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Jahanshahi S, Nejad HR, Kazemi B, Saeedi P. Cytokines signatures and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients from Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. Gene 2024; 903:148224. [PMID: 38286270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a complex, multifactorial disease that results from environmental factors such as parasite polymorphism, phlebotomine vectors, and host genetic factors. Some studies have identified specific genetic factors that may be associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The objective of this research was to resolve the association of 8 cytokine polymorphisms, including TNF-α -308 A/G (rs 1800629), TNF-α -238 A/G (rs 361525), TGF-β1 -509 T/C (rs 1800469), TGF-β1+ 915 G/C (rs 1800471), IFN-γ -874 T/A (rs 2430561), IFN-γ -179 G/A (rs 2069709), IL-10 -819 C/T (rs 1800871), and IL-10 -592 A/C (rs 1800872) with susceptibility to CL. METHODS A total of 152 patients with designated CL and 100 healthy controls were selected from those referred to Sistan and Baluchestan hospitals. CL was diagnosed by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained samples and culture. Leishmania species were identified using ITS2 gene PCR amplification with universal primers. Genetic polymorphism was determined by the ARMS PCR method on extracted genomic DNA of individuals. Eight SNPs cytokines were genotyped. RESULTS Most of the Genotypic and allelic frequency comparisons between patients with CL and healthy subjects showed no difference, except 3. Individual SNP analysis showed highest association of TGF-β1 -509 (rs1800469) -CC genotype (P = 0.03, OR = 7.05, 95 % CI = 3.3-15) with 5.7-fold increase, IFN-γ -874 (rs 2430561) -AA genotype (P = 0.04, OR = 4.72, 95 % CI = 1.6-14) with 4.2-fold increase, and IL10 -819 (rs1800871) -CC genotype (P = 0.05, OR = 3.63, 95 % CI = 2.5-5.3) with 1.9-fold increase, with CL. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated to assess the association power. CONCLUSION Our results conclude that rs1800469 (TGF-β1), rs2430561 (INF-γ), and rs1800872 (IL10) polymorphisms are associated with CL in southeastern Iranian people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Jahanshahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Rouhani Nejad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Saeedi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Carneiro FM, da Cruz AB, Maia MM, Taniwaki NN, Pereira IDS, Namiyama GM, Gava R, Hiramoto RM, Vicente B, Midlej V, Mariante RM, Pereira-Chioccola VL. Extracellular Vesicles from Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Contribute in Stimulating Immune Response and Immunosuppression in Hosts with Visceral Leishmaniasis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38399674 PMCID: PMC10892469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic systemic disease. In Brazil this infection is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by Leishmania species have different functions like the modulation of host immune systems and inflammatory responses, among others. This study evaluated the participation of EVs from L. (L.) infantum (Leish-EVs) in recognition of the humoral and cellular immune response of hosts with VL. Promastigotes were cultivated in 199 medium and, in the log phase of growth, they were centrifuged, washed, resus-pended in RPMI medium, and incubated for 2 to 24 h, at 25 °C or 37 °C to release Leish-EVs. This dynamic was evaluated using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopies, as well as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The results suggested that parasite penetration in mammal macrophages requires more Leish-EVs than those living in insect vectors, since promastigotes incubated at 37 °C released more Leish-EVs than those incubated at 25 °C. Infected THP-1 cells produced high EV concentration (THP-1 cells-EVs) when compared with those from the control group. The same results were obtained when THP-1 cells were treated with Leish-EVs or a crude Leishmania antigen. These data indicated that host-EV concentrations could be used to distinguish infected from uninfected hosts. THP-1 cells treated with Leish-EVs expressed more IL-12 than control THP-1 cells, but were unable to express IFN-γ. These same cells highly expressed IL-10, which inhibited TNF-α and IL-6. Equally, THP-1 cells treated with Leish-EVs up-expressed miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p. In conclusion, THP-1 cells treated with Leish-EVs highly expressed miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p and caused the dysregulation of IL-10. Indirectly, these results suggest that high expression of these miRNAs species is caused by Leish-EVs. Consequently, this molecular via can contribute to immunosuppression causing enhanced immunopathology in infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francieli Marinho Carneiro
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (F.M.C.); (A.B.d.C.); (M.M.M.); (I.d.S.P.); (R.G.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Allecineia Bispo da Cruz
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (F.M.C.); (A.B.d.C.); (M.M.M.); (I.d.S.P.); (R.G.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Marta Marques Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (F.M.C.); (A.B.d.C.); (M.M.M.); (I.d.S.P.); (R.G.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki
- Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (N.N.T.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Ingrid de Siqueira Pereira
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (F.M.C.); (A.B.d.C.); (M.M.M.); (I.d.S.P.); (R.G.); (R.M.H.)
- Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (N.N.T.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Gislene Mitsue Namiyama
- Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (N.N.T.); (G.M.N.)
| | - Ricardo Gava
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (F.M.C.); (A.B.d.C.); (M.M.M.); (I.d.S.P.); (R.G.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (F.M.C.); (A.B.d.C.); (M.M.M.); (I.d.S.P.); (R.G.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Bruno Vicente
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (B.V.); (V.M.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (B.V.); (V.M.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Rafael Meyer Mariante
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (B.V.); (V.M.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (F.M.C.); (A.B.d.C.); (M.M.M.); (I.d.S.P.); (R.G.); (R.M.H.)
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de Barros RAM, Torrecilhas AC, Marciano MAM, Mazuz ML, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Fux B. Toxoplasmosis in Human and Animals Around the World. Diagnosis and Perspectives in the One Health Approach. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106432. [PMID: 35390311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a unique health disease that significantly affects the health of humans, domestic animals, wildlife and is present in ecosystems, including water, soil and food. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the best-adapted parasites in the word. This parasite is able to persist for long periods in its hosts, in different geographic regions of the word. This review summarizes the current literature of these themes, focusing on: (1) toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection; (2) One health approach and toxoplasmosis; (3) human toxoplasmosis; (4) animal toxoplasmosis; (5) toxoplasmosis diagnosis, as immunological, parasitological and molecular diagnosis; (6) T. gondii outbreaks caused by infected meat, milk and dairy products, as well as, vegetables and water consume; (7) studies in experimental models; (8) genetic characterization of T. gondii strains; (9) extracellular vesicles and miRNA; and (10) future perspectives on T. gondii and toxoplasmosis. The vast prevalence of toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals and the dispersion and resistence of T. gondii parasites in environment highlight the importance of the one health approach in diagnostic and control of the disease. Here the different aspects of the one health approach are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Aparecida Müller de Barros
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil..
| | | | - Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz
- Parasitology Division, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israeli Veterinary Service and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Beit Dagan, 5025000, Israel..
| | | | - Blima Fux
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
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Taraghian M, Hanif H, Mousavi P, Cheshmeh ZB, Samei A, Abdollahi A, Vazini H. The Comparison of the IFN-ɤ, TNF-α and IL-10 Cytokines in Healing and Non-healing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Iran J Parasitol 2021; 16:490-498. [PMID: 34630595 PMCID: PMC8476719 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the main vectors borne and neglected tropical parasitic diseases. T cell cytokine responses are highly important in the presentations of disease such as control or progression, and understanding of the host immunological response is valuable in diagnosis, follow-up, and vaccine designs. In the current study, the profile of IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines was investigated through the ELISA technique in PBMCs isolated from antimony resistance and susceptible patients. Methods: In this experimental study, 54 patients with healing (n=27) or non-healing (n=27) CL were recruited. Lesion samples were collected to determine the genotype of Leishmania spp. and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained to evaluate the cytokines profiles using soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) mitogen. Cytokines were assessed by the ELISA technique Results: The IFN-ɤ and TNF-α cytokines were significantly increased in the healing group treated with both SLA antigen and PHA mitogen (P<0.001). The level of IL-10 was significantly increased in non-healing and significantly declined in healing groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: The profile of IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines are crucially associated with the response of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Taraghian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Helena Hanif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Parisa Mousavi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Azam Samei
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hossein Vazini
- Nursing Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Chauhan P, Patidar A, Sarkar A, Sharifi I, Saha B. Interleukin-27 Functional Duality Balances Leishmania Infectivity and Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1573. [PMID: 32849534 PMCID: PMC7427467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-27 is a cytokine that exerts diverse effects on the cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. Chiefly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells during the early phase of Leishmania infection, IL-27 contributes to the protection against L. major infection but suppresses the protective Th1 response against L. donovani, L. infantum, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis infections, suggesting its functional duality. During the late stage of Leishmania infection, IL-27 limits the immunopathogenic reactions and tissue damages. Herein, we analyze the mechanism of the functional duality of IL-27 in the resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania infection, prompting IL-27 for anti-Leishmanial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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