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Rao S, Chen MY, Sudpraseart C, Lin P, Yoshida T, Wang PC, Chen SC. Genotyping and phenotyping of Lactococcus garvieae isolates from fish by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and electron microscopy indicate geographical and capsular variations. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:771-781. [PMID: 35235703 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of Lactococcosis, an evolving disease affecting many fish species and causing significant economic losses worldwide. Assessing pathogen relatedness and bacterial population structure is critical for determining the epidemiology of L. garvieae infections and in establishing effective pathogen management methods. The previously published morphological and genetic studies point to a clonal population structure, as seen in other fish bacteria. In the present study, the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method was utilized to define a population of 41 Taiwanese isolates from outbreaks with comparisons to four well-characterized non-Taiwanese isolates previously published. Two restriction enzymes (ApaI and SmaI) were utilized individually for PFGE analysis (cut-off value = 90.0%), revealing genetic heterogeneity across L. garvieae isolates, with ApaI and SmaI yielding 12 and seven distinct PFGE band patterns, respectively. The phylogenic analysis using internal transcribed spacer region clustered all L. garvieae isolates in the same clad. Furthermore, the electron microscopic results confirmed the absence of capsular gene cluster (CGC) in previously characterized Taiwanese vaccine strain (S3) from grey mullet. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of analysing the morphological and genetic diversity in L. garvieae being correlated for proper taxonomic classification in vaccine strain selection and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha Rao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chiranan Sudpraseart
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Peiry Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Terutoyo Yoshida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Zhang W, Zhu C, Xiao F, Liu X, Xie A, Chen F, Dong P, Lin P, Zheng C, Zhang H, Gong H, Wu Y. pH-Controlled Release of Antigens Using Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Delivery System for Developing a Fish Oral Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644396. [PMID: 33953716 PMCID: PMC8089398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective vaccines and delivery systems in aquaculture is a long-term challenge for controlling emerging and reemerging infections. Cost-efficient and advanced nanoparticle vaccines are of tremendous applicability in prevention of infectious diseases of fish. In this study, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) antigens of Vibrio alginolyticus were loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to compose the vaccine delivery system. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) was coated to provide protection of immunogen. The morphology, loading capacity, acid-base triggered release were characterized and the toxicity of nanoparticle vaccine was determined in vitro. Further, the vaccine immune effects were evaluated in large yellow croaker via oral administration. In vitro studies confirmed that the antigen could be stable in enzymes-rich artificial gastric fluid and released under artificial intestinal fluid environment. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated the vaccines within 120 μg/ml have good biocompatibility for large yellow croaker kidney cells. Our data confirmed that the nanoparticle vaccine in vivo could elicit innate and adaptive immune response, and provide good protection against Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. The MSN delivery system prepared may be a potential candidate carrier for fish vaccine via oral administration feeding. Further, we provide theoretical basis for developing convenient, high-performance, and cost-efficient vaccine against infectious diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangnan Xiao
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Anhua Xie
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Panpan Dong
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingdong Lin
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zheng
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunkun Wu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Zhang QJ, Luan JC, Song LB, Cong R, Ji CJ, Zhou X, Xia JD, Song NH. Age-Related Differences in Molecular Profiles for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657575. [PMID: 33936087 PMCID: PMC8082107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have significantly improved the prognosis and shown considerable promise for cancer therapy; however, differences in ICB treatment efficacy between the elderly and young are unknown. We analyzed the studies enrolled in the meta-analysis using the deft approach, and found no difference in efficacy except melanoma patients receiving anti–PD-1 therapy. Similarly, higher treatment response rate and more favorable prognosis were observed in elderly patients in some cancer types (e.g., melanoma) with data from published ICB treatment clinical trials. In addition, we comprehensively compared immunotherapy-related molecular profiles between elderly and young patients from public trials and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and validated these findings in several independent datasets. We discovered a divergent age-biased immune profiling, including the properties of tumors (e.g., tumor mutation load) and immune features (e.g., immune cells), in a pancancer setting across 27 cancer types. We believe that ICB treatment efficacy might vary depending on specific cancer types and be determined by both the tumor internal features and external immune microenvironment. Considering the high mutational properties in elderly patients in many cancer types, modulating immune function could be beneficial to immunotherapy in the elderly, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao-Chen Luan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le-Bin Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Hong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Kezhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Rao S, Byadgi O, Pulpipat T, Wang PC, Chen SC. Efficacy of a formalin-inactivated Lactococcus garvieae vaccine in farmed grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). J Fish Dis 2020; 43:1579-1589. [PMID: 32935338 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcosis [Lactococcus garvieae (LG)] is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases affecting grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) aquaculture. Therefore, the present research evaluated the efficacy of formalin-killed LG vaccine with an oil-based adjuvant in grey mullet under laboratory and field trials. The laboratory evaluation for LG vaccine and its cross-protection upon challenge in grey mullet found that single-dose immunization of formalin-killed LG with adjuvant resulted in 91.4% and 100% relative per cent survival (RPS) when challenged with homologous and heterologous strains. The levels of specific antibody titre and lysozyme activity increased significantly in the vaccinated group. Immune gene expression at 24 hr after challenge showed an increase in levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A parallel field trial experiment was conducted to investigate the long-term effectiveness of the LG vaccine. Results demonstrated that at one month and three months post-immunization with heterologous strain, 100% RPS was recorded in the vaccinated group. The findings suggested that the formalin-inactivated LG vaccine strain (S3) protected grey mullet against LG infection for a period of three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - O Byadgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - T Pulpipat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - P-C Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - S-C Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Gao Y, Pei C, Sun X, Zhang C, Li L, Kong X. Novel subunit vaccine based on grass carp reovirus VP35 protein provides protective immunity against grass carp hemorrhagic disease. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 75:91-98. [PMID: 29408645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) hemorrhagic disease, caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), is one of the most severe infectious diseases in aquaculture. Given that antiviral therapies are currently limitedly available, vaccination remains the most effective means for the prevention of viral diseases, such as GCRV. A reovirus strain, which was temporarily named GCRV-HN14, was recently isolated from grass carp in Henan province, China. The S11 gene fragment of GCRV-HN14 was speculated to encode viral structural protein VP35, which has no equivalent gene in other aquareviruses but has antigenic epitopes. In this study, the recombinant plasmid pET-32a-vp35 was constructed to express recombinant VP35 proteins in prokaryotic cells, which was used to create a novel subunit vaccine. The immune protection of recombinant VP35 protein was evaluated by a series of experiments in grass carp. Results showed that the number of white blood cells (WBC) in the peripheral blood increased significantly to 7.92 ± 0.72 × 107/ml 5 days after vaccination (P < 0.05). The number of neutrophils and monocytes in WBC were significantly higher than those of the control 3 days after vaccination (P < 0.05) and maximally got to 12.22 ± 1.28% and 18.70 ± 1.78%, respectively. Owing to the significant increase in the number of lymphocytes (92.37 ± 2.10%; P < 0.01), the percentages of neutrophils and monocytes declined significantly (14 dpi; P < 0.01). Serum antibody levels induced by recombinant VP35 protein significantly increased 7 days post immunization and continued to increase until 5 weeks post vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of type I interferon (designated as IFN1), immunoglobulin M, Toll-like receptor 22 and major histocompatibility complex class I were up-regulated significantly in the head kidneys and spleens of immunized fish (P < 0.01). Grass carp immunized by recombinant VP35 protein showed that the relative percentage of survival was about 60% after it was challenged with GCRV. Overall, the results suggested that recombinant VP35 protein can induce immunity and protect grass carp against GCRV infection. Thus, it can be used as a subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chao Pei
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Nguyen HT, Nguyen TTT, Wang YT, Wang PC, Chen SC. Effectiveness of formalin-killed vaccines containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1668 adjuvants against Vibrio harveyi in orange-spotted grouper. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 68:124-131. [PMID: 28698120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is a major bacterial pathogen that causes serious vibriosis in cultured groupers, leading to massive deaths. In this study, we evaluated the immune responses and protective efficacy of vaccines containing V. harveyi formalin-killed cells (FKC) formulated with CpG ODN 1668-enriched plasmids (p30CpG and p60CpG) in the orange-spotted grouper. Results indicated that antibody titres were remarkably increased in vaccinated fish 2 weeks post-immunisation. Expression level of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD 8, and toll-like receptor 9 was significantly upregulated in the spleen of fish immunised with CpG ODN 1668-adjuvanted vaccines, as recorded at 6 weeks after immunisation. Additionally, the FKC + p60CpG-vaccinated fish displayed greater mRNA levels of MHC I and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Of note, the relative percent survival after V. harveyi challenge was significantly higher in FKC + p60CpG-vaccinated fish (96.2%) than in FKC + p30CpG-vaccinated (79.8%) and FKC-vaccinated fish (59.9%). These results demonstrate that the FKC + CpG ODN 1668 vaccines are promising candidates that could enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses, conferred remarkable protection, and CpG ODN 1668 is a potential adjuvant for vaccines against V. harveyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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7
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Nguyen TTT, Nguyen HT, Wang PC, Chen SC. Identification and expression analysis of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-8, in cobia (Rachycentron canadum L.) in response to Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 67:159-171. [PMID: 28600195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) play pivotal roles in mediating inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. In this study, we identified and analyzed expressions of cobia TNF-α and IL-8 during Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. The cloned cDNA transcript of cobia TNF-α comprised of 1281 base pairs (bp), with a 774 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 257 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of cobia TNF-α showed a close relationship (84% similarity) with TNF-α of yellowtail amberjack. The cloned IL-8 cDNA sequence was 828 bp long, including a 300-bp ORF encoding 99 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of cobia IL-8 shared 90% identity with IL-8 of striped trumpeter. Cobia challenged with a virulent S. dysgalactiae strain displayed an early significant up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-8 in head kidney, liver, and spleen. Notably, IL-8 expression level increased dramatically in the liver at the severe stage of infection (72 h). In conclusion, a better understanding of TNF-α and IL-8 allows more detailed investigation of immune responses in cobia and furthers study on controlling the infectious disease caused by S. dysgalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Nguyen HT, Thu Nguyen TT, Tsai MA, Ya-Zhen E, Wang PC, Chen SC. A formalin-inactivated vaccine provides good protection against Vibrio harveyi infection in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 65:118-126. [PMID: 28419854 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is one of the most common threats to farmed grouper, so considerable efforts are in practice to control the pathogen. This study presents a highly effective vaccine against V. harveyi in the orange-spotted grouper with the help of a single intraperitoneal immunization. The vaccine candidate was in form of whole, formalin-inactivated V. harveyi cells combined with a metabolizable ISA763 AVG adjuvant. Our results indicated that the vaccine triggered a remarkably higher expression level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the groupers' kidneys and spleens, as recorded after 1 and 3 days of immunization. Antibody titers were significantly elevated in the vaccinated fish. A pivotal observation was that the vaccine highly protected the grouper from a homologous V. harveyi strain challenge with relative percentage survival values of 100% and 91.7% at 6 and 12 weeks post-immunization, respectively. Vaccinated fish also demonstrated strong cross-protection against a heterologous bacterial isolate challenge. Therefore, the inactivated V. harveyi vaccine is a promising candidate that could stimulate good immune responses and confer remarkable protection in farmed groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-An Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - E Ya-Zhen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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9
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Fukushima HCS, Leal CAG, Cavalcante RB, Figueiredo HCP, Arijo S, Moriñigo MA, Ishikawa M, Borra RC, Ranzani-Paiva MJT. Lactococcus garvieae outbreaks in Brazilian farms Lactococcosis in Pseudoplatystoma sp. - development of an autogenous vaccine as a control strategy. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:263-272. [PMID: 27457188 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the control of streptococcosis outbreaks in Brazil, isolated from diseased sorubim and identified as Lactococcus garvieae by genetic sequencing. This report determined the potential for lactococcosis control in sorubim Pseudoplatystoma sp. with two vaccines: an aqueous-based, whole-cell inactivated vaccine (bacterin) and an oil-adjuvanted bacterin. Their efficacy was evaluated at 30 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.) by challenge with L. garvieae, and the antibody production response at 15, 30 and 60 d.p.v. and the non-specific immune response were compared amongst treatments. High protection levels (P < 0.05) were achieved with the oil-adjuvanted vaccine with a relative percentage survival value of 81.7% at 30 d.p.v. Additionally, the oil-adjuvanted vaccine increased the immunogenicity of the bacterin as indicated by greater agglutination antibody titres from 15 until 60 d.p.v. This is the first report of a positive effect of vaccine administration on the specific immunity of sorubim, and the study showed that a specific antibody plays an important role in sorubim defence against lactococcosis because the innate immune responses were similar in all of the studied animals. These results demonstrated that oil-adjuvanted vaccine can be an effective alternative for the protection of sorubim from L. garvieae disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C S Fukushima
- Aquaculture Center, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - C A G Leal
- AQUAVET, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - H C P Figueiredo
- AQUAVET, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - S Arijo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Ishikawa
- EMBRAPA-Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - R C Borra
- Genetic and Evolution Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Kirubakaran CJW, Subramani PA, Michael RD. Methanol extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis seeds enhances non-specific immune responses and protects Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:243-8. [PMID: 27033940 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulation using medicinal plant extracts is a promising approach for prevention and control of diseases with reference to sustainable fish farming. Oreochromis mossambicus, dubbed as aquatic chicken is a cultured fish worldwide and a laboratory model organism. Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major bacterial pathogens in fish farming that causes huge loss to aquaculture industries. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of methanol extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis seeds on disease resistance of O. mossambicus against live virulent A. hydrophila. We also investigated its effect on the non-specific immune parameters such as serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, antiprotease and specific immune parameters in terms of specific serum antibody titres assayed by bacterial agglutination test. Our studies indicate that intra-peritoneal administration of 20mg/kg methanol extract increases the Relative Percent Survival (RPS) of O. mossambicus challenged with LD80 of A. hydrophila. Further, both non-specific and specific immune parameters were enhanced by the methanol extract. Further experiments at molecular levels in the laboratory and also efficacy testing at field level are essential before applying this plant product in aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C John Wesly Kirubakaran
- Quality Control Microbiology, Human Biologicals Institute, National Dairy Development Board, The Nilgiris-643007, India
| | | | - R Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India.
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