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Suh SB, Suh JY, Cho SB. Analyzing secretory proteins in human dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium for angiogenesis: A bioinformatic approach. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13568. [PMID: 38200622 PMCID: PMC10781896 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conditioned medium from human dermal fibroblasts (dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium; DFCM) contains a diverse array of secretory proteins, including growth factors and wound repair-promoting proteins. Angiogenesis, a crucial process that facilitates the infiltration of inflammatory cells during wound repair, is induced by a hypoxic environment and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of 337 proteins identified through proteomics analysis of DFCM. We specifically focused on 64 DFCM proteins with potential involvement in angiogenesis. These proteins were further classified based on their characteristics, and we conducted a detailed analysis of their protein-protein interactions. RESULTS Gene Ontology protein classification categorized these 64 DFCM proteins into various classes, including metabolite interconversion enzymes (N = 11), protein modifying enzymes (N = 10), protein-binding activity modulators (N = 9), cell adhesion molecules (N = 6), extracellular matrix proteins (N = 6), transfer/carrier proteins (N = 3), calcium-binding proteins (N = 2), chaperones (N = 2), cytoskeletal proteins (N = 2), RNA metabolism proteins (N = 1), intercellular signal molecules (N = 1), transporters (N = 1), scaffold/adaptor proteins (N = 1), and unclassified proteins (N = 9). Furthermore, our protein-protein interaction network analysis of DFCM proteins revealed two distinct networks: one with medium confidence level interaction scores, consisting of 60 proteins with significant connections, and another at a high confidence level, comprising 52 proteins with significant interactions. CONCLUSIONS Our bioinformatic analysis highlights the presence of a multitude of secretory proteins in DFCM that form significant protein-protein interaction networks crucial for regulating angiogenesis. These findings underscore the critical roles played by DFCM proteins in various stages of angiogenesis during the wound repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung Bin Cho
- Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser ClinicSeoulSouth Korea
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2
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Loiseau A, Raîche-Marcoux G, Maranda C, Bertrand N, Boisselier E. Animal Models in Eye Research: Focus on Corneal Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16661. [PMID: 38068983 PMCID: PMC10706114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is a complex sensory organ that enables visual perception of the world. The dysfunction of any of these tissues can impair vision. Conduction studies on laboratory animals are essential to ensure the safety of therapeutic products directly applied or injected into the eye to treat ocular diseases before eventually proceeding to clinical trials. Among these tissues, the cornea has unique homeostatic and regenerative mechanisms for maintaining transparency and refraction of external light, which are essential for vision. However, being the outermost tissue of the eye and directly exposed to the external environment, the cornea is particularly susceptible to injury and diseases. This review highlights the evidence for selecting appropriate animals to better understand and treat corneal diseases, which rank as the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide. The development of reliable and human-relevant animal models is, therefore, a valuable research tool for understanding and translating fundamental mechanistic findings, as well as for assessing therapeutic potential in humans. First, this review emphasizes the unique characteristics of animal models used in ocular research. Subsequently, it discusses current animal models associated with human corneal pathologies, their utility in understanding ocular disease mechanisms, and their role as translational models for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Loiseau
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Gabrielle Raîche-Marcoux
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cloé Maranda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Elodie Boisselier
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (G.R.-M.); (C.M.)
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3
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Gross C, Guérin LP, Socol BG, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Ins and Outs of Clusterin: Its Role in Cancer, Eye Diseases and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13182. [PMID: 37685987 PMCID: PMC10488069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein originally discovered in 1983 in ram testis fluid. Rapidly observed in other tissues, it was initially given various names based on its function in different tissues. In 1992, it was finally named CLU by consensus. Nearly omnipresent in human tissues, CLU is strongly expressed at fluid-tissue interfaces, including in the eye and in particular the cornea. Recent research has identified different forms of CLU, with the most prominent being a 75-80 kDa heterodimeric protein that is secreted. Another truncated version of CLU (55 kDa) is localized to the nucleus and exerts pro-apoptotic activities. CLU has been reported to be involved in various physiological processes such as sperm maturation, lipid transportation, complement inhibition and chaperone activity. CLU was also reported to exert important functions in tissue remodeling, cell-cell adhesion, cell-substratum interaction, cytoprotection, apoptotic cell death, cell proliferation and migration. Hence, this protein is sparking interest in tissue wound healing. Moreover, CLU gene expression is finely regulated by cytokines, growth factors and stress-inducing agents, leading to abnormally elevated levels of CLU in many states of cellular disturbance, including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. In the eye, CLU expression has been reported as being severely increased in several pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuch's corneal dystrophy, while it is depleted in others, such as pathologic keratinization. Nevertheless, the precise role of CLU in the development of ocular pathologies has yet to be deciphered. The question of whether CLU expression is influenced by these disorders or contributes to them remains open. In this article, we review the actual knowledge about CLU at both the protein and gene expression level in wound healing, and explore the possibility that CLU is a key factor in cancer and eye diseases. Understanding the expression and regulation of CLU could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Bianca G. Socol
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Li SY, Yoshida Y, Kubota M, Zhang BS, Matsutani T, Ito M, Yajima S, Yoshida K, Mine S, Machida T, Hayashi A, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Ohno M, Nishi E, Kitamura K, Kamitsukasa I, Takizawa H, Sata M, Yamagishi K, Iso H, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Iwase K, Shimada H, Iwadate Y, Hiwasa T. Utility of atherosclerosis-associated serum antibodies against colony-stimulating factor 2 in predicting the onset of acute ischemic stroke and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1042272. [PMID: 36844744 PMCID: PMC9954151 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1042272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoantibodies against inflammatory cytokines may be used for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Preclinical studies consider colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as an essential cytokine with a causal relationship to atherosclerosis and cancer. We examined the serum anti-CSF2 antibody levels in patients with atherosclerosis or solid cancer. Methods We measured the serum anti-CSF2 antibody levels via amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recognition of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fused CSF2 protein or a CSF2-derived peptide as the antigen. Results The serum anti-CSF2 antibody (s-CSF2-Ab) levels were significantly higher in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy donors (HDs). In addition, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were associated with intima-media thickness and hypertension. The analyzes of samples obtained from a Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study suggested the utility of s-CSF2-Ab as a risk factor for AIS. Furthermore, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were higher in patients with esophageal, colorectal, gastric, and lung cancer than in HDs but not in those with mammary cancer. In addition, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were associated with unfavorable postoperative prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). In CRC, the s-CSF2-Ab levels were more closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with p53-Ab-negative CRC despite the lack of significant association of the anti-p53 antibody (p53-Ab) levels with the overall survival. Conclusion S-CSF2-Ab was useful for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis-related AIS, AMI, DM, and CKD and could discriminate poor prognosis, especially in p53-Ab-negative CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yang Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kubota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bo-Shi Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsutani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Machida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aiko Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Port Square Kashiwado Clinic, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuro Iwase
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Suh SB, Ahn KJ, Kim EJ, Suh JY, Cho SB. Proteomic Identification and Quantification of Secretory Proteins in Human Dermal Fibroblast-Conditioned Medium for Wound Repair and Hair Regeneration. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1145-1157. [PMID: 37153723 PMCID: PMC10162110 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s407078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Human dermal fibroblasts secrete numerous growth factors and proteins that have been suggested to promote wound repair and hair regeneration. Methods Human dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium (DFCM) was prepared, and proteomic analysis was performed. Secretory proteins in DFCM were identified using 1-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in-gel trypsin protein digestion, and quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Identified proteins were analyzed using bioinformatic methods for the classification and evaluation of protein-protein interactions. Results Using LC-MS/MS, 337 proteins were identified in DFCM. Among them, 160 proteins were associated with wound repair, and 57 proteins were associated with hair regeneration. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of 160 DFCM proteins for wound repair at the highest confidence score (0.9) revealed that 110 proteins were grouped into seven distinctive interaction networks. Additionally, protein-protein interaction network analysis of 57 proteins for hair regeneration at the highest confidence score revealed that 29 proteins were grouped into five distinctive interaction networks. The identified DFCM proteins were associated with several pathways for wound repair and hair regeneration, including epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor, integrin, Wnt, cadherin, and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways. Conclusion DFCM contains numerous secretory proteins that comprise groups of protein-protein interaction networks that regulate wound repair and hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keun Jae Ahn
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | | | | | - Sung Bin Cho
- Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Sung Bin Cho, Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, 224 Siheung-daero, Seoul, 08628, Korea, Tel +82 2-2135-1375, Fax +82 70-8250-1375, Email
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6
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Li X, Jin X, Wang J, Li X, Zhang H. Dexamethasone attenuates dry eye-induced pyroptosis by regulating the KCNQ1OT1/miR-214 cascade. Steroids 2022; 186:109073. [PMID: 35779698 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is an inflammatory disorder of the ocular surface seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Topical dexamethasone (Dex) administration protects the cornea from the hyperosmotic stress (HS) induced by tears. Pyroptosis participates in the activation of epithelial inflammation during DED. However, it remains unclear whether Dex attenuates the progression of DED through pyroptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Dex on DED using both cell and animal models and its underlying mechanism. The inflammatory factors contained in tears were detected using a cytokine assay. The pyroptosis in DED mice and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) treated with hyperosmotic medium under various treatments was evaluated by immunohistochemical assays (IHC) or western blotting (WB). RNA expression was manipulated with siRNA or agomir microRNAs and measured using a polymerase chain reaction. The scratch assay was used to assess the migration rate of HCECs. Remaining corneal defects were evaluated using fluorescein staining and photographed using a digital camera. Dex could suppress the release of inflammatory factors and notably attenuate pyroptosis, KCNQ1OT1 expression, and NF-κB activation induced by HS injury in vivo and in vitro. KCNQ1OT1 upregulation could activate pyroptosis by sponging miR-214. Furthermore, KCNQ1OT1 knockdown and miR-214 overexpression reversed the effect of HS, promoted the migration of HCECs, and accelerated corneal wound healing. Dex effectively suppressed HS-induced pyroptosis through the KCNQ1OT1/miR-214/caspase-1 signaling axis by inhibiting the NF-κB activation. Our results provide a novel understanding of the mechanism of Dex as an anti-inflammatory drug in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Li
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jingrao Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.
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7
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Desjardins P, Le-Bel G, Ghio SC, Germain L, Guérin SL. The WNK1 kinase regulates the stability of transcription factors during wound healing of human corneal epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2434-2450. [PMID: 35150137 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to its superficial anatomical localization, the cornea is continuously subjected to injuries. Damages to the corneal epithelium trigger important changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix to which the basal human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs) attach. These changes are perceived by membrane-bound integrins and ultimately lead to re-epithelialization of the injured epithelium through intracellular signalin. Among the many downstream targets of the integrin-activated signaling pathways, WNK1 is the kinase whose activity is the most strongly increased during corneal wound healing. We previously demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of WNK1 prevents proper closure of wounded human tissue-engineered cornea in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which WNK1 contributes to corneal wound healing. By exploiting transcription factors microarrays, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, and gene profiling analyses, we demonstrated that the DNA binding properties and expression of numerous transcription factors (TFs), including the well-known, ubiquitous TFs specific protein 1 (Sp1) and activator protein 1 (AP1), were reduced in hCECs upon WNK1 inhibition by WNK463. This process appears to be mediated at least in part by alteration in both the ubiquitination and glycosylation status of these TFs. These changes in TFs activity and expression impacted the transcription of several genes, including that encoding the α5 integrin subunit, a well-known target of both Sp1 and AP1. Gene profiling revealed that only a moderate number of genes in hCECs had their level of expression significantly altered in response to WNK463 exposition. Interestingly, analysis of the microarray data for these deregulated genes using the ingenuity pathway analysis software predicted that hCECs would stop migrating and proliferating but differentiate more when they are grown in the presence of the WNK1 inhibitor. These results demonstrate that WNK1 plays a critical function by orienting hCECs into the appropriate biological response during the process of corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Desjardins
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie - Recherche (CUO-Recherche) et Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie - Recherche (CUO-Recherche) et Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sergio C Ghio
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie - Recherche (CUO-Recherche) et Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain L Guérin
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie - Recherche (CUO-Recherche) et Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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8
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Gross C, Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Benhassine M, Germain L, Guérin SL. Contribution of the Transcription Factors Sp1/Sp3 and AP-1 to Clusterin Gene Expression during Corneal Wound Healing of Tissue-Engineered Human Corneas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12426. [PMID: 34830308 PMCID: PMC8621254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the need for donor corneas, understanding of corneal wound healing and development of an entirely tissue-engineered human cornea (hTECs) is of prime importance. In this study, we exploited the hTEC to determine how deep wound healing affects the transcriptional pattern of corneal epithelial cells through microarray analyses. We demonstrated that the gene encoding clusterin (CLU) has its expression dramatically repressed during closure of hTEC wounds. Western blot analyses confirmed a strong reduction in the expression of the clusterin isoforms after corneal damage and suggest that repression of CLU gene expression might be a prerequisite to hTEC wound closure. Transfection with segments from the human CLU gene promoter revealed the presence of three regulatory regions: a basal promoter and two more distal negative regulatory regions. The basal promoter bears DNA binding sites for very potent transcription factors (TFs): Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) and Specificity protein-1 and 3 (Sp1/Sp3). By exploiting electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we demonstrated that AP-1 and Sp1/Sp3 have their DNA binding site overlapping with one another in the basal promoter of the CLU gene in hCECs. Interestingly, expression of both these TFs is reduced (at the protein level) during hTEC wound healing, thereby contributing to the extinction of CLU gene expression during that process. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the repression of CLU gene expression during corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Manel Benhassine
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie-Recherche (CUO-Recherche), Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Cao Q, Li Y, Li Y, Li L. miR-151-5p alleviates corneal allograft rejection by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and balancing Th17/Treg after corneal transplantation via targeting IL-2Rɑ. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:1410. [PMID: 34733962 PMCID: PMC8506781 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Worldwide, corneal transplantation (CT) is the most common type of tissue replacement and the increased rate of corneal graft rejection (CGR) after CT is a critical problem. Corneal endothelium cells (CECs) are often targets of the immune response mediated by graft-attacking effector T cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying CGR remains poorly understood. Methods The differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNA of graft-fail corneas were measured by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure gene expression levels. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure protein expression levels. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to assess corneal graft survival. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histopathological examination. CCK-8 and ELISA staining were used to detect cell viability and inflammatory cytokines levels, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and the population of Treg and Th17. Transwell migration and wound-healing assays were used to measure cell migration. Results We identified 453 miRNAs and 4,279 mRNAs aberrant expression in the corneas showing CGR. The differentially expressed miR-151-5p and its potential target gene [interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL-2Rɑ)] were selected from the RNA-Seq microarrays. The levels of miR-151-5p and IL-2Rɑ were respectively downregulated and upregulated in the CGR. The luciferase activity assay suggested that IL-2Rɑ is a target of miR-151-5p in 293 T cells. In addition, the miR-151-5p inhibitor, si-IL-2Rɑ, and oe-IL-2Rɑ transfection tests in CECs further confirmed that miR-151-5p downregulation and IL-2Rɑ overexpression promoted apoptosis of CECs and inhibited CEC migration, tight junction-related protein ZO-1 and Claudin-5 expression, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activity; however, downregulation of IL-2Rɑ abolished the inhibitor effect of miR-151-5p. Similarly, upregulation of miR-151-5p alleviated CGR via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and balancing of Th17/Treg, and upregulation of IL-2Rɑ abolished the alleviating effect of miR-151-5p. Conclusions Upregulation of miR-151-5p alleviated CGR by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and balancing Th17/Treg via targeting of IL-2Rɑ, which contributes to improving the results of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Capistrano da Silva E, Arrington J, Yau PM, Smith-Fleming KM, Canisso IF, Martins BDC. Proteome Composition of Bovine Amniotic Membrane and Its Potential Role in Corneal Healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:11. [PMID: 33560292 PMCID: PMC7873491 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the protein profile of bovine amniotic membranes (bAM) and to determine putative associations between protein composition in bAM and known corneal healing pathways. Methods The bAM were acquired from normal full-term births (n = 10), processed, and stored at -80°C for two days. Subsequently, the frozen membranes were thawed at room temperature and prepared for proteomic exploration using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Recently identified corneal healing pathways were contrasted with protein profiles and pathways present in bAM. Results The analyses identified 2105 proteins, with an interactive network of 1271 nodes (proteins) and 8757 edges (interactions). The proteins with higher betweenness centrality measurements include microfibril-associated protein 4, HSD3B1, CAPNS1, ATP1B3, CAV1, ANXA2, YARS, and GAPDH. The top four pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were ribosome, metabolic pathway, spliceosome, and oxidative phosphorylation. The bAM and cornea shared abundant proteins, genome ontology, and signaling pathways. Conclusions The high-throughput proteomic profile of the bAM demonstrated that numerous proteins present in the cornea are also present in this fetal membrane. Our findings collectively demonstrate the similarity between bAM and the cornea's protein composition, supporting our hypothesis that bAM can be used to treat corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erotides Capistrano da Silva
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Justine Arrington
- Protein Sciences Facility, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Peter M Yau
- Protein Sciences Facility, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Kathryn M Smith-Fleming
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Igor Frederico Canisso
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Bianca da Costa Martins
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Wang Y, Gao G, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhou Q. S100A4 Silencing Facilitates Corneal Wound Healing After Alkali Burns by Promoting Autophagy via Blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:19. [PMID: 32926102 PMCID: PMC7490227 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the role of S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) in corneal wound healing and the underlying mechanism of the S100A4-mediated PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Methods The rabbit corneal alkali burn model was established in vivo. S100A4 expression, wound healing, inflammation, and autophagy in rabbit cornea after alkali burn were detected. The NaOH-treated rabbit corneal stromal cells (rCSCs) were transfected with overexpressed S100A4 or silencing S100A4 to examine the effect of S100A4 on corneal wound healing in vitro. The effect of S100A4 on cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, fibrosis, and autophagy of rCSCs after alkali burn was analyzed. Then the functional rescue experiments were carried out. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, was used to elucidate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rCSCs. Results S100A4 silencing promoted rabbit corneal wound healing by inhibiting fibrosis and inflammation and promoting autophagy in alkali-burned cornea, corresponding to increased levels of LC3, Beclin 1, and Atg4B but lowered α-smooth muscle actin, TNF-ɑ, and p62 levels. Moreover, silencing S100A4 inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and fibrosis of NaOH-treated rCSCs and promoted the differentiation of rCSCs into corneal cells and the autophagy of damaged rCSCs. The inhibitory role of S100A4 in wound healing was achieved via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusions S100A4 silencing confers a promising effect on wound healing of alkali-burned cornea by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, supporting the advancement of corneal gene therapies for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Guiping Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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Guérin LP, Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Couture C, Gillard E, Boisselier É, Bazin R, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Human Tissue-Engineered Cornea (hTEC): Recent Progress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031291. [PMID: 33525484 PMCID: PMC7865732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Each day, about 2000 U.S. workers have a job-related eye injury requiring medical treatment. Corneal diseases are the fifth cause of blindness worldwide. Most of these diseases can be cured using one form or another of corneal transplantation, which is the most successful transplantation in humans. In 2012, it was estimated that 12.7 million people were waiting for a corneal transplantation worldwide. Unfortunately, only 1 in 70 patients received a corneal graft that same year. In order to provide alternatives to the shortage of graftable corneas, considerable progress has been achieved in the development of living corneal substitutes produced by tissue engineering and designed to mimic their in vivo counterpart in terms of cell phenotype and tissue architecture. Most of these substitutes use synthetic biomaterials combined with immortalized cells, which makes them dissimilar from the native cornea. However, studies have emerged that describe the production of tridimensional (3D) tissue-engineered corneas using untransformed human corneal epithelial cells grown on a totally natural stroma synthesized by living corneal fibroblasts, that also show appropriate histology and expression of both extracellular matrix (ECM) components and integrins. This review highlights contributions from laboratories working on the production of human tissue-engineered corneas (hTECs) as future substitutes for grafting purposes. It overviews alternative models to the grafting of cadaveric corneas where cell organization is provided by the substrate, and then focuses on their 3D counterparts that are closer to the native human corneal architecture because of their tissue development and cell arrangement properties. These completely biological hTECs are therefore very promising as models that may help understand many aspects of the molecular and cellular mechanistic response of the cornea toward different types of diseases or wounds, as well as assist in the development of novel drugs that might be promising for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Couture
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elodie Gillard
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élodie Boisselier
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard Bazin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-682-7565
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Prince N, Penatzer JA, Dietz MJ, Boyd JW. Impact of Cytokines and Phosphoproteins in Response to Chronic Joint Infection. Biology 2020; 9:167. [PMID: 32708756 PMCID: PMC7407198 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The early cellular response to infection has been investigated extensively, generating valuable information regarding the mediators of acute infection response. Various cytokines have been highlighted for their critical roles, and the actions of these cytokines are related to intracellular phosphorylation changes to promote infection resolution. However, the development of chronic infections has not been thoroughly investigated. While it is known that wound healing processes are disrupted, the interactions of cytokines and phosphoproteins that contribute to this dysregulation are not well understood. To investigate these relationships, this study used a network centrality approach to assess the impact of individual cytokines and phosphoproteins during chronic inflammation and infection. Tissues were taken from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total knee revision (TKR) procedures across two tissue depths to understand which proteins are contributing most to the dysregulation observed at the joint. Notably, p-c-Jun, p-CREB, p-BAD, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, and IFN-γ contributed highly to the network of proteins involved in aseptic inflammation caused by implants. Similarly, p-PTEN, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α appear to be central to signaling disruptions observed in septic joints. Ultimately, the network centrality approach provided insight into the altered tissue responses observed in chronic inflammation and infection.
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Jiang QW, Kaili D, Freeman J, Lei CY, Geng BC, Tan T, He JF, Shi Z, Ma JJ, Luo YH, Chandler H, Zhu H. Diabetes inhibits corneal epithelial cell migration and tight junction formation in mice and human via increasing ROS and impairing Akt signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1205-1211. [PMID: 30867543 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal wounds usually heal quickly; but diabetic patients have more fragile corneas and experience delayed and painful healing. In the present study, we compared the healing capacity of corneal epithelial cells (CECs) between normal and diabetic conditions and the potential mechanisms. Primary murine CEC derived from wild-type and diabetic (db/db) mice, as well as primary human CEC were prepared. Human CEC were exposed to high glucose (30 mM) to mimic diabetic conditions. Cell migration and proliferation were assessed using Scratch test and MTT assays, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cells was measured using dichlorofluorescein reagent. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression levels of Akt. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression were used to determine tight junction integrity. We found that the diabetic CEC displayed significantly slower cell proliferation and migration compared with the normal CEC from both mice and humans. Furthermore, ROS production was markedly increased in CEC grown under diabetic conditions. Treatment with an antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 100 μM) significantly decreased ROS production and increased wound healing in diabetic CEC. Barrier function was significantly reduced in both diabetic mouse and human CEC, while NAC treatment mitigated these effects. We further showed that Akt signaling was impaired in diabetic CEC, which was partially improved by NAC treatment. These results show that diabetic conditions lead to delayed wound-healing capacity of CEC and impaired tight junction formation in both mice and human. Increased ROS production and inhibited Akt signaling may contribute to this outcome, implicating these as potential targets for treating corneal wounds in diabetic patients.
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Masse F, Desjardins P, Ouellette M, Couture C, Omar MM, Pernet V, Guérin S, Boisselier E. Synthesis of Ultrastable Gold Nanoparticles as a New Drug Delivery System. Molecules 2019; 24:E2929. [PMID: 31412609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are increasingly being developed for medical purposes. However, these nanomaterials require ultrastability for better control of their pharmacokinetics. The present study describes three types of ultrastable gold nanoparticles stabilized by thiolated polyethylene glycol groups remaining intact when subjected to some of the harshest conditions described thus far in the literature, such as autoclave sterilization, heat and freeze-drying cycles, salts exposure, and ultracentrifugation. Their stability is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. For comparison purposes, two conventional nanoparticle types were used to assess their colloidal stability under all conditions. The ability of ultrastable gold nanoparticles to encapsulate bimatoprost, a drug for glaucoma treatment, is demonstrated. MTS assays on human corneal epithelial cells is assessed without changing cell viability. The impact of ultrastable gold nanoparticles on wound healing dynamics is assessed on tissue engineered corneas. These results highlight the potential of ultrastable gold nanoparticles as a drug delivery system in ocular therapy.
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Desjardins P, Couture C, Germain L, Guérin SL. Contribution of the WNK1 kinase to corneal wound healing using the tissue-engineered human cornea as an in vitro model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1595-1608. [PMID: 31207112 DOI: 10.1002/term.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the corneal epithelium triggers important changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) to which basal human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs) attach. These changes are perceived by integrin receptors that activate different intracellular signalling pathways, ultimately leading to re-epithelialization of the injured epithelium. In this study, we investigated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of specific signal transduction mediators on corneal wound healing using both monolayers of hCECs and the human tissue-engineered cornea (hTEC) as an in vitro 3D model. RNA and proteins were isolated from the wounded and unwounded hTECs to conduct gene profiling analyses and protein kinase arrays. The impact of WNK1 inhibition was evaluated on the wounded hTECs as well as on hCECs monolayers using a scratch wound assay. Gene profiling and protein kinase arrays revealed that expression and activity of several mediators from the integrin-dependent signaling pathways were altered in response to the ECM changes occurring during corneal wound healing. Phosphorylation of the WNK1 kinase turned out to be the most striking activation event going on during this process. The inhibition of WNK1 by WNK463 reduced the rate of corneal wound closure in both the hTEC and hCECs grown in monolayer compared with their respective negative controls. WNK463 also reduced phosphorylation of the WNK1 downstream targets SPAK/OSR1 in wounded hTECs. These in vitro results allowed for a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in corneal wound healing and identified WNK1 as a kinase important to ensure proper wound healing of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Desjardins
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Couture
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain L Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Qin XH, Ma X, Fang SF, Zhang ZZ, Lu JM. IL-17 produced by Th17 cells alleviates the severity of fungal keratitis by suppressing CX43 expression in corneal peripheral vascular endothelial cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:274-287. [PMID: 30661459 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1556059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a relatively common ocular disease requiring positive medical management combined with surgical intervention. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) was reported to promote the activation and mobilization of neutrophile granulocyte to foci of inflammation. This study investigated the effect of IL-17 production from Th17 cells on the progression of fungal keratitis. A mouse model of fungal keratitis induced by Candida albicans was successfully constructed to detect infiltration of inflammatory cells in corneal tissues by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry. Fungal load capacity of mouse cornea was also detected. The regulatory role of IL-17 in fungal keratitis with the involvement of CX43 was investigated with the relevant expression of inflammatory factors detected and activation of vascular endothelial cells assessed. Furthermore, in vivo experiment was also performed to confirm the role of CX43 in keratitis. Mice with fungal keratitis showed increased level of inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Silencing IL-17 in Th17 cells and overexpressing CX43 could inhibit the activation of vascular endothelial cells. Besides, CX43 knockdown in vivo alleviated fungal keratitis in mice. The possible mechanism of the above findings could be IL-17 inhibiting the level of CX43 through the AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, IL-17 could inhibit the occurrence and development of fungal keratitis by suppressing CX43 expression through the AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, this study provides a potential target for the treatment of fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Qin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
| | - Shi-Feng Fang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhang
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jian-Min Lu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , P. R. China
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18
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Cortez Ghio S, Cantin-Warren L, Guignard R, Larouche D, Germain L. Are the Effects of the Cholera Toxin and Isoproterenol on Human Keratinocytes' Proliferative Potential Dependent on Whether They Are Co-Cultured with Human or Murine Fibroblast Feeder Layers? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2174. [PMID: 30044428 PMCID: PMC6121595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human keratinocyte culture has provided the means to treat burns, wounds and skin pathologies. To date, to efficiently culture keratinocytes, cells are cultured on an irradiated feeder layer (iFL), either comprising human (iHFL) or murine (i3T3FL) fibroblasts, and the culture medium is supplemented with a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation inducing agent such as isoproterenol (ISO) or cholera toxin (CT). Previous studies have characterized how the feeder layer type and the cAMP inducer type influence epithelial cells' phenotype independently from one another, but it is still unknown if an optimal combination of feeder layer and cAMP inducer types exists. We used sophisticated statistical models to search for a synergetic effect of feeder layer and cAMP inducer types on human keratinocytes' proliferative potential. Our data suggests that, when culturing human keratinocytes, using iHFL over i3T3FL increases population doublings and colony-forming efficiency through signaling pathways involving Ak mouse strain thymoma (Akt, also known as protein kinase B) isoforms 1 to 3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), p53, and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1). Both tested cAMP inducers ISO and CT yielded comparable outcomes. However, no significant synergy between feeder layer and cAMP inducer types was detected. We conclude that, to promote human keratinocyte growth in the early passages of culture, co-culturing them with a human feeder layer is preferable to a murine feeder layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cortez Ghio
- Université Laval Research Center on Experimental Organogenesis/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Laurence Cantin-Warren
- Université Laval Research Center on Experimental Organogenesis/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Rina Guignard
- Université Laval Research Center on Experimental Organogenesis/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Danielle Larouche
- Université Laval Research Center on Experimental Organogenesis/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Lucie Germain
- Université Laval Research Center on Experimental Organogenesis/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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