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Stepin EA, Sushko ES, Vnukova NG, Churilov GN, Rogova AV, Tomilin FN, Kudryasheva NS. Effects of Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenols with a Different Number of Oxygen Substituents on Bacterial Bioluminescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:708. [PMID: 38255785 PMCID: PMC10815327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-containing fullerenols are perspective agents for magnetic resonance imaging and cancer research. They combine the unique paramagnetic properties of Gd with solubility in water, low toxicity and antiradical activity of fullerenols. We compared the bioeffects of two Gd-containing fullerenols with a different number of oxygen groups-20 and 42: Gd@C82O20H14 and Gd@C82O42H32. The bioluminescent bacteria-based assay was applied to monitor the toxicity of fullerenols, bioluminescence was applied as a signal physiological parameter, and bacterial enzyme-based assay was used to evaluate the fullerenol effects on enzymatic intracellular processes. Chemiluminescence luminol assay was applied to monitor the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial and enzymatic media. It was shown that Gd@C82O42H32 and Gd@C82O20H14 inhibited bacterial bioluminescence at >10-1 and >10-2 gL-1, respectively, revealing a lower toxicity of Gd@C82O42H32. Low-concentration (10-3-10-1 gL-1) bacterial bioluminescence activation by Gd@C82O42H32 was observed, while this activation was not found under exposure to Gd@C82O20H14. Additional carboxyl groups in the structure of Gd@C82O42H32 were determined by infrared spectroscopy and confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The groups were supposed to endow Gd@C82O42H32 with higher penetration ability through the cellular membrane, activation ability, lower toxicity, balancing of the ROS content in the bacterial suspensions, and lower aggregation in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evsei A. Stepin
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Sushko
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
| | - Natalia G. Vnukova
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N. Churilov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Rogova
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660025 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Felix N. Tomilin
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660025 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Nakamura H, Okamura T, Tajima M, Kawano R, Yamaji M, Ohsaki S, Watano S. Enhancement of cell membrane permeability by using charged nanoparticles and a weak external electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32356-32363. [PMID: 37975520 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Because the cell membrane is the main barrier of intracellular delivery, it is important to facilitate and control the translocation of extracellular compounds across it. Our earlier molecular dynamics simulations suggested that charged nanoparticles under a weak external electric field can enhance the permeability of the cell membrane without disrupting it. However, this membrane permeabilization approach has not been tested experimentally. This study investigated the membrane crossing of a model compound (dextran with a Mw of 3000-5000) using charged nanoparticles and a weak external electric field. A model bilayer lipid membrane was prepared by using a droplet contact method. The permeability of the membrane was evaluated using the electrophysiological technique. Even when the applied electric field was below the critical strength for membrane breakdown, dextran was able to cross the membrane without causing membrane breakdown. These results indicate that adding nanomaterials under a weak electric field may enhance the translocation of delivery compounds across the cell membrane with less damage, suggesting a new strategy for intracellular delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Takumi Okamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Masaya Tajima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Misa Yamaji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shuji Ohsaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Satoru Watano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Kong H, Meng X, Akram NA, Zhu F, Hu J, Zhang Z. Seed Priming with Fullerol Improves Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme System of Two Winter Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1417. [PMID: 36987105 PMCID: PMC10052877 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) in plant science and agriculture is a very recent development. Many studies have been conducted to understand the interactions between CBNMs and plant responses, but how fullerol regulates wheat subjected to drought stress is still unclear. In this study, seeds of two wheat cultivars (CW131 and BM1) were pre-treated with different concentrations of fullerol to investigate seed germination and drought tolerance. Our results indicate that the application of fullerol at certain concentrations (25-200 mg L-1) significantly promoted seed germination in two wheat cultivars under drought stress; the most significant effective concentration was 50 mg L-1, which increased the final germination percentage by 13.7% and 9.7% compared to drought stress alone, respectively. Wheat plants exposed to drought stress induced a significant decrease in plant height and root growth, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased significantly. Interestingly, wheat seedlings of both cultivars grown from 50 and 100 mg L-1 fullerol-treated seeds were promoted in seedling growth under water stress, which was associated with lower ROS and MDA contents, as well as higher antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, modern cultivars (CW131) had better drought adaptation than old cultivars (BM1) did, while the effect of fullerol on wheat had no significant difference between the two cultivars. The study demonstrated the possibility of improving seed germination, seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activities by using appropriate concentrations of fullerol under drought stress. The results are significant for understanding the application of fullerol in agriculture under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Kong
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangzhan Meng
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Fengru Zhu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaxing Hu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Avilova IA, Chernyak AV, Soldatova YV, Mumyatov AV, Kraevaya OA, Khakina EA, Troshin PA, Volkov VI. Self-Organization of Fullerene Derivatives in Solutions and Biological Cells Studied by Pulsed Field Gradient NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113344. [PMID: 36362124 PMCID: PMC9658325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives are of great interest in various fields of science and technology. Fullerene derivatives are known to have pronounced anticancer and antiviral activity. They have antibacterial properties. Their properties are largely determined by association processes. Understanding the nature and properties of associates in solvents of various types will make it possible to make significant progress in understanding the mechanisms of aggregation of molecules of fullerene derivatives in solutions. Thus, this work, aimed at studying the size and stability of associates, is relevant and promising for further research. The NMR method in a pulsed field gradient was used, which makes it possible to directly study the translational mobility of molecules. The sizes of individual molecules and associates were calculated based on the Stokes–Einstein model. The lifetime of associates was also estimated. The interaction of water-soluble C60 fullerene derivatives with erythrocytes was also evaluated. The values of self-diffusion coefficients and the lifetime of molecules of their compounds in cell membranes are obtained. It is concluded that the molecules of fullerene derivatives are fixed on the cell surface, and their forward movement is controlled by lateral diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Avilova
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Chernyak
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Soldatova
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mumyatov
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kraevaya
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | | | - Pavel A. Troshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Vitaliy I. Volkov
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Lichota A, Szabelski M, Krokosz A. Quenching of Protein Fluorescence by Fullerenol C(60)(OH)(36) Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36293241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the interaction between fullerenol C60(OH)36 (FUL) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. As shown in the study, the fluorescence intensities of ADH and HSA at excitation wavelengths λex = 280 nm (Trp, Tyr) and λex = 295 nm (Trp) are decreased with the increase in the FUL concentration. The results of time-resolved measurements indicate that both quenching mechanisms, dynamic and static, are present. The binding constant Kb and the number of binding sites were obtained for HSA and ADH. Thus, the results indicated the formation of FUL complexes and proteins. However, the binding of FUL to HSA is much stronger than that of ADH. The transfer of energy from the protein to FUL was also proved.
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Tian Y, Tian Z, Dong Y, Wang X, Zhan L. Current advances in nanomaterials affecting morphology, structure, and function of erythrocytes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6958-6971. [PMID: 35423203 PMCID: PMC8695043 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, nanomaterials have been widely used in the field of biomedicine due to their unique physical and chemical properties, and have shown good prospects for in vitro diagnosis, drug delivery, and imaging. With regard to transporting nanoparticles (NPs) to target tissues or organs in the body intravenously or otherwise, blood is the first tissue that NPs come into contact with and is also considered an important gateway for targeted transport. Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in the blood, but previous studies based on interactions between erythrocytes and NPs mostly focused on the use of erythrocytes as drug carriers for nanomedicine which were chemically bound or physically adsorbed by NPs, so little is known about the effects of nanoparticles on the morphology, structure, function, and circulation time of erythrocytes in the body. Herein, this review focuses on the mechanisms by which nanoparticles affect the structure and function of erythrocyte membranes, involving the hemocompatibility of NPs, the way that NPs interact with erythrocyte membranes, effects of NPs on erythrocyte surface membrane proteins and their structural morphology and the effect of NPs on erythrocyte lifespan and function. The detailed analysis in this review is expected to shed light on the more advanced biocompatibility of nanomaterials and pave the way for the development of new nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Tian
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian Shandong 271016 China
| | - Zhaoju Tian
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Taian Shandong 271016 China
| | - Yanrong Dong
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Zhan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine Beijing 100850 People's Republic of China
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Grebowski J, Konopko A, Krokosz A, DiLabio GA, Litwinienko G. Antioxidant activity of highly hydroxylated fullerene C 60 and its interactions with the analogue of α-tocopherol. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:734-744. [PMID: 32871231 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxylated fullerenes (fullerenols) are excellent free radical scavengers. Despite the large number of reports on their reactions with reactive oxygen species, there is no report on their ability to trap lipid peroxyl radicals and act as chain-breaking antioxidants. In this work we studied the effect of fullerenol C60(OH)36 on the kinetics of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid ester (methyl linoleate) dispersed in two model systems that mimic biological systems: Triton X-100 micelles and Large Unilamellar Vesicles, at pH 4, 7 and 10. As a control antioxidant 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxychroman (PMHC, an analog of α-tocopherol) was used. In micellar systems at pH 4.0, C60(OH)36 reacts with peroxyl radicals with kinh= (5.8 ± 0.3) × 103 M-1s-1 (for PMHC kinh = 22 × 103 M-1s-1). Surprisingly, at pH 7 a retardation instead of inhibition was recorded, and at pH 10 no effect on the kinetics of the process was observed. In liposomal systems fullerenol was not active at pH 4.0 but at pH 7.0 kinh = (8.8 ± 2.6) × 103 M-1s-1 for fullerenol was 30% lower than kinh for PMHC. Using two fluorescent probes we confirmed that at pH 7.4 fullerenol/fullerenol anions are incorporated into the phospholipid heads of the bilayer. We also studied the cooperation of C60(OH)36 with PMHC: both compounds seem to contribute their peroxyl radical trapping abilities independently at pH 4 whereas at pH 7 and 10 a hyper-synergy was observed. The antioxidant action of C60(OH)36 and its synergy with PMHC was also confirmed for peroxidation of human erythrocytes at pH 7.4. Assuming the simplified structural model of fullerenol limited to 36 hydroxyls as the only functional groups attached to C60 core we found by density-functional theory a low energy structure with OH groups distributed in the form of two polyhydroxyl regions separating two unsubstituted carbon regions with biphenyl-like structure. Our calculations indicate that abstraction of hydrogen atom from fullerenol by peroxyl or tocopheroxyl radical is endoergic. As the electron transfer from fullerenol polyanion to the radicals is also energetically disfavoured, the most probable mechanism of reaction with radicals is subsequent addition of peroxyl/tocopheroxyl radicals to biphenyl moieties surrounded by OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Division of Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland; The Military Medical Training Center, 6-Sierpnia 92, 90-646, Lodz, Poland; University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Konopko
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gino A DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Management, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Efimova SS, Khaleneva DA, Litasova EV, Piotrovskiy LB, Ostroumova OS. The mechanisms of action of water-soluble aminohexanoic and malonic adducts of fullerene C 60 with hexamethonium on model lipid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183433. [PMID: 32763244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to understand the possibility of applications of the fullerene-based systems for transporting various polar compounds like hexamethonium through the blood-brain barrier, we studied the influence of a series of derivatives of fullerene C60 in the form of salts with hexamethonium bis-anion, namely the adducts of fullerenols with 6-aminohexanoic acid (IEM-2197), and two bis-adduct malonic acid derivatives of fullerene with addents bound in two hemispheres (IEM-2143) and in equatorial positions (IEM-2144), on model membranes. We showed that IEM-2197 induced the disintegration of the bilayers composed of DOPC at the concentrations more than 2 mg/ml. IEM-2144 and IEM-2143-induced ion-permeable pores at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.02 mg/ml, respectively; herewith, IEM-2143 was characterized by the greater efficiency than IEM-2144. IEM-2197 did not significantly affect the phase behavior of DPPC, while the melting temperature significantly decreased with addition of IEM-2144 and IEM-2143. The increase in the half-width of the main transition peaks by more than 2.0 °C in the presence of IEM-2144 and IEM-2143 was observed, along with the pronounced peak deconvolution. We proposed that the immersion of IEM-2144 and IEM-2143 into the polar region of the DOPC or DPPC bilayers led to an increase in the relative mobility of tails and formation of ion-permeable defects. IEM-2197 demonstrated the more pronounced effects on the melting and ion permeability of PG- and PS-containing bilayers compared to PC-enriched membranes. These results indicated that IEM-2197 preferentially interacts with the negatively charged lipids compared to neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Efimova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian of the Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - D A Khaleneva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian of the Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E V Litasova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - L B Piotrovskiy
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - O S Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian of the Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Lichota A, Piwoński I, Michlewska S, Krokosz A. A Multiparametric Study of Internalization of Fullerenol C 60(OH) 36 Nanoparticles into Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Cytotoxicity in Oxidative Stress Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072281. [PMID: 32224851 PMCID: PMC7177525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and accumulation of fullerenol C60(OH)36 into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Some additional studies were also performed: measurement of fullerenol nanoparticle size, zeta potential, and the influence of fullerenol on the ionizing radiation-induced damage to PMBCs. Fullerenol C60(OH)36 demonstrated an ability to accumulate in PBMCs. The accumulation of fullerenol in those cells did not have a significant effect on cell survival, nor on the distribution of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane. However, fullerenol-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane proportional to the compound level in the medium was observed. Results also indicated that increased fullerenol level in the medium was associated with its enhanced transport into cells, corresponding to its influence on the mitochondrial membrane. The obtained results clearly showed the ability of C60(OH)36 to enter cells and its effect on PBMC mitochondrial membrane potential. However, we did not observe radioprotective properties of fullerenol under the conditions used in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Piwoński
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-4475
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Bolshakova O, Borisenkova A, Suyasova M, Sedov V, Slobodina A, Timoshenko S, Varfolomeeva E, Golomidov I, Lebedev V, Aksenov V, Sarantseva S. In vitro and in vivo study of the toxicity of fullerenols С 60, С 70 and С 120О obtained by an original two step method. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 104:109945. [PMID: 31499967 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of C60(OH)30, C70(OH)30, and C120O(OH)n fullerenols, prepared by a new original method, has been studied. This method allowed us to obtain high-purity fullerenols and eliminate the risks of synthesis of preparations containing insoluble fractions contaminated with impurities such as fullerenes not completely reacted by hydroxylation. All fullerenols were detected inside cultured cells. The MTT assay as well as the analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle showed that С60(ОН)30 and С70(OH)30 are non-toxic for cultured V79 и HeLa cells at concentrations exceeding physiological levels by an order of magnitude. С120O(OH)n caused low toxicity. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster showed that any preparations used did not result in a decreased lifespan or in behavior abnormalities in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bolshakova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Alina Borisenkova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Marina Suyasova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Victor Sedov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Slobodina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Svetlana Timoshenko
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Elena Varfolomeeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Ilia Golomidov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Vasily Lebedev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Victor Aksenov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sarantseva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina 188300, Russia.
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Zhao L, Zhang H, Wang J, Tian L, Li F, Liu S, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL, White JC, Huang Y, Keller A, Ji R. C60 Fullerols Enhance Copper Toxicity and Alter the Leaf Metabolite and Protein Profile in Cucumber. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:2171-2180. [PMID: 30657311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stress induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which limit crop production. Little is known about ROS reduction through the application of exogenous scavengers. In this study, C60 fullerol, a free radical scavenger, was foliar applied to three-week-old cucumber plants (1 or 2 mg/plant) before exposure to copper ions (5 mg/plant). Results showed that C60 fullerols augmented Cu toxicity by increasing the influx of Cu ions into cells (170% and 511%, respectively, for 1 and 2 mg of C60 fullerols/plant). We further use metabolomics and proteomics to investigate the mechanism of plant response to C60 fullerols. Metabolomics revealed that C60 fullerols up-regulated antioxidant metabolites including 3-hydroxyflavone, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and methyl trans-cinnamate, among others, while it down-regulated cell membrane metabolites (linolenic and palmitoleic acid). Proteomics analysis revealed that C60 fullerols up-regulated chloroplast proteins involved in water photolysis (PSII protein), light-harvesting (CAB), ATP production (ATP synthase), pigment fixation (Mg-PPIX), and electron transport ( Cyt b6f). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement showed that C60 fullerols significantly accelerated the electron transport rate in leaves (13.3% and 9.4%, respectively, for 1 and 2 mg C60 fullerols/plant). The global view of the metabolic pathway network suggests that C60 fullerols accelerated electron transport rate, which induced ROS overproduction in chloroplast thylakoids. Plant activated antioxidant and defense pathways to protect the cell from ROS damaging. The revealed benefit (enhance electron transport) and risk (alter membrane composition) suggest a cautious use of C60 fullerols for agricultural application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Liyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Fangfang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) , New Haven , Connecticut 06504 , United States
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
| | - Arturo Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Kanomata K, Deguchi T, Ma T, Haseyama T, Miura M, Yamaura D, Tadaki D, Niwano M, Hirano-Iwata A, Hirose F. Photomodulation of electrical conductivity of a PCBM-doped free-standing lipid bilayer in buffer solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Grebowski J, Kazmierska P, Litwinienko G, Lankoff A, Wolszczak M, Krokosz A. Fullerenol C60(OH)36 protects human erythrocyte membrane against high-energy electrons. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2018; 1860:1528-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Zorova LD, Popkov VA, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Pevzner IB, Jankauskas SS, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Balakireva AV, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ, Zorov DB. Mitochondrial membrane potential. Anal Biochem 2018; 552:50-59. [PMID: 28711444 PMCID: PMC5792320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) generated by proton pumps (Complexes I, III and IV) is an essential component in the process of energy storage during oxidative phosphorylation. Together with the proton gradient (ΔpH), ΔΨm forms the transmembrane potential of hydrogen ions which is harnessed to make ATP. The levels of ΔΨm and ATP in the cell are kept relatively stable although there are limited fluctuations of both these factors that can occur reflecting normal physiological activity. However, sustained changes in both factors may be deleterious. A long-lasting drop or rise of ΔΨm vs normal levels may induce unwanted loss of cell viability and be a cause of various pathologies. Among other factors, ΔΨm plays a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis through selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria. It is also a driving force for transport of ions (other than H+) and proteins which are necessary for healthy mitochondrial functioning. We propose additional potential mechanisms for which ΔΨm is essential for maintenance of cellular health and viability and provide recommendations how to accurately measure ΔΨm in a cell and discuss potential sources of artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina B Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina A Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Savva D Zorov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Balakireva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Kazmierska-Grebowska P, Kobrzycka A, Bocian R, Kowalczyk T, Krokosz A, Grebowski J. Fullerenol C 60(OH) 36 at relatively high concentrations impairs hippocampal theta oscillations (in vivo and in vitro) and triggers epilepsy (in vitro) - A dose response study. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:98-109. [PMID: 29909157 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the first identification of fullerenes (C60) and their synthesis in 1985, those compounds have been extensively studied in the biomedical field. In particular, their water-soluble derivatives, fullerenols (C60(OH)n, n = 2-48), have recently been the subject of numerous investigations concerning their antioxidant and prooxidant properties in biological systems. A small fraction of that research has focused on the possible use of C60 and C60(OH)n in neuroscience and the therapy of pathologies such as dementia, amyloid-β (Aβ) formation, and Parkinson's disease. However, only a few studies have focused on their direct effects on neuronal network viability and excitability, especially with the use of electrophysiological and electrochemical approaches. Therefore, we addressed the issue of the direct effect of hydroxylated fullerene nanoparticles C60(OH)36 on local field potentials at the hippocampal formation (HPC) level. With the use of in vitro hippocampal formation slices as a stable model of inducing theta oscillations, and an in vivo model of an anesthetized rat, herein we provide the first convergent electropharmacological evidence that C60(OH)36 at relatively high concentrations (60 μM and 80 μM in vitro; 0.2 μg/μl in vivo) is capable of attenuating the amplitude, power, and frequency of theta oscillations in the HPC neuronal network. At the same time, lower concentrations did not induce any apparent changes. Theta band oscillations constitute a key physiological phenotypic property, which served here as a sensitive assay enabling the study of neural network excitability. Moreover, we report that C60(OH)36 at the concentrations of 60 μM and 80 μM is capable of producing epilepsy in the HPC in vitro, which suggests that C60(OH)n, when applied at higher doses, may have a deleterious effect on the functioning of neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kazmierska-Grebowska
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Kobrzycka
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Bocian
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; The Military Medical Training Center, 6 Sierpnia Street No 92, 90-646 Lodz, Poland
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Avilova I, Khakina E, Kraevaya O, Kotelnikov A, Kotelnikova R, Troshin P, Volkov V. Self-diffusion of water-soluble fullerene derivatives in mouse erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1860:1537-1543. [PMID: 29792833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-diffusion of water-soluble fullerene derivative (WSFD) C60[S(CH2)3SO3Na]5H in mouse red blood cells (RBC) was characterized by 1H pulsed field gradient NMR technique. It was found that a fraction of fullerene molecules (~13% of the fullerene derivative added in aqueous RBC suspension) shows a self-diffusion coefficient of (5.5 ± 0.8)·10-12 m2/s, which is matching the coefficient of the lateral diffusion of lipids in the erythrocyte membrane (DL = (5.4 ± 0.8)·10-12 m2/s). This experimental finding evidences the absorption of the fullerene derivative by RBC. Fullerene derivative molecules are also absorbed by RBC ghosts and phosphatidylcholine liposomes as manifested in self-diffusion coefficients of (7.9 ± 1.2)·10-12 m2/s and (7.7 ± 1.2)·10-12 m2/s, which are also close to the lateral diffusion coefficients of (6.5 ± 1.0)·10-12 m2/s and (8.5 ± 1.3)·10-12 m2/s, respectively. The obtained results suggest that fullerene derivative molecules are, probably, fixed on the RBC surface. The average residence time of the fullerene derivative molecule on RBC was estimated as 440 ± 70 ms. Thus, the pulsed field gradient NMR was shown to be a versatile technique for investigation of the interactions of the fullerene derivatives with blood cells providing essential information, which can be projected on their behavior in-vivo after intravenous administration while screening as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Avilova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Khakina
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ol''ga Kraevaya
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia; Higher Chemical College, Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Kotelnikov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Raisa Kotelnikova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Pavel Troshin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel st. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Volkov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia; Science Center in Chernogolovka, RAS, Lesnaya str. 9, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia.
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17
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Petrovic D, Seke M, Borovic ML, Jovic D, Borisev I, Srdjenovic B, Rakocevic Z, Pavlovic V, Djordjevic A. Hepatoprotective effect of fullerenol/doxorubicin nanocomposite in acute treatment of healthy rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:199-211. [PMID: 29727604 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our recent studies we have designed fullerenol/doxorubicin nanocomposite (FNP/DOX) as the new drug nanocarrier. This research has demonstrated that this novel nanocomposite has had better implications on the liver tissue in vivo (Wistar rats treated intraperitoneally), than treatment based only on DOX. FNP/DOX has been characterised by DLS, TEM and AFM measurements which have shown that DOX loaded onto FNP did not influence fullerenol nanoparticle's size. FNP/DOX affected oxidative status in blood causing a significant decrease of catalase and SOD activity in comparison to DOX, implicating the reduction in oxidative stress. qRT-PCR results on the mRNA level of antioxidative enzymes (catalase and MnSOD) revealed that the effect of oxidative stress is significantly reduced by the treatment with FNP/DOX (p < .05). The ultrastructural analysis of the liver tissue has revealed that FNP/DOX nanocomposite generated considerably less damage in the liver tissue, than DOX applied at the same dose. Hence, our results have indicated that FNP, within FNP/DOX nanocomposite, exhibits protective effects to the liver tissue of the healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Petrovic
- Department of Natural Sciences and Management in Education, Faculty of Education Sombor, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Mariana Seke
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Jovic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Borisev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branislava Srdjenovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zlatko Rakocevic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pavlovic
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Djordjevic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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