1
|
Hegazi NM, Mohamed TA, Salama A, Hamed AR, Saad HH, Saleh IA, Reda EH, Elsayed AAA, Ibrahim MAA, Paré PW, Efferth T, Hegazy MEF. Molecular networking-guided investigation of the secondary metabolome of four Morus species and their in vivo neuroprotective potential for the mitigation of Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2024; 15:4354-4364. [PMID: 38533683 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a fatal age-related neurodegenerative condition with a multifactorial etiology contributing to 70% of dementia globally. The search for a multi-target agent to hit different targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD is crucial. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of four Morus extracts were assessed in LPS-induced AD in mice. Among the studied species, M. macroura exhibited a profound effect on alleviating the loss of cognitive function, improved the learning ability, restored the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) levels to normal, and significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) brain content in LPS-treated mice. To investigate the secondary metabolome of the studied Morus species, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS), aided with feature-based molecular networking, was employed. Among the annotated features, aryl benzofurans and prenylated flavonoids were suggested as being responsible for the observed neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, some of the detected metabolites were proposed as new natural products such as moranoline di-O-hexoside (1), isomers of trimethoxy-dihydrochalcone-O-dihexoside (59 & 76), (hydroxy-dimethoxyphenyl)butenone-O-hexoside (82), and O-methylpreglabridin-O-sulphate (105). In conclusion, our findings advocate the potential usage of M. macroura leaves for the management of AD, yet after considering further clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine M Hegazi
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Tarik A Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hamada H Saad
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim A Saleh
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Reda
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A A Elsayed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Paul W Paré
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shang NY, Huang LJ, Lan JQ, Kang YY, Tang JS, Wang HY, Li XN, Sun Z, Chen QY, Liu MY, Wen ZP, Feng XH, Wu L, Peng Y. PHPB ameliorates memory deficits and reduces oxidative injury in Alzheimer's disease mouse model by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01240-9. [PMID: 38409216 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people and substantially affects patient quality of life. Oxidative stress is considered a key factor in the development of AD. Nrf2 plays a vital role in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating neuroinflammatory responses in AD. Previous studies show that potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate (PHPB) exerts neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment in a variety of dementia animal models such as APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In this study we investigated whether PHPB ameriorated the progression of AD by reducing oxidative stress (OS) damage. Both 5- and 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice were administered PHPB (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 10 weeks. After the cognition assessment, the mice were euthanized, and the left hemisphere of the brain was harvested for analyses. We showed that 5-month-old APP/PS1 mice already exhibited impaired performance in the step-down test, and knockdown of Nrf2 gene only slightly increased the impairment, while knockdown of Nrf2 gene in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice resulted in greatly worse performance. PHPB administration significantly ameliorated the cognition impairments and enhanced antioxidative capacity in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, PHPB administration significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 in APP/PS1 mice, but these changes were abolished by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In SK-N-SH APPwt cells and primary mouse neurons, PHPB (10 μM) significantly increased the p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratios and the level of Nrf2, which were blocked by knockdown of Nrf2 gene. In summary, this study demonstrates that PHPB exerts a protective effect via the Akt/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway and it might be a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Long-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu-Ying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing-Shu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meng-Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zi-Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin-Hong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El Kamari F, El Omari H, El-Mouhdi K, Chlouchi A, Harmouzi A, Lhilali I, El Amrani J, Zahouani C, Hajji Z, Ousaaid D. Effects of Different Solvents on the Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant, and Antifungal Activities of Micromeria graeca L. from Middle Atlas of Morocco. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:9027997. [PMID: 38440065 PMCID: PMC10911884 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9027997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Micromeria graeca L. is a dense chemical source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, which have various health-related properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of different extractor solvents on phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant and antifungal activities of different extracts. Initially, three extractor solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) were used to prepare the Soxhlet extracts, which were then examined for their polyphenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential using three complementary assays (DPPH, FRAP, and TAC). The antifungal capacity against the two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) was performed using the method of diffusion on disc. The dosage of phytochemical compounds revealed that the highest values were established in water extract with values of 360 ± 22.1 mg GAE/g dry weight plant and 81.3 ± 21.2 mg RE/g dry weight plant for TPC and TFC, respectively. In addition, the strongest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays was established in water extract with IC50 values of 0.33 ± 0.23 and 0.23 ± 0.12 mg/mL, respectively, while the methanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity as measured by TAC with an IC50 of 483 ± 17.6 mg GAEq/g dry weight plant. The water extract recorded the most important antifungal activity against Candida albicans with an inhibition zone of 16 ± 1.6 mm and MFC = 500 μg/mL, whereas ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest activity against both studied fungi strains. Micromeria graeca L. contains considerable amounts of bioactive contents with high antioxidant and antifungal potentials, which may make it a promising source of antioxidants and natural antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Kamari
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar EL Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hajar El Omari
- Natural Resources Management and Development Team, Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Healthcare Techniques, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Karima El-Mouhdi
- Natural Resources Management and Development Team, Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Healthcare Techniques, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Amina Chlouchi
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
- National Higher School of Chemistry, IUT, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Anjoud Harmouzi
- Agrophysiology, Biotechnology, Environment and Quality Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ilham Lhilali
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Jihane El Amrani
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Healthcare Techniques, Fez, Morocco
| | - Chadia Zahouani
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Economics of Sustainable Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larach, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Hajji
- Economics and Management, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Driss Ousaaid
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar EL Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang W, Zhang Y, Geng X, Li H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Zinc attenuates arsenic overdose-induced brain damage via PERK/ATF6 and TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109806. [PMID: 38042229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As), a widespread non-metallic toxicant in nature, often results in neurotoxicity, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Zinc (Zn) is a powerful nutrient often thought to be beneficial for growth, development and immunity. Whether Zn can rescue brain damage caused by As contamination remains to be demonstrated. Therefore, in this study, a 30-day model of As poisoning (2.83 mg/L) in carp was established and treated with Zn (1 mg/L) to investigate the detoxification mechanism involved. Histological observations showed that As induced the loosening of the molecular layer structure of the cerebellum and the dissolution or even disappearance of nuclei, accompanied by the occurrence of microthrombi in the granular layer, and the addition of Zn attenuated such As-induced damage. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Zn ameliorated As exposure-induced abnormalities in antioxidant capacity (decreased CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD), activation of the Nrf2/keap1 pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), which is a key factor in As-induced brain damage. ERs (high expression of PERK, ATF6, CHOP, eiF2α and GRP78) and inflammation (overexpression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IKK, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6 and low expression of IκBα and IL-10). We suggest that Zn can alleviate excessive As-induced brain damage by attenuating As-induced oxidative stress, PERK/ATF6 and TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. The present study fills in the preventive mechanism of As injury in fish and provides the possibility of prevention and control of As pollution-induced brain tissue injury by Zn rescue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiren Geng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xuehuan Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carrow KP, Hamilton HL, Hopps MP, Li Y, Qiao B, Payne NC, Thompson MP, Zhang X, Magassa A, Fattah M, Agarwal S, Vincent MP, Buyanova M, Bertin PA, Mazitschek R, Olvera de la Cruz M, Johnson DA, Johnson JA, Gianneschi NC. Inhibiting the Keap1/Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction with Protein-Like Polymers. Adv Mater 2024:e2311467. [PMID: 38241649 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Successful and selective inhibition of the cytosolic protein-protein interaction (PPI) between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1) can enhance the antioxidant response, with the potential for a therapeutic effect in a range of settings including in neurodegenerative disease (ND). Small molecule inhibitors have been developed, yet many have off-target effects, or are otherwise limited by poor cellular permeability. Peptide-based strategies have also been attempted to enhance specificity, yet face challenges due to susceptibility to degradation and lack of cellular penetration. Herein, these barriers are overcome utilizing a polymer-based proteomimetics. The protein-like polymer (PLP) consists of a synthetic, lipophilic polymer backbone displaying water soluble Keap1-binding peptides on each monomer unit forming a brush polymer architecture. The PLPs are capable of engaging Keap1 and displacing the cellular protective transcription factor Nrf2, which then translocates to the nucleus, activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). PLPs exhibit increased Keap1 binding affinity by several orders of magnitude compared to free peptides, maintain serum stability, are cell-penetrant, and selectively activate the ARE pathway in cells, including in primary cortical neuronal cultures. Keap1/Nrf2-inhibitory PLPs have the potential to impact the treatment of disease states associated with dysregulation of oxidative stress, such as NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendal P Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Haylee L Hamilton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Madeline P Hopps
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, 10010, NY, USA
| | - N Connor Payne
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Assa Magassa
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Mara Fattah
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Marina Buyanova
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Paul A Bertin
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Delinda A Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
She L, Sun J, Xiong L, Li A, Li L, Wu H, Ren J, Wang W, Liang G, Zhao X. Ginsenoside RK1 improves cognitive impairments and pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease via stimulation of the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Phytomedicine 2024; 122:155168. [PMID: 37925892 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex, resulting in unsatisfactory effects of single-target therapeutic drugs. Accumulation evidence suggests that low toxicity multi-target drugs may play effective roles in AD. Ginseng is the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng Meyer, which can be used not only as herbal medicine but also as a functional food to support body functions. Ginsenoside RK1 (RK1), obtained from ginseng plants through high-temperature treatment, has antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and these events are involved in the development of AD. So, we believe that RK1 may be an effective drug for the treatment of AD. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the potential protective effects and mechanisms of RK1 in AD. METHODS Neuronal damage was detected by MTT assay, LDH assay, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Oxidative stress was measured by JC-1 staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA). The cognitive deficit was measured through morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. RESULTS RK1 attenuated Aβ-induced apoptosis, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and reduced intracellular levels of ROS in both PC12 cells and primary cultured neurons. In vivo, RK1 significantly improved cognitive deficits and mitigated AD-like pathological features. Notably, RK1 demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the positive control drug, donepezil. Mechanistically, our study elucidates that RK1 modulates the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to the optimization of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduction of ROS levels, and mitigation of AD-like pathology. It's noteworthy that blocking the AMPK signaling pathway attenuated the protective effects of RK1. CONCLUSION RK1 demonstrates superior efficacy in alleviating cognitive deficits and mitigating pathological changes compared to donepezil. These findings suggest the potential utility of RK1-based therapies in the development of treatments for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu She
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ankang Li
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, Zhejiang 321399, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang TCM Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang TCM Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, Zhejiang 321399, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang TCM Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang TCM Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Translational Research of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marinho D, Ferreira IL, Lorenzoni R, Cardoso SM, Santana I, Rego AC. Reduction of class I histone deacetylases ameliorates ER-mitochondria cross-talk in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13895. [PMID: 37358017 PMCID: PMC10410063 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular mechanisms have been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including repressed gene transcription and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction. In this study, we evaluate the potential efficacy of transcriptional modifications exerted by inhibition or knockdown of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in ameliorating ER-mitochondria cross-talk in AD models. Data show increased HDAC3 protein levels and decreased acetyl-H3 in AD human cortex, and increased HDAC2-3 in MCI peripheral human cells, HT22 mouse hippocampal cells exposed to Aβ1-42 oligomers (AβO) and APP/PS1 mouse hippocampus. Tacedinaline (Tac, a selective class I HDAC inhibitor) counteracted the increase in ER-Ca2+ retention and mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization and impaired ER-mitochondria cross-talk, as observed in 3xTg-AD mouse hippocampal neurons and AβO-exposed HT22 cells. We further demonstrated diminished mRNA levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial-associated ER membranes (MAM) in cells exposed to AβO upon Tac treatment, along with reduction in ER-mitochondria contacts (MERCS) length. HDAC2 silencing reduced ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer and mitochondrial Ca2+ retention, while knockdown of HDAC3 decreased ER-Ca2+ accumulation in AβO-treated cells. APP/PS1 mice treated with Tac (30 mg/kg/day) also showed regulation of mRNA levels of MAM-related proteins, and reduced Aβ levels. These data demonstrate that Tac normalizes Ca2+ signaling between mitochondria and ER, involving the tethering between the two organelles in AD hippocampal neural cells. Tac-mediated AD amelioration occurs through the regulation of protein expression at MAM, as observed in AD cells and animal models. Data support transcriptional regulation of ER-mitochondria communication as a promising target for innovative therapeutics in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marinho
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IIIUC‐Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ildete Luísa Ferreira
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IIIUC‐Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ricardo Lorenzoni
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IIIUC‐Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- FMUC‐Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- FMUC‐Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Neurology DepartmentCHUC‐Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - A. Cristina Rego
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- FMUC‐Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Zhang T, Zeng S, Zhang X, Zhou F, Gillies MC, Zhu L. The Role of Nrf2/sMAF Signalling in Retina Ageing and Retinal Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1512. [PMID: 37371607 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and age-related macular disease, have become increasingly prominent as the population ages. Oxygen is essential for living organisms, but it may also cause disease when it is transformed into reactive oxygen species via biological processes in cells. Most of the production of ROS occurs in mitochondrial complexes I and III. The accumulation of ROS in cells causes oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in human ageing and many diseases. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key antioxidant transcription factor that plays a central role in many diseases and ageing in general. It regulates many downstream antioxidative enzymes when cells are exposed to oxidative stress. A basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, MAF, specifically the small MAF subfamily (sMAFs), forms heterodimers with Nrf2, which bind with Maf-recognition elements (MAREs) in response to oxidative stress. The role of this complex in the human retina remains unclear. This review summarises the current knowledge about Nrf2 and its downstream signalling, especially its cofactor-MAF, in ageing and diseases, with a focus on the retina. Since Nrf2 is the master regulator of redox homeostasis in cells, we hypothesise that targeting Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic approach for many age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Beijing Tongren Eye Centre, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100073, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark C Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Langenbacher RE, Horoszko CP, Kim M, Heller DA. Hematoxylin Nuclear Stain Reports Oxidative Stress via Near-Infrared Emission. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1237-1245. [PMID: 37070948 PMCID: PMC10289833 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) is the gold standard histological stain used for medical diagnosis and has been used for over a century. Herein, we examined the near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence of this stain. We observed significant NIR-II emission from the hematoxylin component of the H&E stain. We found that the emission intensity, using the common aluminum(III) hematoxylin mordant, could be modulated by the availability of endogenous iron(III), and this emission intensity increased at higher oxidative stress. Our mechanistic investigations found that hematoxylin emission reported the nuclear translocation of the iron via the protein ferritin. In human tumor tissue samples, oxidative stress biomarkers correlated with hematoxylin NIR-II emission intensity. Emission response of the stain was also observed in human Alzheimer's disease brain tissue regions affected by disease progression, suggesting that ferritin nuclear translocation is preserved in these regions as an oxidative stress response. These findings indicate that NIR-II emission from the H&E stain provides a new source of redox information in tissues with implications for biomedical research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mijin Kim
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pinz MP, de Oliveira RL, da Fonseca CAR, Voss GT, da Silva BP, Duarte LFB, Domingues WB, Ortiz HG, Savall ASP, Meotti FC, Alves D, Campos VF, Pinton S, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. A Purine Derivative Containing an Organoselenium Group Protects Against Memory Impairment, Sensitivity to Nociception, Oxidative Damage, and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1214-31. [PMID: 36427137 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of 6-((4-fluorophenyl) selanyl)-9H-purine (FSP) was tested against memory impairment and sensitivity to nociception induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) (25-35 fragment), 3 nmol/3 μl/per site in mice. Memory impairment was determined by the object recognition task (ORT) and nociception by the Von-Frey test (VFT). Aβ caused neuroinflammation with upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (in hippocampus), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, Aβ increased oxidant levels and lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but decreased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx1) expression in the hippocampus. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of FSP were demonstrated by a decrease in the expression of GFAP and NF-κB in the hippocampus, as well as a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines in both the hippocampus and cerebral cortex FSP protected against oxidative stress by decreasing oxidant levels and lipid peroxidation and by increasing HO-1 and Prdx1 expressions in the hippocampus of mice. Moreover, FSP prevented the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the hippocampus of mice induced by Aβ. In conclusion, treatment with FSP attenuated memory impairment, nociception sensitivity by decreasing oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei M, Bao G, Li S, Yang Z, Cheng C, Le W. PM2.5 exposure triggers cell death through lysosomal membrane permeabilization and leads to ferroptosis insensitivity via the autophagy dysfunction/p62-KEAP1-NRF2 activation in neuronal cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 248:114333. [PMID: 36446170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure can be associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, with oxidative stress-induced cellular homeostasis disruption and cell death as one of the main mechanisms. However, the exact cellular and molecular processes are still rarely investigated. Autophagy and KEAP1-NRF2 (Kelch-like ECH-Associating protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2) signaling pathway are two main cellular defense systems for maintaining cellular homeostasis and resisting oxidative stress. In this study, we primarily investigated the role of autophagy and KEAP1-NRF2 in regulating cell death resulting from PM2.5 exposure in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells. Our results showed that PM2.5 exposure disrupted autophagic flux by impairing lysosomal function, including lysosomal alkalinization, increased lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP), and Cathepsin B release. Furthermore, dysregulated autophagy enhances NRF2 activity in a p62-dependent manner, which then initiates the expression of a series of antioxidant genes and increases cellular insensitivity to ferroptosis. Meanwhile, autophagy dysfunction impairs the intracellular degradation of ferroptosis related proteins such as GPX4 and ferritin. As these proteins accumulate, cells also become less sensitive to ferroptosis. LMP-associated cell death may be the main mechanism of PM2.5-induced N2a cytotoxicity. Our results may provide insights into the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity and predict effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
| | - Guangming Bao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
George M, Tharakan M, Culberson J, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Role of Nrf2 in aging, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101756. [PMID: 36243357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is made up of 605 amino acids and contains 7 conserved regions known as Nrf2-ECH homology domains. Nrf2 regulates the expression of several key components of oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial function in all organs of the human body, in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mounting evidence also suggests that altered expression of Nrf2 is largely involved in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis and others. The purpose of this article is to detail the essential role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, detoxification, inflammatory responses, transcription factors, proteasomal and autophagic/mitophagic degradation, and metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also highlights the Nrf2 structural and functional activities in healthy and disease states, and also discusses the current status of Nrf2 research and therapeutic strategies to treat aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ajoolabady A, Lindholm D, Ren J, Pratico D. ER stress and UPR in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, pathogenesis, treatments. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:706. [PMID: 35970828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of memory and cognitive function, which constitutes a heavy burden on the healthcare system globally. Current therapeutics to interfere with the underlying disease process in AD is still under development. Although many efforts have centered on the toxic forms of Aβ to effectively tackle AD, considering the unsatisfactory results so far it is vital to examine other targets and therapeutic approaches as well. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress refers to the build-up of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the ER, thus, perturbing the ER and cellular homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that ER stress contributes to the onset and development of AD. A thorough elucidation of ER stress machinery in AD pathology may help to open up new therapeutic avenues in the management of this devastating condition to relieve the cognitive dementia symptoms. Herein, we aim at deciphering the unique role of ER stress in AD pathogenesis, reviewing key findings, and existing controversy in an attempt to summarize plausible therapeutic interventions in the management of AD pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nantachai G, Vasupanrajit A, Tunvirachaisakul C, Solmi M, Maes M. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101639. [PMID: 35537662 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the nitro-oxidative stress (O&NS)/antioxidant (ANTIOX) ratio in the peripheral blood of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for articles published from inception until July 31, 2021. Forty-six studies on 3.798 MCI individuals and 6.063 healthy controls were included. The O&NS/ANTIOX ratio was significantly higher in MCI than in controls with a Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)= 0.378 (95% CI: 0.250; 0.506). MCI individuals showed increased lipid peroxidation (SMD=0.774, 95%CI: 4.416; 1.132) and O&NS-associated toxicity (SMD=0.621, CI: 0.377; 0.865) and reduced glutathione (GSH) defenses (SMD=0.725, 95%CI: 0.269; 1.182) as compared with controls. MCI was also accompanied by significantly increased homocysteine (SMD=0.320, CI: 0.059; 0.581), but not protein oxidation, and lowered non-vitamin (SMD=0.347, CI: 0.168; 0.527) and vitamin (SMD=0.564, CI: 0.129; 0.999) antioxidant defenses. The results show that MCI is at least in part due to increased neuro-oxidative toxicity and suggest that treatments targeting lipid peroxidation and the GSH system may be used to treat or prevent MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gallayaporn Nantachai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Somdet Phra Sungharaj Nyanasumvara Geriatric Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public health, Chon Buri Province, Thailand.
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carvalho da Silva AM, Lemos C, Silva HB, Ferreira IL, Tomé AR, Rego AC, Cunha RA. Simultaneous Alteration of the Circadian Variation of Memory, Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity, and Metabolism in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:835885. [PMID: 35431906 PMCID: PMC9009366 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.835885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory deficits accompanied by synaptic and metabolic deficits, namely of mitochondrial function. AD patients also display a disrupted circadian pattern. Thus, we now compared memory performance, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondria function in 24-week-old non-transgenic (non-Tg) and triple transgenic male mice modeling AD (3xTg-AD) at Zeitgeber 04 (ZT-4, inactive phase) and ZT-16 (active phase). Using the Morris water maze test to minimize the influence of circadian-associated locomotor activity, we observed a circadian variation in hippocampus-dependent learning performance in non-Tg mice, which was impaired in 3xTg-AD mice. 3xTg-AD mice also displayed a lack of circadian variation of their performance in the reversal spatial learning task. Additionally, the amplitude of hippocampal long-term potentiation also exhibited a circadian profile in non-Tg mice, which was not observed in 3xTg-AD mice. Moreover, cerebral cortical synaptosomes of non-Tg mice also displayed a circadian variation of FCCP-stimulated oxygen consumption as well as in mitochondrial calcium retention that were blunted in 3xTg-AD mice. In sum, this multidimensional study shows that the ability to maintain a circadian oscillation in brain behavior, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic mitochondria function are simultaneously impaired in 3xTg-AD mice, highlighting the effects of circadian misalignment in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- António M. Carvalho da Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: António M. Carvalho da Silva,
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B. Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ildete L. Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R. Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- A. Cristina Rego,
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Rodrigo A. Cunha,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
Collapse
|
18
|
Saha S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Tucci P, Saso L. A Perspective on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway for Neuroinflammation: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:787258. [PMID: 35126058 PMCID: PMC8813964 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.787258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), the leading causes of dementia. These neurological disorders are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-ß (Aß), tau protein and α-synuclein, contributing to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Misfolded proteins activate microglia, which induces neuroinflammation, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequently facilitates synaptic damage and neuronal loss. So far, all the proposed drugs were based on the inhibition of protein aggregation and were failed in clinical trials. Therefore, the treatment options of dementia are still a challenging issue. Thus, it is worthwhile to study alternative therapeutic strategies. In this context, there is increasing data on the pivotal role of transcription factor NF- E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on the redox homeostasis and anti-inflammatory functions in neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, Nrf2 signaling pathway has shown upregulation of antioxidant genes, inhibition of microglia-mediated inflammation, and improved mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting Nrf2 activation could be a novel therapeutic approach to target pathogenesis. The present review will examine the correlation between Nrf2 signaling with neuroinflammation in AD and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meng Y, Feng R, Yang Z, Liu T, Huo T, Jiang H. Oxidative stress induced by realgar in neurons: p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 perturb autophagy and induce the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to activate the Nrf2 signalling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114582. [PMID: 34492322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the influence of traditional medication habits (TCM has no toxicity or side effects), arsenic poisoning incidents caused by the abuse of realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicines have occurred occasionally. However, the potential mechanism of central nervous system toxicity of realgar remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to clarify the specific mechanism of realgar-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the roles of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in realgar-induced neuronal autophagy and overactivation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor (Nrf2) signalling pathways was investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The arsenic in realgar passed through the blood-brain barrier and accumulated in the brain, resulting in damage to neurons, synapses and myelin sheaths in the cerebral cortex and a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity. The specific mechanism is that the excessive activation of Nrf2 is regulated by the upstream signalling molecules ERK1/2 and p38MAPK. At the same time, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 interfere with autophagy, thereby promoting autophagy initiation but causing subsequent dysfunctional autophagic degradation and inducing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to promote Nrf2 signalling pathway activation and nerve cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the role of the signalling molecules p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in perturbing autophagy and inducing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to activate the Nrf2 signalling pathway in realgar-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoguang Huo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiang NN, Lin TH, Teng YS, Sun YC, Chang KH, Lin CY, Hsieh-Li HM, Su MT, Chen CM, Lee-Chen GJ. Flavones 7,8-DHF, Quercetin, and Apigenin Against Tau Toxicity via Activation of TRKB Signaling in ΔK280 Tau RD-DsRed SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:758895. [PMID: 34975454 PMCID: PMC8714935 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.758895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with memory loss and cognitive decline. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated Tau protein are one of the pathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) is a molecular chaperone that promotes the correct folding of other proteins in response to environmental stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2), a redox-regulated transcription factor, is the master regulator of the cellular response to excess reactive oxygen species. Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TRKB) is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon binding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylates itself to initiate downstream signaling for neuronal survival and axonal growth. In this study, four natural flavones such as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), wogonin, quercetin, and apigenin were evaluated for Tau aggregation inhibitory activity and neuroprotection in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma. Among the tested flavones, 7,8-DHF, quercetin, and apigenin reduced Tau aggregation, oxidative stress, and caspase-1 activity as well as improved neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells expressing ΔK280 TauRD-DsRed folding reporter. Treatments with 7,8-DHF, quercetin, and apigenin rescued the reduced HSPB1 and NRF2 and activated TRKB-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling to upregulate cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and its downstream antiapoptotic BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2). Knockdown of TRKB attenuated the neuroprotective effects of these three flavones. Our results suggest 7,8-DHF, quercetin, and apigenin targeting HSPB1, NRF2, and TRKB to reduce Tau aggregation and protect cells against Tau neurotoxicity and may provide new treatment strategies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Teng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rosenstock TR, Sun C, Hughes GW, Winter K, Sarkar S. Analysis of Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Microplate Reader in hiPSC-Derived Neuronal Cell Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2549:1-21. [PMID: 35347693 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for many vital pathways governing cellular homeostasis, including cellular energy management, heme biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, cellular proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and cellular viability. Electron transport and ADP phosphorylation coupled with proton pumping through the mitochondrial complexes contribute to the preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Importantly, mitochondrial polarization is essential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) handling. Thus, changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ΔΨm, and ATP/ADP may occur in parallel or stimulate each other. Brain cells like neurons are heavily reliant on mitochondrial OXPHOS for its high-energy demands, and hence improper mitochondrial function is detrimental for neuronal survival. Indeed, several neurodegenerative disorders are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Modeling this disease-relevant phenotype in neuronal cells differentiated from patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an appropriate cellular platform for studying the disease pathology and drug discovery. In this review, we describe high-throughput analysis of crucial parameters related to mitochondrial function in hiPSC-derived neurons. These methodologies include measurement of ΔΨm, intracellular Ca2+, oxidative stress, and ATP/ADP levels using fluorescence probes via a microplate reader. Benefits of such an approach include analysis of mitochondrial parameters on a large population of cells, simultaneous analysis of different cell lines and experimental conditions, and for drug screening to identify compounds restoring mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana R Rosenstock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Bioscience, Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Congxin Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgina Wynne Hughes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katherine Winter
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ren J, Zhang S, Wang X, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Liu J, Chu L, Qi X. MEF2C ameliorates learning, memory, and molecular pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease in vivo and in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:77-90. [PMID: 35130621 PMCID: PMC9909301 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) is highly expressed in the nervous system, and regulates neuro-development, synaptic plasticity, and inflammation. However, its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is underestimated. In this study, the role and mechanism of MEF2C were investigated in the brain tissue specimens from patients with AD, APPswe/PSEN1dE9 double transgenic (APP/PS1_DT) mice, and SH-SY5Y cells treated with β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The results indicated that the expression of MEF2C is significantly reduced, and the expression of MEF2C/Aβ in different parts of brain is negatively correlated in patients with AD. Knockdown of MEF2C promotes cell apoptosis and the level of β-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE) but reduces BACE2 expression. In addition, knockdown of enhances the generation and aggregation of Aβ in the cortex of APP/PS1_DT mice, reduces the expression of synaptic proteins, exacerbates the ability of learning and memory of APP/PS1_DT mice, damages the structure of mitochondria, increases the oxidative stress (OS) level, and inhibits the expression levels of members of the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway. In summary, inhibition of MEF2C exacerbates the toxic effect of Aβ and , damages synaptic plasticity, reduces the ability of learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, and increases the level of OS via the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamou Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Department of Laboratory Medicinethe 4th People′s Hospital of GuiyangGuiyang550004China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- Chinese People′s Liberation ArmySecret Service Center Sanatorium of XiamenXiamen361000China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Yuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China
| | - Liangzhao Chu
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-851-86752814; E-mail: (X.Q.) / E-mail: (L.C.)@qq.com
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesMinistry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Translational Medicine Research CenterGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550004China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-851-86752814; E-mail: (X.Q.) / E-mail: (L.C.)@qq.com
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao PJ, Eren E, Goetzl EJ, Kapogiannis D. Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Protein Abnormalities Detected in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1587. [PMID: 34829816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to neurons through oxidative phosphorylation and eliminate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) through Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1). Dysfunctional mitochondria, manifesting decreased activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and high ROS levels, are involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. We hypothesized that neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction in AD is reflected in ETC and SOD1 levels and activity in plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs). We immunoprecipitated NDEVs targeting neuronal marker L1CAM from two cohorts: one including 22 individuals with early AD and 29 control subjects; and another including 14 individuals with early AD and 14 control subjects. In the first cohort, we measured levels of complexes I, III, IV, ATP synthase, and SOD1; in the second cohort, we measured levels and catalytic activity of complexes IV and ATP synthase. AD individuals had lower levels of complexes I (p < 0.0001), III (p < 0.0001), IV (p = 0.0061), and V (p < 0.0001), and SOD1 (p < 0.0001) compared to controls. AD individuals also had lower levels of catalytic activity of complex IV (p = 0.0214) and ATP synthase (p < 0.0001). NDEVs confirm quantitative and functional abnormalities in ECT complexes and SOD1 previously observed in AD models and during autopsy, opening the way for using them as biomarkers for mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Galano A, Guzmán-López EG, Reiter RJ. Potentiating the Benefits of Melatonin through Chemical Functionalization: Possible Impact on Multifactorial Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11584. [PMID: 34769013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin is an astonishing molecule, it is possible that chemistry will help in the discovery of new compounds derived from it that may exceed our expectations regarding antioxidant protection and perhaps even neuroprotection. This review briefly summarizes the significant amount of data gathered to date regarding the multiple health benefits of melatonin and related compounds. This review also highlights some of the most recent directions in the discovery of multifunctional pharmaceuticals intended to act as one-molecule multiple-target drugs with potential use in multifactorial diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss the beneficial activities of melatonin derivatives reported to date, in addition to computational strategies to rationally design new derivatives by functionalization of the melatonin molecular framework. It is hoped that this review will promote more investigations on the subject from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu Y, Chen Q, Wen B, Wu N, He B, Chen J. Berberine Reduces Aβ 42 Deposition and Tau Hyperphosphorylation via Ameliorating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640758. [PMID: 34349640 PMCID: PMC8327086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is tightly related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), which aggravates two dominant pathological manifestations of AD: senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Berberine is widely applied in the clinical treatment of many diseases and is reported to have anti-AD effects. In the present study, berberine was shown to ameliorate ER stress and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. We found ER stress plays a role as a central hub for signal transduction, which was evidenced by the hyperactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) to phosphorylate tau and the activation of PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) subsequently to phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 α (eIF2α). Also, eIF2α has regulated the expression of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), which cleaves APP into pro-oligomerized amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), the main component of senile plaques, proven by using siRNA targeting at eIF2α. Mechanically, berberine can reduce GSK3β activity, contributing to the downregulation of tau phosphorylation. Berberine also suppressed Aβ42 production via inhibiting the PERK/eIF2α/BACE1 signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings indicated that berberine had the potential to ameliorate two major pathological manifestations of AD mainly by suppressing ER stress. Our work provided knowledge on the pharmacological intervention of AD and the possible targets for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bing Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ninghua Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,Basic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Benhong He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang X, Zhi J, Leng H, Chen Y, Gao H, Ma J, Ji J, Hu Q. The piperine derivative HJ105 inhibits Aβ 1-42-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative damage via the Keap1-Nrf2-TXNIP axis. Phytomedicine 2021; 87:153571. [PMID: 33994056 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperine is a great lead compound, as a phytopharmaceutical with reported neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. HJ105, a piperine derivative with high affinity to Keap1 receptor, attracts increasing attention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. PURPOSE This work mainly aimed to study HJ105's therapeutic effects on Aβ1-42-associated AD and the underpinning mechanisms. METHODS In the in vivo part, a rat model of AD was established by bilateral intra-hippocampal administration of aggregated Aβ1-42, followed by a month of intragastric HJ105 or donepezil administration. Spatial and learning memories were detected by the Morris water maze assay, passive avoidance learning as well as Y-maze test. The morphology of hippocampal neurons was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. In addition, the amounts of the IL-1β and TNF-α were obtained with specific ELISA kits. More importantly, apoptosis-related proteins and factors involved in Nrf2/TXNIP/NLPR3 pathways were detected by Western blot, while the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. In the in vitro part, human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were applied to evaluate the role of HJ105 on Aβ1-42-induced neuronal damage. RESULTS Treatment of HJ105 not only reversed memory impairment, but also protected neurons in the hippocampus by inhibiting Bax/Bcl2 ratio increase. HJ105 decreased TXNIP expression, suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the hippocampus, which in turn counteracted the upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α. Notably, HJ105 exerted an inhibitory effect on Keap1-Nrf2 interaction and upregulated nuclear Nrf2, which conversely increased the expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and downregulated malondialdehyde. Additionally, neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42 in SH-SY5Y cells was alleviated by HJ105. CONCLUSION Overall, HJ105 exerts neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells induced by Aβ1-42 as well as in experimental rats with AD by decreasing apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, partly via suppression of Keap1-Nrf2 complex generation. HJ105 might represent a promising compound for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jingke Zhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haifeng Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haoran Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jinming Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Jing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gómez-Virgilio L, Luarte A, Ponce DP, Bruna BA, Behrens MI. Analyzing Olfactory Neuron Precursors Non-Invasively Isolated through NADH FLIM as a Potential Tool to Study Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6311. [PMID: 34204595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the proposed pathogenic mechanisms to understand the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increased oxidative stress seems to be a robust and early disease feature where many of those hypotheses converge. However, despite the significant lines of evidence accumulated, an effective diagnosis and treatment of AD are not yet available. This limitation might be partially explained by the use of cellular and animal models that recapitulate partial aspects of the disease and do not account for the particular biology of patients. As such, cultures of patient-derived cells of peripheral origin may provide a convenient solution for this problem. Peripheral cells of neuronal lineage such as olfactory neuronal precursors (ONPs) can be easily cultured through non-invasive isolation, reproducing AD-related oxidative stress. Interestingly, the autofluorescence of key metabolic cofactors such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) can be highly correlated with the oxidative state and antioxidant capacity of cells in a non-destructive and label-free manner. In particular, imaging NADH through fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has greatly improved the sensitivity in detecting oxidative shifts with minimal intervention to cell physiology. Here, we discuss the translational potential of analyzing patient-derived ONPs non-invasively isolated through NADH FLIM to reveal AD-related oxidative stress. We believe this approach may potentially accelerate the discovery of effective antioxidant therapies and contribute to early diagnosis and personalized monitoring of this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Iuchi K, Takai T, Hisatomi H. Cell Death via Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Aggregation Diseases. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:399. [PMID: 34064409 PMCID: PMC8147787 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes is a complicated cellular event, and it is both the cause and result of various diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. Lipid peroxidation causes non-apoptotic cell death, which is associated with cell fate determination: survival or cell death. During the radical chain reaction of lipid peroxidation, various oxidized lipid products accumulate in cells, followed by organelle dysfunction and the induction of non-apoptotic cell death. Highly reactive oxidized products from unsaturated fatty acids are detected under pathological conditions. Pathological protein aggregation is the general cause of these diseases. The cellular response to misfolded proteins is well-known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and it is partially concomitant with the response to lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the association between protein aggregation and non-apoptotic cell death by lipid peroxidation is attracting attention. The link between lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation is a matter of concern in biomedical fields. Here, we focus on lethal protein aggregation in non-apoptotic cell death via lipid peroxidation. We reviewed the roles of protein aggregation in the initiation and execution of non-apoptotic cell death. We also considered the relationship between protein aggregation and oxidized lipid production. We provide an overview of non-apoptotic cell death with a focus on lipid peroxidation for therapeutic targeting during protein aggregation diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan; (T.T.); (H.H.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Beyond blood pressure control, angiotensin receptor blockers reduce common injury mechanisms, decreasing excessive inflammation and protecting endothelial and mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity, the coagulation cascade, immune responses, cerebrovascular flow, and cognition, properties useful to treat inflammatory, age-related, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders of many organs including brain and lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li P, Liu H, Shi X, Prokosch V. Hydrogen Sulfide: Novel Endogenous and Exogenous Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:2411. [PMID: 33919146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) damage can cause significant injury to cells, which is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. This pathological process is considered to be the first step to trigger the death of outer retinal neurons, which is related to the pathology of retinal degenerative diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently received widespread attention as a physiological signal molecule and gas neuromodulator and plays an important role in regulating OS in eyes. In this article, we reviewed the OS responses and regulatory mechanisms of H2S and its donors as endogenous and exogenous regulators in retinal degenerative diseases. Understanding the relevant mechanisms will help to identify the therapeutic potential of H2S in retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ning W, Li S, Tsering J, Ma Y, Li H, Ma Y, Ogbuehi AC, Pan H, Li H, Hu S, Liu X, Deng Y, Zhang J, Hu X. Protective Effect of Triphala against Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:6674988. [PMID: 33898626 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is implicated in the progression of many neurological diseases, which could be induced by various chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acrylamide. Triphala is a well-recognized Ayurvedic medicine that possesses different therapeutic properties (e.g., antihistamine, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticariogenic effects). However, little information is available regarding the neuroprotective effect of Triphala on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods An in vitro H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell model and an in vivo acrylamide-induced zebrafish model were established. Cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation were examined by MTT assay, ELISA, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The molecular mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of Triphala against H2O2 was investigated dose dependently by Western blotting. The in vivo neuroprotective effect of Triphala on acrylamide-induced oxidative injury in Danio rerio was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Results The results indicated that Triphala plays a neuroprotective role against H2O2 toxicity in inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, Triphala pretreatment suppressed the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) signal pathway (p-Erk1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38), whereas it restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase) in the H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Consistently, similar protective effects of Triphala were observed in declining neuroapoptosis and scavenging free radicals in the zebrafish central neural system, possessing a critical neuroprotective property against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress. Conclusion In summary, Triphala is a promising neuroprotective agent against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and zebrafishes with significant antiapoptosis and antioxidant activities.
Collapse
|
32
|
Brito MD, Silva LFSE, Siena A, Chipara M, Sarkar S, Rosenstock TR. Oxygen Consumption Evaluation: An Important Indicator of Metabolic State, Cellular Function, and Cell Fate Along Neural Deregulation. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2240:207-230. [PMID: 33423236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1091-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of oxygen (O2) levels and reduction in the ATP synthesis (or even its complete blockage) are important characteristics of mitochondrial dysfunction; features that are often correlated with neurodegeneration. The measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is thus essential to evaluate cellular metabolism, survival, and neuroprotective strategies. In the present chapter, we describe the oxygen consumption assay using a Clark-type oxygen electrode in different types of samples named cells suspension (from primary and established cell culture), brain slices (ex vivo), and fresh brain tissues. In addition, we demonstrate herein how the program Oxygraph can be used in order to analyze the data and different approaches to normalize it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dutra Brito
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science. R. Doutor Cesário Motta Júnior, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Souza E Silva
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science. R. Doutor Cesário Motta Júnior, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science. R. Doutor Cesário Motta Júnior, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miruna Chipara
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cheng L, Zhang W. DJ-1 affects oxidative stress and pyroptosis in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer's disease mouse model by regulating the Nrf2 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:557. [PMID: 33850529 PMCID: PMC8027751 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that DJ-1 is associated with diseases associated with the nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of AD has not been clarified. To investigate the effect of DJ-1 on brain tissue damage and cognitive function in AD mice and its possible mechanism, 5XFAD transgenic mice were used as AD model mice and DJ-1 in the brain was overexpressed by transfection of a lentiviral containing a specific targeting DJ-1 gene into the bilateral hippocampus of mice. Following lentivirus infection, the Morris water maze test was performed to assess the cognitive function of the mice. When the behavioral evaluation was completed, the brain tissue of the mouse was examined. Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of relevant indicators were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, ELISA and western blotting. Bilateral hippocampal injection of a lentivirus containing DJ-1 significantly increased the expression of DJ-1 in the hippocampus of 5XFAD transgenic mice. Overexpression of DJ-1 in the brain could ameliorate brain tissue damage, β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and cognitive function in 5XFAD mice. Compared with the sham group, the reactive oxygen species activity and malondialdehyde content in the brain tissue of DJ-1 overexpressing 5XFAD mice were significantly decreased, while the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, DJ-1 overexpression decreased the expression of caspase-1 and the levels of interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus while ameliorating the death of hippocampal neurons in 5XFAD mice and without affecting the expression of caspase-3. Overexpression of DJ-1 resulted in a significant decrease in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression in the cytoplasmic while significantly increasing the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus. Simultaneously, DJ-1 overexpression in the brain inhibited the activation of nanoparticles activate the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 inflammatory bodies in brain tissue. Overexpression of DJ-1 in the brain could repair brain tissue damage, Aβ deposition and cognitive function in 5XFAD mice, and its mechanism may be associated with an inhibition of oxidative stress and neuronal pyroptosis by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan 473004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan 473004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Magallón M, Pastor S, Carrión AE, Bañuls L, Pellicer D, Castillo S, Bondía S, Navarro-García MM, González C, Dasí F. Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rare Respiratory Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10. [PMID: 33803835 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that some rare respiratory diseases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis (CF), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) present oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Their involvement in these pathologies and the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents to minimize the effects of OS are discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
35
|
Mi Y, Qi G, Brinton RD, Yin F. Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease: The Good, the Bad, the Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:611-630. [PMID: 32143551 PMCID: PMC7891225 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. Thus far, 99.6% of clinical trials, including those targeting energy metabolism, have failed to exert disease-modifying efficacy. Altered mitochondrial function and disruption to the brain bioenergetic system have long-been documented as early events during the pathological progression of AD. Recent Advances: While therapeutic approaches that directly promote mitochondrial bioenergetic machinery or eliminate reactive oxygen species have exhibited limited translatability, emerging strategies targeting nonenergetic aspects of mitochondria provide novel therapeutic targets with the potential to modify AD risk and progression. Growing evidence also reveals a critical link between mitochondrial phenotype and neuroinflammation via metabolic reprogramming of glial cells. Critical Issues: Herein, we summarize major classes of mitochondrion-centered AD therapeutic strategies. In addition, the discrepancy in their efficacy when translated from preclinical models to clinical trials is addressed. Key factors that differentiate the responsiveness to bioenergetic interventions, including sex, apolipoprotein E genotype, and cellular diversity in the brain, are discussed. Future Directions: We propose that the future development of mitochondria-targeted AD therapeutics should consider the interactions between bioenergetics and other disease mechanisms, which may require cell-type-specific targeting to distinguish neurons and non-neuronal cells. Moreover, a successful strategy will likely include stratification by metabolic phenotype, which varies by sex and genetic risk profile and dynamically changes throughout the course of disease. As the network of mitochondrial integration expands across intracellular and systems level biology, assessment of intended, the good, versus unintended consequences, the bad, will be required to reach the potential of mitochondrial therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Mi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Guoyuan Qi
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Fei Yin
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Toledo JP, Fernández-Pérez EJ, Ferreira IL, Marinho D, Riffo-Lepe NO, Pineda-Cuevas BN, Pinochet-Pino LF, Burgos CF, Rego AC, Aguayo LG. Boldine Attenuates Synaptic Failure and Mitochondrial Deregulation in Cellular Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:617821. [PMID: 33679301 PMCID: PMC7933475 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.617821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia worldwide, characterized by both cognitive and behavioral deficits. Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) oligomers (AβO) have been found to be responsible for several pathological mechanisms during the development of AD, including altered cellular homeostasis and synaptic function, inevitably leading to cell death. Such AβO deleterious effects provide a way for identifying new molecules with potential anti-AD properties. Available treatments minimally improve AD symptoms and do not extensively target intracellular pathways affected by AβO. Naturally-derived compounds have been proposed as potential modifiers of Aβ-induced neurodysfunction and cytotoxicity based on their availability and chemical diversity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate boldine, an alkaloid derived from the bark and leaves of the Chilean tree Peumus boldus, and its capacity to block some dysfunctional processes caused by AβO. We examined the protective effect of boldine (1–10 μM) in primary hippocampal neurons and HT22 hippocampal-derived cell line treated with AβO (24–48 h). We found that boldine interacts with Aβ in silico affecting its aggregation and protecting hippocampal neurons from synaptic failure induced by AβO. Boldine also normalized changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels associated to mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum in HT22 cells treated with AβO. In addition, boldine completely rescued the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and attenuated AβO-induced decrease in mitochondrial respiration in HT22 hippocampal cells. We conclude that boldine provides neuroprotection in AD models by both direct interactions with Aβ and by preventing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additional studies are required to evaluate the effect of boldine on cognitive and behavioral deficits induced by Aβ in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Toledo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo J Fernández-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ildete L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Marinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nicolas O Riffo-Lepe
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Benjamin N Pineda-Cuevas
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis F Pinochet-Pino
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sazonova MA, Sinyov VV, Ryzhkova AI, Sazonova MD, Kirichenko TV, Khotina VA, Khasanova ZB, Doroschuk NA, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA. Some Molecular and Cellular Stress Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E699. [PMID: 33445687 PMCID: PMC7828120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism's nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily V. Sinyov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Anastasia I. Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Marina D. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zukhra B. Khasanova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Natalya A. Doroschuk
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily P. Karagodin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Commodity Science and Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Centre, 143024 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cowan CM, Sealey MA, Mudher A. Suppression of tau-induced phenotypes by vitamin E demonstrates the dissociation of oxidative stress and phosphorylation in mechanisms of tau toxicity. J Neurochem 2020; 157:684-694. [PMID: 33251603 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Various lines of evidence implicate oxidative stress in the pathogenic mechanism(s) underpinning tauopathies. Consequently, antioxidant therapies have been considered in clinical practice for the treatment of tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), but with mixed results. We and others have previously reported increased protein oxidation upon expression of both human 0N3R (hTau0N3R ) and 0N4R (hTau0N4R ) tau in vivo. Building on these studies, we demonstrate here the suppression of hTau0N3R associated phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster after treatment with vitamin C or vitamin E. Curiously the rescue of phenotype was seen without alteration in total tau level or alteration in phosphorylation at a number of disease-associated sites. Moreover, treatment with paraquat, a pro-oxidant drug, did not exacerbate the hTau0N3R phenotypes. This result following paraquat treatment is reminiscent of our previous findings with hTau0N4R which also causes greater oxidative stress when compared to hTau0N3R but has a milder phenotype. Collectively our data imply that the role of oxidative stress in tau-mediated toxicity is not straight forward and there may be isoform-specific effects as well as contribution of other factors. This may explain the ambiguous effects of anti-oxidant treatments on clinical outcome in dementia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cowan
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Megan A Sealey
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amritpal Mudher
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause dementia in elderly over 60 years of age. One of the disease hallmarks is oxidative stress which interconnects with other processes such as amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and tangle formation. This review discusses current thoughts on molecular mechanisms that may relate oxidative stress to Alzheimer’s disease and identifies genetic factors observed from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rayan Hassan Ibrahim Adam
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Osama A, Zhang J, Yao J, Yao X, Fang J. Nrf2: a dark horse in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101206. [PMID: 33144124 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, is the main cause of dementia. Common hallmarks of AD include the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) aggregation, high levels of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) and failure in redox homeostasis. To date, all proposed drugs affecting Aβ and/or p-tau have been failed in clinical trials. A decline in the expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-p45 derived factor 2) and its driven genes (NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC), and alteration of the Nrf2-related pathways have been observed in AD brains. Nrf2 plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating inflammation response. Nrf2 activation also provides cytoprotection against increasing pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases. These lines of evidence imply that Nrf2 activation may be a novel AD treatment option. Interestingly, recent studies have also demonstrated that Nrf2 interferes with several key pathogenic processes in AD including Aβ and p-tau pathways. The current review aims to provide insights into the role of Nrf2 in AD. Also, we discuss the progress and challenges regarding the Nrf2 activators for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Juan Yao
- School of pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ishida N, Aoki Y, Katsuoka F, Nishijima I, Nobukuni T, Anzawa H, Bin L, Tsuda M, Kumada K, Kudo H, Terakawa T, Otsuki A, Kinoshita K, Yamashita R, Minegishi N, Yamamoto M. Landscape of electrophilic and inflammatory stress-mediated gene regulation in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:71-83. [PMID: 33011271 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) are valuable for the functional analyses of diseases. We have established more than 4200 LCLs as one of the resources of an integrated biobank. While oxidative and inflammatory stresses play critical roles in the onset and progression of various diseases, the responsiveness of LCLs, especially that of biobank-made LCLs, to these stresses has not been established. To address how LCLs respond to these stresses, in this study, we performed RNA sequencing of eleven human LCLs that were treated with an electrophile, diethyl maleate (DEM) and/or an inflammatory mediator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that over two thousand genes, including those regulated by a master regulator of the electrophilic/oxidative stress response, NRF2, were upregulated in LCLs treated with DEM, while approximately three hundred genes, including inflammation-related genes, were upregulated in LPS-treated LCLs. Of the LPS-induced genes, a subset of proinflammatory genes was repressed by DEM, supporting the notion that DEM suppresses the expression of proinflammatory genes through NRF2 activation. Conversely, a part of DEM-induced gene was repressed by LPS, suggesting reciprocal interference between electrophilic and inflammatory stress-mediated pathways. These data clearly demonstrate that LCLs maintain, by and large, responsive pathways against oxidative and inflammatory stresses and further endorse the usefulness of the LCL supply from the biobank.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ishida
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of System Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ichiko Nishijima
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nobukuni
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hayato Anzawa
- Department of System Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Li Bin
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tsuda
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kumada
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Kudo
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Terakawa
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akihito Otsuki
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of System Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Riu Yamashita
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Minegishi
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bu X, Li T, Wang H, Xia Z, Guo D, Wang J, Sun Y, Yang C, Liu G, Ma J, Yang Z, Wang G. Combination of Isoflurane and Propofol as General Anesthesia During Orthopedic Surgery of Perioperative Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rats to Avoid Cognitive Impairment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:549081. [PMID: 33195298 PMCID: PMC7646644 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.549081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) is common, although the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment that results due to perioperative cerebral hypoperfusion remains to be determined. Isoflurane anesthesia induces neuronal injury via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whereas a sub-anesthetic dose of propofol improves postoperative cognitive function. However, the effects of the combination of isoflurane plus propofol, which is a common aesthetic combination administered to patients, on ER stress and cognition remain unknown. Methods: We sought to determine the effects of isoflurane plus propofol on ER stress and cognitive function in rats insulted by cerebral hypoperfusion. Ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) was adopted to develop the cerebral hypoperfusion rat model. A second surgery, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), requiring general anesthesia, was performed 30 days later so that the effects of anesthetics on the cognitive function of CH rats could be assessed. Rats received isoflurane alone (1.9%), propofol alone (40 mg·kg-1·h-1) or a combination of isoflurane and propofol (1% and 20 mg·kg-1·h-1 or 1.4% and 10 mg·kg-1·h-1). Behavioral studies (contextual fear conditioning [FC] test), histological analyses (Nissl staining) and biochemical analyses (western blotting of the harvested rat brain tissues) were employed. Results: Hippocampus-dependent memory of rats in group IP1 (1% isoflurane plus 20 mg·kg-1·h-1 propofol) was not impaired, and expression level of γ-aminobutyric acid A type receptor α1 subunit, a key cognition-related protein, remained normal. ER stress alleviator, binding immunoglobulin protein, increased extremely while ER stress transcription factor, C/EBP homologous protein, showed no statistical difference compared with the control group. Numbers of surviving neurons confirmed the substantial neuronal damage caused by propofol or isoflurane alone. Conclusions: These data suggest that ER stress contributes to the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment and that the combination of isoflurane and propofol did not aggravate cognitive impairment and ER stress in aging rats with CH that were further subjected to ORIF surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Tang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyi Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China.,The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for Ministry of Education, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Qu Z, Sun J, Zhang W, Yu J, Zhuang C. Transcription factor NRF2 as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:87-102. [PMID: 32730855 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as one of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulatory of oxidative stress defence. There is growing evidence indicating the relationship between NRF2 and AD. NRF2 activation mitigates multiple pathogenic processes involved in AD by upregulating antioxidative defense, inhibiting neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial function, maintaining proteostasis, and inhibiting ferroptosis. In addition, several NRF2 activators are currently being evaluated as AD therapeutic agents in clinical trials. Thus, targeting NRF2 has been the focus of a new strategy for prevention and treatment of AD. In this review, the role of NRF2 in AD and the NRF2 activators advanced into clinical and preclinical studies will be summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, 409 Guangrong Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Silva A, Pereira M, Carrascal MA, Brites G, Neves B, Moreira P, Resende R, Silva MM, Santos AE, Pereira C, Cruz MT. Calcium Modulation, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Skin Allergens Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease Cellular Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207791. [PMID: 33096789 PMCID: PMC7594024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence highlights nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) as a molecular target in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The well-known effect of electrophilic cysteine-reactive skin allergens on Nrf2-activation led to the hypothesis that these compounds could have a therapeutic role in AD. This was further supported by the neuroprotective activity of the skin allergen dimethyl fumarate (DMF), demonstrated in in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases. We evaluated the effect of the cysteine-reactive allergens 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD) and methyl heptine carbonate (MHC) on (1) neuronal redox imbalance and calcium dyshomeostasis using N2a wild-type (N2a-wt) and human APP-overexpressing neuronal cells (wild-type, N2a-APPwt) and (2) on neuroinflammation, using microglia BV-2 cells exposed to LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Phthalic anhydride (PA, mainly lysine-reactive), was used as a negative control. DMF, PPD and MHC increased Hmox1 gene and HMOX1 protein levels in N2a-APPwt cells suggesting Nrf2-dependent antioxidant activity. MHC, but also PA, rescued N2a-APPwt mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium levels in a Nrf2-independent pathway. All the chemicals showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing iNOS protein in microglia. This work highlights the potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of the selected skin allergens in in vitro models of AD, and supports further studies envisaging the validation of the results using in vivo AD models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (R.R.); (M.M.S.); (A.E.S.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Marta Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | | | - Gonçalo Brites
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (R.R.); (M.M.S.); (A.E.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Rosa Resende
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (R.R.); (M.M.S.); (A.E.S.); (C.P.)
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (R.R.); (M.M.S.); (A.E.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Armanda E. Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (R.R.); (M.M.S.); (A.E.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (R.R.); (M.M.S.); (A.E.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.M.); (R.R.); (M.M.S.); (A.E.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Araujo BG, Souza E Silva LF, de Barros Torresi JL, Siena A, Valerio BCO, Brito MD, Rosenstock TR. Decreased Mitochondrial Function, Biogenesis, and Degradation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients as a Potential Tool for Biomarker Research. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5084-102. [PMID: 32840822 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Due to ALS’s unpredictable onset and progression rate, the search for biomarkers that allow the detection and tracking of its development and therapeutic efficacy would be of significant medical value. Considering that alterations of energy supply are one of ALS’s main hallmarks and that a correlation has been established between gene expression in human brain tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the present work investigates whether changes in mitochondrial function could be used to monitor ALS. To achieve this goal, PBMCs from ALS patients and control subjects were used; blood sampling is a quite non-invasive method and is cost-effective. Different parameters were evaluated, namely cytosolic calcium levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, and metabolic compounds levels, as well as mitochondrial dynamics and degradation. Altogether, we observed lower mitochondrial calcium uptake/retention, mitochondria depolarization, and redox homeostasis deregulation, in addition to a decrease in critical metabolic genes, a diminishment in mitochondrial biogenesis, and an augmentation in mitochondrial fission and autophagy-related gene expression. All of these changes can contribute to the decreased ATP and pyruvate levels observed in ALS PBMCs. Our data indicate that PBMCs from ALS patients show a significant mitochondrial dysfunction, resembling several findings from ALS’ neural cells/models, which could be exploited as a powerful tool in ALS research. Our findings can also guide future studies on new pharmacological interventions for ALS since assessments of brain samples are challenging and represent a relevant limited strategy. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
|
46
|
Perluigi M, Tramutola A, Pagnotta S, Barone E, Butterfield DA. The BACH1/Nrf2 Axis in Brain in Down Syndrome and Transition to Alzheimer Disease-Like Neuropathology and Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E779. [PMID: 32839417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability that is associated with an increased risk to develop early-onset Alzheimer-like dementia (AD). The brain neuropathological features include alteration of redox homeostasis, mitochondrial deficits, inflammation, accumulation of both amyloid beta-peptide oligomers and senile plaques, as well as aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein-containing neurofibrillary tangles, among others. It is worth mentioning that some of the triplicated genes encoded are likely to cause increased oxidative stress (OS) conditions that are also associated with reduced cellular responses. Published studies from our laboratories propose that increased oxidative damage occurs early in life in DS population and contributes to age-dependent neurodegeneration. This is the result of damaged, oxidized proteins that belong to degradative systems, antioxidant defense system, neuronal trafficking. and energy metabolism. This review focuses on a key element that regulates redox homeostasis, the transcription factor Nrf2, which is negatively regulated by BACH1, encoded on chromosome 21. The role of the Nrf2/BACH1 axis in DS is under investigation, and the effects of triplicated BACH1 on the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2 are still unknown. In this review, we discuss the physiological relevance of BACH1/Nrf2 signaling in the brain and how the dysfunction of this system affects the redox homeostasis in DS neurons and how this axis may contribute to the transition of DS into DS with AD neuropathology and dementia. Further, some of the evidence collected in AD regarding the potential contribution of BACH1 to neurodegeneration in DS are also discussed.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hrelia P, Sita G, Ziche M, Ristori E, Marino A, Cordaro M, Molteni R, Spero V, Malaguti M, Morroni F, Hrelia S. Common Protective Strategies in Neurodegenerative Disease: Focusing on Risk Factors to Target the Cellular Redox System. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:8363245. [PMID: 32832006 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8363245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is an umbrella term for different conditions which primarily affect the neurons in the human brain. In the last century, significant research has been focused on mechanisms and risk factors relevant to the multifaceted etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are incurable, and the treatments available only control the symptoms or delay the progression of the disease. This review is aimed at characterizing the complex network of molecular mechanisms underpinning acute and chronic neurodegeneration, focusing on the disturbance in redox homeostasis, as a common mechanism behind five pivotal risk factors: aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycation, and vascular injury. Considering the complex multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative diseases, a preventive strategy able to simultaneously target multiple risk factors and disease mechanisms at an early stage is most likely to be effective to slow/halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin T, Chiu Y, Lin C, Lin C, Chao C, Chen Y, Yang S, Lin W, Mei Hsieh‐Li H, Wu Y, Chang K, Lee‐Chen G, Chen C. Exploration of multi-target effects of 3-benzoyl-5-hydroxychromen-2-one in Alzheimer's disease cell and mouse models. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13169. [PMID: 32496635 PMCID: PMC7433010 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein Tau, abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), plays crucial roles in microtubule assembly and stabilization. Abnormal Tau phosphorylation and aggregation are a common pathogenic hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hyperphosphorylation of Tau could change its conformation and result in self-aggregation, increased oxidative stress, and neuronal death. In this study, we examined the potential of licochalcone A (a natural chalcone) and five synthetic derivatives (LM compounds) for inhibiting Tau misfolding, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and providing neuroprotection in human cells expressing proaggregant ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed. All test compounds were soluble up to 100 μM in cell culture media and predicted to be orally bioavailable and CNS-active. Among them, licochalcone A and LM-031 markedly reduced Tau misfolding and associated ROS, promoted neurite outgrowth, and inhibited caspase 3 activity in ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed 293 and SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistic studies showed that LM-031 upregulates HSPB1 chaperone, NRF2/NQO1/GCLC pathway, and CREB-dependent BDNF/AKT/ERK/BCL2 pathway in ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed SH-SY5Y cells. Decreased neurite outgrowth upon induction of ΔK280 TauRD -DsRed was rescued by LM-031, which was counteracted by knockdown of NRF2 or CREB. LM-031 further rescued the downregulated NRF2 and pCREB, reduced Aβ and Tau levels in hippocampus and cortex, and ameliorated cognitive deficits in streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic 3 × Tg-AD mice. Our findings strongly indicate the potential of LM-031 for modifying AD progression by targeting HSPB1 to reduce Tau misfolding and activating NRF2 and CREB pathways to suppress apoptosis and promote neuron survival, thereby offering a new drug development avenue for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te‐Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Yin Lin
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Ying Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chieh Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Mei Yang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh‐Li
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yih‐Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Kuo‐Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Guey‐Jen Lee‐Chen
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chiung‐Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Y, Shang Y, Yan Z, Li H, Wang Z, Li Z, Liu Z. Pim1 kinase provides protection against high glucose-induced stress and apoptosis in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurosci Res 2020; 169:9-16. [PMID: 32593591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is complex and not well understood. Recently, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by hyperglycemia have been demonstrated to play a critical role in neuronal apoptosis, which then contributing to DPN. However, the specific molecular mechanism that underlies the hyperglycemia-induced neuronal stresses and apoptosis remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that Pim1 kinase is a positive modulator of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron survival in vitro. Hyperglycemia causes compensatory upregulation of Pim1 kinase in the DRG neurons, which provides protection against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and ER stress. Pharmacological inhibition of Pim1 not only sensitizes the stress response to high glucose in the DRG neurons, but also accelerates the apoptosis of DRG neurons in vitro. Therefore, our work provides experimental evidence for the prevention of high glucose-induced neuronal stress and apoptosis by targeting Pim1 kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuantong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhenzhong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang X, Li W, Zhou Q, Li J, Wang X, Zhang J, Li D, Qi X, Liu T, Zhao X, Li S, Yang L, Xie L. MANF Promotes Diabetic Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing and Nerve Regeneration by Attenuating Hyperglycemia-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Diabetes 2020; 69:1264-1278. [PMID: 32312869 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a neurotrophic factor widely expressed in mammalian tissues, and it exerts critical protective effects on neurons and other cell types in various disease models, such as those for diabetes. However, to date, the expression and roles of MANF in the cornea, with or without diabetic keratopathy (DK), remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MANF is abundantly expressed in normal corneal epithelial cells; however, MANF expression was significantly reduced in both unwounded and wounded corneal epithelium in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Recombinant human MANF significantly promoted normal and diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. Furthermore, MANF inhibited hyperglycemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Attenuation of ER stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) also ameliorated corneal epithelial closure and nerve regeneration. However, the beneficial effects of MANF and 4-PBA were abolished by an Akt inhibitor and Akt-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). Finally, we reveal that the subconjunctival injection of MANF-specific siRNA prevents corneal epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. Our results provide important evidence that hyperglycemia-suppressed MANF expression may contribute to delayed corneal epithelial wound healing and impaired nerve regeneration by increasing ER stress, and MANF may be a useful therapeutic modality for treating DK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weina Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dewei Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Qi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Suxia Li
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|