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Zhang J, Zhang K, You W, Ru X, Xu Z, Xu F, Jin P, Zheng Y, Cao S. Exogenous CaCl 2 reduces the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids in shredded carrots by targeting CAMTA4-mediated transcriptional repression of carotenoid degradation pathway. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 212:108732. [PMID: 38761546 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoid oxidative cleavage is a significant factor contributing to the color changes of shredded carrots and treatment with calcium chloride (CaCl2, 1% w/v) has been observed to alleviate the whitening symptom and color loss. However, the specific mechanism by which CaCl2 treatment suppresses carotenoid degradation remains unclear. In this study, the effect of CaCl2 and EGTA (calcium ion chelating agent) treatment on carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation in shredded carrots and the mechanism involved was investigated. CaCl2 treatment promoted the expression and activity of carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme (phytoene synthase, PSY), but inhibited the increases of the degradative enzyme activity of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and down-regulated the corresponding transcripts, thus delayed the degradation of total carotenoid and maintaining higher levels of major carotenoid compounds including β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, and lutein in shredded carrots during storage. However, EGTA treatment promoted the gene expression and enzyme activity of CCD and increased the degradation of carotenoid compounds in shredded carrots during storage. Furthermore, the CaCl2 treatment induced DcCAMTA4, identified as a calcium decoder in shredded carrots, which, in turn, suppressed the expressions of DcCCD1 and DcCCD4 by interacting with their promoters. The transient overexpression of DcCAMTA4 in tobacco leaves led to reduced expression of NtCCD1 and NtCCD4, maintaining a higher content of carotenoids. Thus, CaCl2 alleviated the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids in shredded carrots through the DcCAMTA4-mediated carotenoid degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wanli You
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xueyin Ru
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
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El-Masry TA, El-Nagar MMF, El Mahdy NA, Alherz FA, Taher R, Osman EY. Potential Antitumor Activity of Combined Lycopene and Sorafenib against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma via Targeting Autophagy and Apoptosis and Suppressing Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:527. [PMID: 38675487 PMCID: PMC11055160 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An FDA-approved kinase inhibitor called sorafenib (SOR) is used to treat primary kidney and liver cancer as well as to stop the spread of advanced breast cancer. Side effects from SOR, such as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, can negatively impact an individual's quality of life. There are a lot of data supporting the importance of lycopene (LYC) in preventing cancer. The antitumor properties of the combination of sorafenib and lycopene were examined in this study. A viability test against MDA-MB-231 was used to assess the anticancer efficacy of sorafenib, lycopene, and their combination in vitro. Moreover, a cell cycle analysis and Annexin-V/PI double staining were performed by using flow cytometry. In addition, the protein level of JNK-1, ERK-1, Beclin-1, P38, and P53 of the MDA-MB-231 cell line was estimated using ELISA kits. In addition, mice with SEC were divided into four equal groups at random (n = 10) to investigate the possible processes underlying the in vivo antitumor effect. Group IV (SEC-SOR-LYC) received SOR (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and LYC (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.); Group I received the SEC control; Group II received SEC-SOR (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.); and Group III received SEC-LYC (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.). The findings demonstrated that the combination of sorafenib and lycopene was superior to sorafenib and lycopene alone in causing early cell cycle arrest, suppressing the viability of cancer cells, and increasing cell apoptosis and autophagy. Likewise, the combination of sorafenib and lycopene demonstrated inhibition of the levels of Bcl-2, Ki-67, VEGF, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein. Otherwise, the quantities of the proteins BAX, P53, and caspase 3 were amplified. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to a substantial increase in TNF-α, caspase 3, and VEGF gene expression compared to the equivalent dosages of monotherapy. The combination of sorafenib and lycopene enhanced apoptosis and reduced inflammation, as seen by the tumor's decreased weight and volume, hence demonstrating its potential anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Maysa M. F. El-Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Nageh A. El Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Fatemah A. Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reham Taher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
| | - Enass Y. Osman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; (N.A.E.M.); (R.T.); (E.Y.O.)
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Hungerford AJ, Bakos HW, Aitken RJ. Addition of Vitamin C Mitigates the Loss of Antioxidant Capacity, Vitality and DNA Integrity in Cryopreserved Human Semen Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:247. [PMID: 38397845 PMCID: PMC10885938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa is a necessity for males suffering from infertility who cannot produce fresh semen for insemination. However, current ART cryopreservation protocols are associated with losses of sperm motility, vitality and DNA integrity, which are thought to be linked to the induction of oxidative damage and the toxic properties of commercial cryoprotectants (CPAs). Preventing or mitigating these losses would be hugely beneficial to sperm survival during ART. Therefore, in this in vitro investigation, lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species, movement characteristics, antioxidant capacity, vitality, and DNA integrity were examined in semen samples both pre- and post-cryopreservation with CPA supplementation. The findings revealed a 50% reduction in antioxidant capacity with CPA addition, which was accompanied by significant increases in generation of reactive oxygen species and formation of lipid aldehydes. These changes were, in turn, correlated with reductions in sperm viability, motility and DNA integrity. Antioxidant supplementation generated bell-shaped dose-response curves with both resveratrol and vitamin C, emphasising the vulnerability of these cells to both oxidative and reductive stress. At the optimal dose, vitamin C was able to significantly enhance vitality and reduce DNA damage recorded in cryopreserved human spermatozoa. An improvement in sperm motility did not reach statistical significance, possibly because additional pathophysiological mechanisms limit the potential effectiveness of antioxidants in rescuing this aspect of sperm function. The vulnerability of human spermatozoa to reductive stress and the complex nature of sperm cryoinjury will present major challenges in creating the next generation of cryoprotective media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena J. Hungerford
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.H.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Hassan W. Bakos
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.H.); (H.W.B.)
- Memphasys Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2140, Australia
| | - Robert J. Aitken
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.H.); (H.W.B.)
- Memphasys Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2140, Australia
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Milella L, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Scapagnini G, Willcox DC. Dietary Astaxanthin: A Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Brain Aging and Adult Neurogenesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:643. [PMID: 38132964 PMCID: PMC10744637 DOI: 10.3390/md21120643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased adult neurogenesis, or the gradual depletion of neural stem cells in adult neurogenic niches, is considered a hallmark of brain aging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between aging, adult neurogenesis, and the potential neuroregenerative properties of astaxanthin, a carotenoid principally extracted from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. The unique chemical structure of astaxanthin enables it to cross the blood-brain barrier and easily reach the brain, where it may positively influence adult neurogenesis. Astaxanthin can affect molecular pathways involved in the homeostasis, through the activation of FOXO3-related genetic pathways, growth, and regeneration of adult brain neurons, enhancing cell proliferation and the potency of stem cells in neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin appears to modulate neuroinflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and limiting neuroinflammation associated with aging and chronic microglial activation. By modulating these pathways, along with its potent antioxidant properties, astaxanthin may contribute to the restoration of a healthy neurogenic microenvironment, thereby preserving the activity of neurogenic niches during both normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V. le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Donald Craig Willcox
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Translational Research on Aging, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (R.C.A.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2211, Japan
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5
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Orsi B, Sestari I, Preczenhak AP, de Abreu Vieira AP, Tessmer MA, da Silva Souza MA, Hassimotto NMA, Kluge RA. Fruits from tomato carotenoid mutants have altered susceptibility to grey mold. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 204:108100. [PMID: 37864928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The necrotrophic fungus Botritys cinerea takes advantage of the oxidative burst to facilitate tissue infection, leading to substantial losses during tomato postharvest. Tomato fruit is a source of carotenoids, pigments with a wide variety of isomeric configurations that determine their antioxidant capacity. Here, fruit susceptibility to B. cinerea was assessed in Micro-Tom Near Isogenic lines harboring mutations that alter the profile of carotenoids. Wound-inoculated fruit of the mutants Delta carotene (Del) and tangerine (t), which show large variety of carotenoids rather than the major accumulation of trans-lycopene, were less susceptible to the pathogen. Differences in susceptibility between the mutants were only observed in ripe fruit, after the formation of carotenoids, and they were associated with attenuation of damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The greater variety of carotenoid isomers, which in turn contributed to the greater lipophilic antioxidant capacity of fruit, was associated with the less susceptible mutants, Del and t. Together, our data reveals a potential activity of carotenoids in fruit defense, in addition to the well-known and widespread ecological role as attractors of seed dispersers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Orsi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Biological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Sestari
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Biological and Agronomical Sciences, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Preczenhak
- University of São Paulo, Department of Biological Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Gözcü S, Ugan RA, Özbek H, Gündoğdu B, Guvenalp Z. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Paeonia mascula L.: In vitro and in vivo studies, and phytochemical analysis. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105658. [PMID: 37648027 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Paeonia mascula L. is commonly used in Anatolian folk medicine for its antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effect, in vivo antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from P. mascula. The in vivo studies were conducted on diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed the highest efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, reducing AST, ALT, and MDA levels while increasing GSH and SOD activities in rats. In total, seven compounds were isolated from both extracts, and their structures were identified using spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D NMR and Mass Spectrometry. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay on purified compounds revealed that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose was the most effective compound. These findings support the traditional use of P. mascula as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Gözcü
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Rustem Anil Ugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Özbek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; Medicinal Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
| | - Betül Gündoğdu
- Departmant of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
| | - Zuhal Guvenalp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; Medicinal Aromatic Plant and Drug Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
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Abdel-Naim AB, Hassanein EHM, Binmahfouz LS, Bagher AM, Hareeri RH, Algandaby MM, Fadladdin YAJ, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. Lycopene attenuates chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 262:115122. [PMID: 37329850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), is an organophosphate pesticide that is widely used for agricultural purposes. However, it has well-documented hepatotoxicity. Lycopene (LCP) is a plant-derived carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present work was designed to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective actions of LCP against CPF-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were assigned into five groups namely: Group I (Control), Group II (LCP), Group III (CPF), Group IV (CPF + LCP 5 mg/kg), and Group V (CPF + LCP 10 mg/kg). LCP offered protection as evidenced by inhibiting the rise in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) induced by CPF. This was confirmed histologically as LCP-treated animals showed liver tissues with less proliferation of bile ducts and periductal fibrosis. LCP significantly prevented the rise in hepatic content of malondialdehyde (MDA), depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and exhaustion of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, LCP significantly prevented hepatocyte death as it ameliorated the increase in Bax and the decrease in Bcl-2 expression induced by CPF in liver tissues as determined immunohistochemically. The observed protective effects of LCP were further confirmed by a significant enhancement in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. In conclusion, LCP possesses protective effects against CPF-induced hepatotoxicity. These include antioxidation and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lenah S Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mardi M Algandaby
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A J Fadladdin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne, Franche-Comté University, Cedex F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231 Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Demurtas OC, Sulli M, Ferrante P, Mini P, Martí M, Aragonés V, Daròs JA, Giuliano G. Production of Saffron Apocarotenoids in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants Genome-Edited to Accumulate Zeaxanthin Precursor. Metabolites 2023; 13:729. [PMID: 37367887 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocins are glycosylated apocarotenoids with strong coloring power and anti-oxidant, anticancer, and neuro-protective properties. We previously dissected the saffron crocin biosynthesis pathway, and demonstrated that the CsCCD2 enzyme, catalyzing the carotenoid cleavage step, shows a strong preference for the xanthophyll zeaxanthin in vitro and in bacterio. In order to investigate substrate specificity in planta and to establish a plant-based bio-factory system for crocin production, we compared wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana plants, accumulating various xanthophylls together with α- and β-carotene, with genome-edited lines, in which all the xanthophylls normally accumulated in leaves were replaced by a single xanthophyll, zeaxanthin. These plants were used as chassis for the production in leaves of saffron apocarotenoids (crocins, picrocrocin) using two transient expression methods to overexpress CsCCD2: agroinfiltration and inoculation with a viral vector derived from tobacco etch virus (TEV). The results indicated the superior performance of the zeaxanthin-accumulating line and of the use of the viral vector to express CsCCD2. The results also suggested a relaxed substrate specificity of CsCCD2 in planta, cleaving additional carotenoid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sulli
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrante
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mini
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Maricarmen Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Aragonés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
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Wang N, Peng H, Yang C, Guo W, Wang M, Li G, Liu D. Metabolic Engineering of Model Microorganisms for the Production of Xanthophyll. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1252. [PMID: 37317226 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthophyll is an oxidated version of carotenoid. It presents significant value to the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its specific antioxidant activity and variety of colors. Chemical processing and conventional extraction from natural organisms are still the main sources of xanthophyll. However, the current industrial production model can no longer meet the demand for human health care, reducing petrochemical energy consumption and green sustainable development. With the swift development of genetic metabolic engineering, xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms shows great application potential. At present, compared to carotenes such as lycopene and β-carotene, xanthophyll has a relatively low production in engineering microorganisms due to its stronger inherent antioxidation, relatively high polarity, and longer metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively summarized the progress in xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms, described strategies to improve xanthophyll production in detail, and proposed the current challenges and future efforts needed to build commercialized xanthophyll-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huakang Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Caifeng Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenfang Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gangqiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dehu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Winarto J, Song DG, Pan CH. The Role of Fucoxanthin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098203. [PMID: 37175909 PMCID: PMC10179653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) has emerged as a leading cause of human deaths. It caused 1.32 million deaths in 2017, which affected men more than women by a two-to-one ratio. There are various causes of CLD, including obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and viral infection. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of obesity-induced liver diseases, is the major cause, representing the cause of more than 50% of cases. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid mainly found in brown seaweed, exhibits various biological activities against NAFLD. Its role in NAFLD appears in several mechanisms, such as inducing thermogenesis in mitochondrial homeostasis, altering lipid metabolism, and promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The corresponding altered signaling pathways are the β3-adorenarine receptor (β3Ad), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), SMAD2/3, and P13K/Akt pathways. Fucoxanthin also exhibits anti-fibrogenic activity that prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Microalgae Ask US Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea
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11
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Sumithra M, Sundaraganesan N, Rajesh R, Ilangovan V, Irfan A, Muthu S. Electron density, charge transfer, solvent effect and molecular spectroscopic studies on 2,2-Dimethyl-N-pyridin-4-yl-propionamide – A potential antioxidant. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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12
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Manawadu D, Valentine DJ, Barford W. Dynamical Simulations of Carotenoid Photoexcited States Using Density Matrix Renormalization Group Techniques. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3714-3727. [PMID: 37054397 PMCID: PMC10150368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a dynamical simulation scheme to model the highly correlated excited state dynamics of linear polyenes. We apply it to investigate the internal conversion processes of carotenoids following their photoexcitation. We use the extended Hubbard-Peierls model, H^UVP, to describe the π-electronic system coupled to nuclear degrees of freedom. This is supplemented by a Hamiltonian, H^ϵ, that explicitly breaks both the particle-hole and two-fold rotation symmetries of idealized carotenoid structures. The electronic degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation using the adaptive time-dependent DMRG (tDMRG) method, while nuclear dynamics are treated via the Ehrenfest equations of motion. By defining adiabatic excited states as the eigenstates of the full Hamiltonian, H^=H^UVP+H^ϵ, and diabatic excited states as eigenstates of H^UVP, we present a computational framework to monitor the internal conversion process from the initial photoexcited 11Bu+ state to the singlet triplet-pair states of carotenoids. We further incorporate Lanczos-DMRG to the tDMRG-Ehrenfest method to calculate transient absorption spectra from the evolving photoexcited state. We describe in detail the accuracy and convergence criteria for DMRG, and show that this method accurately describes the dynamical processes of carotenoid excited states. We also discuss the effect of the symmetry-breaking term, H^ϵ, on the internal conversion process, and show that its effect on the extent of internal conversion can be described by a Landau-Zener-type transition. This methodological paper is a companion to our more explanatory discussion of carotenoid excited state dynamics in Manawadu, D.; Georges, T. N.; Barford, W. Photoexcited State Dynamics and Singlet Fission in Carotenoids. J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127, 1342.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan Manawadu
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JA, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BJ, United Kingdom
| | - William Barford
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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13
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Zuo X, Miao C, Li M, Gu L, Yang X, Song C, Li M, Du J, Xie C, Liu X, Sun H, Li L, Zhang Z, Wang F. Purple Rehmannnia : investigation of the activation of R2R3-MYB transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13920. [PMID: 37097722 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Engineering anthocyanin biosynthesis in herbs could provide health-promoting foods for improving human health. Rehmannia glutinosa is a popular medicinal herb in Asia, and was a health food for the emperors of the Han Dynasty (59 B.C.). In this study, we revealed the differences in anthocyanin composition and content between three Rehmannia species. On the 250, 235 and 206 identified MYBs in the respective species, six could regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating the ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (ANS) gene expression. Permanent overexpression of the Rehmannia MYB genes in tobacco strongly promoted anthocyanin content and expression levels of NtANS and other genes. A red appearance of leaves and tubers/roots was observed, and the total anthocyanin content and the cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content were significantly higher in the lines overexpressing RgMYB41, RgMYB42 and RgMYB43 from R. glutinosa,as well as RcMYB1 and RcMYB3 in R. chingii and RhMYB1 from R. henryi plants. Knocking out of RcMYB3 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing resulted in the discoloration of the R. chingii corolla lobes, and decreased the content of anthocyanin. R. glutinosa overexpressing RcMYB3 displayed a distinct purple color in the whole plants, and the antioxidant activity of the transgenic plants was significantly enhanced compared to WT. These results indicate that Rehmannia MYBs can be used to engineer anthocyanin biosynthesis in herbs to improve their additional value, such as increased antioxidant contents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zuo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Miao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ci Song
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiafang Du
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caixia Xie
- School of medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Vlad IM, Nuță DC, Ancuceanu RV, Costea T, Coanda M, Popa M, Marutescu LG, Zarafu I, Ionita P, Pirvu CED, Bleotu C, Chifiriuc MC, Limban C. Insights into the Microbicidal, Antibiofilm, Antioxidant and Toxicity Profile of New O-Aryl-Carbamoyl-Oxymino-Fluorene Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087020. [PMID: 37108183 PMCID: PMC10138554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented increase in microbial resistance rates to all current drugs raises an acute need for the design of more effective antimicrobial strategies. Moreover, the importance of oxidative stress due to chronic inflammation in infections with resistant bacteria represents a key factor for the development of new antibacterial agents with potential antioxidant effects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bioevaluate new O-aryl-carbamoyl-oxymino-fluorene derivatives for their potential use against infectious diseases. With this aim, their antimicrobial effect was evaluated using quantitative assays (minimum inhibitory/bactericidal/biofilms inhibitory concentrations) (MIC/MBC/MBIC), the obtained values being 0.156-10/0.312-10/0.009-1.25 mg/mL), while some of the involved mechanisms (i.e., membrane depolarization) were investigated by flow cytometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by studying the scavenger capacity of DPPH and ABTS•+ radicals and the toxicity was tested in vitro on three cell lines and in vivo on the crustacean Artemia franciscana Kellog. The four compounds derived from 9H-fluoren-9-one oxime proved to exhibit promising antimicrobial features and particularly, a significant antibiofilm activity. The presence of chlorine induced an electron-withdrawing effect, favoring the anti-Staphylococcus aureus and that of the methyl group exhibited a +I effect of enhancing the anti-Candida albicans activity. The IC50 values calculated in the two toxicity assays revealed similar values and the potential of these compounds to inhibit the proliferation of tumoral cells. Taken together, all these data demonstrate the potential of the tested compounds to be further used for the development of novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Margareta Vlad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Camelia Nuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert Viorel Ancuceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 TraianVuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Coanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Zarafu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Elena Dinu Pirvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 285 Mihai Bravu Avenue, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Limban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Hu W, Li Z, Ou H, Wang X, Wang Q, Tao Z, Huang S, Huang Y, Wang G, Pan X. Novosphingobium album sp. nov., Novosphingobium organovorum sp. nov. and Novosphingobium mangrovi sp. nov. with the organophosphorus pesticides degrading ability isolated from mangrove sediments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37115596 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Novosphingobium were frequently isolated from polluted environments and possess great bioremediation potential. Here, three species, designated B2637T, B2580T and B1949T, were isolated from mangrove sediments and might represent novel species in the genus Novosphingobium based on a polyphasic taxonomy study. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that strains B2580T, B1949T and B2637T clustered with Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans NBRC 102051T, 'N. profundi' F72 and N. decolorationis 502str22T, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between isolates and their closely related species were less than 94 and 54 %, respectively, all below the threshold of species discrimination. The sizes of the genomes of isolates B2580T, B2637T and B1949T ranged from 4.4 to 4.6 Mb, containing 63.3-66.4 % G+C content. Analysis of their genomic sequences identified genes related to pesticide degradation, heavy-metal resistance, nitrogen fixation, antibiotic resistance and sulphur metabolism, revealing the biotechnology potential of these isolates. Except for B2637T, B1949T and B2580T were able to grow in the presence of quinalphos. Results from these polyphasic taxonomic analyses support the affiliation of these strains to three novel species within the genus Novosphingobium, for which we propose the name Novosphingobium album sp. nov. B2580T (=KCTC 72967T=MCCC 1K04555T), Novosphingobium organovorum sp. nov. B1949T (=KCTC 92158T=MCCC 1K03763T) and Novosphingobium mangrovi sp. nov. B2637T (KCTC 72969T=MCCC 1K04460T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Haisheng Ou
- Guangxi Normal University School of Physical Science and Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Qiaozhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Zhanhua Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Shushi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Yuanlin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Guiwen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
| | - Xinli Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China
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16
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Nowicka P, Wojdyło A, Tkacz K, Turkiewicz IP. Quantitative and qualitative determination of carotenoids and polyphenolics compounds in selected cultivars of Prunus persica L. and their ability to in vitro inhibit lipoxygenase, cholinoesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100619. [PMID: 36974173 PMCID: PMC10039266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the content of polyphenols and carotenoids as well as the health-promoting properties (antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antiaging, and anti-inflammatory activities) in selected peaches cultivated in Poland. The qualitative analysis of the tested cultivars showed that the content of polyphenols was dominated by flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids. In turn, the performed analysis clearly indicated that the dominant carotenoid was β-carotene, which constituted on average 88% of the total amount of carotenoids. The general content of yellow pigments is as follows: all-trans-β-carotene > 13 cis-β-carotene > 9 cis-β-carotene > zeaxanthin > β-cryptoxanthin ≥ β-cryptoxanthin-myristate > β-cryptoxanthin-palmitate > crocin ≥ cis-violaxanthin > lutein. In addition, the present study showed that the peach fruit has a high potential in the context of inhibition of pancreatic lipase, which may indicate a potential antiobesity effect. However, the potential of the peaches to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, or 15-LOX has not been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Tkacz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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Yi X, Li J, Liao D, Peng G, Zheng X, Xu H, Zhang T, Ai J. Carrot and carotene and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of the evidence. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:2251-2261. [PMID: 36600678 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the benefits of carrots and carotene in different areas of health have been examined. The purpose of this umbrella review was to identify the associations between carrots and carotene and multiple health outcomes. The review considered evidence from meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies of carrots and carotene and any health outcome. We comprehensively searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase. For each association, we estimated the summary effect size using random and fixed effects models and the 95% confidence interval. A total of 1329 studies were searched, and 30 meta-analyses with 26 health outcomes were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Carrot intake was associated with a lower risk of multiple cancer outcomes including breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, urothelial cancer, and prostate cancer. Carotene intake was associated with a lower risk of fracture, age-related cataract, sunburn, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancer (HNC). Serum carotene was inversely associated with all-cause mortality, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Our study revealed that carrot or carotene intake could reduce the risk of various negative health outcomes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyanling Yi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dazhou Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Oh SH, Lee SE, Han DH, Yoon JW, Kim SH, Lim ES, Lee HB, Kim EY, Park SP. Treatments of Porcine Nuclear Recipient Oocytes and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Generated Embryos with Various Reactive Oxygen Species Scavengers Lead to Improvements of Their Quality Parameters and Developmental Competences by Mitigating Oxidative Stress-Related Impacts. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:73-81. [PMID: 36939858 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant effects of β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), hesperetin (HES), and icariin (ICA), and their effects on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Treatment with 1 μM BCX (BCX-1) increased the developmental rate of porcine oocytes more than treatment with 100 μM HES (HES-100) or 5 μM ICA (ICA-5). The glutathione level and mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (NFE2L2, SOD1, and SOD2) were more increased in the BCX-1 group than in the HES-100 and ICA-5 groups, while the reactive oxygen species level was more decreased. Moreover, BCX improved the developmental capacity and quality of SCNT embryos. The total cell number, apoptotic cell rate, and development-related gene expression were modulated in the BCX-1 group to enhance embryonic development of SCNT. These results show that the antioxidant effects of BCX enhance in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development of SCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Oh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Yoon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Lim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Han-Bi Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Bio Medical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Nair A, Ahirwar A, Singh S, Lodhi R, Lodhi A, Rai A, Jadhav DA, Harish, Varjani S, Singh G, Marchand J, Schoefs B, Vinayak V. Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:176. [PMID: 36976225 PMCID: PMC10056084 DOI: 10.3390/md21030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4-dione) is a ketocarotenoid synthesized by Haematococcus pluvialis/lacustris, Chromochloris zofingiensis, Chlorococcum, Bracteacoccus aggregatus, Coelastrella rubescence, Phaffia rhodozyma, some bacteria (Paracoccus carotinifaciens), yeasts, and lobsters, among others However, it is majorly synthesized by Haematococcus lacustris alone (about 4%). The richness of natural astaxanthin over synthetic astaxanthin has drawn the attention of industrialists to cultivate and extract it via two stage cultivation process. However, the cultivation in photobioreactors is expensive, and converting it in soluble form so that it can be easily assimilated by our digestive system requires downstream processing techniques which are not cost-effective. This has made the cost of astaxanthin expensive, prompting pharmaceutical and nutraceutical companies to switch over to synthetic astaxanthin. This review discusses the chemical character of astaxanthin, more inexpensive cultivating techniques, and its bioavailability. Additionally, the antioxidant character of this microalgal product against many diseases is discussed, which can make this natural compound an excellent drug to minimize inflammation and its consequences.
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Lenchi N. Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Microbacterium oxydans and Microbacterium maritypicum Strains. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0108922. [PMID: 36598287 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01089-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbacterium spp. are a group of microbes that have been recovered from a wide variety of environments in nature. Here, I report the complete genomic data for Microbacterium oxydans and Microbacterium maritypicum type strains that are already present in public culture repositories. The genome of the M. oxydans strain was 3,894,869 bp long, with a G+C content of 68.26%. The genome of the M. maritypicum strain was 3,668,377 bp long, with a G+C content of 68.44%.
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Charlton NC, Mastyugin M, Török B, Török M. Structural Features of Small Molecule Antioxidants and Strategic Modifications to Improve Potential Bioactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031057. [PMID: 36770724 PMCID: PMC9920158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This review surveys the major structural features in various groups of small molecules that are considered to be antioxidants, including natural and synthetic compounds alike. Recent advances in the strategic modification of known small molecule antioxidants are also described. The highlight is placed on changing major physicochemical parameters, including log p, bond dissociation energy, ionization potential, and others which result in improved antioxidant activity.
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22
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Cano A, Maestre AB, Hernández-ruiz J, Arnao MB. ABTS/TAC Methodology: Main Milestones and Recent Applications. Processes (Basel) 2023; 11:185. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid) is a widely used compound for determining the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plant extracts, food, clinical fluids, etc. This photometric assay is based on the reduction by the presence of antioxidant compounds of a well-known metastable radical (ABTS•+) which can be formed via several different approaches and be used in many different determination methodologies such as automated photometric measures in microplates, clinical robots, valuable titrations, and previous liquid chromatographic separation. Another interesting aspect is that, in some cases, the ABTS/TAC method permits sequential hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity determinations, obtaining total antioxidant activity values through the summatory data of both types of antioxidants. In this work, we present a review of several aspects of the ABTS/TAC, highlighting the major achievements that have made this method so widely used, e.g., ABTS radical formation in hydrophilic or lipophilic reaction media, measurement strategies, automatization, and adaptation to high-throughput systems, as well as the pros and cons. Moreover, some recent examples of ABTS/TAC method applications in plant, human, and animal samples are discussed.
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Yu Q, Xue F, Li Z, Li X, Ai L, Jin M, Xie M, Yu Y. Dietary Intake of Carotenoids and Risk of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36358577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of depression, the potential role of dietary antioxidant supplementation in the prevention of depression has attracted considerable attention. Most studies suggest that dietary carotenoids may play a role in maintaining depressive symptoms due to their antioxidant activity, but some studies concluded the contrary. This study conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to test the relationship between carotenoid supplements and depressive symptoms. After a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to 28 July 2022, 12 publications met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 8 were cross-sectional studies, 3 were case−control studies, and 1 was a cohort study, involving a total of 33,466 participants. Pooled meta-analysis found that intake of total carotenoids (OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.53, 0.71], p < 0.01), beta-carotene (OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.52, 0.70], p < 0.01), alpha-carotene (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.60, 0.83], p < 0.01), lycopene (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.55, 0.90], p < 0.01), lutein, and/or corn xanthin (OR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.43, 0.66], p < 0.01) was significantly inversely associated with depressive symptoms, while beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [0.52, 2.21], p = 0.86) had no significance. At the same time, this meta-analysis was free of publication bias and heterogeneity. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationship between carotenoids and depressive symptoms, and to further reveal the mechanism of their association, the results of our meta-analysis suggest that carotenoids are protective factors for depressive symptoms, and dietary intake may help in reducing the risk of depressive symptoms.
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Grivard A, Goubet I, Duarte Filho LMDS, Thiéry V, Chevalier S, de Oliveira-junior RG, El Aouad N, Guedes da Silva Almeida JR, Sitarek P, Quintans-junior LJ, Grougnet R, Agogué H, Picot L. Archaea Carotenoids: Natural Pigments with Unexplored Innovative Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:524. [PMID: 36005527 PMCID: PMC9410494 DOI: 10.3390/md20080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, marine microorganisms have raised great interest because of their major ecological function and their numerous applications for biotechnology and pharmacology. Particularly, Archaea represent a resource of great potential for the identification of new metabolites because of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and their original metabolic pathways, allowing the synthesis of unique biomolecules. Studies on archaeal carotenoids are still relatively scarce and only a few works have focused on their industrial scale production and their biotechnological and pharmacological properties, while the societal demand for these bioactive pigments is growing. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on carotenoid metabolism in Archaea and the potential applications of these pigments in biotechnology and medicine. After reviewing the ecology and classification of these microorganisms, as well as their unique cellular and biochemical characteristics, this paper highlights the most recent data concerning carotenoid metabolism in Archaea, the biological properties of these pigments, and biotechnological considerations for their production at industrial scale.
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Küpeli Akkol E, Bardakci H, Barak TH, Aschner M, Şeker Karatoprak G, Khan H, Hussain Y, Giudetti AM. Herbal Ingredients in the Prevention of Breast Cancer: Comprehensive Review of Potential Molecular Targets and Role of Natural Products. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-23. [PMID: 36017236 PMCID: PMC9398845 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6044640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among various cancers, breast cancer is the most prevalent type in women throughout the world. Breast cancer treatment is challenging due to complex nature of the etiology of disease. Cell division cycle alterations are often encountered in a variety of cancer types including breast cancer. Common treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy; however, adverse effects and multidrug resistance lead to complications and noncompliance. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for natural products from medicinal plants and foods. This review summarizes molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in breast cancer and identifies mechanisms by which natural compounds may exert their efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Obana A, Asaoka R, Miura A, Nozue M, Takayanagi Y, Nakamura M. Improving Skin Carotenoid Levels in Young Students through Brief Dietary Education Using the Veggie Meter. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081570. [PMID: 36009289 PMCID: PMC9405129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoid have been determined to aid in the prevention of a wide range of oxidative disorders, arteriosclerosis, obesity, and various types of cancers. In order to keep high carotenoid levels in the body, much of the vegetable and fruit (V/F) intake is mandatory. However, the actual intake of V/F is not enough in many countries. The aim of this study was to assess whether brief dietary education using the Veggie Meter (VM) that could measure skin carotenoid (SC) levels could induce the increase in carotenoid levels via V/F intake. Two hundred and sixty-one elementary and junior high school students (ages 7−14 years old) received brief educational session and SC evaluation by VM, and the changes in SC levels were examined after 6 months. The baseline VM scores ranged from 131 to 825, and the average significantly increased from 400.0 ± 124.7 (standard deviation) to 447.4 ± 140.4 at Month 6 (p < 0.0001). The percentage of increase at month 6 was negatively correlated with the baseline values (r = −0.36, p < 0.0001). This finding implies that subjects who became aware of their inferiority tended to make a significant effort to change their behavior. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that subjects taking much of green and yellow vegetables, drinking vegetable/tomato juice, and eating any fruit had higher VM scores than the average value. In conclusion, the educational approach using VM was supposed to be an effective method of raising awareness of the V/F shortage and increasing V/F intake that could indue the increase in SC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-53-474-2222
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayako Miura
- Faculty of Health Promotion Sciences, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-2102, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Nozue
- Faculty of Health Promotion Sciences, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-2102, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health & Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
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Shi G, Kim H, Koo S. Oxo-Carotenoids as Efficient Superoxide Radical Scavengers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081525. [PMID: 36009244 PMCID: PMC9405038 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxo-carotenoids containing conjugated carbonyl groups in their chains were designed to be more efficient superoxide radical scavengers than natural carotenoids, β-carotene and canthaxanthin. A practical chain-extension method for polyene dials (e.g., crocetin dial) was also proposed based on Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination. Double aldol condensation between polyene dials and acetophenones with ring substituents produced oxo-carotenoids with substituted benzene rings. The antioxidant activity of oxo-carotenoids was measured using DPPH (radical) and ABTS (cationic radical) scavenging assays and compared with the analysis with the superoxide (anionic radical) probe. An effective conjugation length by carbon–carbon double bonds is important to provide superior antioxidant activity for oxo-carotenoids, regardless of the type of radical probe used in the assay. Increasing electron density is favorable to strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, and the phenol group is favored in ABTS, whereas electron deficient oxo-carotenoids are very potent in the superoxide radical assay. All oxo-carotenoids exhibited 105~151% better superoxide radical scavenging activity compared to beta-carotene (100%), whereas 38~155% in DPPH and 16~96% in ABTS radical scavenging activities were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Shi
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Hyein Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Rakha SI, Elmetwally MA, El-Sheikh Ali H, Balboula AZ, Mahmoud AM, Zaabel SM. Lycopene Reduces the In Vitro Aging Phenotypes of Mouse Oocytes by Improving Their Oxidative Status. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070336. [PMID: 35878352 PMCID: PMC9324547 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovulation is the process of oocyte release from the ruptured mature ovarian follicle into the oviduct. Fertilization usually occurs within 10 h post-ovulation in most mammals. If fertilization is delayed, the oocyte viability and quality will decrease, with many deteriorative changes in oocyte phenotype due to oxidative stress. This process is termed postovulatory aging. Postovulatory aging is a major problem that limits the success of many assisted reproductive technologies. Lycopene is a red carotenoid dye found within tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables. Lycopene has been reported to have a strong free-radical scavenging ability. our data showed beneficial effects of lycopene supplementation of in vitro maturation media during in vitro aging of mouse oocytes by reducing the oxidative stress damages that led to their apoptosis. The present study introduces lycopene as a natural supplement to reduce the postovulatory aging of mammalian oocytes. Abstract Postovulatory aging is a major problem that limits the success of many assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Oxidative stress is a leading cause of oocyte aging. This study investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) medium during the aging of mouse oocytes on the oocytes’ morphology and oxidative stress status. Mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected and cultured in the IVM medium either for 17 h, (freshly matured oocytes), or for 48 h, (in vitro-aged oocytes), with or without lycopene. The rate of fragmented and degenerated oocytes and the oocyte levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated and compared. Oocytes aged with 200 nM lycopene revealed significantly less fragmentation and degeneration, lower H2O2 and MDA levels, and higher TAC, GSH and SOD levels than those aged without lycopene. CAT levels were unchanged by lycopene treatment. Taken together, our data showed beneficial effects of lycopene during in vitro aging of mouse oocytes by reducing the oxidative stress damages that lead to their apoptosis. The present study introduces lycopene as a natural supplement to reduce the postovulatory aging-dependent abnormalities of mammalian oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa I. Rakha
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.I.R.); (M.A.E.); (H.E.-S.A.); (A.Z.B.); (A.M.M.)
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Elmetwally
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.I.R.); (M.A.E.); (H.E.-S.A.); (A.Z.B.); (A.M.M.)
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.I.R.); (M.A.E.); (H.E.-S.A.); (A.Z.B.); (A.M.M.)
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zaky Balboula
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.I.R.); (M.A.E.); (H.E.-S.A.); (A.Z.B.); (A.M.M.)
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Abdelmonem Montaser Mahmoud
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.I.R.); (M.A.E.); (H.E.-S.A.); (A.Z.B.); (A.M.M.)
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samy M. Zaabel
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.I.R.); (M.A.E.); (H.E.-S.A.); (A.Z.B.); (A.M.M.)
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Wang S, Qi X. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916653. [PMID: 35814201 PMCID: PMC9263351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain. However, excessive prolonged neuroinflammation inevitably leads to lesions and disease. The use of natural compounds targeting pathways involved in neuroinflammation remains a promising strategy for treating different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is a well known antioxidant. Mounting evidence has revealed that astaxanthin is neuroprotective and has therapeutic potential by inhibiting neuroinflammation, however, its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in modulating neuroinflammation have not been systematically summarized. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in this field and provides an update on the medical value of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin modulates neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress, reducing the production of neuroinflammatory factors, inhibiting peripheral inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, astaxanthin scavenges radicals, triggers the Nrf2-induced activation of the antioxidant system, and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. With its good biosafety and high bioavailability, astaxanthin has strong potential for modulating neuroinflammation, although some outstanding issues still require further investigation.
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Chan YP, Chuang CH, Lee I, Yang NC. Lycopene in Combination With Sorafenib Additively Inhibits Tumor Metastasis in Mice Xenografted With Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886988. [PMID: 35711540 PMCID: PMC9197118 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. However, it is unclear whether lycopene can act as an adjuvant to increase the anti-metastatic activity of anticancer drugs. Here, we examined the anti-lung-metastatic effects and the mechanism of lycopene in combination with sorafenib in C57BL/6 mice xenografted with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. The mice were divided into five groups: (1) tumor control; (2) lycopene (5 mg/kg); (3) sorafenib (30 mg/kg); (4) lycopene (2 mg/kg) + sorafenib (30 mg/kg); (5) lycopene (5 mg/kg) + sorafenib (30 mg/kg). The results showed that lycopene reduced the number of metastatic tumors in the lungs, which was further suppressed by the combined treatment with sorafenib. The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and−9 were further inhibited and TIMP-1 and−2, and NM23-H1, the MMPs negative modulators, were further activated in the combined treatment. Mechanistically, we found that lycopene and sorafenib could additively inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, as shown by the protein phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 were reduced additively. Overall, the present study demonstrates that lycopene in combination with sorafenib additively inhibits the lung metastasis of tumor, indicating lycopene has potential as an adjuvant for sorafenib in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Chan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Inn Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Cherng Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Vladić J, Jerković I, Radman S, Molnar Jazić J, Ferreira A, Maletić S, Gouveia L. Supercritical CO 2 Extract from Microalga Tetradesmus obliquus: The Effect of High-Pressure Pre-Treatment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123883. [PMID: 35745004 PMCID: PMC9231020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure pre-treatment followed by supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction (300 bar, 40 °C) was applied for the attainment of the lipophilic fraction of microalga Tetradesmus obliquus. The chemical profile of supercritical extracts of T. obliquus was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). Moreover, the impact of ScCO2 on the microbiological and metal profile of the biomass was monitored. The application of the pre-treatment increased the extraction yield approximately three-fold compared to the control. In the obtained extracts (control and pre-treated extracts), the identified components belonged to triacylglyceroles, fatty acid derivatives, diacylglycerophosphocholines and diacylglycerophosphoserines, pigments, terpenes, and steroids. Triacylglycerols (65%) were the most dominant group of compounds in the control extract. The pre-treatment decreased the percentage of triacylglycerols to 2%, while the abundance of fatty acid derivatives was significantly increased (82%). In addition, the pre-treatment led to an increase in the percentages of carotenoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Furthermore, it was determined that ScCO2 extraction reduced the number of microorganisms in the biomass. Considering its microbiological and metal profiles, the biomass after ScCO2 can potentially be used as a safe and important source of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vladić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; or
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (I.J.); (L.G.)
| | - Sanja Radman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Jelena Molnar Jazić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Alice Ferreira
- LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, Paço Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Snežana Maletić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Luisa Gouveia
- LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, Paço Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
- GreenCoLab—Green Ocean Technologies and Products Collaborative Laboratory, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.J.); (L.G.)
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Cikoš AM, Šubarić D, Roje M, Babić J, Jerković I, Jokić S. Recent advances on macroalgal pigments and their biological activities (2016–2021). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Lau TY, Kwan HY. Fucoxanthin Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060370. [PMID: 35736173 PMCID: PMC9229252 DOI: 10.3390/md20060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance. This review aims to give an updated summary of the anti-cancer effects of Fx and summarize the underlying mechanisms of action, which will provide novel strategies for the development of Fx as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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Abstract
Carotenes are fat-soluble pigments found in a variety of foods, the majority of which are fruits and vegetables. They may have antioxidant biological properties due to their chemical makeup and relationship to cellular membranes. And over 700 carotenoids have been found, with—carotene, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin is the most significant antioxidant food pigments. Their capacity to absorb lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrous oxide is likely linked to their anti-oxidative properties (NO). The daily requirements for carotenoids are also discussed in this chapter. Heart disease is still a prominent source of sickness and mortality in modern societies. Natural antioxidants contained in fruits and vegetables, such as lycopene, a-carotene, and B-carotene, may help prevent CVD by reducing oxidative stress, which is a major factor in the disease’s progression. Numerous epidemiological studies have backed up the idea that antioxidants might be utilized to prevent and perhaps treat cardiovascular illnesses at a low cost. Supplements containing carotenoids are also available, and their effectiveness has been proven. This article provides an overview of carotenoids’ chemistry, including uptake, transport, availability, metabolism, and antioxidant activity, including its involvement with disease prevention, notably cardiovascular disease.
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Kim SH, Lee YC. Plant-Derived Nanoscale-Encapsulated Antioxidants for Oral and Topical Uses: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073638. [PMID: 35409001 PMCID: PMC8998173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plant-based nanoscale-encapsulated antioxidant compounds (rutin, myricetin, β-carotene, fisetin, lycopene, quercetin, genkwanin, lutein, resveratrol, eucalyptol, kaempferol, glabridin, pinene, and whole-plant bio-active compounds) are briefly introduced in this paper, along with their characteristics. Antioxidants’ bioavailability has become one of the main research topics in bio-nanomedicine. Two low patient compliance drug delivery pathways (namely, the oral and topical delivery routes), are described in detail in this paper, for nanoscale colloidal systems and gel formulations. Both routes and/or formulations seek to improve bioavailability and maximize the drug agents’ efficiency. Some well-known compounds have been robustly studied, but many remain elusive. The objective of this review is to discuss recent studies and advantages of nanoscale formulations of plant-derived antioxidant compounds.
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Pyeon DB, Lee SE, Yoon JW, Park HJ, Oh SH, Lee DG, Kim EY, Park SP. Comparison of the improving embryo development effects of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai extract, p-coumaric acid, and myricetin on porcine oocytes according to their antioxidant capacities. Theriogenology 2022; 185:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schmiedeskamp A, Schreiner M, Baldermann S. Impact of Cultivar Selection and Thermal Processing by Air Drying, Air Frying, and Deep Frying on the Carotenoid Content and Stability and Antioxidant Capacity in Carrots ( Daucus carota L.). J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:1629-1639. [PMID: 35090124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that consuming diets rich in carotenoids can reduce the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases. Thus, we investigated the extent to which carotenoid contents of foods can be increased by the choice of food matrices with naturally high carotenoid contents and thermal processing methods that maintain their stability. For this purpose, carotenoids of 15 carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars of different colors were assessed with UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS. Additionally, the processing effects of air drying, air frying, and deep frying on carotenoid stability were applied. Cultivar selection accounted for up to 12.9-fold differences in total carotenoid content in differently colored carrots and a 2.2-fold difference between orange carrot cultivars. Air frying for 18 and 25 min and deep frying for 10 min led to a significant decrease in total carotenoid contents. TEAC assay of lipophilic extracts showed a correlation between carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity in untreated carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Schmiedeskamp
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Food Metabolome, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 13, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
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Kabir MT, Rahman MH, Shah M, Jamiruddin MR, Basak D, Al-Harrasi A, Bhatia S, Ashraf GM, Najda A, El-Kott AF, Mohamed HRH, Al-Malky HS, Germoush MO, Altyar AE, Alwafai EB, Ghaboura N, Abdel-Daim MM. Therapeutic promise of carotenoids as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112610. [PMID: 35062074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis have various disease-specific causal factors and pathological features. A very common characteristic of NDs is oxidative stress (OS), which takes place due to the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species during the progression of NDs. Furthermore, the pathological condition of NDs including an increased level of protein aggregates can further lead to chronic inflammation because of the microglial activation. Carotenoids (CTs) are naturally occurring pigments that play a significant role in averting brain disorders. More than 750 CTs are present in nature, and they are widely available in plants, microorganisms, and animals. CTs are accountable for the red, yellow, and orange pigments in several animals and plants, and these colors usually indicate various types of CTs. CTs exert various bioactive properties because of its characteristic structure, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to the protective properties of CTs, levels of CTs in the human body have been markedly linked with the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases including NDs. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs. In addition, we have also particularly focused on the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties of CTs in the management of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Debasish Basak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hamdan S Al-Malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa B Alwafai
- Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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Park J, Choi SJ. Influence of interfacial characteristics and antioxidant polarity on the chemical stability of β-carotene in emulsions prepared using non-ionic surfactant blends. Food Chem 2022; 369:130945. [PMID: 34469841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of characteristics of the interfacial region and physical location of antioxidants on the chemical stability of β-carotene in emulsions, β-carotene-loaded emulsions were prepared with the blends of surfactants with different hydrophilic head sizes (ethylene oxide (EO) unit number). In addition, antioxidants having the different solubilities, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and lauryl gallate as lipophilic and amphiphilic antioxidants, respectively, were incorporated into emulsions. Decrease in the average EO unit number at interfacial region by surfactant blending did not affect the stability of β-carotene in emulsions at neutral pH but it had a positive effect on the β-carotene stability at acidic pH. Decrease in the average EO unit number at interfacial region reduced the ability of antioxidants, regardless of their polarity, to protect β-carotene in emulsions at neutral and acidic pH. TBHQ was more effective in retarding β-carotene degradation than lauryl gallate, independent of the interfacial composition and surfactant concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Neunfeld TH, Resende JTVD, Schwarz K, Guerra EP, Lima VAD, Valentim AL. Características físico-químicas e compostos bioativos de acessos de batata-doce na região centro-sul do Paraná. Braz J Food Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.26820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O alto valor nutricional e o baixo custo de comercialização têm impulsionado o consumo de raízes de batata-doce. Adicionalmente, a grande variabilidade genética levanta questionamentos sobre a qualidade pós-colheita dos acessos cultivados. Assim, o presente estudo objetiva caracterizar e avaliar as características físico-químicas e os compostos bioativos de raízes de batata-doce. Os tratamentos consistiram na avaliação de 11 acessos (UGA 34, UGA 37, UGA 49, UGA 73, UGA 76, UGA 81, UGA 110, UGA 125, UGA 126, UGA 127 e Parcela 49). Os atributos físico-químicos de firmeza (FI) e massa seca (MS) foram avaliados em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados. Avaliaram-se ainda pH, teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação entre sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável (SS/AT), e parâmetros colorimétricos L*, saturação de cor croma e tonalidade da cor pelo ângulo Hue obtidos da casca (externa) e da polpa (interna) das raízes. Avaliou-se também a concentração de compostos bioativos: carotenoides totais (CAR), compostos fenólicos (FEN) e teor de ácido ascórbico (AA), além da capacidade antioxidante hidrofílica e lipofílica (CAH e CAL) de amostras de batata-doce congelada. As análises foram realizadas em triplicata sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados indicaram grande variabilidade entre os acessos estudados, com maior rendimento de raízes de UGA 125 e UGA 127. Os acessos UGA 126 e UGA 34 sobressaíram-se quanto aos teores de sólidos solúveis, à capacidade antioxidante hidrofílica e lipofílica, à firmeza e à matéria seca; seus parâmetros colorimétricos também se destacaram dos demais acessos. Os acessos UGA 73 e UGA 81 apresentaram maiores teores de compostos fenólicos. Dessa forma, identificou-se o potencial produtivo dos acessos estudados que nos permite indicar os acessos mais promissores ao cultivo e ao consumo.
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Gluba-Brzózka A. Ageing, Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk and the Beneficial Role of Natural Components Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:183. [PMID: 35008609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, in a natural way, leads to the gradual worsening of the functional capacity of all systems and, eventually, to death. This process is strongly associated with higher metabolic and oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, accumulation of DNA mutations and increased levels of related damage. Detrimental changes that accumulate in body cells and tissues with time raise the vulnerability to environmental challenges and enhance the risk of major chronic diseases and mortality. There are several theses concerning the mechanisms of ageing: genetic, free radical telomerase, mitochondrial decline, metabolic damage, cellular senescence, neuroendocrine theory, Hay-flick limit and membrane theories, cellular death as well as the accumulation of toxic and non-toxic garbage. Moreover, ageing is associated with structural changes within the myocardium, cardiac conduction system, the endocardium as well as the vasculature. With time, the cardiac structures lose elasticity, and fibrotic changes occur in the heart valves. Ageing is also associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis. The results of studies suggest that some natural compounds may slow down this process and protect against age-related diseases. Animal studies imply that some of them may prolong the lifespan; however, this trend is not so obvious in humans.
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Flegler A, Lipski A. The C50 carotenoid bacterioruberin regulates membrane fluidity in pink-pigmented Arthrobacter species. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204. [PMID: 34951666 PMCID: PMC8709818 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids have several crucial biological functions and are part of the cold adaptation mechanism of some bacteria. Some pink-pigmented Arthrobacter species produce the rare C50 carotenoid bacterioruberin, whose function in these bacteria is unclear and is found mainly in halophilic archaea. Strains Arthrobacter agilis DSM 20550T and Arthrobacter bussei DSM 109896T show an increased bacterioruberin content if growth temperature is reduced from 30 down to 10 °C. In vivo anisotropy measurements with trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene showed increased membrane fluidity and a broadening phase transition with increased bacterioruberin content in the membrane at low-temperature growth. Suppression of bacterioruberin synthesis at 10 °C using sodium chloride confirmed the function of bacterioruberin in modulating membrane fluidity. Increased bacterioruberin content also correlated with increased cell resistance to freeze–thaw stress. These findings confirmed the adaptive function of bacterioruberin for growth at low temperatures for pink-pigmented Arthrobacter species.
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Walton SJ, Silla AJ, Endler JA, Byrne PG. Does dietary β-carotene influence ontogenetic colour change in the southern corroboree frog? J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273479. [PMID: 34694382 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic colour change occurs in a diversity of vertebrate taxa and may be closely linked to dietary changes throughout development. In various species, red, orange and yellow colouration can be enhanced by the consumption of carotenoids. However, a paucity of long-term dietary manipulation studies means that little is known of the role of individual carotenoid compounds in ontogenetic colour change. We know even less about the influence of individual compounds at different doses (dose effects). The present study aimed to use a large dietary manipulation experiment to investigate the effect of dietary β-carotene supplementation on colouration in southern corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) during early post-metamorphic development. Frogs were reared on four dietary treatments with four β-carotene concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg g-1), with frog colour measured every 8 weeks for 32 weeks. β-Carotene was not found to influence colouration at any dose. However, colouration was found to become more conspicuous over time, including in the control treatment. Moreover, all frogs expressed colour maximally at a similar point in development. These results imply that, for our study species, (1) β-carotene may contribute little or nothing to colouration, (2) frogs can manufacture their own colour, (3) colour development is a continual process and (4) there may have been selection for synchronised development of colour expression. We discuss the potential adaptive benefit of ontogenetic colour change in P. corroboree. More broadly, we draw attention to the potential for adaptive developmental synchrony in the expression of colouration in aposematic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Walton
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Aimee J Silla
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - John A Endler
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Phillip G Byrne
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Abd Al Haleem EN, Ahmed HI, El-Naga RN. Lycopene and Chrysin through Mitigation of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress Exerted Antidepressant Effects in Clonidine-Induced Depression-like Behavior in Rats. J Diet Suppl 2021; 20:391-410. [PMID: 34633271 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1988797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a severely debilitating psychiatric disorder that influences more than 15% of the population worldwide. It has been demonstrated that it is associated with a high risk of developing other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, epilepsy, and cancer. The current study examines the possibility of chrysin and lycopene having an antidepressant effect in a rat model of depression induced by clonidine, as well as the mechanisms underlying this effect, including the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Rats were allotted into seven groups. The rats in group 1 served as a control. Group 2 received lycopene only. Group 3 was provided chrysin only. Group 4 was administered clonidine and served as the model. Group 5 was offered lycopene and clonidine. Group 6 was administered chrysin and clonidine. Group 7 was given FLX and clonidine and represented the standard. The experiment lasted two weeks, during which behavioral, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical measurements were performed. Lycopene and chrysin were used to correct the concentrations of noradrenaline and serotonin hippocampal tissue concentrations. These findings were also improved by immunohistochemical analysis of GFAP, VEGF, caspase3, and histopathological examinations, in which pretreatment of rats with lycopene and chrysin reversed all clonidine-induced alterations. The current research demonstrates that lycopene and chrysin have an auspicious antidepressant effect against clonidine that provoked behavioral hopelessness in rats. Manipulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis may partially represent the corrective mechanism for the neuroprotective actions against the depressive effect of clonidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ismaiel MMS, El-Ayouty YM, Fathey HA. Disparity of the carotenoids antioxidant properties of wild-type and D-PSY-transgenic Dunaliella parva strains under three environmental stresses. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:2151-2163. [PMID: 34744358 PMCID: PMC8526634 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Two strains of the halophilic alga Dunaliella parva, a wild type (WT) and a transgenic strain (D-PSY) containing an exogenous phytoene synthase gene (PSY), were used to investigate the growth, carotenoid accumulation, and carotenoid antioxidant properties under nitrogen starvation, cobalt and biochar treatments. D-PSY had higher carotenoid content (1.8 times) compared to the WT. The applied stressors stimulated the carotenoid content of both WT and D-PSY especially. The carotenoids were assayed for the potential antioxidant activities by five different assays. Generally, the antioxidant activities of D-PSY carotenoids were superior to that of WT. The biochar and nitrogen treatments generally enhanced the antioxidant activities of the carotenoids, whereas cobalt came third in this respect. The D-PSY transgenic algal strain has both high carotenoids content and antioxidant properties which enhanced under the relatively lower concentrations of the applied stressors. The results have shown to lead to an accurate application of the transgenic alga as a source of potent antioxidant compounds. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01077-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. S. Ismaiel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Yassin M. El-Ayouty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Fathey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, El-Seedi HR, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine 2021; 91:153676. [PMID: 34339943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shi G, Gu L, Jung H, Chung WJ, Koo S. Apocarotenals of Phenolic Carotenoids for Superior Antioxidant Activities. ACS Omega 2021; 6:25096-25108. [PMID: 34604688 PMCID: PMC8482777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of para-phenolic carotenes 1 with ortho- and meta-substitutions were respectively prepared utilizing the benzenesulfonyl protection method, which demonstrated the importance of the ring substituents on their effective conjugation, evaluated by their UV absorption values. The corresponding apo-12'-carotenals 2 were devised to improve the conjugation effect of the para-phenolic radical with the polyene chain by the conjugated aldehyde group. Apo-12'-carotenals 2b and 2c without ortho-substituents exhibited superior antioxidant activities to their corresponding symmetrical carotenes 1 as well as β-carotene and apo-12'-β-carotenal in 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Shi
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji
University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
| | - Lina Gu
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji
University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
- School
of Pharmacy, East China University of Science
and Technology, Meilong
Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hyunuk Jung
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji
University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji
University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology, Myongji
University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
- School
of Pharmacy, East China University of Science
and Technology, Meilong
Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
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48
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Kesbiç FI, Gültepe N. C 50 carotenoids extracted from Haloterrigena thermotolerans strain K15: antioxidant potential and identification. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021. [PMID: 34510323 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea are one of the microorganism groups that have adapted to living in high saline environments and are important in terms of their potential use in biotechnology industry. One of the most important compounds they have, carotenoid, is used in food, cosmetics, and medical industries. The selected strain was identified as an extremely halophilic and thermophilic archaeon, Haloterrigena thermotolerans K15, based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological evidence as well as 16S rRNA analysis and screened by a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope for the first time. The carotenoid contents of H. thermotolerans K15 isolated from Salt Lake (Tuz Gölü, Turkey) were determined by RP-HPLC-DAD and their isomers were characterized according to UV-Vis spectra by cis peak intensity and spectral fine structure. In addition to all-trans bacterioruberin as a major carotenoid, many isomers of the bacterioruberin such as monoanhydrobacterioruberin and bisanhydrobacterioruberin were also found. The antioxidant activity of carotenoid extract from H. thermotolerans was analyzed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. The carotenoid extract showed antioxidant activity statistically significantly higher than ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene as reference compounds (p < 0.05). This is the first study about carotenoid characterization and antioxidant activity of H. thermotolerans K15. The obtained results suggest the potential use of H. thermotolerans K15 products as a substitute for synthesized chemical carotenoids and antioxidants.
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49
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Mozaheb N, Arefian E, Aliyan A, Amoozegar MA. Induction of the antioxidant defense system using long-chain carotenoids extracted from extreme halophilic archaeon, Halovenus aranensis. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:165-175. [PMID: 34487298 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The field of microbial pigments is an emerging area in natural products science. Carotenoids form a major class of such pigments and are found to be diversely synthesized by microorganisms that reside in hypersaline ecosystems to provide resistance against oxidative stress. Human cells can benefit from compounds such as carotenoids as antioxidant agents through either their capability to quench free radicals or their effect on promoting the antioxidant defense pathway. In this study, the antioxidant effectiveness of carotenoid extract from an extremely halophilic archaeon Halovenus aranensis strain EB27T has been evaluated using different approaches. Finally, the ability of the extracted pigment to induce the antioxidant defense pathway of human primary skin fibroblast cells was studied. Hvn. aranensis carotenoid extract exhibited strong effectiveness such that at 2 µg/ml, the carotenoid extract fully neutralized the oxidative stress of hydrogen peroxide at its EC50 based on MTT assay. Results from real-time PCR of relevant genes, luciferase bioreporter of oxidative stress, and the western blot analysis further confirmed the antioxidant capability of the carotenoids. It was also shown the carotenoid extract had more antioxidant activity compared to β-carotene the same concentration. Results suggest the carotenoid extract from this archaeon to have high potential for clinical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mozaheb
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Aliyan
- Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), Tehran, 1991633361, Iran.,Khatam University, Tehran, 1991633356, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Qu M, Shi H, Wang K, Wang X, Yu N, Guo B. The Associations of Plasma/Serum Carotenoids with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1055-1066. [PMID: 34151808 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple lines of evidence indicate protective effects of carotenoids in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous epidemiological studies reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between carotenoids levels and the risk of AD. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to evaluate the associations of six major members of carotenoids with the occurrence of AD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Ebsco, and PsycINFO databases was conducted, and the quality of each included studies was evaluated by a validated scoring systems. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined by using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected using funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS Sixteen studies, with 10,633 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significantly lower plasma/serum levels of lutein (SMD = -0.86, 95% CI: -1.67 to -0.05, p = 0.04) and zeaxanthin (SMD = -0.59; 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.06, p = 0.03) in patients with AD versus cognitively intact controls, while α-carotene (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: -0.68 to 0.26, p = 0.39), β-carotene (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.57 to 0.65, p = 0.9), lycopene (SMD = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.96 to 0.72, p = 0.78), and β-cryptoxanthin (SMD = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.83 to 0.65, p = 0.81) did not achieve significant differences. CONCLUSION Of six major members of carotenoids, only lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma/serum were inversely related to the risk of AD. More high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Qu
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Shi
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinggang Wang
- Zibo Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases (Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College), Shandong, China
| | - Nan Yu
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Baoshi Guo
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
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