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González-Matos M, Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, Monzote L, González-Bacerio J. Compounds with potentialities as novel chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis at preclinical level. Exp Parasitol 2024; 260:108747. [PMID: 38518969 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are neglected infectious diseases caused by kinetoplastid protozoan parasites from the genus Leishmania. These sicknesses are present mainly in tropical regions and almost 1 million new cases are reported each year. The absence of vaccines, as well as the high cost, toxicity or resistance to the current drugs determines the necessity of new treatments against these pathologies. In this review, several compounds with potentialities as new antileishmanial drugs are presented. The discussion is restricted to the preclinical level and molecules are organized according to their chemical nature, source and molecular targets. In this manner, we present antimicrobial peptides, flavonoids, withanolides, 8-aminoquinolines, compounds from Leish-Box, pyrazolopyrimidines, and inhibitors of tubulin polymerization/depolymerization, topoisomerase IB, proteases, pteridine reductase, N-myristoyltransferase, as well as enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism, response against oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. This work is a contribution to the general knowledge of these compounds as antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Mirtha Elisa Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Center for Research, Diagnosis and Reference, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia Del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba.
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Memariani H, Memariani M, Ghasemian A. Quercetin as a Promising Antiprotozoan Phytochemical: Current Knowledge and Future Research Avenues. Biomed Res Int 2024; 2024:7632408. [PMID: 38456097 PMCID: PMC10919984 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7632408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, only few antiparasitic drugs have been developed to date. Protozoan infections such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis continue to exact an enormous toll on public health worldwide, underscoring the need to discover novel antiprotozoan drugs. Recently, there has been an explosion of research into the antiprotozoan properties of quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet. In this review, we tried to consolidate the current knowledge on the antiprotozoal effects of quercetin and to provide the most fruitful avenues for future research. Quercetin exerts potent antiprotozoan activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens such as Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., Plasmodium spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Trichomonas spp., and Toxoplasma gondii. In addition to its immunomodulatory roles, quercetin disrupts mitochondrial function, induces apoptotic/necrotic cell death, impairs iron uptake, inhibits multiple enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and the glycolytic pathways, suppresses the activity of DNA topoisomerases, and downregulates the expression of various heat shock proteins in these pathogens. In vivo studies also show that quercetin is effective in reducing parasitic loads, histopathological damage, and mortality in animals. Future research should focus on designing effective drug delivery systems to increase the oral bioavailability of quercetin. Incorporating quercetin into various nanocarrier systems would be a promising approach to manage localized cutaneous infections. Nevertheless, clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy of quercetin in treating various protozoan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Memariani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Memariani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Das SS, Dubey AK, Verma PRP, Singh SK, Singh SK. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin-Loaded Nanoemulsion against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis: In Vitro/ Ex Vivo Studies and Mechanistic Insights. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3367-3384. [PMID: 35980291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most fatal and neglected tropical diseases caused by Leishmania donovani (L. donovani). The applications of currently available chemotherapy (amphotericin B, miltefosine, and others) in VL treatment have been limited due to their poor bioavailability, unfavorable toxicity profile, and prolonged parenteral dosing. Quercetin (QT), a potent natural antioxidant, is a prominent target when conducting investigations on alternative therapies against L. donovani infections. However, the therapeutic applications of QT have been restricted due to its low solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, we developed and evaluated the antileishmanial activity (ALA) of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (QTNE) against L. donovani clinical strains. In vitro anti-promastigote assay results demonstrated that QTNE (IC50 6.6 μM, 48 h) significantly inhibited the growth of parasites more efficiently than the pure QT suspension in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results of the anti-amastigote assay revealed that the infected macrophages (%) of QTNE were significantly more than those of the pure QT suspension at all concentrations (6.6, 26.4, and 52.8 μM; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 compared to the control). Moreover, the results of in vitro and ex vivo studies assisted in determining the mechanistic insights associated with the ALA of QTNE. The overall findings suggested that QTNE exhibited potential ALA by enhancing the intracellular ROS and nitric oxide levels, inducing distortion of membrane integrity and phosphatidylserine release (AV/PI), rupturing the parasite DNA (late apoptosis/necrosis process), and upregulating the immunomodulatory effects (IFN-γ and IL-10 levels). Additionally, QTNE showed superior biocompatibility against all of the treated healthy cells (PBMCs, PECs, and BMCs) as compared to the control. In conclusion, QTNE acts as a potential antileishmanial agent targeting both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. donovani, which thus opens a new avenue for the use of QTNE in VL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India.,Parasite Immunology Lab, Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800007, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Singh
- Parasite Immunology Lab, Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800007, Bihar, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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Coutinho DCO, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV, Foureaux G, Santos A, Rodrigues-Ferreira C, Martins-Júnior PA, Resende RR, Medei E, Vieyra A, Santos RAS, Cruz JS, Ferreira AJ. Diminazene Aceturate, an angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator, promotes cardioprotection in ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury. Peptides 2022; 151:170746. [PMID: 35033621 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator, can revert cardiac dysfunction in ischemia reperfusion-induced (I/R) injury in animals and examine the mechanism underlying this effect. Wistar rats systemically received DIZE (1 mg/kg) for thirty days. Cardiac function in isolated rat hearts was evaluated using the Langendorff technique. After I/R, ventricular non-I/R and I/R samples were used to evaluate ATP levels. Mitochondrial function was assessed using cardiac permeabilized fibers and isolated cardiac mitochondria. Cardiac cellular electrophysiology was evaluated using the patch clamp technique. DIZE protected the heart after I/R from arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction by preserving ATP levels, independently of any change in coronary flow and heart rate. DIZE improved mitochondrial function, increasing the capacity for generating ATP and reducing proton leak without changing the specific citrate synthase activity. The activation of the ACE2 remodeled cardiac electrical profiles, shortening the cardiac action potential duration at 90 % repolarization. Additionally, cardiomyocytes from DIZE-treated animals exhibited reduced sensibility to diazoxide (KATP agonist) and a higher KATP current compared to the controls. DIZE was able to improve mitochondrial function and modulate cardiac electrical variables with a cardio-protective profile, resulting in direct myocardial cell protection from I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Foureaux
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara Rodrigues-Ferreira
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Martins-Júnior
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Li G, De Oliveira DMP, Walker MJ. The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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Abstract
The diminazene aceturate (C14H15N7.2C4H7NO3) is a chemotherapeutic agent with more than six decades of use, however more studies regarding its toxicity still need to be performed. Thus, the present study determined the acute toxicity (14 days) of diminazene acetate (DIZE) in male and female swiss mice by changes in body mass, food consumption, biochemical and hematological parameters, locomotor activity and motor coordination. DIZE was administered at a single dose (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) orally. In addition, in vitro antioxidant capacity, hemolytic activity, toxicity in Artemia salina and in silico evaluation were also performed. The results obtained include several signs of toxicity (hypoactivity, loss of the straightening reflex and tachycardia), reduction of behavioral activity (locomotor activity and motor coordination) and significant changes (p < 0.05) in biochemical and hematological parameters. According to the in silico study, the DIZE can be classified based on the mean lethal dose (LD50) in category 4 (300 mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 2000 mg/kg, ProTox-II) or 3 (50 mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 300 mg/kg, AdmetSAR 1.0). Additionally, DIZE (30.3-969.9 nM) was not toxic to A. salina in the first 48 hours of treatment and was not cytotoxic to rat red blood cells after induced hemolysis. In vitro results indicated low antioxidant capacity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals. Therefore, DIZE induces several adverse effects with influence on the central nervous system, changes in hematological and biochemical parameters and even mortality at the highest dose. However, absence of toxicity was observed in A. salina and rats red blood cells.
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Carter NS, Stamper BD, Elbarbry F, Nguyen V, Lopez S, Kawasaki Y, Poormohamadian R, Roberts SC. Natural Products That Target the Arginase in Leishmania Parasites Hold Therapeutic Promise. Microorganisms 2021; 9:267. [PMID: 33525448 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a variety of devastating and often fatal diseases in humans worldwide. Because a vaccine is not available and the currently small number of existing drugs are less than ideal due to lack of specificity and emerging drug resistance, the need for new therapeutic strategies is urgent. Natural products and their derivatives are being used and explored as therapeutics and interest in developing such products as antileishmanials is high. The enzyme arginase, the first enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in Leishmania, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. The flavonols quercetin and fisetin, green tea flavanols such as catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and cinnamic acid derivates such as caffeic acid inhibit the leishmanial enzyme and modulate the host’s immune response toward parasite defense while showing little toxicity to the host. Quercetin, EGCG, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid have proven to be effective against Leishmania in rodent infectivity studies. Here, we review research on these natural products with a focus on their promise for the development of treatment strategies as well as unique structural and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic features of the most promising agents.
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Yang D, Wang T, Long M, Li P. Quercetin: Its Main Pharmacological Activity and Potential Application in Clinical Medicine. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:8825387. [PMID: 33488935 PMCID: PMC7790550 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8825387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid compound widely present in plants and exhibits a variety of biological activities. Research on quercetin has shown its potential for medical application. In this research, we elucidate its antioxidant mechanism and the broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiparasite properties; summarise its potential application in antioncology and cardiovascular protection and anti-immunosuppression treatment; and demonstrate its ability to alleviate the toxicity of mycotoxins. This research is expected to offer some insights and inspirations for the further study of quercetin, its properties, and the scientific basis for its better application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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9
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Salehi B, Machin L, Monzote L, Sharifi-Rad J, Ezzat SM, Salem MA, Merghany RM, El Mahdy NM, Kılıç CS, Sytar O, Sharifi-Rad M, Sharopov F, Martins N, Martorell M, Cho WC. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin: New Insights and Perspectives for Human Health. ACS Omega 2020; 5:11849-11872. [PMID: 32478277 PMCID: PMC7254783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactive effects. The antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's, antiarthritic, cardiovascular, and wound-healing effects of Que have been extensively investigated, as well as its anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines has been recently reported. Que and its derivatives are found predominantly in the Western diet, and people might benefit from their protective effect just by taking them via diets or as a food supplement. Bioavailability-related drug-delivery systems of Que have also been markedly exploited, and Que nanoparticles appear as a promising platform to enhance their bioavailability. The present review aims to provide a brief overview of the therapeutic effects, new insights, and upcoming perspectives of Que.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student
Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Laura Machin
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology
Department, Institute of Medicine Tropical
Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry
Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr El-Aini
Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October
University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October 12566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia
University, Gamal Abd
El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Rana M. Merghany
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nihal M. El Mahdy
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October 12566, Egypt
| | - Ceyda Sibel Kılıç
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak
University of Agriculture, Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, Nitra 94976, Slovak Republic
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department
of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University
of Porto, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Institute
for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy,
and Centre
for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad
de Desarrollo Tecnológico,
UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - William C. Cho
- Department
of Clinical Oncology, Queen
Elizabeth Hospital, 30
Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong
Kong
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Trefzger OS, das Neves AR, Barbosa NV, Carvalho DB, Pereira IC, Perdomo RT, Matos MFC, Yoshida NC, Kato MJ, de Albuquerque S, Arruda CCP, Baroni ACM. Design, synthesis and antitrypanosomatid activities of 3,5-diaryl-isoxazole analogues based on neolignans veraguensin, grandisin and machilin G. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:313-324. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozildéia S. Trefzger
- LASQUIM - Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Amarith R. das Neves
- LASQUIM - Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Humana; INBIO - Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Natália V. Barbosa
- LASQUIM - Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Humana; INBIO - Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Diego B. Carvalho
- LASQUIM - Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Indiara C. Pereira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular e Cultura de Celulas; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alimentos e Nutricao; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Renata T. Perdomo
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular e Cultura de Celulas; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alimentos e Nutricao; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Maria F. C. Matos
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular e Cultura de Celulas; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Alimentos e Nutricao; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Nidia C. Yoshida
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Massuo J. Kato
- Institute of Chemistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; USP; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Carla C. P. Arruda
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia Humana; INBIO - Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Adriano C. M. Baroni
- LASQUIM - Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal; FACFAN - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; UFMS; Campo Grande MS Brazil
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Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a key player for the dynamic regulation of arginine methylation. Its dysregulation and aberrant expression are implicated in various pathological conditions, and a plethora of evidence suggests that PRMT1 inhibition is of significant therapeutic value. Herein, we reported the modification of a series of diamidine compounds with varied lengths in the middle alkyl linker for PRMT1 inhibition. Decamidine (2j), which possesses the longest linker in the series, displayed 2- and 4- fold increase in PRMT1 inhibition (IC50 = 13 μM), as compared with furamdine and stilbamidine. The inhibitory activity toward PRMT1 was validated by secondary orthogonal assays. Docking studies showed that the increased activity is due to the extra interaction of the amidine group with the SAM binding pocket, which is absent when the linker is not long enough. These results provide structural insights into developing the amidine type of PRMT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chunli Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Maomao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Brenson A Jassim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Yujun George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Tejería A, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Reguera RM, Balaña-Fouce R, Alonso C, Fuertes M, González M, Rubiales G, Palacios F. Antileishmanial effect of new indeno-1,5-naphthyridines, selective inhibitors of Leishmania infantum type IB DNA topoisomerase. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:740-749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Navrátilová A, Nešuta O, Vančatová I, Čížek A, Varela-M RE, López-Abán J, Villa-Pulgarin JA, Mollinedo F, Muro A, Žemličková H, Kadlecová D, Šmejkal K. C-Geranylated flavonoids from Paulownia tomentosa fruits with antimicrobial potential and synergistic activity with antibiotics. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1398-1407. [PMID: 26789098 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context C-6-Geranylated flavonoids possess promising biological activities. These substances could be a source of lead compounds for the development of therapeutics. Objective The study was designed to evaluate their antibacterial and antileishmanial activity. Materials and methods C-6-Geranylated flavanones were tested in micromolar concentrations against promastigote forms of Leishmania brazilensis, L. donovani, L. infantum, and L. panamensis against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); and synergistic potential with antibiotics was analyzed. IC50 values (after 72 h) were calculated and compared with that of miltefosine. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis were used the mechanism of the effect. Geranylated flavanones or epigallocatechin gallate were combined with oxacillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, and the effects of these two-component combinations were evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were established (after 24 h), the synergy was measured by the checkerboard titration technique, and the sums of the fractional inhibitory concentrations (∑FICs) were computed. Results 3'-O-Methyl-5'-O-methyldiplacone and 3'-O-methyldiplacone showed good antileishmanial activities (IC50 8-42 μM). 3'-O-Methyl-5'-hydroxydiplacone activates the apoptotic death at leishmanias, the effect of 3'-O-methyl-5'-O-methyldiplacone has another mechanism. The test of the antibacterial activity showed good effects of 3'-O-methyldiplacol and mimulone against MRSA (MIC 2-16 μg/mL), and in six cases, the results showed synergistic effects when combined with oxacillin. Synergistic effects were also found for the combination of epigallocatechin gallate with tetracycline or oxacillin. Conclusion This work demonstrates anti-MRSA and antileishmanial potential of geranylated flavanones and uncovers their promising synergistic activities with antibiotics. In addition, the mechanism of antileishmanial effect is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Navrátilová
- a Department of Natural Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Nešuta
- b Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Irena Vančatová
- a Department of Natural Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alois Čížek
- c Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
- d CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Ruben E Varela-M
- e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Julio López-Abán
- f Laboratorio de Immunología y Parasitología Molecular , CIETUS, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca ; Spain
| | - Janny A Villa-Pulgarin
- e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- e Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- f Laboratorio de Immunología y Parasitología Molecular , CIETUS, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca ; Spain
| | - Helena Žemličková
- g National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics , National Institute of Public Health , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kadlecová
- a Department of Natural Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- a Department of Natural Drugs , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
- h Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
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Mamidala R, Majumdar P, Jha KK, Bathula C, Agarwal R, Chary MT, Majumder HK, Munshi P, Sen S. Identification of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors via intuitive scaffold hopping and bioisosteric modification of known Top 1 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26603. [PMID: 27221589 PMCID: PMC4879574 DOI: 10.1038/srep26603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of arylidenefuropyridinediones was discovered as potent inhibitors of Leishmania donovani Topoisomerase 1 (LdTop1) where the active molecules displayed considerable inhibition with single digit micromolar EC50 values. This molecular library was designed via intuitive scaffold hopping and bioisosteric modification of known topoisomerase 1 inhibitors such as camptothecin, edotecarin and etc. The design was rationalized by molecular docking analysis of the compound prototype with human topoisomerase 1 (HTop1) and Leishmania donovani topoisomerase 1(LdTop1). The most active compound 4 displayed no cytotoxicity against normal mammalian COS7 cell line (~100 fold less inhibition at the EC50). Similar to camptothecin, 4 interacted with free LdTop1 as observed in the preincubation DNA relaxation inhibition experiment. It also displayed anti-protozoal activity against Leishmania donovani promastigote. Crystal structure investigation of 4 and its molecular modelling with LdTop1 revealed putative binding sites in the enzyme that could be harnessed to generate molecules with better potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinikanth Mamidala
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, Telangana, India.,GVK Bioscience, 28A IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - Papiya Majumdar
- Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Kunal Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandramohan Bathula
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Thirumala Chary
- Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, Telangana, India
| | - Hemanta K Majumder
- Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthapratim Munshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
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da Silva Oliveira GL, de Freitas RM. Diminazene aceturate—An antiparasitic drug of antiquity: Advances in pharmacology & therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:138-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Matos RBD, Braga-de-Souza S, Pitanga BPS, Silva VDAD, Jesus EEVD, Pinheiro AM, Costa MDFD, El-Bacha RDS, Ribeiro CSDO, Costa SL. Flavonoids modulate the proliferation of Neospora caninum in glial cell primary cultures. Korean J Parasitol 2014; 52:613-9. [PMID: 25548412 PMCID: PMC4277023 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa; Sarcocystidae) is a protozoan that causes abortion in cattle, horses, sheep, and dogs as well as neurological and dermatological diseases in dogs. In the central nervous system of dogs infected with N. caninum, cysts were detected that exhibited gliosis and meningitis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of flavonoids in a well-established in vitro model of N. caninum infection in glial cell cultures. Glial cells were treated individually with 10 different flavonoids, and a subset of cultures was also infected with the NC-1 strain of N. caninum. All of the flavonoids tested induced an increase in the metabolism of glial cells and many of them increased nitrite levels in cultures infected with NC-1 compared to controls and uninfected cultures. Among the flavonoids tested, 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone, 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin), and 3,3',4',5,6-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin), also inhibited parasitophorous vacuole formation. Taken together, our findings show that flavonoids modulate glial cell responses, increase NO secretion, and interfere with N. caninum infection and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosan Barbosa de Matos
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Suzana Braga-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pena Seara Pitanga
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Victor Diógenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Erica Etelvina Viana de Jesus
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morales Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológicas, Campus da Universidade, CEP 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ramon dos Santos El-Bacha
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cátia Suse de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP 41100-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Nagle A, Khare S, Kumar AB, Supek F, Buchynskyy A, Mathison CJN, Chennamaneni N, Pendem N, Buckner FS, Gelb M, Molteni V. Recent developments in drug discovery for leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11305-47. [PMID: 25365529 PMCID: PMC4633805 DOI: 10.1021/cr500365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Advait
S. Nagle
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shilpi Khare
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Arun Babu Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frantisek Supek
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andriy Buchynskyy
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Casey J. N. Mathison
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Naveen
Kumar Chennamaneni
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nagendar Pendem
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frederick S. Buckner
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael
H. Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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18
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Ali A, Bhattacharya S. DNA binders in clinical trials and chemotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4506-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Salama AA, Aboulaila M, Moussa AA, Nayel MA, El-Sify A, Terkawi MA, Hassan HY, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of fusidic acid on Babesia and Theileria parasites. Vet Parasitol 2013; 191:1-10. [PMID: 22985928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fusidic acid known to has antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial activities. Fusidic acid blocks translation elongation factor G gene in Plasmodium falciparum. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of fusidic acid on the in vitro growth of bovine and equine Babesia parasites were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of fusidic acid on the in vivo growth of Babesia microti was also assessed. The in vitro growth of four Babesia species that were tested was significantly inhibited (P<0.05) by micromolar concentrations of fusidic acid (IC(50) values=144.8, 17.3, 33.3, and 56.25 μM for Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, and Theileria equi, respectively). Combinations of fusidic acid with diminazene aceturate synergistically potentiated its inhibitory effects in vitro on B. bovis and B. caballi. In B. microti-infected mice, fusidic acid caused significant (P<0.05) inhibition of the growth of B. microti at the dose of 500 mg/kg BW relative to control group. These results indicate that fusidic acid might be incorporated in treatment of babesiosis.
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20
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Munkhjargal T, Aboulaila M, Ueno A, Sivakumar T, Nakano Y, Yokoyama M, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I. Cloning and characterization of histone deacetylase from Babesia bovis. Vet Parasitol 2012; 190:423-33. [PMID: 22818786 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) on Apicomplexa has been previously reported with the discovery of apicidin, a cyclic tetrapeptide having broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity. In the current study, we expressed Babesia bovis (B. bovis) recombinant-HDAC 3 (rBbHDAC3) as a GST-fusion protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and found that it was antigenic. An antiserum against the recombinant protein was generated in mice. The mice serum demonstrated the presence of HDAC in B. bovis by a Western blot assay. The murine anti-rBbHDAC3 reacted with B. bovis, Babesia bigemina (B. bigemina), Theileria equi (T. equi), and Babeisa caballi (B. caballi) merozoites in the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Furthermore, the HDAC-enzymatic activity of the rBbHDAC3 protein was evaluated by a colorimetric assay. The enzymatic activity of rBbHDAC3 was inhibited by 100 ng/ml of apicidin, and the inhibitory effect of apicidin was dose-dependent. The inhibition of BbHDAC3 by apicidin was confirmed by Western blot, IFAT, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, apicidin potentially inhibited the in vitro growth of Babesia parasites. The lower IC(50) values of apicidin against apicomplexan parasites than those of mammalian cells point to HDAC as an excellent drug target. The findings of the present study indicate that BbHDAC3 is a potential target for apicidin and might be a promising target for the development of novel anti-babesial drugs.
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Khare P, Gupta AK, Gajula PK, Sunkari KY, Jaiswal AK, Das S, Bajpai P, Chakraborty TK, Dube A, Saxena AK. Identification of novel S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitors through homology-model-based virtual screening, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:777-91. [PMID: 22324915 DOI: 10.1021/ci2005862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes a successful application of computational approaches to identify novel Leishmania donovani (Ld) AdoHcyase inhibitors utilizing the differences for Ld AdoHcyase NAD(+) binding between human and Ld parasite. The development and validation of the three-dimensional (3D) structures of Ld AdoHcyase using the L. major AdoHcyase as template has been carried out. At the same time, cloning of the Ld AdoHcyase gene from clinical strains, its overexpression and purification have been performed. Further, the model was used in combined docking and molecular dynamics studies to validate the binding site of NAD in Ld. The hierarchical structure based virtual screening followed by the synthesis of five active hits and enzyme inhibition assay has resulted in the identification of novel Ld AdoHcyase inhibitors. The most potent inhibitor, compound 5, may serve as a "lead" for developing more potent Ld AdoHcy hydrolase inhibitors as potential antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Khare
- Parasitology Division, C.S.I.R.-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Heme (Fe2+ protoporphyrin IX) is an essential molecule that has been implicated the potent antimalarial action of artemisinin and its derivatives, although the source and nature of the heme remain controversial. Artemisinins also exhibit selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that intracellular heme is the physiologically relevant mediator of the cytotoxic effects of artemisinins. Increasing intracellular heme synthesis through the addition of aminolevulinic acid, protoporphyrin IX, or transferrin-bound iron increased the cytotoxicity of dihydroartemisinin, while decreasing heme synthesis through the addition of succinyl acetone decreased its cytotoxic activity. A simple and robust high throughput assay was developed to screen chemical compounds that were capable of interacting with heme. A natural products library was screened which identified the compound coralyne, in addition to artemisinin, as a heme interacting compound with heme synthesis dependent cytotoxic activity. These results indicate that cellular heme may serve a general target for the development of both anti-parasitic and anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Zhang
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Poorrajab F, Ardestani SK, Foroumadi A, Emami S, Kariminia A, Behrouzi-Fardmoghadam M, Shafiee A. Selective leishmanicidal effect of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and possible mechanism of action against Leishmania species. Exp Parasitol 2009; 121:323-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Revest M, Donaghy L, Cabillic F, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP. Comparison of the immunomodulatory effects of L. donovani and L. major excreted-secreted antigens, particulate and soluble extracts and viable parasites on human dendritic cells. Vaccine 2008; 26:6119-23. [PMID: 18804505 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In an experimental model of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), the immunophenotype of mature DCs infected with Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major showed a weak decrease in the cell surface expression of CD40, CD86, HLA-DR and DC-SIGN compared with uninfected control DCs. This immunomodulatory effect was more pronounced after stimulation with excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) of both species but absent after stimulation with particulate and soluble extracts. Infection with viable promastigotes, as well as stimulation with ESA from L. donovani and L. major, decreased IL-10 and IL-12p70 secretion. To our knowledge, this is the first direct demonstration that ESA from Leishmania promastigotes can stimulate DCs in the same manner as viable promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Revest
- Unité INSERM 522, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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Coelho AC, Gentil LG, da Silveira JF, Cotrim PC. Characterization of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes resistant to pentamidine. Exp Parasitol 2008; 120:98-102. [PMID: 18511047 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pentamidine is a second-line agent used in the treatment of leishmaniasis and its mode of action and mechanism of resistance is not well understood. It was previously demonstrated that transfection of promastigotes and amastigotes with the ABC transporter PRP1 gene confers resistance to pentamidine. To further clarify this point, we generated Leishmania amazonensis mutants resistant to pentamidine. Our results indicated that this ABC transporter is not associated with pentamidine resistance in lines generated by drug pressure through amplification or overexpression mechanisms of PRP1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano C Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Departamento Moléstias infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 4 degrees andar, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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BoseDasgupta S, Ganguly A, Roy A, Mukherjee T, Majumder HK. A novel ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCG6 is involved in chemoresistance of Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2007; 158:176-88. [PMID: 18243364 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute the biggest family of membrane proteins involved in drug resistance and other biological activities. Resistance of leishmanial parasites to therapeutic drugs continues to escalate in developing countries and in many instances it is due to overexpressed ABC efflux pumps. Progressively adapted camptothecin (CPT)-resistant parasites show overexpression of a novel ABC transporter, which was classified as ABCG6. Transfection and overexpression of LdABCG6 in wild type parasites, shows its localization primarily in the plasma membrane and flagellar pocket region. Overexpressed LdABCG6 confers substantial CPT resistance to the parasites by rapid drug efflux. Various inhibitors have been tested for their ability to revert the CPT-resistant phenotype to specifically understand the inhibition of LdABCG6 transporter. Transport experiments using everted membrane vesicles were carried out to gain an insight into the kinetics of drug transport. This study provides further knowledge of specific membrane traffic ATPase and its involvement in the chemoresistance of Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdeb BoseDasgupta
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Disease Group, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Singh G, Dey CS. Induction of apoptosis-like cell death by pentamidine and doxorubicin through differential inhibition of topoisomerase II in arsenite-resistant L. donovani. Acta Trop 2007; 103:172-85. [PMID: 17655815 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study has been undertaken to investigate the sensitivity of the topoisomerase II (topo II) of wild type (Ld-Wt) and arsenite-resistant (Ld-As20) L. donovani to an anti-leishmanial agent pentamidine and an anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. We demonstrate that the cross resistance to pentamidine and doxorubicin in Ld-As20, was in part implicated through differential inhibition of topo II in Ld-Wt and Ld-As20. Further, the treatment of promastigotes at drug concentrations inhibiting 50% of topo II activity inflicted a regulated cell death sharing several apoptotic features like externalization of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome C release into the cytosol, activation of cellular proteases and DNA fragmentation. The cytotoxic potential of pentamidine and doxorubicin in L. donovani has been shown to be mediated through topoisomerase II inhibition and results in inciting programmed cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaganmeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
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28
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29
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Silva CF, Meuser MB, De Souza EM, Meirelles MNL, Stephens CE, Som P, Boykin DW, Soeiro MNC. Cellular effects of reversed amidines on Trypanosoma cruzi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3803-9. [PMID: 17698624 PMCID: PMC2151434 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00047-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic diamidines represent a class of DNA minor groove-binding ligands that exhibit high levels of antiparasitic activity. Since the chemotherapy for Chagas' disease is still an unsolved problem and previous reports on diamidines and related analogues show that they have high levels of activity against Trypanosoma cruzi infection both in vitro and in vivo, our present aim was to evaluate the cellular effects in vitro of three reversed amidines (DB889, DB702, and DB786) and one diguanidine (DB711) against both amastigotes and bloodstream trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. Our data show that the reversed amidines have higher levels of activity than the diguanidine, with the order of trypanocidal activities being as follows: DB889 > DB702 > DB786 > DB711. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the reversed amidines induced many alterations in the nuclear morphology, swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi structures, and consistent damage in the mitochondria and kinetoplasts of the parasites. Interestingly, in trypomastigotes treated with the reversed amidine DB889, multiple axoneme structures (flagellar microtubules) were noted. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the treated parasites presented an important loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, as revealed by a decrease in rhodamine 123 fluorescence. Our results show that the reversed amidines have promising activities against the relevant mammalian forms of T. cruzi and display high trypanocidal effects at very low doses. This is especially the case for DB889, which merits further in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Silva
- Laboratory de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Cortázar TM, Coombs GH, Walker J. Leishmania panamensis: Comparative inhibition of nuclear DNA topoisomerase II enzymes from promastigotes and human macrophages reveals anti-parasite selectivity of fluoroquinolones, flavonoids and pentamidine. Exp Parasitol 2007; 116:475-82. [PMID: 17466980 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Certain model inhibitors exerted selective action against the catalytic activity of nuclear DNA topoisomerase II (TOPII) of Leishmania panamensis promastigotes. The second-generation fluoroquinolones enoxacin and ciprofloxacin exhibited extraordinarily high anti-parasite selectivity displaying 582- and 40-fold greater potencies against L. panamensis TOPII as compared with the human macrophage enzyme. The flavonoids quercetin and ellagic acid showed inverse specificities, the former being 161-fold more potent against L. panamensis TOPII, and the latter 15.7-fold more active against macrophage TOPII. The protoberberine coralyne was a potent inhibitor of both Leishmania and macrophage TOPII. Bis-benzimidazoles and the diamidine diminazene aceturate exhibited uniformly high potencies against parasite and host TOPII, but a second diamidine pentamidine showed 17.6-fold greater specificity for Leishmania TOPII. The antimonial sodium stibogluconate was an ineffective inhibitor of parasite TOPII showing 4.3-fold greater potency against the macrophage enzyme. These findings suggest that the leishmanicidal activities of certain fluoroquinolones and pentamidine may be mediated partly through TOPII inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Cortázar
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas, Cali, Colombia
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31
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Chaudhuri P, Majumder HK, Bhattacharya S. Synthesis, DNA Binding, andLeishmaniaTopoisomerase Inhibition Activities of a Novel Series of Anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione Derivatives. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2536-40. [PMID: 17444624 DOI: 10.1021/jm0610604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nine novel anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-diones, differing in their side chain, were synthesized. UV-vis spectroscopy and viscometric titrations of these molecules with duplex DNA were used to assess their binding with DNA. Five of the nine compounds showed high inhibition activity against topoisomerase I of Leishmania donovani, with the one bearing the tetrazole side chain exhibiting an IC50 approximately 1 microM. The inhibition activities were not related with their DNA binding affinity and depended on the nature of the side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaparna Chaudhuri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Balaña-Fouce R, Redondo CM, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Díaz-González R, Reguera RM. Targeting atypical trypanosomatid DNA topoisomerase I. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:733-40. [PMID: 16846801 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tropical diseases produced by kinetoplastid protozoa are among humanity's costliest banes, owing to high mortality and the economic burden resulting from morbidity. Drug resistant strains of parasites, together with insecticide-resistant vectors, are contributing to their increased prevalence in the developing world. Their extension now threatens industrialized countries because of opportunistic infections in immuno-compromised individuals. Current chemotherapy is expensive, has undesirable side effects and, in many patients, is only marginally effective. Based on the clinical success of camptothecin derivatives as anticancer agents, DNA topoisomerases have been identified as targets for drug development. The substantial differences in homology between trypanosome and leishmania DNA topoisomerase IB compared with the human form provides a new lead in the study of the structural determinants that can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n 24071 León, Spain.
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Reguera RM, Redondo CM, Gutierrez de Prado R, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Balaña-Fouce R. DNA topoisomerase I from parasitic protozoa: A potential target for chemotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 1759:117-31. [PMID: 16757380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing occurrence of drug resistant strains of unicellular prokaryotic parasites, along with insecticide-resistant vectors, are the factors contributing to the increased prevalence of tropical diseases in underdeveloped and developing countries, where they are endemic. Malaria, cryptosporidiosis, African and American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis threaten human beings, both for the high mortality rates involved and the economic loss resulting from morbidity. Due to the fact that effective immunoprophylaxis is not available at present; preventive sanitary measures and pharmacological approaches are the only sources to control the undesirable effects of such diseases. Current anti-parasitic chemotherapy is expensive, has undesirable side effects or, in many patients, is only marginally effective. Under this point of view molecular biology techniques and drug discovery must walk together in order to find new targets for chemotherapy intervention. The identification of DNA topoisomerases as a promising drug target is based on the clinical success of camptothecin derivatives as anticancer agents. The recent detection of substantial differences between trypanosome and leishmania DNA topoisomerase IB with respect to their homologues in mammals has provided a new lead in the study of the structural determinants that can be effectively targeted. The present report is an up to date review of the new findings on type IB DNA topoisomerase in unicellular parasites and the role of these enzymes as targets for therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Reguera
- Dpto. Farmacología y Toxicología (INTOXCAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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