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Li B, Liu F, Ye J, Cai X, Qian R, Zhang K, Zheng Y, Wu S, Han Y. Regulation of Macrophage Polarization Through Periodic Photo-Thermal Treatment to Facilitate Osteogenesis. Small 2022; 18:e2202691. [PMID: 35986434 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The richened reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derived excessive inflammation at bone injured sites hinder osteogenesis of endosseous Ti-based implants. Herein, anti-oxidized polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on hydrothermal growth formed hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods on Ti to form a core-shell structural nanorod-like array with HA as a core and PDA as an amorphous shell (PDA@HA), showing not only ROS scavenging ability but also near-infrared (NIR) light derived photo-thermal effects. PDA@HA suppresses inflammation based on its ROS scavenging ability to a certain extent, while periodic photo-thermal treatment (PTT) at a mild temperature (41 ± 1 °C) further accelerates the transition of the macrophages (MΦs) adhered to PDA@HA from the pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype to the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the activation of the PI3K-Akt1 signaling pathway is responsible for the periodic PTT induced acceleration of the M1-to-M2 transition of MΦs. Acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with paracrine cytokines of M2 macrophages, PDA@HA with mild PTT greatly promote the osteogenetic functions of MSCs and thus osteogenesis. This work paves a way of employing mildly periodic PTT to induce a favorable immunomodulatory microenvironment for osteogenesis and provides insights into its underlying immunomodulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xinmei Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Runliu Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kaiwang Zhang
- N0.16 Institute of No.9 Academe of China Aerospace Technology Corporation, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710100, China
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Bloise N, Waldorff EI, Montagna G, Bruni G, Fassina L, Fang S, Zhang N, Jiang J, Ryaby JT, Visai L. Early Osteogenic Marker Expression in hMSCs Cultured onto Acid Etching-Derived Micro- and Nanotopography 3D-Printed Titanium Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7070. [PMID: 35806083 PMCID: PMC9266831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) titanium composite (PTC) is a novel interbody fusion device that combines a PEEK core with titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) endplates. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological reactivity of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to micro- and nanotopographies produced by an acid-etching process on the surface of 3D-printed PTC endplates. Optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the surface roughness and identify the nano-features of etched or unetched PTC endplates, respectively. The viability, morphology and the expression of specific osteogenic markers were examined after 7 days of culture in the seeded cells. Haralick texture analysis was carried out on the unseeded endplates to correlate surface texture features to the biological data. The acid-etching process modified the surface roughness of the 3D-printed PTC endplates, creating micro- and nano-scale structures that significantly contributed to sustaining the viability of hBM-MSCs and triggering the expression of early osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-ECM protein production. Finally, the topography of 3D-printed PTC endplates influenced Haralick’s features, which in turn correlated with the expression of two osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Overall, these data demonstrate that the acid-etching process of PTC endplates created a favourable environment for osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs and may potentially have clinical benefit.
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Liu Q, Lu Y, Xiao Y, Yuan L, Hu D, Hao Y, Han R, Peng J, Qian Z. Effects of Docetaxel Injection and Docetaxel Micelles on the Intestinal Barrier and Intestinal Microbiota. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102952. [PMID: 34713626 PMCID: PMC8693036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that chemotherapeutics affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier and alter the intestinal microbiota, thus limiting the therapeutic outcomes of cancer chemotherapy. Docetaxel (DTX) is used for breast cancer treatment and has gastrointestinal side effects, but the influence of DTX formulations on the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota remains unknown. Therefore, in this work, the influence of DTX injection (free DTX, commercial formulation) and DTX/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactide) (mPEG-PDLLA) (DTX micelles, nanoformulation) on the integrity of the intestinal barrier and the intestinal microbiota is investigated. It is found that the free DTX causes significantly greater intestinal barrier damage than the DTX micelles. The diversity of the intestinal microbiota, and the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcus gnavus in the DTX micelle-treated group is significantly higher than that in the free DTX-treated group. Moreover, the tumor growth rate is elevated in antibiotic mixture-pretreated mice, demonstrating that the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota may be associated with tumor progression. This work demonstrates that different formulations of chemotherapeutics have different effects on the integrity of the intestinal barrier and the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Liping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Danrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Ying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Ruxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
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4
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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has developed rapidly and demonstrates great potential in biomedical applications. Although 3D printing techniques have good control over the macrostructure of metallic implants, the surface properties have superior control over the tissue response. By focusing on the types of surface treatments, the osseointegration activity of the bone-implant interface is enhanced. Therefore, this review paper aims to discuss the surface functionalities of metallic implants regarding their physical structure, chemical composition, and biological reaction through surface treatment and bioactive coating. The perspective on the current challenges and future directions for development of surface treatment on 3D-printed implants is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
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Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Parra M, Torroni A, Nayak VV, Tovar N, Castellano A, Badalov RM, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Witek L. Effect of supplemental acid-etching on the early stages of osseointegration: A preclinical model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104682. [PMID: 34311324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of two surface modifications on early osseointegration parameters of conical implants in a translational pre-clinical model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conical implants with progressive trapezoidal threads and healing chambers were evaluated consisting of two different surface conditions: 1) Implacil surface (IMP Sur), and 2) Implacil surface + Supplemental Acid-etching (IMP Sur + AE). Surface characterization comprised of the evaluation of roughness parameters (Sa, Sq and Sdr), surface energy and contact angle. Subsequently, implants were installed in the ilium crest of nine female sheep (weighing ~65 kg). Torque out, histological and histomorphometric analyses were conducted after 3 and 6 weeks in-vivo. The percentage of bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads (%BAFO) were quantified, and the results were analyzed using a general linear mixed model analysis as function of surface treatment and time in-vivo. RESULTS Supplemental acid etching significantly increased Sa and Sq roughness parameters without compromising the surface energy or contact angle, and no significant differences with respect to Sdr. Torque-out testing yielded significantly higher values for IMP Sur + AE in comparison to the IMP Sur at 3- (62.78 ± 15 and 33.49 ± 15 N.cm, respectively) and 6-weeks (60.74 ± 15 and 39.80 ± 15 N.cm, respectively). Histological analyses depicted similar osseointegration features for both surfaces, where an intramembranous-type healing pattern was observed. At histomorphometric analyses, IMP Sur + AE implants yielded higher values of BIC in comparison to IMP Sur at 3- (40.48 ± 38 and 27.98 ± 38%, respectively) and 6-weeks (45.86 ± 38 and 34.46 ± 38%, respectively). Both groups exhibited a significant increase in %BAFO from 3 (~35%) to 6 weeks (~44%), with no significant differences between surface treatments. CONCLUSION Supplemental acid-etching and its interplay with implant thread design, positively influenced the BIC and torque-out resistance at early stages of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo Parra
- PhD Program in Morphological Sciences, Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Castellano
- Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Badalov
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Zhu M, Fang J, Li Y, Zhong C, Feng S, Ge X, Ye H, Wang X, Zhu W, Lu X, Ren F. The Synergy of Topographical Micropatterning and Ta|TaCu Bilayered Thin Film on Titanium Implants Enables Dual-Functions of Enhanced Osteogenesis and Anti-Infection. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002020. [PMID: 33709499 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor osteogenesis and implant-associated infection are the two leading causes of failure for dental and orthopedic implants. Surface design with enhanced osteogenesis often fails in antibacterial activity, or vice versa. Herein, a surface design strategy, which overcomes this trade-off via the synergistic effects of topographical micropatterning and a bilayered nanostructured metallic thin film is presented. A specific microgrooved pattern is fabricated on the titanium surface, followed by sequential deposition of a nanostructured copper (Cu)-containing tantalum (Ta) (TaCu) layer and a pure Ta cap layer. The microgrooved patterns coupled with the nanorough Ta cap layer shows strong contact guidance to preosteoblasts and significantly enhances the osteogenic differentiation in vitro, while the controlled local sustained release of Cu ions is responsible for high antibacterial activity. Importantly, rat calvarial defect models in vivo further confirm that the synergy of microgrooved patterns and the Ta|TaCu bilayered thin film on titanium surface could effectively promote bone regeneration. The present effective and versatile surface design strategy provides significant insight into intelligent surface engineering that can control biological response at the site of healing in dental and orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Ju Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Yulei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuanxin Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shihui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Haixia Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu Sichuan 610000 China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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7
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Khosravi N, DaCosta RS, Davies JE. New insights into spatio-temporal dynamics of mesenchymal progenitor cell ingress during peri-implant wound healing: Provided by intravital imaging. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120837. [PMID: 33930737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface topography drives the success of orthopedic and dental implants placed in bone, by directing the biology occurring at the tissue-implant interface. Over the last few decades, striking advancements have been made in the development of novel implant surfaces that enhance bone anchorage to their surfaces through contact osteogenesis: the combination of the two phenomena of recruitment and migration of mesenchymal progenitor cells to the implant surface, and their differentiation into bone-forming cells. While the latter is generally understood, the mechanisms and dynamics underlying the migration and recruitment of such progenitor cells into the wound site have garnered little attention. To address this deficit, we surgically inserted metallic implants with two different surface topographies into the skulls of mice, and then employed real-time spatiotemporal microscopic monitoring of the peri-implant tissue healing to track the ingress of cells. Our results show that nano-topographically complex, in comparison to relatively smooth, implant surfaces profoundly affect recruitment of both endothelial cells, which are essential for angiogenesis, and the mesenchymal progenitor cells that give rise to the reparative tissue stroma. The latter appear concomitantly in the wound site with endothelial cells, from the vascularized areas of the periosteum, and demonstrate a proliferative "bloom" that diminishes with time, although some of these cells differentiate into important stromal cells, pericytes and osteocytes, of the reparative wound. In separate experiments we show, using trajectory plots, that the directionality of migration for both endothelial and perivascular cells can be explained by implant surface dependent release of local cytokine gradients from platelets that would become activated on the implant surfaces during initial blood contact. These findings provide new biological insights into the earliest stages of wound healing, and have broad implications in the application of putative nano-topographically complex biomaterials in many tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Khosravi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Micheletti C, Suriano R, Grandfield K, Turri S. Drug release from polymer-coated TiO2 nanotubes on additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V bone implants: a feasibility study. Nano Ex 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abe278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insufficient osseointegration, inflammatory response and bacterial infection are responsible for the majority of bone implant failures. Drug-releasing implants subjected to adequate surface modification can concurrently address these challenges to improve the success of implant surgeries. This work investigates the use of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) with a dual-scale surface topography as a platform for local drug delivery. Dual-scale topography was obtained combining the inherent microscale roughness of the Ti64 samples manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) with the nanoscale roughness of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) obtained by subsequent electrochemical anodization at 60 V for 30 min. TNTs were loaded with a solution of penicillin-streptomycin, a common antibiotic, and drug release was tested in vitro. Three biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, i.e. chitosan, poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), were deposited by spin coating, while preserving the microscale topography of the substrate underneath. The presence of polymer coatings overall modified the drug release pattern, as revealed by fitting of the experimental data with a power-law model. A slight extension in the overall duration of drug release (about 17% for a single layer and 33% for two layers of PCL and PHB) and reduced burst release was observed for all polymer-coated samples compared to uncoated, especially when two layers of coatings were applied.
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9
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Huang L, Cai B, Huang Y, Wang J, Zhu C, Shi K, Song Y, Feng G, Liu L, Zhang L. Comparative Study on 3D Printed Ti6Al4V Scaffolds with Surface Modifications Using Hydrothermal Treatment and Microarc Oxidation to Enhance Osteogenic Activity. ACS Omega 2021; 6:1465-1476. [PMID: 33490806 PMCID: PMC7818615 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Titanium (Ti) and
its alloys have been widely used in clinics as
preferred materials for bone tissue repair and replacement. However,
the lack of biological activity of Ti limits its clinical applications.
Surface modification of Ti with bioactive elements has always been
a research hotspot. In this study, to promote the osseointegration
of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) implants, calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), and phosphorus
(P) codoped multifunctional micro–nanohybrid coatings were
prepared on a three-dimensional (3D) printed porous Ti64 surface by
microarc oxidation (MAO) and a hydrothermal method (HT). The surface
morphologies, chemical compositions, and surface/cell interactions
of the obtained coatings were studied. In vitro experiments
indicated that all hybrid coating-modified Ti64 implants could enhance
protein adsorption and MC3T3 osteoblasts’ activity, adhesion,
and differentiation ability. In vivo experiments
showed that the hybrid coating promoted early osseointegration. By
comparison, microarc oxidation-treated Ti64 (M-Ti) has the best biological
activity and the strongest ability of osseointegration. It provides
important theoretical significance and potential application prospects
for improving the biological activity of Ti implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizhen Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bianyun Cai
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471026, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ganjun Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institue, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Yang H, Yu M, Wang R, Li B, Zhao X, Hao Y, Guo Z, Han Y. Hydrothermally grown TiO 2-nanorods on surface mechanical attrition treated Ti: Improved corrosion fatigue and osteogenesis. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:400-414. [PMID: 32920175 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current bioactive modifications of Ti-based materials for promoting osteogenesis often decrease corrosion fatigue strength (σcf) of the resultant implants, thereby shortening their service lifespan. To solve this issue and accelerate the osteogenesis process, in the present study, a TiO2 nanorods (TNR)-arrayed coating was hydrothermally grown on optimal surface mechanical attrition treated (SMATed) titanium (S-Ti). The microstructure, bond integrity, residual stress distribution, and corrosion fatigue of TNR-coated S-Ti (TNR/S-Ti) and the response of macrophages and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to TNR/S-Ti were investigated and compared with those of mechanically polished Ti (P-Ti), S-Ti, and TNR-coated P-Ti (TNR/P-Ti). S-Ti showed a nanograined layer and an underlying grain-deformed region with residual compressive stress, which was sustained even when it was hydrothermally coated with TNR. TNR on S-Ti showed nanotopography, composition, and bond strength almost identical to those of P-Ti. While TNR/P-Ti showed a considerable decrease in σcf compared to P-Ti, TNR/S-Ti exhibited an improved σcf which was even higher than that of P-Ti. Biologically, TNR/S-Ti enhanced adhesion, differentiation, and mineralization of BMSCs, and it also promoted adhesion and M1-to-M2 transition of macrophages as compared to S-Ti and P-Ti. With rapid phenotype switch of macrophages, the level of proinflammatory cytokines decreased, while anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated. In co-culture conditions, the migration, differentiation, and mineralization of BMSCs were enhanced by increased level of secretion factors of macrophages on TNR/S-Ti. The modified structure accelerated bone apposition in rabbit femur and is expected to induce a favorable immune microenvironment to facilitate osseointegration earlier; it can also simultaneously improve corrosion fatigue resistance of Ti-based implants and thereby enhance their service life.
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11
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Prati C, Zamparini F, Botticelli D, Ferri M, Yonezawa D, Piattelli A, Gandolfi MG. The Use of ESEM-EDX as an Innovative Tool to Analyze the Mineral Structure of Peri-Implant Human Bone. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13071671. [PMID: 32260166 PMCID: PMC7178284 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mineralization and chemical composition of the bone–implant interface and peri-implant tissues on human histological samples using an environmental scanning electron microscope as well as energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (ESEM-EDX) as an innovative method. Eight unloaded implants with marginal bone tissue were retrieved after four months from eight patients and were histologically processed and analyzed. Histological samples were observed under optical microscopy (OM) to identify the microarchitecture of the sample and bone morphology. Then, all samples were observed under ESEM-EDX from the coronal to the most apical portion of the implant at 500x magnification. A region of interest with bone tissue of size 750 × 500 microns was selected to correspond to the first coronal and the last apical thread (ROI). EDX microanalysis was used to assess the elemental composition of the bone tissue along the thread interface and the ROI. Atomic percentages of Ca, P, N, and Ti, and the Ca/N, P/N and Ca/P ratios were measured in the ROI. Four major bone mineralization areas were identified based on the different chemical composition and ratios of the ROI. Area 1: A well-defined area with low Ca/N, P/N, and Ca/P was identified as low-density bone. Area 2: A defined area with higher Ca/N, P/N, and Ca/P, identified as new bone tissue, or bone remodeling areas. Area 3: A well-defined area with high Ca/N, /P/N, and Ca/P ratios, identified as bone tissue or bone chips. Area 4: An area with high Ca/N, P/N, and Ca/P ratios, which was identified as mature old cortical bone. Bone Area 2 was the most represented area along the bone–implant interface, while Bone Area 4 was identified only at sites approximately 1.5 mm from the interface. All areas were identified around implant biopsies, creating a mosaic-shaped distribution with well-defined borders. ESEM-EDX in combination with OM allowed to perform a microchemical analysis and offered new important information on the organic and inorganic content of the bone tissue around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Mauro Ferri
- Corporación Universitária Rafael Núñez, Cartagena de Indias 130014, Colombia;
| | - Daichi Yonezawa
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan;
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
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Micheletti C, Lee BEJ, Deering J, Binkley DM, Coulson S, Hussanain A, Zurob H, Grandfield K. Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr bone implants with dual-scale topography: a promising alternative to Ti-6Al-4V. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:235101. [PMID: 32097900 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab79ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to the compositional, topographical and morphological aspects of bone implants can lead to improved osseointegration, thus increasing the success of bone implant procedures. This study investigates the creation of dual-scale topography on Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr (Ti5553), an alloy not presently used in the biomedical field, and compares it to Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64), the most used Ti alloy for bone implants. Dual-scale surface topography was obtained by combining selective laser melting (SLM) and electrochemical anodization, which resulted in micro- and nanoscale surface features, respectively. Ti5553 and Ti64 samples were manufactured by SLM and showed comparable surface topography. Subsequent electrochemical anodization succeeded in forming titania nanotubes (TNTs) on both alloys, with larger nanotubes obtained with Ti5553 at all investigated anodization voltages. At an anodization voltage of 40 V, a minimum time of 20 min was necessary to have nanotube formation on the surface of either alloy, while only nanopores were evident for shorter times. Seeded Saos-2 cells showed ideal interactions with surface-modified structures, with filopodia extending to both surface microparticles characteristic of SLM and to the interior of TNTs. Attractiveness of Ti5553 lies in its lower elastic modulus (E = 72 GPa) compared to Ti64, which should mitigate stress-shielding phenomena in vivo. This, combined with the analogous results obtained in terms of dual-scale surface topography and cell-substrate interaction, could indicate Ti5553 as a promising alternative to the widely-employed Ti64 for bone implant device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Micheletti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Liddell RS, Liu Z, Mendes VC, Davies JE. Relative contributions of implant hydrophilicity and nanotopography to implant anchorage in bone at Early Time Points. Clin Oral Implants Res 2019; 31:49-63. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Liddell
- Dental Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Zhen‐Mei Liu
- Dental Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Vanessa C. Mendes
- Dental Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - John E. Davies
- Dental Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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14
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Lu RJ, Wang X, He HX, E LL, Li Y, Zhang GL, Li CJ, Ning CY, Liu HC. Tantalum-incorporated hydroxyapatite coating on titanium implants: its mechanical and in vitro osteogenic properties. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019; 30:111. [PMID: 31583537 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fabrication of bioactive coatings on metallic implants to enhance osseointegration has become a topic of general interest in orthopedics and dentistry. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating has been shown to induce bone formation and promote bone-implant integration. Unfortunately, poor mechanical performance has hindered this from becoming a favorable coating material. The majority of present studies have focused in incorporating different elements into HA coatings to improve mechanical properties. In recent years, tantalum (Ta) has received increasing attention due to its excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. The aim of on the present study was to investigate the fabrication and biological performance of Ta-incorporated HA coatings. METHODS Ta-incorporated HA coatings were fabricated using the plasma spray technique on a titanium substrate, and the surface characteristics and mechanical properties were examined. In addition, the effects of Ta-incorporated HA coatings on the biological behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were investigated. RESULTS Ta-incorporated HA coatings with microporous structure had higher roughness and wettability. In addition, the bonding strength of Ta/HA coatings with the substrate was substantially superior to HA coatings. Furthermore, Ta-incorporated HA coatings not only facilitated initial cell adhesion and faster proliferation, but also promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the incorporation of Ta could improve mechanical performance and increase the osteogenic activity of HA coatings. The Ta-incorporated HA coating fabricated by plasma spraying is expected to be a promising bio-coating material for metallic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jian Lu
- Department of Stomatology, the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100071, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui-Xia He
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling E
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Lan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Jie Li
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Chen Liu
- Department of Stomatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China.
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15
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Cirera A, Manzanares MC, Sevilla P, Ortiz-Hernandez M, Galindo-Moreno P, Gil J. Biofunctionalization with a TGFβ-1 Inhibitor Peptide in the Osseointegration of Synthetic Bone Grafts: An In Vivo Study in Beagle Dogs. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E3168. [PMID: 31569702 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the osseointegration of two presentations of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biomaterial—one untreated and another submitted to biofunctionalization with a TGF-β1 inhibitor peptide, P144, on dental alveolus. Materials and Methods: A synthetic bone graft was used, namely, (i) Maxresorb® (Botiss Klockner) (n = 12), and (ii) Maxresorb® (Botiss Klockner) biofunctionalized with P144 peptide (n = 12). Both bone grafts were implanted in the two hemimandibles of six beagle dogs in the same surgical time, immediately after tooth extraction. Two dogs were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were submitted to histomorphometrical and histological analyses. For each sample, we quantified the new bone growth and the new bone formed around the biomaterial’s granules. After optical microscopic histological evaluation, selected samples were studied using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BS-SEM). Results: The biofunctionalization of the biomaterial’s granules maintains a stable membranous bone formation throughout the experiment timeline, benefitting from the constant presence of vascular structures in the alveolar space, in a more active manner that in the control samples. Better results in the experimental groups were proven both by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Conclusions: Synthetic bone graft biofunctionalization results in slightly better quantitative parameters of the implant’s osseointegration. The qualitative histological and ultramicroscopic analysis shows that biofunctionalization may shorten the healing period of dental biomaterials.
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Hu C, Ashok D, Nisbet DR, Gautam V. Bioinspired surface modification of orthopedic implants for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 219:119366. [PMID: 31374482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical implants have been widely used in various orthopedic treatments, including total hip arthroplasty, joint arthrodesis, fracture fixation, non-union, dental repair, etc. The modern research and development of orthopedic implants have gradually shifted from traditional mechanical support to a bioactive graft in order to endow them with better osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Inspired by structural and mechanical properties of natural bone, this review provides a panorama of current biological surface modifications for facilitating the interaction between medical implants and bone tissue and gives a future outlook for fabricating the next-generation multifunctional and smart implants by systematically biomimicking the physiological processes involved in formation and functioning of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Deepu Ashok
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Shah FA, Ruscsák K, Palmquist A. 50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone-a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health, disease, and taphonomy. Bone Res 2019; 7:15. [PMID: 31123620 PMCID: PMC6531483 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is an architecturally complex system that constantly undergoes structural and functional optimisation through renewal and repair. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is among the most frequently used instruments for examining bone. It offers the key advantage of very high spatial resolution coupled with a large depth of field and wide field of view. Interactions between incident electrons and atoms on the sample surface generate backscattered electrons, secondary electrons, and various other signals including X-rays that relay compositional and topographical information. Through selective removal or preservation of specific tissue components (organic, inorganic, cellular, vascular), their individual contribution(s) to the overall functional competence can be elucidated. With few restrictions on sample geometry and a variety of applicable sample-processing routes, a given sample may be conveniently adapted for multiple analytical methods. While a conventional SEM operates at high vacuum conditions that demand clean, dry, and electrically conductive samples, non-conductive materials (e.g., bone) can be imaged without significant modification from the natural state using an environmental scanning electron microscope. This review highlights important insights gained into bone microstructure and pathophysiology, bone response to implanted biomaterials, elemental analysis, SEM in paleoarchaeology, 3D imaging using focused ion beam techniques, correlative microscopy and in situ experiments. The capacity to image seamlessly across multiple length scales within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, the SEM lends itself to many unique and diverse applications, which attest to the versatility and user-friendly nature of this instrument for studying bone. Significant technological developments are anticipated for analysing bone using the SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krisztina Ruscsák
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Li B, Gao P, Zhang H, Guo Z, Zheng Y, Han Y. Osteoimmunomodulation, osseointegration, and in vivo mechanical integrity of pure Mg coated with HA nanorod/pore-sealed MgO bilayer. Biomater Sci 2019; 6:3202-3218. [PMID: 30328849 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00901e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast degradation of Mg-based implants results in the loss of mechanical integrity and poor osseointegration. Herein, a bilayer-structured coating (termed as HAT), comprising an outer layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods and an inner layer of pores-sealed MgO with HA/Mg(OH)2, was formed on Mg using plasma electrolytic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment. Osteoimmunomodulation, osseointegration, mechanical integrity, and bone-implant interfacial structure evolution of the HAT-coated Mg were investigated by implantation in rabbit femora, together with Mg coated with plasma electrolytic oxidized porous MgO (termed as PEO0) and bare Mg. As compared to PEO0-coated and bare Mg, HAT-coated Mg greatly downregulated pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β, upregulated anti-inflammatory IL-10, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis, modulating the surrounding microenvironment toward favoring the recruitment of osteogenetic cells. Moreover, HAT-coated Mg accelerated bone sialoprotein and osteopontin secretion of osteogenetic cells and their mineralization to form a cement line matrix. It also promoted the differentiation of osteogenetic cells, secretion of collagen overlying on the cement line matrix, inducing an earlier and more pronounced bone matrix formation. The cement line matrix wrapped the HA nanorods and filled the interrod spaces of the HAT coating, forming strong interdigitation at the bone-coating interface, and therefore, yielding enhanced osseointegration by means of contact osteogenesis. Due to the considerably reduced corrosion of Mg by the pores-sealed bilayer structure of HAT coating, HAT-coated Mg maintained the mechanical integrity for a longer duration than PEO0-coated and bare Mg. It is clarified that the degradation of MgO and HA, rather than delamination, was the vanishing mode of PEO0 and HAT coatings during long-term implantation, avoiding osteolysis induced by the delamination-generated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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19
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Ay B, Mendes VC, Zhang L, Davies JE. A "best fit" approach for synergistic surface parameters to guide the design of candidate implant surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2165-2177. [PMID: 30677220 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human bone resorption surfaces can provide a template for endosseous implant surface design. We characterized the topography of such sites using four synergistic parameters (fractal dimension, lacunarity, porosity, and surface roughness) and compared the generated values with those obtained from two groups of candidate titanium implant surfaces. For the first group (n = 5/group): grit-blasted acid etched (BAE), BAE with either discrete calcium phosphate crystal deposition or nanotube formation, machined titanium with nanotubes, or a nanofiber surface; each measured synergistic parameter was statistically compared with that of the resorbed bone surface and scored for inclusion in a "best fit" analysis. The analysis informed changes that could be made to a candidate implant surface to render it a closer "best fit" to that of the resorbed bone surface. In a second group of either titanium or titanium alloy implants their micro-topography, created by dual acid etching, was the same for each material substrate; but their nanotopographic complexity was changed by varying the degree of calcium phosphate crystalline deposits. These implants were also used in vivo where bone anchorage was tested using a tensile disruption test; and the "best fit" of synergistic parameters coincided with the best biological outcome for both titanium and titanium alloy implants. In conclusion, the four chosen synergistic parameters can be used to guide the sub-micron surface design of candidate implants, and our "best fit" approach is capable of identifying the surfaces with the best biological outcomes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2165-2177, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birol Ay
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa C Mendes
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John E Davies
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shah FA, Thomsen P, Palmquist A. Osseointegration and current interpretations of the bone-implant interface. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:1-15. [PMID: 30445157 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex physical and chemical interactions take place in the interface between the implant surface and bone. Various descriptions of the ultrastructural arrangement to various implant design features, ranging from solid and macroporous geometries to surface modifications on the micron-, submicron-, and nano- levels, have been put forward. Here, the current knowledge regarding structural organisation of the bone-implant interface is reviewed with a focus on solid devices, mainly metal (or alloy) intended for permanent anchorage in bone. Certain biomaterials that undergo surface and bulk degradation are also considered. The bone-implant interface is a heterogeneous zone consisting of mineralised, partially mineralised, and unmineralised areas. Within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, mineralised collagen fibrils form the structural basis of the bone-implant interface, in addition to accumulation of non-collagenous macromolecules such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. In the published literature, as many as eight distinct arrangements of the bone-implant interface ultrastructure have been described. The interpretation is influenced by the in vivo model and species-specific characteristics, healing time point(s), physico-chemical properties of the implant surface, implant geometry, sample preparation route(s) and associated artefacts, analytical technique(s) and their limitations, and non-compromised vs compromised local tissue conditions. The understanding of the ultrastructure of the interface under experimental conditions is rapidly evolving due to the introduction of novel techniques for sample preparation and analysis. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the interface zone in humans in relation to clinical implant performance is still hampered by the shortcomings of clinical methods for resolving the finer details of the bone-implant interface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Being a hierarchical material by design, the overall strength of bone is governed by composition and structure. Understanding the structure of the bone-implant interface is essential in the development of novel bone repair materials and strategies, and their long-term success. Here, the current knowledge regarding the eventual structural organisation of the bone-implant interface is reviewed, with a focus on solid devices intended for permanent anchorage in bone, and certain biomaterials that undergo surface and bulk degradation. The bone-implant interface is a heterogeneous zone consisting of mineralised, partially mineralised, and unmineralised areas. Within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, mineralised collagen fibrils form the structural basis of the bone-implant interface, in addition to accumulation of non-collagenous macromolecules such as osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin.
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Giner L, Mercadé M, Torrent S, Punset M, Pérez RA, Delgado LM, Gil FJ. Double acid etching treatment of dental implants for enhanced biological properties. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2018; 16:83-9. [PMID: 28885666 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The topographical features on the surface of dental implants have been considered as a critical parameter for enhancing the osseointegration of implants. In this work, we proposed a surface obtained by a combination of shot blasting and double acid etching. The double acid etching was hypothesized to increase the submicron topography and hence further stimulate the biological properties of the titanium implant. METHODS The topographical features (surface roughness and real surface area), wettability and surface chemical composition were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that the proposed method produced a dual roughness, mainly composed of randomly distributed peaks and valleys with a superimposed nanoroughness, and hence with an increased specific surface area. Despite the fact that the proposed method does not introduce significant chemical changes, this treatment combination slightly increased the amount of titanium available on the surface, reducing potential surface contaminants. Furthermore, the surface showed increased contact angle values demonstrating an enhanced hydrophobicity on the surface. The biological behavior of the implants was then assessed by culturing osteoblast-like cells on the surface, showing enhanced osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on the novel surface. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, the described surface with dual roughness obtained by double acid etching may be a novel route to obtain key features on the surface to enhance the osseointegration of the implant. Our approach is a simple method to obtain a dual roughness that mimics the bone structure modified by osteoclasts and increases surface area, which enhances osseointegration of dental implants.
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22
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Khosravi N, Maeda A, DaCosta RS, Davies JE. Nanosurfaces modulate the mechanism of peri-implant endosseous healing by regulating neovascular morphogenesis. Commun Biol 2018; 1:72. [PMID: 30271953 PMCID: PMC6123776 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosurfaces have improved clinical osseointegration by increasing bone/implant contact. Neovascularization is considered an essential prerequisite to osteogenesis, but no previous reports to our knowledge have examined the effect of surface topography on the spatio-temporal pattern of neovascularization during peri-implant healing. We have developed a cranial window model to study peri-implant healing intravitally over clinically relevant time scales as a function of implant topography. Quantitative intravital confocal imaging reveals that changing the topography (but not chemical composition) of an implant profoundly affects the pattern of peri-implant neovascularization. New vessels develop proximal to the implant and the vascular network matures sooner in the presence of an implant nanosurface. Accelerated angiogenesis can lead to earlier osseointegration through the delivery of osteogenic precursors to, and direct formation of bone on, the implant surface. This study highlights a critical aspect of peri-implant healing, but also informs the biological rationale for the surface design of putative endosseous implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Khosravi
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Azusa Maeda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L5, Canada.
| | - John E Davies
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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Abstract
Osseointegrated implants are frequently used in reconstructive surgery, both in the dental and orthopedic field, restoring physical function and improving the quality of life for the patients. The bone anchorage is typically evaluated at micrometer resolution, while bone tissue is a dynamic composite material composed of nanoscale collagen fibrils and apatite crystals, with defined hierarchical levels at different length scales. In order to understand the bone formation and the ultrastructure of the interfacial tissue, analytical strategies needs to be implemented enabling multiscale and multimodal analyses of the intact interface. This paper describes a sample preparation route for successive analyses allowing assessment of the different hierarchical levels of interest, going from macro to nano scale and could be implemented on single samples. Examples of resulting analyses of different techniques on one type of implant surface is given, with emphasis on correlating the length scale between the different techniques. The bone-implant interface shows an intimate contact between mineralized collagen bundles and the outermost surface of the oxide layer, while bone mineral is found in the nanoscale surface features creating a functionally graded interface. Osteocytes exhibit a direct contact with the implant surface via canaliculi that house their dendritic processes. Blood vessels are frequently found in close proximity to the implant surface either within the mineralized bone matrix or at regions of remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R.China
| | - Zhiguang Huan
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
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25
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Zhang J, Yang S, Yang X, Xi Z, Zhao L, Cen L, Lu E, Yang Y. Novel Fabricating Process for Porous Polyglycolic Acid Scaffolds by Melt-Foaming Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:694-706. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Zhenhao Xi
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
- National
Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Powder, Shanghai Huaming Hi-Tech (Group) Co., LTD., No. 1305, Huajing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
- National
Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Powder, Shanghai Huaming Hi-Tech (Group) Co., LTD., No. 1305, Huajing Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Cen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130, Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Eryi Lu
- Department
of Stomatology of Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institution
of Science and Technology in Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
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26
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Niu H, Lin D, Tang W, Ma Y, Duan B, Yuan Y, Liu C. Surface Topography Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of MSCs via Crosstalk between FAK/MAPK and ILK/β-Catenin Pathways in a Hierarchically Porous Environment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3161-3175. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Niu
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dan Lin
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Bing Duan
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education and
The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and ‡Engineering Research Center for
Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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27
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Coelho PG, Zavanelli RA, Salles MB, Yeniyol S, Tovar N, Jimbo R. Enhanced Bone Bonding to Nanotextured Implant Surfaces at a Short Healing Period: A Biomechanical Tensile Testing in the Rat Femur. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 25:322-7. [PMID: 27213527 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the bone bonding capabilities of 2 different surface treatments at an early healing period. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) custom-made rectangular plates (1.4 × 2.4 × 4 mm) were either dual acid etched (Ti6Al4V-DAE) or DAE/nanotextured blasted (Ti6Al4V-NTB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Implants were placed in the distal femurs of 10 Wistar rats and were allowed to heal for 9 days. After euthanasia, the bone immediately proximal and distal to the implant was removed to test the bone bonding force with a universal testing machine. Ultrastructure of the bone/implant interface was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Ti6Al4V-NTB samples exhibited significantly greater bond strength than Ti6Al4V-DAE samples. Morphologically, the Ti6Al4V-NTB surfaces presented intimate interaction with bone, whereas little interaction between the Ti6Al4V-DAE surface and bone was observed. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated a significant increase in bone bonding for the DAE/nanotextured blasted surface, which is suggested to be the outcome of the nanotexturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo G Coelho
- *Associate Professor, Biomaterials and Biomimetics and Director for Research, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, NY. †Professor, Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, Federal University of Goias School of Dentistry, Goiania, GO, Brazil. ‡Researcher, Biomaterials and Biomimetics and Director for Research, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, NY. §Professor, Department of Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ¶Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. ‖Researcher, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, NY. #Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Karazisis D, Petronis S, Agheli H, Emanuelsson L, Norlindh B, Johansson A, Rasmusson L, Thomsen P, Omar O. The influence of controlled surface nanotopography on the early biological events of osseointegration. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:559-71. [PMID: 28232253 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The early cell and tissue interactions with nanopatterned titanium implants are insufficiently described in vivo. A limitation has been to transfer a pre-determined, well-controlled nanotopography to 3D titanium implants, without affecting other surface parameters, including surface microtopography and chemistry. This in vivo study aimed to investigate the early cellular and molecular events at the bone interface with screw-shaped titanium implants superimposed with controlled nanotopography. Polished and machined titanium implants were firstly patterned with 75-nm semispherical protrusions. Polished and machined implants without nano-patterns were designated as controls. Thereafter, all nanopatterned and control implants were sputter-coated with a 30nm titanium layer to unify the surface chemistry. The implants were inserted in rat tibiae and samples were harvested after 12h, 1d and 3d. In one group, the implants were unscrewed and the implant-adherent cells were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In another group, implants with surrounding bone were harvested en bloc for histology and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that nanotopography downregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), at 1d, and triggered the expression of osteocalcin (OC) at 3d. This was in parallel with a relatively lower number of recruited CD68-positive macrophages in the tissue surrounding the nanopatterned implants. Moreover, a higher proportion of newly formed osteoid and woven bone was found at the nanopatterned implants at 3d. It is concluded that nanotopography, per se, attenuates the inflammatory process and enhances the osteogenic response during the early phase of osseointegration. This nanotopography-induced effect appeared to be independent of the underlying microscale topography. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a first line of evidence that pre-determined nanopatterns on clinically relevant, screw-shaped, titanium implants can be recognized by cells in the complex in vivo environment. Until now, most of the knowledge relating to cell interactions with nanopatterned surfaces has been acquired from in vitro studies involving mostly two-dimensional nanopatterned surfaces of varying chemical composition. We have managed to superimpose pre-determined nanoscale topography on polished and micro-rough, screw-shaped, implants, without changes in the microscale topography or chemistry. This was achieved by colloidal lithography in combination with a thin titanium film coating on top of both nanopatterned and control implants. The early events of osseointegration were evaluated at the bone interface to these implants. The results revealed that nanotopography, as such, elicits downregulatory effects on the early recruitment and activity of inflammatory cells while enhancing osteogenic activity and woven bone formation.
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29
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Dalmônico GML, Franczak PF, Levandowski Jr. N, Camargo NHA, Dallabrida AL, da Costa BD, Gil OG, Cambra-Moo O, Rodríguez MA, Canillas M. An in vivo study on bone formation behavior of microporous granular calcium phosphate. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1315-1325. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was developed based on in vivo investigation of microporous granular biomaterials based on calcium phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. M. L. Dalmônico
- Postgraduation Program in Materials Science and Engineering
- Santa Catarina State University (UDESC)
- Joinville
- Brazil
| | - P. F. Franczak
- Postgraduation Program in Materials Science and Engineering
- Santa Catarina State University (UDESC)
- Joinville
- Brazil
| | - N. Levandowski Jr.
- Postgraduation Program in Materials Science and Engineering
- Santa Catarina State University (UDESC)
- Joinville
- Brazil
| | - N. H. A. Camargo
- Postgraduation Program in Materials Science and Engineering
- Santa Catarina State University (UDESC)
- Joinville
- Brazil
| | - A. L. Dallabrida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
- Santa Catarina State University
- Lages
- Brazil
| | - B. D. da Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
- Santa Catarina State University
- Lages
- Brazil
| | - O. García Gil
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP)
- Departamento de Biología
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)
- 28049 Madrid
| | - O. Cambra-Moo
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP)
- Departamento de Biología
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)
- 28049 Madrid
| | | | - M. Canillas
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio
- CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
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Xiu P, Jia Z, Lv J, Yin C, Cheng Y, Zhang K, Song C, Leng H, Zheng Y, Cai H, Liu Z. Tailored Surface Treatment of 3D Printed Porous Ti6Al4V by Microarc Oxidation for Enhanced Osseointegration via Optimized Bone In-Growth Patterns and Interlocked Bone/Implant Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:17964-17975. [PMID: 27341499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
3D printed porous titanium (Ti) holds enormous potential for load-bearing orthopedic applications. Although the 3D printing technique has good control over the macro-sturctures of porous Ti, the surface properties that affect tissue response are beyond its control, adding the need for tailored surface treatment to improve its osseointegration capacity. Here, the one step microarc oxidation (MAO) process was applied to a 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V (Ti64) scaffold to endow the scaffold with a homogeneous layer of microporous TiO2 and significant amounts of amorphous calcium-phosphate. Following the treatment, the porous Ti64 scaffolds exhibited a drastically improved apatite forming ability, cyto-compatibility, and alkaline phosphatase activity. In vivo test in a rabbit model showed that the bone in-growth at the untreated scaffold was in a pattern of distance osteogenesis by which bone formed only at the periphery of the scaffold. In contrast, the bone in-growth at the MAO-treated scaffold exhibited a pattern of contact osteogenesis by which bone formed in situ on the entire surface of the scaffold. This pattern of bone in-growth significantly increased bone formation both in and around the scaffold possibly through enhancement of bone formation and disruption of bone remodeling. Moreover, the implant surface of the MAO-treated scaffold interlocked with the bone tissues through the fabricated microporous topographies to generate a stronger bone/implant interface. The increased osteoinetegration strength was further proven by a push out test. MAO exhibits a high efficiency in the enhancement of osteointegration of porous Ti64 via optimizing the patterns of bone in-growth and bone/implant interlocking. Therefore, post-treatment of 3D printed porous Ti64 with MAO technology might open up several possibilities for the development of bioactive customized implants in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Jia
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Ajami E, Bell S, Liddell RS, Davies JE. Early bone anchorage to micro- and nano-topographically complex implant surfaces in hyperglycemia. Acta Biomater 2016; 39:169-179. [PMID: 27181877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of implant surface design on early bone anchorage in the presence of hyperglycemia. 108 Wistar rats were separated into euglycemic (EG) controls and STZ-treated hyperglycemic (HG) groups, and received bilateral femoral custom rectangular implants of two surface topographies: grit blasted (GB) and grit-blast with a superimposed calcium phosphate nanotopography (GB-DCD). The peri-implant bone was subjected to a tensile disruption test 5, 7, and 9days post-operatively (n=28/time point); the force was measured; and the residual peri-implant bone was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Disruption forces at 5days were not significantly different from zero for the GB implants (p=0.24) in either metabolic group; but were for GB+DCD implants in both metabolic groups (p<0.001). Contact osteogenesis was greater on GB-DCD than the GB surface. The nano-and micro-surfaced implants showed significantly different disruption forces at all time points (e.g. >15N and <5N respectively at 9days). Such differences were not seen within the GB implants, as all values were very low (<5N). Even in hyperglycemia the GB-DCD surface outperformed the GB surfaces in both metabolic groups. Significantly, SEM of peri-implant bone showed compromised intra-fibrillar collagen mineralization in hyperglycemia, while inter-fibrillar and cement line mineralization remained unaffected. Enhanced bone anchorage to the implant surfaces was observed on the nanotopographically complex surface independent of metabolic group. The compromised intra-fibrillar mineralization observed provides a mechanism by which early bone mineralization is affected in hyperglycemia. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is generally accepted that the hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus compromises bone quality, although the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is therefore a contra-indication for bone implant placement. It is also known that nano-topographically complex implant surfaces accelerate early peri-implant healing. In this report we show that, in our experimental model, nano-topographically complex surfaces can mitigate the compromised bone healing seen in hyperglycemia. Importantly, we also provide a mechanistic explanation for compromised bone quality in hyperglycemia. We show that intra-fibrillar collagen mineralization is compromised in hyperglycemia, but that interfibrillar and cement line mineralization, remain unaffected.
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Freitas GP, Lopes HB, Martins-Neto EC, de Oliveira PT, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Effect of Surface Nanotopography on Bone Response to Titanium Implant. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2016; 42:240-7. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-14-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical success of implant therapy is directly related to titanium (Ti) surface properties and the quality of bone tissue. The treatment of Ti implants with H2SO4/H2O2 is a feasible, reproducible, and low-cost technique to create surface nanotopography (Ti-Nano). As this nanotopography induces osteoblast differentiation, we hypothesized that it may affect bone response to Ti. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the bone response to a machined Ti implant treated with H2SO4/H2O2 to generate Ti-Nano and to compare it with a commercially available microtopographic Ti implant (Ti-Porous). Implants were placed in rabbit tibias and evaluated after 2 and 6 weeks, and the bone tissue formed around them was assessed by microtomography to record bone volume, bone surface, specific bone surface, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation. Undecalcified histological sections were used to determine the percentages of bone-to-implant contact, bone area formed between threads, and bone area formed in the mirror area. At the end of 6 weeks, the removal torque was evaluated using a digital torque gauge. The results showed bone formation in close contact with both Ti-Nano and Ti-Porous implants without relevant morphological and morphometric differences, in addition to a similar removal torque irrespective of surface topography. In conclusion, our results have shown that a simple and low-cost method using H2SO4/H2O2 is highly efficient for creating nanotopography on Ti surfaces, which elicits a similar bone response compared with microtopography presented in a commercially available Ti implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gileade P. Freitas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena B. Lopes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evandro C. Martins-Neto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo T. de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Beloti
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L. Rosa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Karazisis D, Ballo AM, Petronis S, Agheli H, Emanuelsson L, Thomsen P, Omar O. The role of well-defined nanotopography of titanium implants on osseointegration: cellular and molecular events in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1367-82. [PMID: 27099496 PMCID: PMC4824366 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mechanisms governing the cellular interactions with well-defined nanotopography are not well described in vivo. This is partly due to the difficulty in isolating a particular effect of nanotopography from other surface properties. This study employed colloidal lithography for nanofabrication on titanium implants in combination with an in vivo sampling procedure and different analytical techniques. The aim was to elucidate the effect of well-defined nanotopography on the molecular, cellular, and structural events of osseointegration. Materials and methods Titanium implants were nanopatterned (Nano) with semispherical protrusions using colloidal lithography. Implants, with and without nanotopography, were implanted in rat tibia and retrieved after 3, 6, and 28 days. Retrieved implants were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, histology, immunohistochemistry, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results Surface characterization showed that the nanotopography was well defined in terms of shape (semispherical), size (79±6 nm), and distribution (31±2 particles/µm2). EDS showed similar levels of titanium, oxygen, and carbon for test and control implants, confirming similar chemistry. The molecular analysis of the retrieved implants revealed that the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and the osteoclastic marker, CatK, were reduced in cells adherent to the Nano implants. This was consistent with the observation of less CD163-positive macrophages in the tissue surrounding the Nano implant. Furthermore, periostin immunostaining was frequently detected around the Nano implant, indicating higher osteogenic activity. This was supported by the EDS analysis of the retrieved implants showing higher content of calcium and phosphate on the Nano implants. Conclusion The results show that Nano implants elicit less periimplant macrophage infiltration and downregulate the early expression of inflammatory (TNF-α) and osteoclastic (CatK) genes. Immunostaining and elemental analyses show higher osteogenic activity at the Nano implant. It is concluded that an implant with the present range of well-defined nanocues attenuates the inflammatory response while enhancing mineralization during osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Karazisis
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed M Ballo
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarunas Petronis
- BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Hossein Agheli
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Emanuelsson
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tang W, Lin D, Yu Y, Niu H, Guo H, Yuan Y, Liu C. Bioinspired trimodal macro/micro/nano-porous scaffolds loading rhBMP-2 for complete regeneration of critical size bone defect. Acta Biomater 2016; 32:309-323. [PMID: 26689464 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Critical size bone defects raise great demands for efficient bone substitutes. Mimicking the hierarchical porous architecture and specific biological cues of natural bone has been considered as an effective strategy to facilitate bone regeneration. Herein, a trimodal macro/micro/nano-porous scaffold loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) was developed. With mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) as matrix, a trimodal MBG scaffold (TMS) with enhanced compressive strength (4.28 MPa, porosity of 80%) was prepared by a "viscosity controlling" and "homogeneous particle reinforcing" multi-template process. A 7.5 nm, 3D cubic (Im3m) mesoporous structure was tailored for a "size-matched entrapment" of rhBMP-2 to achieve sustained release and preserved bioactivity. RhBMP-2-loaded TMS (TMS/rhBMP-2) induced excellent cell attachment, ingrowth and osteogenesis in vitro. Further in vivo ectopic bone formation and orthotopic rabbit radius critical size defect results indicated that compared to the rhBMP-2-loaded bimodal macro/micro- and macro/nano-porous scaffolds, TMS/rhBMP-2 exhibited appealing bone regeneration capacity. Particularly, in critical size defect, complete bone reconstruction with rapid medullary cavity reunion and sclerotin maturity was observed on TMS/rhBMP-2. On the basis of these results, TMS/rhBMP-2 developed here represents a promising bone substitute for clinical application and the concepts proposed in this study might provide new thoughts on development of future orthopedic biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Limited self-regenerating capacity of human body makes the reconstruction of critical size bone defect a significant challenge. Current bone substitutes often exhibit undesirable therapeutic efficacy due to poor osteoconductivity or low osteoinductivity. Herein, TMS/rhBMP-2, an advanced mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffold with osteoconductive trimodal macro/micro/nano-porosity and osteoinductive rhBMP-2 delivery was developed. The preparative and mechanical problems of hierarchical MBG scaffold were solved without affecting its excellent biocompatibilities, and rhBMP-2 immobilization in sizematched mesopores was first explored. Combining structural and biological cues, TMS/rhBMP-2 achieved a complete regeneration with rapid medullary cavity reunion and sclerotin maturity in rabbit radius critical size defects. The design conceptions proposed in this study might provide new thoughts on development of future orthopedic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuanman Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Haoyi Niu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Han Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Changsheng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Li B, Han Y, Li M. Enhanced osteoblast differentiation and osseointegration of a bio-inspired HA nanorod patterned pore-sealed MgO bilayer coating on magnesium. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:683-693. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenetic capability of Mg was significantly enhanced by a bio-inspired hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorod patterned pore-sealed MgO bilayer coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
- Hospital of Orthopedics
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Zhang X, Xiao GY, Zhao XC, He K, Xu WH, Lu YP. Rapid early formation and crystal refinement of chemical conversion hopeite coatings induced by substrate sandblasting. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A relatively uniform banded structure is exhibited on the crystal surface of a coating on sandblasted substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Gui-yong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Xing-chuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Kun He
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Wen-hua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yu-peng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
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Shah FA, Nilson B, Brånemark R, Thomsen P, Palmquist A. The bone-implant interface – nanoscale analysis of clinically retrieved dental implants. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2014; 10:1729-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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