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Asante DB, Wiafe GA. Therapeutic Benefit of Vernonia amygdalina in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Associated Complications in Preclinical Studies. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:3159352. [PMID: 38033739 PMCID: PMC10686711 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3159352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a complex heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by a defect in the function of insulin, is on the rapid rise globally. Sustained hyperglycemia which is a major sign of DM is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species which promotes adverse complications of the disorder. Traditional herbal treatment of DM is a common practice in Africa and other tropical parts of the world. Vernonia amygdalina (VA), one of the highly researched species in the Asteraceae family, has proven to possess potent antidiabetic properties. Several phytochemicals identified in multiple extracts from VA are purported to be responsible for the antidiabetic potential of the plant. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of VA in diabetes and its associated complications. We appraise the current evidence and further suggest potential areas that could be effectively exploited in future VA research on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Bois Asante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Forensic Science, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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Nna VU, McGrowder D, Nwokocha C. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1123-1142. [PMID: 33770443 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1903041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global market for medicinal plants and herbs is on the increase due to their desirability, efficacy, and less adverse effects as complementary and alternative medications to the orthodox pharmaceuticals, perhaps due to their natural components and qualities. Metabolic syndromes are managed with changes in diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications and the use of pharmacological agents. Plants are now known to have potent antioxidant and cholinergic activities which are relevant to the management of several metabolic syndromes, which are unfortunately, co-morbidity factors in the coronavirus disease crisis. This review will focus on the biological activities of some plant products used as complementary and alternative medicines in the management of metabolic syndromes, and on their reported antiviral, antithrombotic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties, which are integral to their usage in the management of viral infections and may give an avenue for prophylactic and therapeutics especially in the absence of vaccines/formulated antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Physiology Section), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Cao XY, Aimaier R, Yang J, Yang J, Chen ZY, Zhao JJ, Yin L, Zhang Q, You J, Zhang H, Li HR, Chen JY, Mao QC, Yang LP, Yu F, Zhao HP, Zhao HX. Effect of bacillus subtilis strain Z15 secondary metabolites on immune function in mice. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:273. [PMID: 37208602 PMCID: PMC10198031 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) are effective in treating fungal infections in mice. To evaluate whether it also modulates immune function in mice to exert antifungal effects, we investigated the effect of BS-Z15 secondary metabolites on both the innate and adaptive immune functions of mice, and explored its molecular mechanism through blood transcriptome analysis. RESULTS The study showed that BS-Z15 secondary metabolites increased the number of monocytes and platelets in the blood, improved natural killer (NK) cell activity and phagocytosis of monocytes-macrophages, increased the conversion rate of lymphocytes in the spleen, the number of T lymphocytes and the antibody production capacity of mice, and increased the levels of Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in plasma. The blood transcriptome analysis revealed 608 differentially expressed genes following treatment with BS-Z15 secondary metabolites, all of which were significantly enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) terms for immune-related entries and pathways such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, and upregulated expression levels of immune-related genes such as Complement 1q B chain (C1qb), Complement 4B (C4b), Tetracyclin Resistant (TCR) and Regulatory Factor X, 5 (RFX5). CONCLUSIONS BS-Z15 secondary metabolites were shown to enhance innate and adaptive immune function in mice, laying a theoretical foundation for its development and application in the field of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yuan Cao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Reyihanguli Aimaier
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia You
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qing-Chen Mao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China.
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui-Xin Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China.
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GAO J, ZHAO M, SHAN S, LI Y, LUO J, LI Y. Rapid identification of stigmastane-type steroid saponins from Vernonia amygdalina leaf based on α-glucosidase inhibiting activity and molecular networking. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:846-853. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhou F, Li M, Zhang Y, Li N, Shao L. MiR-34a-5p promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis by suppressing SIRT1 expression. Exp Cell Res 2022;:113336. [PMID: 36058294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major contributor of fasting hyperglycemia in diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tightly linked to glucose metabolism, but their role in hepatic gluconeogenesis remains largely unkown. In this current study, miR-34a-5p expression was significantly increased in liver tissues of db/db mice. Overexpression of miR-34a-5p promoted hepatic glucose production in mouse primary hepatocytes with increased expressions of gluconeogenic genes while miR-34a-5p inhibition displayed a contrary action. MiR-34a-5p overexpression in mouse primary hepatocytes repressed SIRT1 expression. SIRT1 inhibition by EX527 blocked phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) protein degradation and enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis. Treatment of A485 (a CBP/p300 inhibitor) decreased miR-34a-5p and PEPCK expressions in the livers of db/db mice, but elevated SIRT1 protein expression. In mouse primary hepatocytes, A485 exhibited a similar result. Overexpression of miR-34a-5p attenuated A485-inhibited gluconeogenic gene expressions and A485-induced SIRT1 protein expression. Finally, after miR-34a-5p was inhibited in the livers of db/db mice, hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic gene expressions were markedly lowered. Our findings highlight a critical role of miR-34a-5p in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and miR-34a-5p may be a potential target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Wang JZ, Bian Y, Deng GG, Wang Y, Yan HL, Zhang XL, Huang YM, Li A, Liao XY, Feng TY. Effects of phloridzin on blood glucose and key enzyme G-6-Pase of gluconeogenesis in mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13956. [PMID: 34590315 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of phloridzin (PHL), main component of Malus hupehensis (MH) tea leaves, on blood glucose (BG) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) were investigated to provide a basis for finding a scheme of stabilizing BG. Glucose uptake of insulin resistant HepG2 cells was measured by glucose oxidase method. Glucose tolerance, fasting BG (FBG) and postprandial BG (PBG) were determined by BG test strips. The expression of G-6-Pase was detected by Western blot. The results showed that glucose uptake was enhanced and the expression of G-6-Pase was inhibited by PHL in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Glucose tolerance was enhanced, FBG level was increased and PBG level was decreased by PHL in mice. The expression of G-6-Pase in the liver was enhanced under fasting state, and was inhibited by the low and medium dose under postprandial state. It indicated that PHL has a positive effect on stabilizing BG in mice, which is related to bidirectional regulation of G-6-Pase activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Malus hupehensis, edible and medicinal plant, which has been proved by long-term application and experiments that it has a good effect on stabilizing blood glucose, preventing diabetes and adjuvant treatment. Its effect is closely related to its main component PHL. Thus, MH can be used as a dietary regulating drink for daily life to maintain blood glucose. Its main ingredient is PHL, which can be developed as a candidate drug for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Zhi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yu Bian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Gai-Gai Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hua-Ling Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yong-Mei Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xing-Yue Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Tian-Yan Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Li H, Xu Q, Xu C, Hu Y, Yu X, Zhao K, Li M, Li M, Xu J, Kuang H. Bicyclol Regulates Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644129. [PMID: 34093184 PMCID: PMC8175979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis plays an important role in maintaining the body’s glucose metabolism homeostasis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases, when combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it can cause severe glucose metabolism disorders. Studies have confirmed that chronic liver inflammatory lesions are the basis of T2DM combined with NAFLD (T2DM–NAFLD), inhibiting liver inflammation can improve glucose metabolism disorders. It is essential to explore safe and effective drugs to inhibit liver inflammation to improve the body’s glucose metabolism disorders. Bicyclol is a biphenyl derivative that has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of bicyclol in T2DM–NAFLD were investigated, and T2DM–NAFLD with/without bicyclol treatment models were established. The results revealed that bicyclol alleviated fasting blood glucose, serum transaminase levels, insulin resistance, hepatic adipogenesis, lipid accumulation and markedly reduced T2DM–NAFLD rat histological alterations of livers. Not only that, bicyclol markedly attenuated T2DM–NAFLD induced production of inflammation factors (IL-1β and TNF-α). Moreover, bicyclol suppressed the expression of insulin/gluconeogenesis signaling pathway (Akt, PGC-1α and PEPCK). These findings suggested that bicyclol might be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of T2DM–NAFLD and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengye Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingyang Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kangqi Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junfang Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Kuang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Pasachan T, Duangjai A, Ontawong A, Amornlerdpison D, Jinakote M, Phatsara M, Soodvilai S, Srimaroeng C. Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels Leaf Aqueous Extract Inhibits Hepatic Glucose Production in HepG2 Cells and Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:1239. [PMID: 33669133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels aqueous extract (TTE) on hepatic glucose production in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) conditions. HepG2 cells were pretreated with TTE and its major constituents found in TTE, epicatechin (EC) and quercetin (QC). The hepatic glucose production was determined. The in vitro data were confirmed in T2DM rats, which were supplemented daily with 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) TTE, 30 mg/kg BW metformin or TTE combined with metformin for 12 weeks. Results demonstrate that TTE induced copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase genes, similarly to EC and QC. TTE decreased hepatic glucose production by downregulating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and increasing protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in HepG2 cells. These results correlated with the antihyperglycemic, antitriglyceridemic, anti-insulin resistance, and antioxidant activities of TTE in T2DM rats, similar to the metformin and combination treatments. Consistently, impairment of hepatic gluconeogenesis in T2DM rats was restored after single and combined treatments by reducing PEPCK and G6Pase genes. Collectively, TTE could potentially be developed as a nutraceutical product to prevent glucose overproduction in patients with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes who are being treated with antidiabetic drugs.
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Lee J, Noh S, Lim S, Kim B. Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:81. [PMID: 33435282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.
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Halim AM, Sirajuddin S, Bahar B, Jafar N, Syam A, Masni. The effect of African leaf herbal tea on fast blood glucose on centration of prediabetes teachers in Makassar city. Enfermería Clínica 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Pan M, Zhang Y, Deng K, Liu G, Gu Z, Liu J, Luo K, Zhang W, Mai K. Forkhead box O1 in turbot Scophthalmus maximus: Molecular characterization, gene structure, tissue distribution and the role in glucose metabolism. Gene 2019; 708:49-56. [PMID: 30935922 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box O1 (foxo1) is a transcription factor and plays important roles in glucose metabolism. In the present study, foxo1 in turbot Scophthalmus maximus was cloned and characterized. The siRNA of foxo1 was used to investigate the functions of foxo1 in turbot hepatocytes glucose metabolism. After that, a 10-week feeding trial with two different dietary carbohydrate levels (15% and 21%, respectively) was conducted to analyze the function of foxo1 in glucose metabolism in vivo. Results showed that the foxo1 was identified as 2176 bp (base pair) with a 2025 bp open reading frame, which encoded 675 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that foxo1 of turbot was highly homologous to most of fishes. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that the highest expression of foxo1 was in liver. After in vitro analysis, foxo1-specific small interfering RNA (sifoxo1) treatment significantly decreased the expressions of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (cpepck) and glucose-6-phosphatase1(g6pase1) in primary hepatocytes. Expression of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (mpepck) was not significantly inhibited. In contrast, the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase2 (g6pase2) increased significantly. After the in vivo study (feeding trial), with the decreased expression of foxo1 in turbot due to high dietary carbohydrate level (21%), the expression of g6pase2 was significantly upregulated. However, the expression of glucokinase (gk) was not changed significantly. These increased the level of blood glucose and hepatic glycogen. In conclusion, data from both in vitro (primary hepatocytes) and in vivo (feeding trial) showed that downregulated foxo1 in turbot could not result in significant depression of gluconeogenesis and activation of glycolysis. This could be one of the reasons why intake of high level of carbohydrate resulted in prolonged hyperglycemia in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangyu Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhixiang Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Garba ZN, Oviosa S. The effect of different drying methods on the elemental and nutritional composition of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf). Journal of Taibah University for Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2019.1582148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Oviosa
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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