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Masuda R, Ohira N, Kitaguchi K, Yabe T. Novel role of homogalacturonan region of pectin in disrupting the interaction between fibronectin and integrin β1. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122122. [PMID: 38670769 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Pectin interacts with fibronectin (FN), a modular protein in the extracellular matrix. This interaction is significant as FN plays a pivotal role by binding to the receptor integrin α5β1. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the pectin-FN interaction and its impact on integrin binding remains unknown. In this study, water-soluble pectins (WSPs) were extracted from three different pectin sources and subsequently characterized. These included Citrus WSP, which primarily comprises the homogalacturonan region, and Kaki and Yuzu WSPs, both of which are rich in rhamnogalacturonan regions. We investigated the molecular interactions between these WSPs and two FN fragments, Anastellin and RetroNectin, using surface plasmon resonance analysis. Citrus WSP exhibited a notable binding affinity to FN, with a dissociation constant (KD) of approximately 10-7 M. In contrast, Kaki and Yuzu WSPs displayed comparatively weaker or negligible binding affinities. The binding reactivity of Citrus WSP with FN was notably diminished following the enzymatic removal of its methyl-ester groups. Additionally, Citrus WSP disrupted the binding of integrin β1 to RetroNectin without altering the affinity, despite its minimal direct binding to integrin itself. This study furthers our understanding of the intricate pectin-FN interaction and sheds light on their potential physiological relevance and impact on cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Masuda
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Natsuho Ohira
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Preemptive Food Research Center (PFRC), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomio Yabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Preemptive Food Research Center (PFRC), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Wu L, Zhang X, Zhao J, Yang M, Yang J, Qiu P. The therapeutic effects of marine sulfated polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129269. [PMID: 38211917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Marine sulfated polysaccharide (MSP) is a natural high molecular polysaccharide containing sulfate groups, which widely exists in various marine organisms. The sources determine structural variabilities of MSPs which have high security and wide biological activities, such as anticoagulation, antitumor, antivirus, immune regulation, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant, etc. Due to the structural similarities between MSP and endogenous heparan sulfate, a majority of studies have shown that MSP can be used to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vivo and in vitro. In this paper, we reviewed the anti-DN activities, the dominant mechanisms and structure-activity relationship of MSPs in order to provide the overall scene of MSPs as a modality of treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Menglin Yang
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Qiao Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Yang Y, Li H, Li M, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhang T. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics to study Tuina reverses capsule fibrosis in frozen shoulder: a research report based on rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:661. [PMID: 38182704 PMCID: PMC10770356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common disorder often treated with Tuina, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We employed proteomics and phosphoproteomics to investigate the mechanisms associated with the treatment of capsule fibrosis in FS rats. We used a method composed of three weeks of cast immobilization to establish a model of FS. We then administered Tuina once daily for 14 days, evaluated glenohumeral range of motion (ROM), assessed histological changes, and identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) using proteomics and phosphoproteomics. This study demonstrated that Tuina could improve glenohumeral ROM and reserve capsule fibrosis in FS rats. Proteomics revealed proteins regulated by Tuina belonging to the PI3K-AKT and ECM receptor interaction signaling pathways. Phosphoproteomics detected differentially phosphorylated proteins regulated by Tuina to be enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. The combination of proteomics and phosphoproteomics for Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of Myh3 and Srsf1 with a node degree larger than the average degree were considered the central regulatory protein modulated by Tuina to reverse capsule fibrosis. Thbs1, Vtn, and Tenascin-W were significantly enriched in PI3K-AKT and ECM receptor interaction signaling pathways and highly expressed in model rats. Tuina resulted in reduced expression of these proteins. Our findings demonstrated some of mechanisms behind the reversal of FS capsule fibrosis following Tuina, a scientific medical therapy for FS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- Special Education and Rehabilitation College, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Huadong Li
- Department of Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Muzhen Li
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shidong Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Dai H, Xu L, Jiang M, Zhang W, Han Q. Comparative proteomic analysis of the protein profile in the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis associated with skin ulceration syndrome. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 144:109265. [PMID: 38040138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) is becoming a severe problem in the breeding and culturing process of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis. However, limited knowledge is available about the occurrence of this devastating disease. In this study, proteomic analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the biological pathways enriched in SUS-diseased S. pharaonis. Both the healthy group and diseased group were analyzed in triplicate, with 4 cuttlefish in each replicate. The results showed that 85 DEPs were identified between the two groups, including 36 upregulated proteins and 49 downregulated proteins in the diseased group compared to the healthy group. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly enriched in cellular component organization or biogenesis, nucleus and ion binding processes. The results of the KEGG pathway analysis indicated that extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction was the most enriched upregulated pathway. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to identify the expression of two differentially expressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and the results showed that the mRNA expression of MMP14 and MMP19 was significantly upregulated in the skin tissue of the diseased group. Furthermore, the protease activity of the diseased group was higher than that of the healthy group. Our results offer basic knowledge on the changes in protein profiles during the occurrence of SUS in the cuttlefish S. pharaonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Dai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Liting Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Maowang Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China
| | - Qingxi Han
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Gu T, Xu S, Wang J, Zhu X. Anti-Liver Fibrosis Role of miRNA-96-5p via Targeting FN1 and Inhibiting ECM-Receptor Interaction Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6840-6855. [PMID: 36943602 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of mRNAs participates in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. However, the precise mechanisms regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the functions about differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) in liver fibrosis and their regulatory mechanisms. The DEMs datasets about hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) obtained from hepatic fibrosis mice versus HSCs obtained from normal mice were downloaded from the GEO database (GSE120281). According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the GSE120281 datasets, ECM-receptor interaction was the most significant enrichment pathway that was correlated with hepatic fibrosis, and the fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene was upregulated most significantly in the signaling pathway. Downregulation of the expression of the FN1 gene by transfecting with FN1-siRNA alleviated the activity of HSCs. Four different bioinformatics web-based tools were used to predict that microRNA-96-5p (miR-96-5p) would directly target FN1, and a luciferase assay further confirmed this. Moreover, miR-96-5p was declined in activated HSCs and FN1, whereas laminin γ1 (LAMC1), collagen 1α1 (COL1A1) in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway, and the fibrosis marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) could be reduced by upregulation of the miRNA. Additionally, miR-96-5p expression was low in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice. Increased miR-96-5p expression alleviated liver fibrosis, improved liver function, and inhibited the expression of α-SMA, FN1, COL1A1, and LAMC1. In conclusion, this study indicated that upregulation of miR-96-5p could reduce HSC activation and relieve hepatic fibrosis by restraining the FN1/ECM-receptor interaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Tengfei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Lianshui County, Huaian, 223400, China
| | - Sanrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Affiliated Yancheng First Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China.
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Gao H, Zhang H, Yuan X, Lin X, Zou J, Yu N, Liu Z. Knockdown of the salivary protein gene NlG14 caused displacement of the lateral oviduct secreted components and inhibited ovulation in Nilaparvata lugens. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010704. [PMID: 37011098 PMCID: PMC10101634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays important roles in insect feeding, but its roles in insect reproduction were rarely reported. Here we reported that the knockdown of a salivary gland-specific gene NlG14 disrupted the reproduction through inhibiting the ovulation of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), one of the most devastating rice pests in Asia. NlG14 knockdown caused the displacement of the lateral oviduct secreted components (LOSC), leading to the ovulation disorder and the accumulation of mature eggs in the ovary. The RNAi-treated females laid much less eggs than their control counterparts, though they had the similar oviposition behavior on rice stems as controls. NlG14 protein was not secreted into the hemolymph, indicating an indirect effect of NlG14 knockdown on BPH reproduction. NlG14 knockdown caused the malformation of A-follicle of the principal gland and affected the underlying endocrine mechanism of salivary glands. NlG14 reduction might promote the secretion of insulin-like peptides NlILP1 and NlILP3 from the brain, which up-regulated the expression of Nllaminin gene and then caused the abnormal contraction of lateral oviduct muscle. Another explanation was NlG14 reduction disrupted the ecdysone biosynthesis and action through the insulin-PI3K-Akt signaling in ovary. Altogether, this study indicated that the salivary gland specific protein NlG14 indirectly mediated BPH ovulation process, which established a connexon in function between insect salivary gland and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoli Gao
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Yuan
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Xumin Lin
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzheng Zou
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
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Zhang X, Chao P, Zhang L, Xu L, Cui X, Wang S, Wusiman M, Jiang H, Lu C. Single-cell RNA and transcriptome sequencing profiles identify immune-associated key genes in the development of diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1030198. [PMID: 37063851 PMCID: PMC10091903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThere is a growing public concern about diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which poses a severe threat to human health and life. It is important to discover noninvasive and sensitive immune-associated biomarkers that can be used to predict DKD development. ScRNA-seq and transcriptome sequencing were performed here to identify cell types and key genes associated with DKD.MethodsHere, this study conducted the analysis through five microarray datasets of DKD (GSE131882, GSE1009, GSE30528, GSE96804, and GSE104948) from gene expression omnibus (GEO). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (GSE131882) by using CellMarker and CellPhoneDB on public datasets to identify the specific cell types and cell-cell interaction networks related to DKD. DEGs were identified from four datasets (GSE1009, GSE30528, GSE96804, and GSE104948). The regulatory relationship between DKD-related characters and genes was evaluated by using WGCNA analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) datasets were applied to define the enrichment of each term. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration between DKD and the control group was identified by using the “pheatmap” package, and the connection Matrix between the core genes and immune cell or function was illuminated through the “corrplot” package. Furthermore, RcisTarget and GSEA were conducted on public datasets for the analysis of the regulation relationship of key genes and it revealed the correlation between 3 key genes and top the 20 genetic factors involved in DKD. Finally, the expression of key genes between patients with 35 DKD and 35 healthy controls were examined by ELISA, and the relationship between the development of DKD rate and hub gene plasma levels was assessed in a cohort of 35 DKD patients. In addition, we carried out immunohistochemistry and western blot to verify the expression of three key genes in the kidney tissue samples we obtained.ResultsThere were 8 cell types between DKD and the control group, and the number of connections between macrophages and other cells was higher than that of the other seven cell groups. We identified 356 different expression genes (DEGs) from the RNA-seq, which are enriched in urogenital system development, kidney development, platelet alpha granule, and glycosaminoglycan binding pathways. And WGCNA was conducted to construct 13 gene modules. The highest correlations module is related to the regulation of cell adhesion, positive regulation of locomotion, PI3K-Akt, gamma response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and E2F target signaling pathway. Then we overlapped the DEGs, WGCNA, and scRNA-seq, SLIT3, PDE1A and CFH were screened as the closely related genes to DKD. In addition, the findings of immunological infiltration revealed a remarkable positive link between T cells gamma delta, Macrophages M2, resting mast cells, and the three critical genes SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH. Neutrophils were considerably negatively connected with the three key genes. Comparatively to healthy controls, DKD patients showed high levels of SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH. Despite this, higher SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH were associated with an end point rate based on a median follow-up of 2.6 years. And with the gradual deterioration of DKD, the expression of SLIT3, PDE1A, and CFH gradually increased.ConclusionsThe 3 immune-associated genes could be used as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of DKD. Additionally, we found new pathogenic mechanisms associated with immune cells in DKD, which might lead to therapeutic targets against these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Chao
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinyue Cui
- Department of Nephropathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Miiriban Wusiman
- Department of Nephropathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Nephrology Clinical Research Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Lu, ; Hong Jiang,
| | - Chen Lu
- Nephrology Clinical Research Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Lu, ; Hong Jiang,
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Hu Z, Liu X. Integration of Transcriptomics and Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals the Underlying Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Development in Duck during Embryonic Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5214. [PMID: 36982289 PMCID: PMC10049352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an important economic trait in duck breeding; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its embryonic development. Here, the transcriptomes and metabolomes of breast muscle of Pekin duck from 15 (E15_BM), 21 (E21_BM), and 27 (E27_BM) days of incubation were compared and analyzed. The metabolome results showed that the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including the up-regulated metabolites, l-glutamic acid, n-acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid, l-2-aminoadipic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, bilirubin, and the significantly down-regulated metabolites, palmitic acid, 4-guanidinobutanoate, myristic acid, 3-dehydroxycarnitine, and s-adenosylmethioninamine, were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of cofactors, protein digestion and absorption, and histidine metabolism, suggesting that these pathways may play important roles in the muscle development of duck during the embryonic stage. Moreover, a total of 2142 (1552 up-regulated and 590 down-regulated), 4873 (3810 up-regulated and 1063 down-regulated), and 2401 (1606 up-regulated and 795 down-regulated) DEGs were identified from E15_BM vs. E21_BM, E15_BM vs. E27_BM and E21_BM vs. E27_BM in the transcriptome, respectively. The significantly enriched GO terms from biological processes were positive regulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell cycle, actin filament organization, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization, which were associated with muscle or cell growth and development. Seven significant pathways, highly enriched by FYN, PTK2, PXN, CRK, CRKL, PAK, RHOA, ROCK, INSR, PDPK1, and ARHGEF, were focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, wnt signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, cell cycle, and adherens junction, which participated in regulating the development of skeletal muscle in Pekin duck during the embryonic stage. KEGG pathway analysis of the integrated transcriptome and metabolome indicated that the pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, and histidine metabolism, were involved in regulating skeletal muscle development in embryonic Pekin duck. These findings suggested that the candidate genes and metabolites involved in crucial biological pathways may regulate muscle development in the Pekin duck at the embryonic stage, and increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the avian muscle development.
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Boschiero C, Gao Y, Baldwin RL, Ma L, Li CJ, Liu GE. Butyrate Induces Modifications of the CTCF-Binding Landscape in Cattle Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091177. [PMID: 36139015 PMCID: PMC9496099 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is produced in the rumen from microbial fermentation and is related to several functions, including cell differentiation and proliferation. Butyrate supplementation in calves can accelerate rumen development. DNA-protein interactions, such as the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), play essential roles in chromatin organization and gene expression regulation. Although CTCF-binding sites have been identified recently in cattle, a deeper characterization, including differentially CTCF-binding sites (DCBS), is vital for a better understanding of butyrate’s role in the chromatin landscape. This study aimed to identify CTCF-binding regions and DCBS under a butyrate-induced condition using ChIP-seq in bovine cells; 61,915 CTCF peaks were identified in the butyrate and 51,347 in the control. From these regions, 2265 DCBS were obtained for the butyrate vs. control comparison, comprising ~90% of induced sites. Most of the butyrate DCBS were in distal intergenic regions, showing a potential role as insulators. Gene ontology enrichment showed crucial terms for the induced DCBS, mainly related to cellular proliferation, cell adhesion, and growth regulation. Interestingly, the ECM-receptor interaction pathway was observed for the induced DCBS. Motif enrichment analysis further identified transcription factors, including CTCF, BORIS, TGIF2, and ZIC3. When DCBS was integrated with RNA-seq data, putative genes were identified for the repressed DCBS, including GATA4. Our study revealed promising candidate genes in bovine cells by a butyrate-induced condition that might be related to the regulation of rumen development, such as integrins, keratins, and collagens. These results provide a better understanding of the function of butyrate in cattle rumen development and chromatin landscape regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Boschiero
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yahui Gao
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ransom L. Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Cong-jun Li
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Correspondence: (C.-j.L.); (G.E.L.); Tel.: +1-301-504-7216 (C.-j.L.); +1-301-504-9843 (G.E.L.); Fax: +1-301-504-8414 (C.-j.L. & G.E.L.)
| | - George E. Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Correspondence: (C.-j.L.); (G.E.L.); Tel.: +1-301-504-7216 (C.-j.L.); +1-301-504-9843 (G.E.L.); Fax: +1-301-504-8414 (C.-j.L. & G.E.L.)
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10
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Geun Lee H, Jayawardena TU, Liyanage NM, Song KM, Choi YS, Jeon YJ, Kang MC. Antioxidant potential of low molecular weight fucoidans from Sargassum autumnale against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress in vitro and in zebrafish models based on molecular weight changes. Food Chem 2022; 384:132591. [PMID: 35413773 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential antioxidant abilities of low-molecular weight fucoidans from enzyme-assisted hydrolysates of Sargassum autumnale, based on molecular weight changes, in vitro and in vivo. The yield and free radical-scavenging activities of enzyme-assisted hydrolysates of S. autumnale were screened. The protamex-assisted hydrolysate of S. autumnale (SAP) presented the highest yield and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity; therefore, it was chosen for fucoidan purification. Three fucoidan fractions were observed in SAP, and their antioxidant activity was assessed. Fucoidan fraction 3 of protamex-assisted hydrolysate of S. autumnale (SAPF3) offered significant protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and was structurally and physically similar to commercial fucoidan. Fucose and low-molecular weight fucoidans were highly concentrated in SAPF3. The results of our study show that SAPF3, a low-molecular weight fucoidan from S. autumnale, possesses strong antioxidant properties and may be an effective alternative to antioxidant agents in the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - N M Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Deng Z, Wang J, Wu N, Geng L, Zhang Q, Yue Y. Co-activating the AMPK signaling axis by low molecular weight fucoidan LF2 and fucoxanthin improves the HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. J Funct Foods 2022; 94:105119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Cai L, Zou Y, Xu Y, Li H, Xie S, Zhu X, Zheng W. Toxocara canis Infection Alters mRNA Expression Profiles of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Beagle Dogs at the Lung Infection Period. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1517. [PMID: 35739856 PMCID: PMC9219457 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxocariasis is one of the most neglected zoonoses in the world. Toxocara canis is the main pathogen causing toxocariasis in humans and animals, threatening public health. To date, the mechanism by which the larvae of T. canis escape the attack of immune cells in the blood is still poorly understood. Using RNA-seq technology, the transcriptional alterations of Beagle dog peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between the presence and absence of T. canis infection were analyzed during the lung infection period, and 1066 upregulated genes and 1076 downregulated genes were identified (padj < 0.05 and |log2 (FoldChange)| > 1). In addition, many immune- or inflammation-related GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways were significantly altered during T. canis infection by GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. The present study revealed that T. canis infection can alter the mRNA profiles of PBMCs in Beagle dogs during the lung infection period, which has important implications for a better understanding of the interaction mechanism between T. canis and host immune cells. Abstract Toxocara canis is a neglected zoonotic roundworm distributed all over the world, causing toxocariasis in humans and animals. However, so far, the immune mechanism of T. canis infection in definitive hosts remains to be clarified. In this study, the transcriptional alterations of Beagle dogs’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced by T. canis infection during the lung infection period were analyzed using RNA-seq technology. A total of 2142 differentially expressed genes were identified, with 1066 upregulated genes and 1076 downregulated genes. Many differentially expressed genes participated in the biological process of intracellular signal transduction, as well as the immune- or inflammation-related KEGG signaling pathway, such as the Notch signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway, through KEGG enrichment analysis. This study indicated that T. canis infection could suppress the biological function of Beagle dogs’ PMBCs and provided basic data to further clarify the interaction mechanism between T. canis and host immune cells.
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13
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Liang D, Yu C, Ma Z, Yang X, Li Z, Dong X, Qin X, Du L, Li M. Identification of anthelmintic parbendazole as a therapeutic molecule for HNSCC through connectivity map-based drug repositioning. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2429-2442. [PMID: 35646536 PMCID: PMC9136614 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common human cancers; however, its outcome of pharmacotherapy is always very limited. Herein, we performed a batch query in the connectivity map (cMap) based on bioinformatics, queried out 35 compounds with therapeutic potential, and screened out parbendazole as a most promising compound, which had an excellent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HNSCC cell lines. In addition, tubulin was identified as a primary target of parbendazole, and the direct binding between them was further verified. Parbendazole was further proved as an effective tubulin polymerization inhibitor, which can block the cell cycle, cause apoptosis and prevent cell migration, and it exhibited reasonable therapeutic effect and low toxicity in the in vivo and in vitro anti-tumor evaluation. Our study repositioned an anthelmintic parbendazole to treat HNSCC, which revealed a therapeutic utility and provided a new treatment option for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xingye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xuhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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14
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Liu C, Chen L, Zhang K, Li J, Guan S. Tailoring ZE21B Alloy with Nature-Inspired Extracellular Matrix Secreted by Micro-Patterned Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells to Promote Surface Biocompatibility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3180. [PMID: 35328601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed surface endothelialization is a bottleneck that restricts the further application of cardiovascular stents. It has been reported that the nature-inspired extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by the hyaluronic acid (HA) micro-patterned smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC) can significantly promote surface endothelialization. However, this ECM coating obtained by decellularized method (dECM) is difficult to obtain directly on the surface of degradable magnesium (Mg) alloy. In this study, the method of obtaining bionic dECM by micro-patterning SMC/EC was further improved, and the nature-inspired ECM was prepared onto the Mg-Zn-Y-Nd (ZE21B) alloy surface by self-assembly. The results showed that the ECM coating not only improved surface endothelialization of ZE21B alloy, but also presented better blood compatibility, anti-hyperplasia, and anti-inflammation functions. The innovation and significance of the study is to overcome the disadvantage of traditional dECM coating and further expand the application of dECM coating to the surface of degradable materials and materials with different shapes.
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15
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Oldak L, Lukaszewski Z, Gorodkiewicz E. Studies of interactions between fibronectin and a specific antibody against fibronectin using SPRi and QCM. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Fu H, Shan D, Li J, Swallah MS, Yang X, Ji L, Wang S, Gong H, Lyu B, Yu H. Potential functionality of β-conglycinin with subunit deficiencies: soy protein may regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:12291-12302. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02869g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were used to reveal the impact of subunit-deficient β-conglycinin on cell proliferation, cell adipogenesis, and proteomic expression, and to gain insight into the potential of subunit-deficient β-conglycinin's functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dandan Shan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
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Deng Z, Wu N, Wang J, Geng L, Yue Y, Wang F, Zhang Q. Low molecular weight fucoidan fraction LF2 improves metabolic syndrome via up-regulating PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis and increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:789-98. [PMID: 34743939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition of a variety of metabolic abnormalities, which requires more urgent treatment and intervention. Fucoidan has been recommended as a supplement for health enhancement and disease management. Here, we first propose that the beneficial effect of low molecular weight fucoidan fraction LF2 in regulating metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet is similar to that of metformin, in terms of molecular mechanism and gut microbiota. The study found that LF2 significantly reduces fasting blood glucose, enhances insulin sensitivity and restores insulin homeostasis and lipid homeostasis. Moreover, LF2 reduced liver oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved hepatocyte steatosis. To decipher the mechanism behind this therapeutic effect, both the molecular mechanisms and gut microbiota were further analyzed. LF2 inhibited the activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and PPARγ in liver. Interestingly, we found that LF2 and metformin have similar effects on gut microbiota, increasing the proportion of Verrucomicrobia and enriching the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, which is beneficial to host health. Collectively, our research clarifies the new application of fucoidan as a functional food for anti-MetS, and provides a new insight for fucoidan to exert systemic therapeutic effects from the perspective of molecular mechanism and gut microbiota.
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Chernikov OV, Chiu H, Li L, Kokoulin MS, Molchanova VI, Hsu H, Ho C, Hua K. Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharides from the Coral Pseudopterogorgia americana in Macrophages. Cells 2021; 10:3531. [PMID: 34944043 PMCID: PMC8700520 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from marine organisms produce an important regulatory effect on the mammalian immune system. In this study, the immunomodulatory properties of a polysaccharide that was isolated from the coral Pseudopterogorgia americana (PPA) were investigated. PPA increased the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), but not inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide, in macrophages. A mechanistic study revealed that PPA activated macrophages through the toll-like receptor-4 and induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C (PKC)-α, PKC-δ and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and activated NF-κB. The inhibition of ROS and knockdown of PKC-α reduced PPA-mediated TNF-α and IL-6 expression; however, the knockdown of PKC-δ significantly increased PPA-mediated TNF-α expression. In addition, the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1/2 and NF-κB reduced PPA-mediated TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2 expression. Furthermore, the inhibition of ROS, MAPK and PKC-α/δ reduced PPA-mediated NF-κB activation, indicating that ROS, MAPK and PKC-α/δ function as upstream signals of NF-κB. Finally, PPA treatment decreased the phagocytosis activity of macrophages and reduced cytokine expression in bacteria-infected macrophages. Taken together, our current findings suggest that PPA can potentially play a role in the development of immune modulators in the future.
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19
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Li Y, Xu Y, Hou Y, Li R. Construction and Bioinformatics Analysis of the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Healthc Eng 2021; 2021:8161701. [PMID: 34840704 PMCID: PMC8616647 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8161701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miRNA) has been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence, development, and prevention of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Objective With the help of the GEO database, bioinformatics methods are used to explore the miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationship pairs related to diabetic nephropathy and explain their potential mechanisms of action. Methods The DN-related miRNA microarray dataset (GSE51674) and mRNA expression dataset (GSE30122) are downloaded through the GEO database, online analysis tool GEO2R is used for data differential expression analysis, TargetScan, miRTarBase, and miRDB databases are used to predict potential downstream target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs, and intersection with differential genes is used to obtain candidate target genes. According to the regulatory relationship between miRNA and mRNA, the miRNA-mRNA relationship pair is clarified, and the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network is constructed using Cytoscape. DAVID is used to perform GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of candidate target genes. By GeneMANIA prediction of miRNA target genes and coexpressed genes, the protein interaction network is constructed. Results and Conclusions. A total of 67 differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in the experiment, of which 42 were upregulated and 25 were downregulated; a total of 448 differentially expressed mRNAs were screened, of which 93 were upregulated and 355 were downregulated. Using TargetScan, miRTarBase, and miRDB databases to predict downstream targets of differentially expressed miRNAs, 2283 downstream target genes coexisting in 3 databases were predicted to intersect with differentially expressed mRNAs to obtain 96 candidate target genes. Finally, 44 miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs consisting of 12 differentially expressed miRNAs and 27 differentially expressed mRNAs were screened out; further analysis showed that miRNA regulatory network genes may participate in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy through PI3K/Akt, ECM-receptor interaction pathway, and RAS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yukun Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Yawei Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
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20
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Liu J, Wu S, Cheng Y, Liu Q, Su L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wu M, Choi JI, Tong H. Sargassum fusiforme Alginate Relieves Hyperglycemia and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2887. [PMID: 34445047 PMCID: PMC8398017 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme alginate (SF-Alg) possess many pharmacological activities, including hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic. However, the hypoglycemic mechanisms of SF-Alg remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of SF-Alg on high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice. SF-Alg intervention was found to significantly reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and improving glucose tolerance. In addition, administrating SF-Alg to diabetic mice moderately attenuated pathological changes in adipose, hepatic, and heart tissues as well as skeletal muscle, and diminished oxidative stress. To probe the underlying mechanisms, we further analyzed the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, as well as metabolites by non-targeted metabolomics. Here, SF-Alg significantly increased some benign bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Akkermansia Alloprevotella, Weissella and Enterorhabdus), and significantly decreased harmful bacteria (Turicibacter and Helicobacter). Meanwhile, SF-Alg dramatically decreased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in the colon of T2D mice, suggesting a positive benefit of SF-Alg as an adjvant agent for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Siya Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Yang Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Qiuhui Liu
- Bestchrom (Shanghai) Biosciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China;
| | - Laijin Su
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jong-il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (Y.C.); (L.S.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
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21
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Han N, Zhang YY, Zhang ZM, Zhang F, Zeng TY, Zhang YB, Zhao WC. High expression of PDGFA predicts poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25932. [PMID: 34011067 PMCID: PMC8137088 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA), the most known member of PDGF family, plays a crucial role in occurrence and progression of different tumors. However, PDGFA expression and its clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are not clear. The present study aimed to assess the expression and prognostic value of PDGFA in ESCC.The Gene Expression Omnibus databases (GSE53625, GSE23400, and GSE67269) and fresh clinical samples were employed for detecting PDGFA messenger RNA expression in ESCC. The associations of PDGFA expression with clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated by chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to determine the prognostic value of PDGFA in ESCC patients. PDGFA-related signaling pathways were defined by gene set enrichment analysis based on Gene Expression Omnibus databases.The PDGFA messenger RNA expression was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with paired adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < .05) and was positively correlated with T stage (P < .05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that ESCC patients with high PDGFA expression were associated with poorer overall survival compared to those with low PDGFA expression (P < .05), especially in advanced T stage (P < .05). Cox analyses showed that high expression of PDGFA was an independent predictor for poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis identified 3 signaling pathways (extracellular matrix receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis chondroitin sulfate) that were enriched in PDGFA high expression phenotype (all P < .01).PDGFA may serve as an oncogene in ESCC and represent an independent molecular biomarker for prognosis of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Han
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Zhong-Mian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | | | | | - Wen-Chao Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Wu L, Li O, Zhu F, Wang X, Chen P, Cai G, Chen X, Hong Q. Krϋppel-like factor 15 suppresses renal glomerular mesangial cell proliferation via enhancing P53 SUMO1 conjugation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5691-5706. [PMID: 33949114 PMCID: PMC8184688 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is a key pathological feature in a number of common human renal diseases, including mesangial proliferative nephritis and diabetic nephropathies. Knowledge of MC responses to pathological stimuli is crucial to the understanding of these disease processes. We previously determined that Krϋppel‐like factor 15 (KLF15), a kidney‐enriched zinc‐finger transcription factor, was required for inhibition of MC proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the direct target gene and the underlying mechanism by which KLF15 regulated mesangial proliferation. First, we screened small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1 (SUMO1) as the direct transcriptional target of KLF15 and validated this finding with ChIP‐PCR and luciferase assays. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpressing KLF15 or SUMO1 enhanced the stability of P53, which blocked the cell cycle of human renal MCs (HRMCs) and therefore abolished cell proliferation. Conversely, knockdown of SUMO1 in HRMCs, even those overexpressed with KLF15, could not inhibit HRMC proliferation rates and increase SUMOylation of P53. Finally, the results showed that the levels of SUMOylated P53 in the kidney cortices of anti‐Thy 1 model rats were decreased during proliferation periods. These findings reveal the critical mechanism by which KLF15 targets SUMO1 to mediate the proliferation of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ou Li
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Fengge Zhu
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of NephrologyFirst Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA Institute of NephrologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Zhang N, Zhou Q, Fan D, Xiao J, Zhao Y, Cheng KW, Wang M. Novel roles of hydrocolloids in foods: Inhibition of toxic maillard reaction products formation and attenuation of their harmful effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wen Y, Gao L, Zhou H, Ai C, Huang X, Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhao C. Opportunities and challenges of algal fucoidan for diabetes management. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 111:628-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hsiao HH, Wu TC, Tsai YH, Kuo CH, Huang RH, Hong YH, Huang CY. Effect of Oversulfation on the Composition, Structure, and In Vitro Anti-Lung Cancer Activity of Fucoidans Extracted from Sargassum aquifolium. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:215. [PMID: 33921340 PMCID: PMC8069878 DOI: 10.3390/md19040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been undertaken in the fields of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of lung cancer. Fucoidans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which are dependent on the degree of sulfation, sulfation pattern, glycosidic branches, and molecular weight of fucoidan. The determination of oversulfation of fucoidan and its effect on anti-lung cancer activity and related signaling cascades is challenging. In this investigation, we used a previously developed fucoidan (SCA), which served as a native fucoidan, to generate two oversulfated fucoidan derivatives (SCA-S1 and SCA-S2). SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 showed differences in compositions and had the characteristic structural features of fucoidan by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The anticancer properties of SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 against human lung carcinoma A-549 cells were analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, Bcl-2 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression of caspase-3, cytochrome c release, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and the underlying signaling cascades. Our findings indicate that the oversulfation of fucoidan promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells and the mechanism may involve the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Further in vivo research is needed to establish the precise mechanism whereby oversulfated fucoidan mitigates the progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chiu Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Ren-Han Huang
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Emergency Department, No. 92, Sec. 2, Zhongshan North Rd., Taipei City 10449, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, Yanchao Campus, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (C.-H.K.)
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Liu C, Hu C, Li J, Jiang L, Zhao C. Identification of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related lncRNAs that Associated With the Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:633951. [PMID: 33898515 PMCID: PMC8059639 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.633951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumorigenicity, but the role of EMT-related lncRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Methods: The clinical data and gene expression profile of CRC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differential expression analysis, Cox regression model, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to study the relationship between EMT-related lncRNAs and the prognosis of CRC. Functional analysis and unsupervised clustering analysis were performed to explore the influence of certain lncRNAs on CRC. Finally, Cytoscape was used to construct mRNA-lncRNA networks. Results: Two signatures incorporating six and ten EMT-related lncRNAs were constructed for predicting the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. The results of the functional analysis suggested that the P53 and ECM-receptor pathways affect the prognosis of CRC, and AL591178.1 is a key prognostic EMT-related lncRNA, which is negatively related to immune cells, P53 pathway, and ECM-receptor pathway. Conclusion: Six OS-related and ten DFS-related EMT-related lncRNAs were correlated with the prognosis of CRC by potentially affecting the immune microenvironment, and AL591178.1 plays a key role as a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Graduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqing Jiang
- Graduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengliang Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chen YC, Cheng CY, Liu CT, Sue YM, Chen TH, Hsu YH, Huang NJ, Chen CH. Combined protective effects of oligo-fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and L-carnitine on the kidneys of chronic kidney disease mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 892:173708. [PMID: 33152336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common global progressive disease, but there are no ideal drugs for the treatment. Fucoidan and fucoxanthin, and L-carnitine are one of the very few natural products that have a therapeutic effect on CKD in animal experiments. However, the combined effects of these compounds on CKD are unknown. We established a mouse CKD model by right nephrectomy with transient ischemic injury to the left kidney. Oligo-fucoidan and fucoidan were extracted from Laminaria japonica. We fed CKD mice with the two compounds and L-carnitine to evaluate the combined effects on CKD. Oligo-fucoidan and fucoidan inhibited renal fibrosis and reduced serum creatine in CKD mice to a greater extent than any single compound. L-carnitine had no measurable effect on renal fibrosis but promoted the protective effect of the mixture of oligo-fucoidan and fucoidan on renal function in CKD mice. In the two-month safety test, the combined mixture further improved renal function and did not elevate serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in CKD mice. Furthermore, the weights of CKD mice treated with the combination increased to the normal level. We also found that all oligo-fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and L-carnitine inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis and activated Akt in rat renal tubular cells. Our results confirm that oligo-fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and L-carnitine have a combined protective effect on the kidneys. The combined mixture may be beneficial for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Te Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Mou Sue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jen Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei, Taiwan.
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28
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Shao F, Zhang B, Wang Z, Li X. Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Can Inhibit the Fibrosis of Diabetic Kidneys by Regulating the Kidney Lipid Metabolism. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7618166. [PMID: 34869779 PMCID: PMC8635909 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7618166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a diabetic kidney disease model was established by placing the test rats on a high-sugar/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin induction. Histopathological examination (H&E, Masson, and PASM stain) showed pathological changes in the diabetic rat kidneys, in addition to fibrotic symptoms and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses indicated that the diabetic condition significantly increased the expressions of fibrotic markers including collagen, α-SMA, and fibronectin. The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were also increased in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rat blood, while the level of high-density lipoprotein was decreased. The results of Oil red O staining experiments indicated that the kidneys of diabetic rats exhibited appreciable fat deposition, with high contents of triglyceride and cholesterol. To inhibit fibrosis and reduce fat deposition, low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) may be used. Based on PCR and western blot analyses, LMWF can regulate the expression levels of important lipid metabolism regulators, thereby impeding the development of kidney fibrosis. Through the vitro model, it also be indicated that LMWF could inhibit fibrosis process through regulating lipid metabolism which induced by palmitic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yanlei Sun
- Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Fengli Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Wu S, Yang W, Cheng C, Lin K, Sampurna BP, Chan S, Yuh C. Low molecular weight fucoidan inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in zebrafish via ASGR/STAT3/HNF4A signaling. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e252. [PMID: 33377648 PMCID: PMC7752165 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality currently lacks effective therapeutics. Fucoidan is sulfated polysaccharide that is mainly found in brown seaweeds. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of low molecular weight fucoidan (i.e. oligo-fucoidan [OF]) preventing hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS We used [HBx,src], [HBx,src,p53-/+ ], and [CD36] transgenic zebrafish liver cancer model treated with OF, and performed molecular and histopathological analysis. Transcriptomic and pathways analysis was performed. RESULTS Decreased expression of lipogenic enzymes, fibrosis markers, and cell cycle/proliferation markers by OF in [HBx,src] and [HBx,src,p53-/+ ] transgenic fish. Liver fibrosis was decreased as revealed by Sirius Red staining, and the liver cancer formation was eventually reduced by feeding OF. OF was also found to be capable of reducing lipid accumulation and cancer formation in non-B non-C Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in CD36 transgenic zebrafish. Whole-genome expression analysis showed that 661 genes were up-regulated, and 451 genes were downregulated by feeding OF. Upregulated genes were mostly found in protein transporter activity, and downregulated genes were enriched with response to extracellular stimulus and metal binding in gene ontology analysis. The driver gene was HNF4A revealed by NetworkAnalyst from OF differential regulated genes at various insults. OF is able to bind the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) in hepatoma cells, and increased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in both hepatoma cells and [HBx,src,p53-/+ ] transgenic fish liver cancer model. Using chromatin-immunoprecipitation, we found pSTAT3 could associate with the P1 promoter of HNF4A. Knockdown of either ASGR or HNF4A reversed OF mediated anti-cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we provide evidence that OF exhibits the anti-HCC, anti-steatosis, and anti-fibrosis effect for liver in zebrafish models, and the anti-cancer potential of OF attributed to the binding to ASGR and activation of STAT3/HNF4A signaling. OF might be potentially valuable for the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu‐Yuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan
- Big Data Center, Lo‐Hsu Medical FoundationLotung Poh‐Ai HospitalYilan26546Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo‐Hsu Medical FoundationLotung Poh‐Ai HospitalYilan26546Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Business AdministrationFu Jen Catholic UniversityTaipei24205Taiwan
| | - Wan‐Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunan35053Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Chia Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunan35053Taiwan
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological ResearchChang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaoyuan33302Taiwan
| | - Kuan‐Hao Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunan35053Taiwan
| | | | - Suat‐Ming Chan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunan35053Taiwan
| | - Chiou‐Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstitutesZhunan35053Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural BiologyNational Tsing‐Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science & TechnologyNational Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung80708Taiwan
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Chen X, Li W, Li X. Transcriptome sequencing reveals aerobic exercise training-associated lncRNAs for improving Parkinson's disease. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:498. [PMID: 33150124 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) on the performance of mice with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to explore the molecular mechanism of AET-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PD treatment. The results showed that the behaviors of PD mice were significantly improved after 4 weeks of AET. The substantia nigra pars compacta of PD mice showed scattered large multipolar cells and surrounding neutrophils after AET. In addition, a total of 62 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified between the AET group and the PD group, including 55 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated DE-lncRNAs in the AET group. Furthermore, the target genes of DE-lncRNAs, including LOC102633466, LOC102637865, and LOC102638670, were mainly involved in ECM-receptor interaction, the Wnt pathway and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that these three DE-lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the AET group than in the PD group. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network suggested that these 3 DE-lncRNAs may improve PD via the ceRNA mechanism. In conclusion, this study suggests that aerobic exercise improves motor performance of PD mice and provides a foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in treating PD.
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Pradhan B, Patra S, Nayak R, Behera C, Dash SR, Nayak S, Sahu BB, Bhutia SK, Jena M. Multifunctional role of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides in human health and disease: A journey under the sea in pursuit of potent therapeutic agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4263-4278. [PMID: 32916197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a complex polysaccharide (molecular weight 10,000-100,000 Da) derived from brown algae which comprises of L-fucose and sulfate groups have potential as therapeutic diligences against several human diseases. The fucoidan has expanded a widespread range of pharmacological properties as an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-adhesive, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral and anti-neurodegenerative agents owing to their diverse chemical conformation and potent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of the fucoidan contribute towards their disease preventive potency through dynamic modulation of key intracellular signalling pathways, regulation of ROS accumulation, and maintenance of principal cell survival and death pathways. Additionally, it also reduces cancer-associated cachexia. Despite the wide range of therapeutic potency, the fucoidan is heavily regarded as an unexplored plethora of druggable entities in the current situation. The isolation, screening, biological application, pre-clinical, and clinical assessment along with large scale cost-effective production remain a foremost task to be assessed. Moreover, the chemical synthesis of the present bioactive drug with confirmational rearrangement for enhanced availability and bioactivity also need tenacious investigation. Hence, in the present review, we give attention to the source of isolation of fucoidan, their principle strategic deployment in disease prevention, and the mechanistic investigation of how it works to combat different diseases that can be used for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Dash
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Sneha Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Binod Bihari Sahu
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India.
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Lu R, Chen J, Liu B, Lin H, Bai L, Zhang P, Chen D, Li H, Li J, Pang Y, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Wu J. Protective role of Astragaloside IV in chronic glomerulonephritis by activating autophagy through PI3K/AKT/AS160 pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3236-3248. [PMID: 32726508 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV(AS-IV), a saponin purified from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms in treating chronic glomerular nephritis (CGN) have not been fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential mechanism of AS-IV on CGN. CGN rats were administrated with AS-IV at 10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 (ASL) and 20 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 (ASH). Twenty four hour proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were performed to evaluate the kidney lesion. Transmission electron microscope and GFP-RFP-LC3 transfection assay were used to monitor the effect of AS-IV on autophagy. IL-6 and IL-1β were detected. The expression of CyclinD1, PI3K/AKT/AS160 pathway and autophagy related proteins were detected by Western Blot. The results demonstrated that AS-IV improved kidney function, ameliorated kidney lesion, and diminished inflammatory in CGN rats. Further, both in vivo and vitro study demonstrated that AS-IV inhibited the proliferation of mesangial cells. AS-IV further displayed a remarkable effect on inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/AS160 pathway and improved the activation of autophagy in vivo and vitro. These results suggested that AS-IV is a potential therapeutic agent for CGN and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peichun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jicheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Wu TC, Hong YH, Tsai YH, Hsieh SL, Huang RH, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Degradation of Sargassum crassifolium Fucoidan by Ascorbic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide, and Compositional, Structural, and In Vitro Anti-Lung Cancer Analyses of the Degradation Products. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E334. [PMID: 32604764 PMCID: PMC7345171 DOI: 10.3390/md18060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans possess multiple biological functions including anti-cancer activity. Moreover, low-molecular-weight fucoidans are reported to possess more bioactivities than native fucoidans. In the present study, a native fucoidan (SC) was extracted from Sargassum crassifolium pretreated by single-screw extrusion, and three degraded fucoidans, namely, SCA (degradation of SC by ascorbic acid), SCH (degradation of SC by hydrogen peroxide), and SCAH (degradation of SC by ascorbic acid + hydrogen peroxide), were produced. The extrusion pretreatment can increase the extraction yield of fucoidan by approximately 4.2-fold as compared to the non-extruded sample. Among SC, SCA, SCH, and SCAH, the chemical compositions varied but structural features were similar. SC, SCA, SCH, and SCAH showed apoptotic effects on human lung carcinoma A-549 cells, as illustrated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) expression, increased cytochrome c release, increased active caspase-9 and -3, and increased late apoptosis of A-549 cells. In general, SCA was found to exhibit high cytotoxicity to A-549 cells and a strong ability to suppress Bcl-2 expression. SCA also showed high efficacy to induce cytochrome c release, activate caspase-9 and -3, and promote late apoptosis of A-549 cells. Therefore, our data suggest that SCA could have an adjuvant therapeutic potential in the treatment of lung cancer. Additionally, we explored that the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved in SC-, SCA-, SCH-, and SCAH-induced apoptosis of A-549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Chiu Wu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University (Yanchao Campus), No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Ren-Han Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi District, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (S.-L.H.)
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