-associated proinflammatory state. Although the composition of the intestinal microbiome undoubtedly can contribute to the proinflammatory state, perhaps the most important aspect of host-microbiome interactions is host exposure to components of intestinal bacteria that stimulate inflammatory reactions. Systemic exposures to intestinal bacteria can be modulated by dietary factors through altering both the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the absorption of bacterial products from the intestinal lumen. In particular, high-fat and high-energy diets have been shown to facilitate absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from intestinal bacteria. Biomarkers of bacterial exposures that have been measured in blood include LPS-binding protein, sCD14, fatty acids characteristic of intestinal bacteria, and immunoglobulins specific for bacterial LPS and flagellin. The optimal strategies to reduce these proinflammatory exposures, whether by altering diet composition, avoiding a positive energy balance, or reducing adipose stores, likely differ in each individual. Biomarkers that assess systemic bacterial exposures therefore should be useful to (1) optimize and personalize preventive approaches for individuals and groups with specific characteristics and to (2) gain insight into the possible mechanisms involved with different preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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25
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Rodrigues HG, Takeo Sato F, Curi R, Vinolo MA. Fatty acids as modulators of neutrophil recruitment, function and survival. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Boshuizen M, Leopold JH, Zakharkina T, Knobel HH, Weda H, Nijsen TME, Vink TJ, Sterk PJ, Schultz MJ, Bos LDJ. Levels of cytokines in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid, but not in plasma, are associated with levels of markers of lipid peroxidation in breath of ventilated ICU patients. J Breath Res 2015; 9:036010. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/3/036010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Gomez‐Delgado F, Alcala‐Diaz JF, Garcia‐Rios A, Delgado‐Lista J, Ortiz‐Morales A, Rangel‐Zuñiga O, Tinahones FJ, Gonzalez‐Guardia L, Malagon MM, Bellido‐Muñoz E, Ordovas JM, Perez‐Jimenez F, Lopez‐Miranda J, Perez‐Martinez P. Polymorphism at theTNF‐alpha gene interacts withMediterranean diet to influence triglyceride metabolism and inflammation status in metabolic syndrome patients:From the CORDIOPREV clinical trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1519-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gomez‐Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Alcala‐Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia‐Rios
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Delgado‐Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz‐Morales
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Oriol Rangel‐Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Biomedical Research LaboratoryEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Virgen de la Victoria Malaga Spain
| | - Lorena Gonzalez‐Guardia
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Maria M. Malagon
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Cell BiologyPhysiology and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
| | | | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics LaboratoryJ.M.‐US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston MA USA
- IMDEAAlimentacion Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco Perez‐Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Jose Lopez‐Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Perez‐Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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28
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Reyes-Quiroz ME, Alba G, Saenz J, Santa-María C, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Ramírez R, Martín-Nieto J, Pintado E, Sobrino F. Oleic acid modulates mRNA expression of liver X receptor (LXR) and its target genes ABCA1 and SREBP1c in human neutrophils. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1707-17. [PMID: 24722912 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulation of liver X receptors (LXRs) is essential for cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation. The present study was conducted to determine whether oleic acid (OA) could regulate mRNA expression of LXRα and LXRα-regulated genes and to assess the potential promotion of oxidative stress by OA in neutrophils. METHODS Human neutrophils were treated with OA at different doses and LXR target gene expression, oxidative stress production, lipid efflux and inflammation state were analyzed. RESULTS We describe that mRNA synthesis of both LXRα and ABCA1 (a reverse cholesterol transporter) was induced by OA in human neutrophils. This fatty acid enhanced the effects of LXR ligands on ABCA1 and LXR expression, but it decreased the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (a transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of triglycerides). Although OA elicited a slight oxidative stress in the short term (15-30 min) in neutrophils, it is unlikely that this is relevant for the modulation of transcription in our experimental conditions, which involve longer incubation time (i.e., 6 h). Of physiological importance is our finding that OA depresses intracellular lipid levels and that markers of inflammation, such as ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, were decreased by OA treatment. In addition, 200 μM OA reduced the migration of human neutrophils, another marker of the inflammatory state. However, OA did not affect lipid peroxidation induced by pro-oxidant agents. CONCLUSIONS This work presents for the first time evidence that human neutrophils are highly sensitive to OA and provides novel data in support of a protective role of this monounsaturated acid against the activation of neutrophils during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Edith Reyes-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009, Sevilla, Spain
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29
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Son Y, Lee JH, Chung HT, Pae HO. Therapeutic roles of heme oxygenase-1 in metabolic diseases: curcumin and resveratrol analogues as possible inducers of heme oxygenase-1. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013; 2013:639541. [PMID: 24101950 DOI: 10.1155/2013/639541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and obesity, are associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammatory stress), oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because the integration of these stresses is critical to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, agents and cellular molecules that can modulate these stress responses are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of metabolic diseases. It has been recognized that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays an important role in cellular protection. Because HO-1 can reduce inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, and ER stress, in part by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, HO-1 has been suggested to play important roles in pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In the present review, we will explore our current understanding of the protective mechanisms of HO-1 in metabolic diseases and present some emerging therapeutic options for HO-1 expression in treating metabolic diseases, together with the therapeutic potential of curcumin and resveratrol analogues that have their ability to induce HO-1 expression.
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30
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Saben J, Zhong Y, Gomez-Acevedo H, Thakali KM, Borengasser SJ, Andres A, Shankar K. Early growth response protein-1 mediates lipotoxicity-associated placental inflammation: role in maternal obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1-14. [PMID: 23632636 PMCID: PMC4116409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00076.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, which contributes to cellular dysfunction promoting metabolic disease. Obesity during pregnancy leads to a proinflammatory milieu in the placenta; however, the underlying causes for obesity-induced placental inflammation remain unclear. Here, we examine the mechanisms by which saturated fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines induce inflammation in placental trophoblasts. We conducted global transcriptomic profiling in BeWo cells following palmitate and/or TNFα treatment and gene/protein expression analyses of MAPK pathways and characterized downstream transcription factors directly regulating inflammatory cytokines. Microarray analysis revealed increased expression of genes regulating inflammation, stress response, and immediate early response in cytotrophoblasts in response to palmitic acid (PA), TNFα, or a combination of both (PA + TNFα). Both gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis revealed MAPK and EGR-1 signaling to be upregulated in BeWo cells, which was confirmed via immunoblotting. Importantly, activation of JNK signaling was necessary for increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNFα, and IL-8) and EGR1 mRNA. Consistent with the requirement of JNK signaling, ChIP analysis confirmed the recruitment of c-Jun and other MAPK-responsive immediate early factors on the EGR1 promoter. Moreover, recruitment of EGR-1 on cytokine promoters (IL-6, TNFα, and IL-8) and an impaired proinflammatory response following knockdown of EGR-1 suggested it as a central component of the mechanism facilitating inflammatory gene expression. Finally, akin to in vitro findings, term placenta from obese women also had both increased JNK and p38 signaling and greater EGR-1 protein relative to lean women. Our results demonstrate that lipotoxic insults induce inflammation in placental cells via activation of JNK/EGR-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saben
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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31
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Klein-Wieringa IR, Andersen SN, Kwekkeboom JC, Giera M, de Lange-Brokaar BJE, van Osch GJVM, Zuurmond AM, Stojanovic-Susulic V, Nelissen RGHH, Pijl H, Huizinga TWJ, Kloppenburg M, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Adipocytes modulate the phenotype of human macrophages through secreted lipids. J Immunol 2013; 191:1356-63. [PMID: 23817431 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown accumulation and an enhanced proinflammatory profile of macrophages in adipose tissue of obese mice, indicating the presence of an interaction between adipocytes and macrophages in this tissue. However, the consequences of this interaction in humans are yet incompletely understood. In this study, we explored the modulating effects of adipocytes on the phenotype of macrophages in humans and studied the possible molecular pathways involved. Adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) treatment of macrophages for 48 h strongly reduced the LPS-induced IL-12p40 secretion by macrophages, whereas the production of TNF-α and other cytokines remained largely unaffected. This effect was independent of the source of adipocytes. Interestingly, the level of inhibition correlated directly with body mass index (BMI) of the adipocyte donor. Because adipocytes release many different cytokines, adipokines, and lipids, we have separated the protein and lipid fractions of ACM, to obtain insight into the molecular nature of the soluble mediators underlying the observed effect. These experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect resided predominantly in the lipid fraction. Further studies revealed that PGE2 and linoleic and oleic acid were potent inhibitors of IL-12p40 secretion. Interestingly, concentrations of these ACM-derived lipids increased with increase in BMI of the adipocyte donor, suggesting that they could mediate the BMI-dependent effects of ACM. To our knowledge, these results provide first evidence that obesity-related changes in adipose tissue macrophage phenotype could be mediated by adipocyte-derived lipids in humans. Intriguingly, these changes appear to be different from those in murine obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge R Klein-Wieringa
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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32
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Zhang L, Michal JJ, O'Fallon JV, Pan Z, Gaskins CT, Reeves JJ, Busboom JR, Zhou X, Ding B, Dodson MV, Jiang Z. Quantitative genomics of 30 complex phenotypes in Wagyu x Angus F₁ progeny. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:838-58. [PMID: 22745575 PMCID: PMC3385007 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 91 genes involved in various pathways were investigated for their associations with six carcass traits and twenty-four fatty acid composition phenotypes in a Wagyu×Angus reference population, including 43 Wagyu bulls and their potential 791 F1 progeny. Of the 182 SNPs evaluated, 102 SNPs that were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with minor allele frequencies (MAF>0.15) were selected for parentage assignment and association studies with these quantitative traits. The parentage assignment revealed that 40 of 43 Wagyu sires produced over 96.71% of the calves in the population. Linkage disequilibrium analysis identified 75 of 102 SNPs derived from 54 genes as tagged SNPs. After Bonferroni correction, single-marker analysis revealed a total of 113 significant associations between 44 genes and 29 phenotypes (adjusted P<0.05). Multiple-marker analysis confirmed single-gene associations for 10 traits, but revealed two-gene networks for 9 traits and three-gene networks for 8 traits. Particularly, we observed that TNF (tumor necrosis factor) gene is significantly associated with both beef marbling score (P=0.0016) and palmitic acid (C16:0) (P=0.0043), RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1) with rib-eye area (P=0.0103), ASB3 (ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing 3) with backfat (P=0.0392), ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) with both palmitic acid (C16:0) (P=0.0025) and oleic acid (C18:1n9) (P=0.0114), SLC27A1(solute carrier family 27 A1) with oleic acid (C18:1n9) (P=0.0155), CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) with both linolenic acid (OMEGA-3) (P=0.0200) and OMEGA 6:3 RATIO (P=0.0054), SLC27A2 (solute carrier family 27 A2) with both linoleic acid (OMEGA-6) (P=0.0121) and FAT (P=0.0333), GNG3 (guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 3 with desaturase 9 (P=0.0115), and EFEMP1 (EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1), PLTP (phospholipid transfer protein) and DSEL (dermatan sulfate epimerase-like) with conjugated linoleic acid (P=0.0042-0.0044), respectively, in the Wagyu x Angus F1 population. In addition, we observed an interesting phenomenon that crossbreeding of different breeds might change gene actions to dominant and overdominant modes, thus explaining the origin of heterosis. The present study confirmed that these important families or pathway-based genes are useful targets for improving meat quality traits and healthful beef products in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6351, USA
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Masi LN, Portioli-Sanches EP, Lima-Salgado TM, Curi R. Toxicity of fatty acids on ECV-304 endothelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:2140-6. [PMID: 21723937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of stearic (saturated) or oleic (monounsaturated) acids and their combination with ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on death of endothelial cells (ECV-304 cell line) were investigated. We examined: loss of plasma membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, accumulation of neutral lipids (NL) and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The fatty acids studied were: stearic (SA), oleic (OA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), linoleic (LA) and gamma-linolenic (γA) acids. SA at 150 μM induced cell death, did not lead to accumulation of NL and raised the release of ROS. ω-3 PUFA decreased ROS production, increased NL content but did not protect against ECV-304 cell death induced by SA. ω-6 PUFA inhibited SA-induced cell death, increased NL content and decreased ROS production. OA caused cell death but did not increase NL content and ROS production even at 300 μM. ω-3 and ω-6 FA associated with OA further increased cell death with no change in ROS production and NL content. Concluding, ω-6 PUFA had a greater protective effect than ω-3 PUFA on the deleterious effects caused by SA whereas OA had low cytotoxicity but, when associated with PUFA, presented marked toxic effects on ECV-304 endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureane Nunes Masi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Human milk TG are a remarkable example of stereo-specific positioning of fatty acids with structures that are highly conserved and unusual. Not only does human milk contain high amounts of fat and 16:0, but ~70% of the 16:0 is esterified at the TG stereo-specifically numbered (sn)-2 position, with preferential positioning of 18:1(n-9) and 18:2(n-6) at the TG sn-1,3 positions. The milk TG structures and digestive lipases combine to enable efficient digestion and absorption of 16:0 by conserving 16:0 in sn-2 monoacylglycerols, which are absorbed, reassembled, and secreted in plasma conserving the original milk TG configuration; these studies are reviewed in this article. The reason why the mammary gland invests in enzymes to provide the infant with 20-25% milk fatty acids as 16:0 rather than selecting against 16:0 is unknown, yet likely has a purpose given the mammary gland capacity for 10:0, 12:0, and 14:0 synthesis. Recent advances in the development-, tissue-, and species-specific activity of enzymes of TG synthesis and knowledge that dietary TG structures are maintained postabsorption suggest that the purpose of the milk TG structures is more sophisticated than simply avoiding 16:0 malabsorption. The overall aim is to expand consideration of fatty acids in the infant diet from a simple view of average fatty acid compositions to the complex lipids and molecular structures in which fatty acids are provided to tissues during early life and the biology through which the unique features of human milk enable the infant to grow and thrive on a high-fat, high-saturated-fat milk diet.
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Wong BXW, Kyle RA, Croft KD, Quinn CM, Jessup W, Yeap BB. Modulation of macrophage fatty acid content and composition by exposure to dyslipidemic serum in vitro. Lipids 2011; 46:371-80. [PMID: 21286835 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages in arterial walls accumulate lipids leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, mechanisms underlying macrophage lipid accumulation and foam cell formation are often studied without accounting for risk factors such as dyslipidemia. We investigated the effect of varying concentrations of triglyceride (TG) within physiological range on macrophage fatty acid (FA) accumulation and expression of cholesterol efflux proteins. Human monocytes were cultured in media supplemented with 10% sera containing low (0.7 mmol/L) to high (1.4 mmol/L) TG. The resulting macrophages were harvested after 10 days for analysis of FA content and composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Exposure to higher TG and lower HDL concentrations in media increased macrophage lipid content. Macrophages exposed to higher TG had increased total FA content compared with controls (876 μg/mg protein vs. 652 μg/mg protein) and greater proportions of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2. Macrophage expression of both ABCA1 and ABCG1 cholesterol efflux proteins were reduced when higher TG concentrations were present in the media. Expression of scavenger receptor CD36, involved in lipoprotein uptake, was also downregulated in macrophages exposed to higher TG. Culturing macrophages in conditions of higher versus lower TG influenced macrophage FA content and composition, and levels of regulatory proteins. Replicating in vitro levels of dyslipidemia encountered in vivo may provide an informative model for investigation of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce X W Wong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle and Royal Perth Hospitals, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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