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Siva Venkatesh IP, Majumdar A, Basu A. Prophylactic Administration of Gut Microbiome Metabolites Abrogated Microglial Activation and Subsequent Neuroinflammation in an Experimental Model of Japanese Encephalitis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1712-1727. [PMID: 38581382 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbial metabolic derivatives produced during the fermentation of ingested complex carbohydrates. SCFAs have been widely regarded to have a potent anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective role and have implications in several disease conditions, such as, inflammatory bowel disease, type-2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotropic flavivirus, is associated with life threatening neuro-inflammation and neurological sequelae in infected hosts. In this study, we hypothesize that SCFAs have potential in mitigating JEV pathogenesis. Postnatal day 10 BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with either a SCFA mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) or PBS for a period of 7 days, followed by JEV infection. All mice were observed for onset and progression of symptoms. The brain tissue was collected upon reaching terminal illness for further analysis. SCFA-supplemented JEV-infected mice (SCFA + JEV) showed a delayed onset of symptoms, lower hindlimb clasping score, and decreased weight loss and increased survival by 3 days (p < 0.0001) upon infection as opposed to the PBS-treated JEV-infected animals (JEV). Significant downregulation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IFN-Υ in the SCFA + JEV group relative to the JEV-infected control group was observed. Inflammatory mediators, phospho-NF-kB (P-NF-kB) and iba1, showed 2.08 ± 0.1 and 3.132 ± 0.43-fold upregulation in JEV versus 1.19 ± 0.11 and 1.31 ± 0.11-fold in the SCFA + JEV group, respectively. Tissue section analysis exhibited reduced glial activation (JEV group─42 ± 2.15 microglia/ROI; SCFA + JEV group─27.07 ± 1.8 microglia/ROI) in animals that received SCFA supplementation prior to infection as seen from the astrocytic and microglial morphometric analysis. Caspase-3 immunoblotting showed 4.08 ± 1.3-fold upregulation in JEV as compared to 1.03 ± 0.14-fold in the SCFA + JEV group and TUNEL assay showed a reduced cellular death post-JEV infection (JEV-6.4 ± 1.5 cells/ROI and SCFA + JEV-3.7 ± 0.73 cells/ROI). Our study critically contributes to the increasing evidence in support of SCFAs as an anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective agent, we further expand its scope as a potential supplementary intervention in JEV-mediated neuroinflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/microbiology
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/drug therapy
- Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/microbiology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Encephalitis, Japanese/virology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/therapeutic use
- Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/drug effects
- Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/pathogenicity
- Survival Analysis
- Chemokines/immunology
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/metabolism
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/prevention & control
- Humans
- Female
- Animals
- Mice
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/virology
- Viral Load/drug effects
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atreye Majumdar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
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Nakajima S, Demers G, Machuca-Parra AI, Pour ZD, Bairamian D, Bouyakdan K, Fisette A, Kabahizi A, Robb J, Rodaros D, Laurent C, Ferreira G, Arbour N, Alquier T, Fulton S. Central activation of the fatty acid sensor GPR120 suppresses microglia reactivity and alleviates sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:302. [PMID: 38111048 PMCID: PMC10729532 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120, Ffar4) is a sensor for long-chain fatty acids including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) known for beneficial effects on inflammation, metabolism, and mood. GPR120 mediates the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of n-3 PUFAs in peripheral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of GPR120 stimulation on microglial reactivity, neuroinflammation and sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors by acute proinflammatory insults. We found GPR120 mRNA to be enriched in both murine and human microglia, and in situ hybridization revealed GPR120 expression in microglia of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in mice. In a manner similar to or exceeding n-3 PUFAs, GPR120 agonism (Compound A, CpdA) strongly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory marker expression in primary mouse microglia, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inhibited nuclear factor-ĸB translocation to the nucleus. Central administration of CpdA to adult mice blunted LPS-induced hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behavior and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IBA-1 (microglia marker) mRNA in the NAc, a brain region modulating anxiety and motivation and implicated in neuroinflammation-induced mood deficits. GPR120 agonist pre-treatment attenuated NAc microglia reactivity and alleviated sickness-like behaviors elicited by central injection TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings suggest that microglial GPR120 contributes to neuroimmune regulation and behavioral changes in response to acute infection and elevated brain cytokines. GPR120 may participate in the protective action of n-3 PUFAs at the neural and behavioral level and offers potential as treatment target for neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Demers
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Arturo Israel Machuca-Parra
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Zahra Dashtehei Pour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Diane Bairamian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Khalil Bouyakdan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Anita Kabahizi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Josephine Robb
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Demetra Rodaros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Cyril Laurent
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology Unit, UMR 1286, INRA-Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada.
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Moonwiriyakit A, Yimnual C, Noitem R, Dinsuwannakol S, Sontikun J, Kaewin S, Worakajit N, Soontornniyomkij V, Muanprasat C. GPR120/FFAR4 stimulation attenuates airway remodeling and suppresses IL-4- and IL-13-induced airway epithelial injury via inhibition of STAT6 and Akt. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115774. [PMID: 37924784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is associated with severity and treatment insensitivity in asthma. This study aimed to investigate the effects of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) stimulation on alleviating allergic inflammation and remodeling of airway epithelium. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice and type-2-cytokine (IL-4 and IL-13)-exposed 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with GSK137647A, a selective GPR120 agonist. Markers of allergic inflammation and airway remodeling were determined. RESULTS GSK137647A attenuated inflammation and mucus secretion in airway epithelium of OVA-challenged mice. Stimulation of GPR120 in 16HBE suppressed expression of asthma-associated cytokines and cytokine-induced expression of pathogenic mucin-MUC5AC. These effects were abolished by co-treatment with AH7614, a GPR120 antagonist. Moreover, GPR120 stimulation in 16HBE cells reduced expression of fibrotic markers including fibronectin protein and ACTA2 mRNA and inhibited epithelial barrier leakage induced by type-2 inflammation via rescuing expression of zonula occludens-1 protein. Furthermore, GPR120 stimulation prevented the cytokine-induced airway epithelial remodeling via suppression of STAT6 and Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that GPR120 activation alleviates allergic inflammation and remodeling of airway epithelium partly through inhibition of STAT6 and Akt. GPR120 may represent a novel therapeutic target for diseases associated with remodeling of airway epithelium, including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Chantapol Yimnual
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Rattikarn Noitem
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand; Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Dinsuwannakol
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Sontikun
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Suchada Kaewin
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Worakajit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand; Translational Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virawudh Soontornniyomkij
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand.
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Lin SY, Wang YY, Pan PH, Wang JD, Yang CP, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Liao SL, Lo YL, Chang YH, Chen CJ. DHA alleviated hepatic and adipose inflammation with increased adipocyte browning in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109457. [PMID: 37797731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with accumulation of inflammatory immune cells in white adipose tissue, whereas thermogenic browning adipose tissue is inhibited. Dietary fatty acids are important nutritional components and several clinical and experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on obesity-related metabolic changes. In this study, we investigated effects of DHA on hepatic and adipose inflammation and adipocyte browning in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice, and in vitro 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Since visceral white adipose tissue has a close link with metabolic abnormality, epididymal adipose tissue represents current target for evaluation. A course of 8-week DHA supplementation improved common phenotypes of obesity, including improvement of insulin resistance, inhibition of macrophage M1 polarization, and preservation of macrophage M2 polarization in hepatic and adipose tissues. Moreover, dysregulated adipokines and impaired thermogenic and browning molecules, considered obesogenic mechanisms, were improved by DHA, along with parallel alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial DNA stress-directed innate immunity. During 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation, DHA treatment decreased lipid droplet accumulation and increased the levels of thermogenic, browning, and mitochondrial biogenesis molecules. Our study provides experimental evidence that DHA mitigates obesity-associated inflammation and induces browning of adipose tissue in visceral epididymal adipose tissue. Since obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities across tissues, our findings indicate that DHA may have potential as part of a dietary intervention to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Wu CC, Tzeng CY, Chang CY, Wang JD, Chen YF, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Liao SL, Wang WY, Chen CJ. NMDA receptor inhibitor MK801 alleviated pro-inflammatory polarization of BV-2 microglia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175927. [PMID: 37479018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Microglia have both protective and pathogenic properties, while polarization plays a decisive role in their functional diversity. Apart from being an energetic organelle, mitochondria possess biological capabilities of signaling and immunity involving mitochondrial dynamics. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor displays excitatory neurotransmission, excitatory neurotoxicity and pro-inflammatory properties in a membrane location- and cell context-dependent manner. In this study, we have provided experimental evidence showing that by acting on mitochondrial dynamics, NMDA receptors displayed pro-inflammatory properties, while its non-competitive inhibitor MK801 exhibited anti-inflammatory potential in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged BV-2 microglia cells. LPS stimulation increased the protein phosphorylation of cells regarding their NMDA receptor component subunits and Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII), along with mobilizing intracellular calcium. Additionally, parallel changes occurred in the activation of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)-Activated Kinase 1 (TAK1), NF-κB p65 and NF-κB DNA binding activity, acquisition of pro-inflammatory M1 polarization and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LPS-treated cells further displayed signs of mitochondrial dysfunction with higher expressions of the active form of Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (Drp1), NADPH Oxidase-2 (NOX2) expression and the generation of DCFDA-/MitoSOX-sensitive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). NMDA receptor blockade by MK801, along with CaMKII inhibitor KN93, Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 and antioxidant apocynin alleviated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory changes. Other than the reported CaMKII/TAK1/NF-κB axis, our in vitro study revealed the CaMKII/Drp1/ROS/NF-κB axis being an alternative cascade for shaping pro-inflammatory phenotypes of microglia upon LPS stimulation, and MK801 having the potential for inhibiting microglia activation and any associated inflammatory damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan; Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung City, 433, Taiwan; Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung City, 433, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuh Tzeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung City, 420, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung City, 433, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
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Liu Q, Deng W, Guo X, Li K. High-throughput sequencing-based Detection of Japanese encephalitis virus and its effect on micro ribonucleic acid. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106267. [PMID: 37482114 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
it was to explore the mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) under high-throughput sequencing. 20 experimental mice, with good growth status and no disease infection, were selected. The cells used in the experiment included mouse microglial cell line (BV2), mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NA), and mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3). JEV titration was performed with JEV-infected cells, ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the cells was extracted, and finally the miRNA high-throughput sequencing data was analyzed. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the 28S and 18S electrophoresis bands were bright. Among the miRNAs detected in mouse brain tissues, 2986 were down-regulated and 1251 were up-regulated. Among miRNAs detected in NA cells, 4238 the decreasing expression and 2356 were expressed increasingly. In reducing miRNA expression, 1 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of P3 strain infection was more significant than 0.1 MOI. 10 miRNAs with significantly decreasing expression were miR-466d-3p, miR-381-3p, miR-540-3p, miR-466a-3p, miR-467a-3p, miR-574-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-467a-5p, miR-674-5p, and miR-376b-3p. These were all obviously down-regulated in JEV-infected BV2, NA, and bEnd.3 neurons. High-throughput sequencing of JEV-infected mouse brain tissues and mouse neuronal cells found that JEV infection led to down-regulation of overall miRNA expression in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- Department of Neurology 2, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weisheng Deng
- Department of Neurology 2, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuemin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, 505041, Guangdong Province, China.
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Xu X, Yang Q, Liu Z, Zhang R, Yu H, Wang M, Chen S, Xu G, Shao Y, Le W. Integrative analysis of metabolomics and proteomics unravels purine metabolism disorder in the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106110. [PMID: 37001614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with progressive paralysis of limbs and bulb in patients, the cause of which remains unclear. Accumulating studies suggest that motor neuron degeneration is associated with systemic metabolic impairment in ALS. However, the metabolic reprogramming and underlying mechanism in the longitudinal progression of the disease remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular changes at both metabolic and proteomic levels during disease progression to identify the most critical metabolic pathways and underlying mechanisms involved in ALS pathophysiological changes. Utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we analyzed the metabolites' levels of plasma, lumbar spinal cord, and motor cortex from SOD1G93A mice and wildtype (WT) littermates at different stages. To elucidate the regulatory network underlying metabolic changes, we further analyzed the proteomics profile in the spinal cords of SOD1G93A and WT mice. A group of metabolites implicated in purine metabolism, methionine cycle, and glycolysis were found differentially expressed in ALS mice, and abnormal expressions of enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways were also confirmed. Notably, we first demonstrated that dysregulation of purine metabolism might contribute to the pathogenesis and disease progression of ALS. Furthermore, we discovered that fatty acid metabolism, TCA cycle, arginine and proline metabolism, and folate-mediated one‑carbon metabolism were also significantly altered in this disease. The identified differential metabolites and proteins in our study could complement existing data on metabolic reprogramming in ALS, which might provide new insight into the pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets of ALS.
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8
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Coniglio S, Shumskaya M, Vassiliou E. Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Immunomodulatory Properties. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36829556 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Oils are an essential part of the human diet and are primarily derived from plant (or sometimes fish) sources. Several of them exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Specific diets, such as Mediterranean diet, that are high in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) have even been shown to exert an overall positive impact on human health. One of the most widely used supplements in the developed world is fish oil, which contains high amounts of PUFAs docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid. This review is focused on the natural sources of various polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the human diet, and their role as precursor molecules in immune signaling pathways. Consideration is also given to their role in CNS immunity. Recent findings from clinical trials utilizing various fatty acids or diets high in specific fatty acids are reviewed, along with the mechanisms through which fatty acids exert their anti-inflammatory properties. An overall understanding of diversity of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their role in several molecular signaling pathways is useful in formulating diets that reduce inflammation and increase longevity.
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Zhou L, Liang J, Xiong T. Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on inflammatory response after ischemic stroke. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:500-506. [PMID: 37202091 PMCID: PMC10264999 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by cute onset and high mortality. The suppression of neuroinflammation is crucial in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) have attracted extensive research attention due to their wide origin, small size, and containing large number of active components. Recent studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes can inhibit the proinflammatory activity of microglia and astrocytes and stimulate their neuroprotective activity; also can inhibit neuroinflammation by regulating immune cells and inflammatory mediators. This article reviews the roles and related mechanism of MSC-derived exosomes in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke, hoping to provide ideas and references for the development of a novel approach for the treatment of ischemic stroke diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhou
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
- 2. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease Prevention and Control, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianqing Xiong
- 1. Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
- 2. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease Prevention and Control, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Sanjay, Park M, Lee H. Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7300. [PMID: 35806302 PMCID: PMC9266841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype (classically activated) or the M2 phenotype (alternatively activated) is critical in determining the fate of immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). M1 macrophages contribute to neurotoxicity, neuronal and synaptic damage, and oxidative stress and are the first line of defense, and M2 macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to regulate neuroinflammation, clear cell debris, and promote neuroregeneration. Various studies have focused on the ability of natural compounds to promote microglial polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype in several diseases, including NDs. However, studies on the roles of fatty acids in microglial polarization and their implications in NDs are a rare find. Most of the studies support the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in microglial polarization using cell and animal models. Thus, we aimed to collect data and provide a narrative account of microglial types, markers, and studies pertaining to fatty acids, particularly PUFAs, on microglial polarization and their neuroprotective effects. The involvement of only PUFAs in the chosen topic necessitates more in-depth research into the role of unexplored fatty acids in microglial polarization and their mechanistic implications. The review also highlights limitations and future challenges.
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Cai W, Pan Y, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Jia R. Regulatory Role of Host MicroRNAs in Flaviviruses Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869441. [PMID: 35479613 PMCID: PMC9036177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that affect mRNA abundance or translation efficiency by binding to the 3′UTR of the mRNA of the target gene, thereby participating in multiple biological processes, including viral infection. Flavivirus genus consists of small, positive-stranded, single-stranded RNA viruses transmitted by arthropods, especially mosquitoes and ticks. The genus contains several globally significant human/animal pathogens, such as Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Tembusu virus. After flavivirus invades, the expression of host miRNA changes, exerting the immune escape mechanism to create an environment conducive to its survival, and the altered miRNA in turn affects the life cycle of the virus. Accumulated evidence suggests that host miRNAs influence flavivirus replication and host–virus interactions through direct binding of viral genomes or through virus-mediated host transcriptome changes. Furthermore, miRNA can also interweave with other non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNA and circular RNA, to form an interaction network to regulate viral replication. A variety of non-coding RNAs produced by the virus itself exert similar function by interacting with cellular RNA and viral RNA. Understanding the interaction sites between non-coding RNA, especially miRNA, and virus/host genes will help us to find targets for antiviral drugs and viral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Cai
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Anchun Cheng,
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Renyong Jia,
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Charrière K, Ghzaiel I, Lizard G, Vejux A. Involvement of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Beneficial Effects of Docosahexahenoic Acid (DHA) Supplied by Food or Combined with Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910639. [PMID: 34638979 PMCID: PMC8508587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a major public health issue and require better therapeutic management. The treatments developed mainly target neuronal activity. However, an inflammatory component must be considered, and microglia may constitute an important therapeutic target. Given the difficulty in developing molecules that can cross the blood–brain barrier, the use of food-derived molecules may be an interesting therapeutic avenue. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (22:6 omega-3), has an inhibitory action on cell death and oxidative stress induced in the microglia. It also acts on the inflammatory activity of microglia. These data obtained in vitro or on animal models are corroborated by clinical trials showing a protective effect of DHA. Whereas DHA crosses the blood–brain barrier, nutritional intake lacks specificity at both the tissue and cellular level. Nanomedicine offers new tools which favor the delivery of DHA at the cerebral level, especially in microglial cells. Because of the biological activities of DHA and the associated nanotargeting techniques, DHA represents a therapeutic molecule of interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Charrière
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, 25030 Besançon, France;
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-8039-3701; Fax: +33-3-8039-6250
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