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Ishiguro H, Ushiki T, Honda A, Yoshimatsu Y, Ohashi R, Okuda S, Kawasaki A, Cho K, Tamura S, Suwabe T, Katagiri T, Ling Y, Iijima A, Mikami T, Kitagawa H, Uemura A, Sango K, Masuko M, Igarashi M, Sone H. Reduced chondroitin sulfate content prevents diabetic neuropathy through transforming growth factor-β signaling suppression. iScience 2024; 27:109528. [PMID: 38595797 PMCID: PMC11002665 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is one of the most important extracellular matrix components and is known to interact with various diffusible factors; however, its role in DN pathology has not been examined. Therefore, we generated CSGalNAc-T1 knockout (T1KO) mice, in which CS levels were reduced. We demonstrated that diabetic T1KO mice were much more resistant to DN than diabetic wild-type (WT) mice. We also found that interactions between pericytes and vascular endothelial cells were more stable in T1KO mice. Among the RNA-seq results, we focused on the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway and found that the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 was less upregulated in T1KO mice than in WT mice under hyperglycemic conditions. Taken together, a reduction in CS level attenuates DN progression, indicating that CS is an important factor in DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ishiguro
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushiki
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Departments of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuko Honda
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Center for Research Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Divisions of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaori Cho
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
| | - Suguru Tamura
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suwabe
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katagiri
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yiwei Ling
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Iijima
- Neurophysiology & Biomedical Engineering Lab, Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Assistive Technology and Art and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Masuko
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, , Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Departments of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata university, Niigata, Japan
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Nakajima C, Sawada M, Umeda E, Takagi Y, Nakashima N, Kuboyama K, Kaneko N, Yamamoto S, Nakamura H, Shimada N, Nakamura K, Matsuno K, Uesugi S, Vepřek NA, Küllmer F, Nasufović V, Uchiyama H, Nakada M, Otsuka Y, Ito Y, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM, Ohno N, Arndt HD, Trauner D, Tabata Y, Igarashi M, Sawamoto K. Identification of the growth cone as a probe and driver of neuronal migration in the injured brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1877. [PMID: 38461182 PMCID: PMC10924819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Axonal growth cones mediate axonal guidance and growth regulation. We show that migrating neurons in mice possess a growth cone at the tip of their leading process, similar to that of axons, in terms of the cytoskeletal dynamics and functional responsivity through protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type sigma (PTPσ). Migrating-neuron growth cones respond to chondroitin sulfate (CS) through PTPσ and collapse, which leads to inhibition of neuronal migration. In the presence of CS, the growth cones can revert to their extended morphology when their leading filopodia interact with heparan sulfate (HS), thus re-enabling neuronal migration. Implantation of an HS-containing biomaterial in the CS-rich injured cortex promotes the extension of the growth cone and improve the migration and regeneration of neurons, thereby enabling functional recovery. Thus, the growth cone of migrating neurons is responsive to extracellular environments and acts as a primary regulator of neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nakajima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Erika Umeda
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuma Takagi
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Norihiko Nakashima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuboyama
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Laboratory of Neuronal Regeneration, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Satoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Haruno Nakamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimada
- Research and Development Center, The Japan Wool Textile Co., Ltd., Kobe, 675-0053, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nakamura
- Medical Device Department, Nikke Medical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0048, Japan
| | - Kumiko Matsuno
- Research and Development Center, The Japan Wool Textile Co., Ltd., Kobe, 675-0053, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shoji Uesugi
- Medical Device Department, Nikke Medical Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0048, Japan
| | - Nynke A Vepřek
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Florian Küllmer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Veselin Nasufović
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | | | | | - Yuji Otsuka
- Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, 520-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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Hani T, Fujita K, Kudo T, Taya Y, Sato K, Soeno Y. Tissue-Targeted Transcriptomics Reveals SEMA3D Control of Hypoglossal Nerve Projection to Mouse Tongue Primordia. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2024; 57:35-46. [PMID: 38463205 PMCID: PMC10918430 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse hypoglossal nerve originates in the occipital motor nuclei at embryonic day (E)10.5 and projects a long distance, reaching the vicinity of the tongue primordia, the lateral lingual swellings, at E11.5. However, the details of how the hypoglossal nerve correctly projects to the primordia are poorly understood. To investigate the molecular basis of hypoglossal nerve elongation, we used a novel transcriptomic approach using the ROKU method. The ROKU algorithm identified 3825 genes specific for lateral lingual swellings at E11.5, of which 34 genes were predicted to be involved in axon guidance. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis-assisted enrichment revealed activation of the semaphorin signaling pathway during tongue development, and quantitative PCR showed that the expressions of Sema3d and Nrp1 in this pathway peaked at E11.5. Immunohistochemistry detected NRP1 in the hypoglossal nerve and SEMA3D as tiny granules in the extracellular space beneath the epithelium of the tongue primordia and in lateral and anterior regions of the mandibular arch. Fewer SEMA3D granules were localized around hypoglossal nerve axons and in the space where they elongated. In developing tongue primordia, tissue-specific regulation of SEMA3D might control the route of hypoglossal nerve projection via its repulsive effect on NRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Hani
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujita
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Kudo
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Soeno
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Hai L, Hoffmann DC, Wagener RJ, Azorin DD, Hausmann D, Xie R, Huppertz MC, Hiblot J, Sievers P, Heuer S, Ito J, Cebulla G, Kourtesakis A, Kaulen LD, Ratliff M, Mandelbaum H, Jung E, Jabali A, Horschitz S, Ernst KJ, Reibold D, Warnken U, Venkataramani V, Will R, Suvà ML, Herold-Mende C, Sahm F, Winkler F, Schlesner M, Wick W, Kessler T. A clinically applicable connectivity signature for glioblastoma includes the tumor network driver CHI3L1. Nat Commun 2024; 15:968. [PMID: 38320988 PMCID: PMC10847113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor microtubes (TMs) connect glioma cells to a network with considerable relevance for tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, the determination of TM-interconnectivity in individual tumors is challenging and the impact on patient survival unresolved. Here, we establish a connectivity signature from single-cell RNA-sequenced (scRNA-Seq) xenografted primary glioblastoma (GB) cells using a dye uptake methodology, and validate it with recording of cellular calcium epochs and clinical correlations. Astrocyte-like and mesenchymal-like GB cells have the highest connectivity signature scores in scRNA-sequenced patient-derived xenografts and patient samples. In large GB cohorts, TM-network connectivity correlates with the mesenchymal subtype and dismal patient survival. CHI3L1 gene expression serves as a robust molecular marker of connectivity and functionally influences TM networks. The connectivity signature allows insights into brain tumor biology, provides a proof-of-principle that tumor cell TM-connectivity is relevant for patients' prognosis, and serves as a robust prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hai
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk C Hoffmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin J Wagener
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Azorin
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hausmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruifan Xie
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus-Carsten Huppertz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Sievers
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, DKTK, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophie Heuer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Ito
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gina Cebulla
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandros Kourtesakis
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon D Kaulen
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henriette Mandelbaum
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Jung
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ammar Jabali
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Horschitz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research, Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kati J Ernst
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, DKTK, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denise Reibold
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, DKTK, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, DKTK, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Faculty of Applied Computer Science and Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lasham DJ, Arta RK, Hadi AF, Egawa J, Lemmon VP, Takasugi T, Igarashi M, Someya T. Effects of MAP4K inhibition on neurite outgrowth. Mol Brain 2023; 16:79. [PMID: 37980537 PMCID: PMC10656890 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are responsible for protein phosphorylation and are involved in important intracellular signal transduction pathways in various cells, including neurons; however, a considerable number of poorly characterized kinases may be involved in neuronal development. Here, we considered mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks), related to as candidate regulators of neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, by examining the effects of a selective MAP4K inhibitor PF06260933. PF06260933 treatments of the cultured neurons reduced neurite lengths, not the number of synapses, and phosphorylation of GAP43 and JNK, relative to the control. These results suggest that MAP4Ks are physiologically involved in normal neuronal development and that the resultant impaired neurite outgrowth by diminished MAP4Ks' activity, is related to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ja Lasham
- Departments of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Reza K Arta
- Departments of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Abdul Fuad Hadi
- Departments of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Takasugi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Departments of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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6
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Hashimoto S, Nagoshi N, Shinozaki M, Nakanishi K, Suematsu Y, Shibata T, Kawai M, Kitagawa T, Ago K, Kamata Y, Yasutake K, Koya I, Ando Y, Minoda A, Shindo T, Shibata S, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. Microenvironmental modulation in tandem with human stem cell transplantation enhances functional recovery after chronic complete spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122002. [PMID: 36736008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
While rapid advancements in regenerative medicine strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) have been made, most research in this field has focused on the early stages of incomplete injury. However, the majority of patients experience chronic severe injury; therefore, treatments for these situations are fundamentally important. Here, we hypothesized that environmental modulation via a clinically relevant hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-releasing scaffold and human iPS cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs) transplantation contributes to functional recovery after chronic complete transection SCI. Effective release of HGF from a collagen scaffold induced progressive axonal elongation and increased grafted cell viability by activating microglia/macrophages and meningeal cells, inhibiting inflammation, reducing scar formation, and enhancing vascularization. Furthermore, hNS/PCs transplantation enhanced endogenous neuronal regrowth, the extension of graft axons, and the formation of circuits around the lesion and lumbar enlargement between host and graft neurons, resulting in the restoration of locomotor and urinary function. This study presents an effective therapeutic strategy for severe chronic SCI and provides evidence for the feasibility of regenerative medicine strategies using clinically relevant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Suematsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Momotaro Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ago
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasutake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikuko Koya
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Ando
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Aki Minoda
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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7
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Muramatsu K, Niimi N, Ikutomo M, Shimo S, Tamaki T, Niwa M, Sango K. Motor skills training-induced activation of descending pathways mediating cortical command to hindlimb motoneurons in experimental diabetic rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114357. [PMID: 36849002 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes disrupts the corticospinal tract (CST) system components that control hindlimb and trunk movement, resulting in weakness of the lower extremities. However, there is no information about a method to improve these disorders. This study aimed to investigate the rehabilitative effects of 2 weeks of aerobic training (AT) and complex motor skills training (ST) on motor disorders in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. In this study, electrophysiological mapping of the motor cortex showed that the diabetes mellitus (DM)-ST group had a larger motor cortical area compared to the DM-AT group and sedentary diabetic animals. Moreover, hand grip strength and rotarod latency increased in the DM-ST group; however, these two parameters did not change in the DM-AT group, as well as in control and sedentary diabetic rats. Furthermore, in the DM-ST group, cortical stimulation-induced and motor-evoked potentials were preserved after the interception of the CST; however, this potential disappeared after additional lesions were made on lateral funiculus, suggesting that their function extends to activating motor descending pathways other than the CST locating lateral funiculus. According to immunohistochemical analysis, the larger fibers present on the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus, which corresponds to the rubrospinal tract of the DM-ST group, expressed the phosphorylated growth-associated protein, 43 kD, which is a specific marker of axons with plastic changes. Additionally, electrical stimulation of the red nucleus revealed expansion of the hindlimb-responsible area and increased motor-evoked potentials of the hindlimb in the DM-ST group, suggesting a strengthening of synaptic connections between the red nucleus and spinal interneurons driving motoneurons. These results reveal that ST induces plastic changes in the rubrospinal tract in a diabetic model, which can compensate for diabetes by disrupting the CST system components that control the hindlimb. This finding suggests that ST can be a novel rehabilitation strategy to improve motor dysfunctions in diabetic patients.
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8
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Razmara P, Pyle GG. Impact of Copper Nanoparticles and Copper Ions on Transcripts Involved in Neural Repair Mechanisms in Rainbow Trout Olfactory Mucosa. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 84:18-31. [PMID: 36525054 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory mucosa is well known for its lifelong ability for regeneration. Regeneration of neurons and regrowth of severed axons are the most common neural repair mechanisms in olfactory mucosa. Nonetheless, exposure to neurotoxic contaminants, such as copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and copper ions (Cu2+), may alter the reparative capacity of olfactory mucosa. Here, using RNA-sequencing, we investigated the molecular basis of neural repair mechanisms that were affected by CuNPs and Cu2+ in rainbow trout olfactory mucosa. The transcript profile of olfactory mucosa suggested that regeneration of neurons was inhibited by CuNPs. Exposure to CuNPs reduced the transcript abundances of pro-inflammatory proteins which are required to initiate neuroregeneration. Moreover, the transcript of genes encoding regeneration promoters, including canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins and developmental transcription factors, were downregulated in the CuNP-treated fish. The mRNA levels of genes regulating axonal regrowth, including the growth-promoting signals secreted from olfactory ensheathing cells, were mainly increased in the CuNP treatment. However, the reduced transcript abundances of a few cell adhesion molecules and neural polarity genes may restrict axonogenesis in the CuNP-exposed olfactory mucosa. In the Cu2+-treated olfactory mucosa, both neural repair strategies were initiated at the transcript level. The stimulation of repair mechanisms can lead to the recovery of Cu2+-induced olfactory dysfunction. These results indicated CuNPs and Cu2+ differentially affected the neural repair mechanism in olfactory mucosa. Exposure to CuNP had greater effects on the expression of genes involved in olfactory repair mechanisms relative to Cu2+ and dysregulated the transcripts associated with stem cell proliferation and neural reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Razmara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Gregory G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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9
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Ishijima T, Nakajima K. Changes of signaling molecules in the axotomized rat facial nucleus. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Yan N, Shi XL, Tang LQ, Wang DF, Li X, Liu C, Liu ZP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of thieno[3,2- c]pyrazol-3-amine derivatives as potent glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1724-1736. [PMID: 35698879 PMCID: PMC9225722 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2086867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) catalyses the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. A series of novel thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-3-amine derivatives were designed and synthesised and evaluated as potential GSK-3β inhibitors by structure-guided drug rational design approach. The thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-3-amine derivative 16b was identified as a potent GSK-3β inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 nM in vitro and showed accepted kinase selectivity. In cell levels, 16b showed no toxicity on the viability of SH-SY5Y cells at the concentration up to 50 μM and targeted GSK-3β with the increased phosphorylated GSK-3β at Ser9. Western blot analysis indicated that 16b decreased the phosphorylated tau at Ser396 in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, 16b effectively increased expressions of β-catenin as well as the GAP43, N-myc, and MAP-2, and promoted the differentiated neuronal neurite outgrowth. Therefore, the thieno[3,2-c]pyrazol-3-amine derivative 16b could serve as a promising GSK-3β inhibitor for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Long-Qian Tang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - De-Feng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xun Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhao-Peng Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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11
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Martin ER, Gandawijaya J, Oguro-Ando A. A novel method for generating glutamatergic SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells utilizing B-27 supplement. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943627. [PMID: 36339621 PMCID: PMC9630362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line is widely used in neuroscience research as a neuronal cell model. Following differentiation to a neuron-like state, SH-SY5Y cells become more morphologically similar to neurons and form functional synapses. Previous studies have managed to differentiate SH-SY5Y cells towards cholinergic, dopaminergic and adrenergic fates. However, their application in disease modeling remains limited as other neuronal subtypes (e.g., glutamatergic, GABAergic) are also implicated in neurological disorders, and no current protocols exist to generate these subtypes of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Our study aimed to evaluate the use of a xeno-free version of B-27, a supplement commonly used in neuronal culture, for SH-SY5Y maintenance and differentiation. To evaluate the proliferative capacity of SH-SY5Y cells cultured in B-27, we performed growth curve analyses, immunocytochemical staining for Ki-67 and qRT-PCR to track changes in cell cycle progression. SH-SY5Y cells cultured in FBS or under serum-starved conditions were used as controls. We observed that SH-SY5Y cells show reduced growth and proliferation rates accompanied by decreased CDK6 and CDK1 expression following 4-day exposure to B-27, suggesting B-27 induces a quiescent state in SH-SY5Y cells. Importantly, this reduced growth rate was not due to increased apoptosis. As cell cycle exit is associated with differentiation, we next sought to determine the fate of SH-SY5Y cells cultured in B-27. B-27-cultured SH-SY5Y cells show changes in cell morphology, adopting pyramidal shapes and extending neurites, and upregulation of neuronal differentiation markers (GAP43, TUBB3, and SYP). B-27-cultured SH-SY5Y cells also show increased expression of glutamatergic markers (GLUL and GLS). These findings suggest that B-27 may be a non-toxic inducer of glutamatergic SH-SY5Y differentiation. Our study demonstrates a novel way of using B-27 to obtain populations of glutamatergic SH-SY5Y cells. As dysregulated glutamatergic signaling is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, the capability to generate glutamatergic neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells creates endless disease modeling opportunities. The ease of SH-SY5Y culture allows researchers to generate large-scale cultures for high-throughput pharmacological or toxicity studies. Also compatible with the growing popularity of animal-component-free studies, this xeno-free B-27/SH-SY5Y culture system will be a valuable tool to boost the translational potential of preliminary studies requiring glutamatergic neuronal cells of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily-Rose Martin
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Josan Gandawijaya
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Asami Oguro-Ando
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Huynh QS, Elangovan S, Holsinger RMD. Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911037. [PMID: 36232336 PMCID: PMC9570337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a growing global crisis in need of urgent diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The current treatment strategy mostly involves immunotherapeutic medications that have had little success in halting disease progress. Hypotheses for pathogenesis and development of AD have been expanded to implicate both organ systems as well as cellular reactions. Non-pharmacologic interventions ranging from minimally to deeply invasive have attempted to address these diverse contributors to AD. In this review, we aim to delineate mechanisms underlying such interventions while attempting to provide explanatory links between the observed differences in disease states and postulated metabolic or structural mechanisms of change. The techniques discussed are not an exhaustive list of non-pharmacological interventions against AD but provide a foundation to facilitate a deeper understanding of the area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy-Susan Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shalini Elangovan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-0876
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13
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Egawa J, Arta RK, Lemmon VP, Muños-Barrero M, Shi Y, Igarashi M, Someya T. The cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) inhibitor SGC-GAK-1 inhibits neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. Mol Brain 2022; 15:68. [PMID: 35883152 PMCID: PMC9327206 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are responsible for protein phosphorylation and are involved in important signal transduction pathways; however, a considerable number of poorly characterized kinases may be involved in neuronal development. Here, we considered cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) as a candidate regulator of neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis by examining the effects of the selective GAK inhibitor SGC-GAK-1. SGC-GAK-1 treatment of cultured neurons reduced neurite length and decreased synapse number and phosphorylation of neurofilament 200-kDa subunits relative to the control. In addition, the related kinase inhibitor erlotinib, which has distinct specificity and potency from SGC-GAK-1, had no effect on neurite growth, unlike SGC-GAK-1. These results suggest that GAK may be physiologically involved in normal neuronal development, and that decreased GAK function and the resultant impaired neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis may be related to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. .,Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Reza K Arta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Muños-Barrero
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi Dori-Ichibancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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14
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de Souza BJ, Mendes MA, Sperandio da Silva GM, Sammarco-Rosa P, de Moraes MO, Jardim MR, Sarno EN, Pinheiro RO, Mietto BS. Gene Expression Profile of Mycobacterium leprae Contribution in the Pathology of Leprosy Neuropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:861586. [PMID: 35492305 PMCID: PMC9051340 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.861586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is the main cause of physical disability in leprosy patients. Importantly, the extension and pattern of peripheral damage has been linked to how the host cell will respond against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection, in particular, how the pathogen will establish infection in Schwann cells. Interestingly, viable and dead M. leprae have been linked to neuropathology of leprosy by distinct mechanisms. While viable M. leprae promotes transcriptional modifications that allow the bacteria to survive through the use of the host cell's internal machinery and the subvert of host metabolites, components of the dead bacteria are associated with the generation of a harmful nerve microenvironment. Therefore, understanding the pathognomonic characteristics mediated by viable and dead M. leprae are essential for elucidating leprosy disease and its associated reactional episodes. Moreover, the impact of the viable and dead bacteria in Schwann cells is largely unknown and their gene signature profiling has, as yet, been poorly explored. In this study, we analyzed the early differences in the expression profile of genes involved in peripheral neuropathy, dedifferentiation and plasticity, neural regeneration, and inflammation in human Schwann cells challenged with viable and dead M. leprae. We substantiated our findings by analyzing this genetic profiling in human nerve biopsies of leprosy and non-leprosy patients, with accompanied histopathological analysis. We observed that viable and dead bacteria distinctly modulate Schwann cell genes, with emphasis to viable bacilli upregulating transcripts related to glial cell plasticity, dedifferentiation and anti-inflammatory profile, while dead bacteria affected genes involved in neuropathy and pro-inflammatory response. In addition, dead bacteria also upregulated genes associated with nerve support, which expression profile was similar to those obtained from leprosy nerve biopsies. These findings suggest that early exposure to viable and dead bacteria may provoke Schwann cells to behave differentially, with far-reaching implications for the ongoing neuropathy seen in leprosy patients, where a mixture of active and non-active bacteria are found in the nerve microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Abud Mendes
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Siqueira Mietto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno Siqueira Mietto
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15
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Okada M, Kawagoe Y, Takasugi T, Nozumi M, Ito Y, Fukusumi H, Kanemura Y, Fujii Y, Igarashi M. JNK1-Dependent Phosphorylation of GAP-43 Serine 142 is a Novel Molecular Marker for Axonal Growth. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2668-2682. [PMID: 35347634 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian axon growth has mechanistic similarities with axon regeneration. The growth cone is an important structure that is involved in both processes, and GAP-43 (growth associated protein-43 kDa) is believed to be the classical molecular marker. Previously, we used growth cone phosphoproteomics to demonstrate that S96 and T172 of GAP-43 in rodents are highly phosphorylated sites that are phosphorylated by c-jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). We also revealed that phosphorylated (p)S96 and pT172 antibodies recognize growing axons in the developing brain and regenerating axons in adult peripheral nerves. In rodents, S142 is another putative JNK-dependent phosphorylation site that is modified at a lower frequency than S96 and T172. Here, we characterized this site using a pS142-specific antibody. We confirmed that pS142 was detected by co-expressing mouse GAP-43 and JNK1. pS142 antibody labeled growth cones and growing axons in developing mouse neurons. pS142 was sustained until at least nine weeks after birth in mouse brains. The pS142 antibody could detect regenerating axons following sciatic nerve injury in adult mice. Comparison of amino acid sequences indicated that rodent S142 corresponds to human T151, which is predicted to be a substrate of the MAPK family, which includes JNK. Thus, we confirmed that the pS142 antibody recognized human phospho-GAP-43 using activated JNK1, and also that its immunostaining pattern in neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent cells was similar to those observed in mice. These results indicate that the S142 residue is phosphorylated by JNK1 and that the pS142 antibody is a new candidate molecular marker for axonal growth in both rodents and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawagoe
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takasugi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Fukusumi
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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16
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Mees I, Tran H, Roberts A, Lago L, Li S, Roberts BR, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals Extensive Protein Phosphorylation Dysregulation in the Cerebral Cortex of Huntington's Disease Mice Prior to Onset of Symptoms. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2456-2471. [PMID: 35083661 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays a role in many important cellular functions such as cellular plasticity, gene expression, and intracellular trafficking. All of these are dysregulated in Huntington's disease (HD), a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. However, no studies have yet found protein phosphorylation differences in preclinical HD mouse models. Our current study investigated changes occurring in the cortical phosphoproteome of 8-week-old (prior to motor deficits) and 20-week-old (fully symptomatic) R6/1 transgenic HD mice. When comparing 8-week-old HD mice with their wild-type (WT) littermates, we found 660 peptides differentially phosphorylated, which were mapped to 227 phosphoproteins. These proteins were mainly involved in synaptogenesis, cytoskeleton organization, axon development, and nervous system development. Tau protein, found hyperphosphorylated at multiple sites in early symptomatic HD mice, also appeared as a main upstream regulator for the changes observed. Surprisingly, we found fewer changes in the phosphorylation profile of HD mice at the fully symptomatic stage, with 29 peptides differentially phosphorylated compared to WT mice, mapped to 25 phosphoproteins. These proteins were involved in cAMP signaling, dendrite development, and microtubule binding. Furthermore, huntingtin protein appeared as an upstream regulator for the changes observed at the fully symptomatic stage, suggesting impacts on kinases and phosphatases that extend beyond the mutated polyglutamine tract. In summary, our findings show that the most extensive changes in the phosphorylation machinery appear at an early presymptomatic stage in HD pathogenesis and might constitute a new target for the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaline Mees
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Harvey Tran
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anne Roberts
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Larissa Lago
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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17
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Ariesta Shinta Dewi P, Sitompul R, Adiwinata Pawitan J, Naroeni A, Dewayani Antarianto R. Improvement of Corneal Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Rats Using Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Conditioned Medium. Int J Mol Cell Med 2022; 11:180-196. [PMID: 37605742 PMCID: PMC10440006 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.11.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) for corneal nerve regeneration in rats with diabetic keratopathy. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male diabetic (DM) rats (250-300 g) were divided into four groups (n=7/group): Control, DM, DM with WJSCs (DM+WJ), and DM with CM treatment (DM+CM). DM+WJ and DM+CM group received WJSCs or CM, respectively, topically with eye drops. Corneal sensibility, corneal epithelial layer integrity, histology, expression of GAP-43 and TUBB3 on mRNA level and their immunohistochemical expression were examined after two weeks of treatment. There were changes in corneal sensibility and corneal integrity between normal control and diabetic groups with/without WJSC or CM injection. Total central corneal thickness was significantly higher in DM+CM (249.81 ± 43.85 μm) than in control (174.72 ± 44.12 μm, P=0.004) and DM groups (190.15 ± 9.63 μm, P=0.03). GAP-43 mRNA expression levels of DM+WJ and DM+CM groups were higher compared with DM and control groups. TUBB3 mRNA level was increased after CM (P=0.047), but not after WJSCs treatment (P=1.00). GAP-43 and TUBB3 immunohistochemical expression of nerve fibers along the epithelial layer significantly increased in DM+WJ and DM+CM compared with DM group. Our findings showed that WJSCs and their CM improved corneal nerve regeneration in rats with diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitra Ariesta Shinta Dewi
- Doctoral Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Ratna Sitompul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering (SCTE) Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Aroem Naroeni
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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18
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Sánchez-Huertas C, Herrera E. With the Permission of Microtubules: An Updated Overview on Microtubule Function During Axon Pathfinding. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:759404. [PMID: 34924953 PMCID: PMC8675249 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.759404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the establishment of neural circuitry axons often need to cover long distances to reach remote targets. The stereotyped navigation of these axons defines the connectivity between brain regions and cellular subtypes. This chemotrophic guidance process mostly relies on the spatio-temporal expression patterns of extracellular proteins and the selective expression of their receptors in projection neurons. Axon guidance is stimulated by guidance proteins and implemented by neuronal traction forces at the growth cones, which engage local cytoskeleton regulators and cell adhesion proteins. Different layers of guidance signaling regulation, such as the cleavage and processing of receptors, the expression of co-receptors and a wide variety of intracellular cascades downstream of receptors activation, have been progressively unveiled. Also, in the last decades, the regulation of microtubule (MT) assembly, stability and interactions with the submembranous actin network in the growth cone have emerged as crucial effector mechanisms in axon pathfinding. In this review, we will delve into the intracellular signaling cascades downstream of guidance receptors that converge on the MT cytoskeleton of the growing axon. In particular, we will focus on the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) network responsible of MT dynamics in the axon and growth cone. Complementarily, we will discuss new evidences that connect defects in MT scaffold proteins, MAPs or MT-based motors and axon misrouting during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Huertas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
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19
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Fernandez-Parrilla MA, Reyes-Corona D, Flores-Martinez YM, Nadella R, Bannon MJ, Escobedo L, Maldonado-Berny M, Santoyo-Salazar J, Soto-Rojas LO, Luna-Herrera C, Ayala-Davila J, Gonzalez-Barrios JA, Flores G, Gutierrez-Castillo ME, Espadas-Alvarez AJ, Martínez-Dávila IA, Nava P, Martinez-Fong D. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor transfection in dopamine neurons using neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles reverses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:854-866. [PMID: 34472486 PMCID: PMC8530149 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.321001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of neurotrophic factors in nigral dopamine neurons is a promising approach to reverse neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system, a hallmark in Parkinson's disease. The human cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (hCDNF) has recently emerged as a strong candidate for Parkinson's disease therapy. This study shows that hCDNF expression in dopamine neurons using the neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticle system reverses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced morphological, biochemical, and behavioral alterations. Three independent electron microscopy techniques showed that the neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles containing the hCDNF gene, ranging in size from 20 to 150 nm, enabled the expression of a secretable hCDNF in vitro. Their injection in the substantia nigra compacta on day 21 after the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in detectable hCDNF in dopamine neurons, whose levels remained constant throughout the study in the substantia nigra compacta and striatum. Compared with the lesioned group, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) nigral cell population and TH+ fiber density rose in the substantia nigra compacta and striatum after hCDNF transfection. An increase in βIII-tubulin and growth-associated protein 43 phospho-S41 (GAP43p) followed TH+ cell recovery, as well as dopamine and its catabolite levels. Partial reversal (80%) of drug-activated circling behavior and full recovery of spontaneous motor and non-motor behavior were achieved. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor recovery in dopamine neurons that also occurred suggests its participation in the neurotrophic effects. These findings support the potential of nanoparticle-mediated hCDNF gene delivery to develop a disease-modifying treatment against Parkinson's disease. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados approved our experimental procedures for animal use (authorization No. 162-15) on June 9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Fernandez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Reyes-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yazmin M Flores-Martinez
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rasajna Nadella
- Department of Biosciences, IIIT-Srikakulam, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT), Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Michael J Bannon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lourdes Escobedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Minerva Maldonado-Berny
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Santoyo-Salazar
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis O Soto-Rojas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Edo. de México, México
| | - Claudia Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jose Ayala-Davila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan A Gonzalez-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "1° de Octubre", ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maria E Gutierrez-Castillo
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando J Espadas-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Irma A Martínez-Dávila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Programa de Nanociencias y nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
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20
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Seo TB, Jeon YA, Kim SS, Lee YJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Nobiletin on DRG Neurite Elongation and Axon Growth after Sciatic Nerve Injury. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8988. [PMID: 34501579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sciatic nerve injury (SNI) leads to sensory and motor dysfunctions. Nobiletin is a major component of polymethoxylated flavonoid extracted from citrus fruits. The role of nobiletin on sciatic nerve regeneration is still unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether nobiletin increases DRG neurite elongation and regeneration-related protein expression after SNI. Cytotoxicity of nobiletin was measured in a concentration–dependent manner using the MTT assay. For an in vitro primary cell culture, the sciatic nerve on the middle thigh was crushed by holding twice with forceps. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and Schwann cells were cultured 3 days after SNI and harvested 36 h later and 3 days later, respectively. In order to evaluate specific regeneration-related markers and axon growth in the injured sciatic nerve, we applied immunofluorescence staining and Western blot techniques. Nobiletin increased cell viability in human neuroblastoma cells and inhibited cytotoxicity induced by exposure to H2O2. Mean neurite length of DRG neurons was significantly increased in the nobiletin group at a dose of 50 and 100 μM compared to those at other concentrations. GAP-43, a specific marker for axonal regeneration, was enhanced in injury preconditioned Schwann cells with nobiletin treatment and nobiletin significantly upregulated it in injured sciatic nerve at only 3 days post crush (dpc). In addition, nobiletin dramatically facilitated axonal regrowth via activation of the BDNF-ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. These results should provide evidence to distinguish more accurately the biochemical mechanisms regarding nobiletin-activated sciatic nerve regeneration.
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21
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Benoit B, Baillet A, Poüs C. Cytoskeleton and Associated Proteins: Pleiotropic JNK Substrates and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8375. [PMID: 34445080 PMCID: PMC8395060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review extensively reports data from the literature concerning the complex relationships between the stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and the four main cytoskeleton elements, which are actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and septins. To a lesser extent, we also focused on the two membrane-associated cytoskeletons spectrin and ESCRT-III. We gather the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton-associated JNK activation and the known cytoskeleton-related substrates directly phosphorylated by JNK. We also point out specific locations of the JNK upstream regulators at cytoskeletal components. We finally compile available techniques and tools that could allow a better characterization of the interplay between the different types of cytoskeleton filaments upon JNK-mediated stress and during development. This overview may bring new important information for applied medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Biochimie-Hormonologie, AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Site Antoine Béclère, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France
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22
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Mast N, Petrov AM, Prendergast E, Bederman I, Pikuleva IA. Brain Acetyl-CoA Production and Phosphorylation of Cytoskeletal Proteins Are Targets of CYP46A1 Activity Modulation and Altered Sterol Flux. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2040-2060. [PMID: 34235635 PMCID: PMC8609074 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol and 24-hydroxycholesterol are the most abundant brain sterols and represent the substrate and product, respectively, of cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1), a CNS-specific enzyme. CYP46A1 controls cholesterol elimination and turnover in the brain, the two processes that determine the rate of brain sterol flux through the plasma membranes and thereby the properties of these membranes. Brain sterol flux is decreased in Cyp46a1-/- mice compared to wild-type mice and increased in 5XFAD mice (a model of Alzheimer's disease) when they are treated with a small dose of efavirenz, a CYP46A1 activator. Herein, we first assessed the brain proteome (synaptosomal fractions) and phospho-proteome (synaptosomal fractions and brain homogenates) of efavirenz-treated and control 5XFAD mice. Then, based on the pattern of protein abundance change, we conducted acetyl-CoA measurements (brain homogenates and mitochondria) and metabolic profiling (brain homogenates). The phospho-proteomics datasets were used for comparative analyses with the datasets obtained by us previously on mice with the same changes (efavirenz-treated and control 5XFAD mice from a different treatment paradigm) or with changes in the opposite direction (Cyp46a1-/- vs wild-type mice) in brain sterol flux. We found that CYP46A1 activity or the rate of brain sterol flux affects acetyl-CoA-related metabolic pathways as well as phosphorylation of cytoskeletal and other proteins. Knowledge of the key roles of acetyl-CoA and cytoskeletal phosphorylation in cell biology expands our understanding of the significance of CYP46A1-mediated cholesterol 24-hydroxylation in the brain and provides an additional explanation for why CYP46A1 activity modulations are beneficial in mouse models of different brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, 420012, Kazan, Russia
| | - Erin Prendergast
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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23
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Liu H, Xiong D, Pang R, Deng Q, Sun N, Zheng J, Liu J, Xiang W, Chen Z, Lu J, Wang W, Zhang A. Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on motor function and GAP43 and 5-HT expression in rats with spinal cord injury. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520970765. [PMID: 33356694 PMCID: PMC7783896 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520970765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling central nervous system disorder. This
study aimed to explore the effects of repetitive trans-spinal magnetic
stimulation (rTSMS) of different spinal cord segments on movement function
and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
expression in rats after acute SCI and to preliminarily discuss the optimal
rTSMS treatment site to provide a theoretical foundation and experimental
evidence for clinical application of rTSMS in SCI. Methods A rat T10 laminectomy SCI model produced by transient application of an
aneurysm clip was used in the study. The rats were divided into group A
(sham surgery), group B (acute SCI without stimulation), group C (T6 segment
stimulation), group D (T10 segment stimulation), and group E (L2 segment
stimulation). Results In vivo magnetic stimulation protected motor function, alleviated myelin
sheath damage, decreased NgR and Nogo-A expression levels, increased GAP43
and 5-HT expression levels, and inhibited terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells and apoptosis-related
protein expression in rats at 8 weeks after the surgery. Conclusions This study suggests that rTSMS can promote GAP43 and 5-HT expression and
axonal regeneration in the spinal cord, which is beneficial to motor
function recovery after acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Rizhao Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Deng
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Nianyi Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jinqi Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jiancheng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wu Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhesi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wenchun Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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24
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Bilchak JN, Caron G, Côté MP. Exercise-Induced Plasticity in Signaling Pathways Involved in Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094858. [PMID: 34064332 PMCID: PMC8124911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to numerous chronic and debilitating functional deficits that greatly affect quality of life. While many pharmacological interventions have been explored, the current unsurpassed therapy for most SCI sequalae is exercise. Exercise has an expansive influence on peripheral health and function, and by activating the relevant neural pathways, exercise also ameliorates numerous disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). While the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are still being delineated, major strides have been made in the past decade to understand the molecular underpinnings of this essential treatment. Exercise rapidly and prominently affects dendritic sprouting, synaptic connections, neurotransmitter production and regulation, and ionic homeostasis, with recent literature implicating an exercise-induced increase in neurotrophins as the cornerstone that binds many of these effects together. The field encompasses vast complexity, and as the data accumulate, disentangling these molecular pathways and how they interact will facilitate the optimization of intervention strategies and improve quality of life for individuals affected by SCI. This review describes the known molecular effects of exercise and how they alter the CNS to pacify the injury environment, increase neuronal survival and regeneration, restore normal neural excitability, create new functional circuits, and ultimately improve motor function following SCI.
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25
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Okada M, Kawagoe Y, Sato Y, Nozumi M, Ishikawa Y, Tamada A, Yamazaki H, Sekino Y, Kanemura Y, Shinmyo Y, Kawasaki H, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K, Fujii Y, Igarashi M. Phosphorylation of GAP-43 T172 is a molecular marker of growing axons in a wide range of mammals including primates. Mol Brain 2021; 14:66. [PMID: 33832520 PMCID: PMC8034164 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GAP-43 is a vertebrate neuron-specific protein and that is strongly related to axon growth and regeneration; thus, this protein has been utilized as a classical molecular marker of these events and growth cones. Although GAP-43 was biochemically characterized more than a quarter century ago, how this protein is related to these events is still not clear. Recently, we identified many phosphorylation sites in the growth cone membrane proteins of rodent brains. Two phosphorylation sites of GAP-43, S96 and T172, were found within the top 10 hit sites among all proteins. S96 has already been characterized (Kawasaki et al., 2018), and here, phosphorylation of T172 was characterized. In vitro (cultured neurons) and in vivo, an antibody specific to phosphorylated T172 (pT172 antibody) specifically recognized cultured growth cones and growing axons in developing mouse neurons, respectively. Immunoblotting showed that pT172 antigens were more rapidly downregulated throughout development than those of pS96 antibody. From the primary structure, this phosphorylation site was predicted to be conserved in a wide range of animals including primates. In the developing marmoset brainstem and in differentiated neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, immunoreactivity with pT172 antibody revealed patterns similar to those in mice. pT172 antibody also labeled regenerating axons following sciatic nerve injury. Taken together, the T172 residue is widely conserved in a wide range of mammals including primates, and pT172 is a new candidate molecular marker for growing axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Medical and Dental Hospital, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawagoe
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishikawa
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamada
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Medical and Dental Hospital, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Lin J, Hao C, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Feng Z, Xu X, Huang H, Liao W. Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine on Neuroplasticity after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:1587241. [PMID: 33531914 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1587241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been widely used in ischemic stroke in China. The regulation of neuroplasticity may underlie the recovery of some neurological functions in ischemic stroke. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in this study. Rats were divided into three groups: sham group, model group, and TMP group. The neurological function was evaluated using modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Following the neurological function test, expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) were analyzed through immunohistochemistry at 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d after MCAO. Finally, the synaptic structural plasticity was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TMP group showed better neurological function comparing to the model group. SYP levels increased gradually in ischemic penumbra (IP) in the model group and could be enhanced by TMP treatment at 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d, whereas GAP-43 levels increased from 3 d to 7 d and thereafter decreased gradually from 14 d to 28 d in the model group, which showed no significant improvement in the TMP group. The results of TEM showed a flatter synaptic interface, a thinner postsynaptic density (PSD), and a wider synaptic cleft in the model group, and the first two alterations could be ameliorated by TMP. Then, a Pearson's correlation test revealed mNSS markedly correlated with SYP and synaptic ultrastructures. Taken together, TMP is capable of promoting functional outcome after ischemic stroke, and the mechanisms may be partially associated with regulation of neuroplasticity.
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Liu X, Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Toyo-Oka K. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (Gstp) proteins regulate neuritogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:30-45. [PMID: 33437989 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GSTP proteins are metabolic enzymes involved in the removal of oxidative stress and intracellular signaling and also have inhibitory effects on JNK activity. However, the functions of Gstp proteins in the developing brain are unknown. In mice, there are three Gstp proteins, Gstp1, 2 and 3, whereas there is only one GSTP in humans. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, we found that Gstp1 was expressed beginning at E15.5 in the cortex, but Gstp2 and 3 started expressing at E18.5. Gstp 1 and 2 knockdown (KD) caused decreased neurite number in cortical neurons, implicating them in neurite initiation. Using in utero electroporation (IUE) to knock down Gstp1 and 2 in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in vivo, we found abnormal swelling of the apical dendrite at P3 and reduced neurite number at P15. Using time-lapse live imaging, we found that the apical dendrite orientation was skewed compared with the control. We explored the molecular mechanism and found that JNK inhibition rescued reduced neurite number caused by Gstp knockdown, indicating that Gstp regulates neurite formation through JNK signaling. Thus, we found novel functions of Gstp proteins in neurite initiation during cortical development. These findings not only provide novel functions of Gstp proteins in neuritogenesis during cortical development but also help us to understand the complexity of neurite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
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28
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Kudo TA, Tominami K, Izumi S, Hayashi Y, Noguchi T, Matsuzawa A, Hong G, Nakai J. Characterization of PC12 Cell Subclones with Different Sensitivities to Programmed Thermal Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218356. [PMID: 33171774 PMCID: PMC7664380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritogenesis is the process underling nervous system regeneration; however, optimal extracellular signals that can promote neuronal regenerative activities require further investigation. Previously, we developed a novel method for inducing neuronal differentiation in rat PC12 cells using temperature-controlled repeated thermal stimulation (TRTS) with a heating plate. Based on neurogenic sensitivity to TRTS, PC12 cells were classified as either hyper- or hyposensitive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of hyposensitivity by establishing two PC12-derived subclones according to TRTS sensitivity during differentiation: PC12-P1F1, a hypersensitive subclone, and PC12-P1D10, a hyposensitive subclone. To characterize these subclones, cell size and neuritogenesis were evaluated in subclones treated with nerve growth factor (NGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), or various TRTS. No significant differences in cell size were observed among the parental cells and subclones. BMP4- or TRTS-induced neuritogenesis was increased in PC12-P1F1 cells compared to that in the parental cells, while no neuritogenesis was observed in PC12-P1D10 cells. In contrast, NGF-induced neuritogenesis was observed in all three cell lines. Furthermore, a BMP inhibitor, LDN-193189, considerably inhibited TRTS-induced neuritogenesis. These results suggest that the BMP pathway might be required for TRTS-induced neuritogenesis, demonstrating the useful aspects of these novel subclones for TRTS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tada-aki Kudo
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-22-717-8293
| | - Kanako Tominami
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (J.N.)
| | - Satoshi Izumi
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (J.N.)
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (T.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (T.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Guang Hong
- Division for Globalization Initiative, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (J.N.)
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Chung D, Shum A, Caraveo G. GAP-43 and BASP1 in Axon Regeneration: Implications for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567537. [PMID: 33015061 PMCID: PMC7494789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) regulate actin dynamics and presynaptic vesicle cycling at axon terminals, thereby facilitating axonal growth, regeneration, and plasticity. These functions highly depend on changes in GAP-43 and BASP1 expression levels and post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Interestingly, examinations of GAP-43 and BASP1 in neurodegenerative diseases reveal alterations in their expression and phosphorylation profiles. This review provides an overview of the structural properties, regulations, and functions of GAP-43 and BASP1, highlighting their involvement in neural injury response and regeneration. By discussing GAP-43 and BASP1 in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, we also explore the therapeutic potential of modulating their activities to compensate for neuron loss in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daayun Chung
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Shum
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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30
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Igarashi M, Honda A, Kawasaki A, Nozumi M. Neuronal Signaling Involved in Neuronal Polarization and Growth: Lipid Rafts and Phosphorylation. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:150. [PMID: 32922262 PMCID: PMC7456915 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization and growth are developmental processes that occur during neuronal cell differentiation. The molecular signaling mechanisms involved in these events in in vivo mammalian brain remain unclear. Also, cellular events of the neuronal polarization process within a given neuron are thought to be constituted of many independent intracellular signal transduction pathways (the "tug-of-war" model). However, in vivo results suggest that such pathways should be cooperative with one another among a given group of neurons in a region of the brain. Lipid rafts, specific membrane domains with low fluidity, are candidates for the hotspots of such intracellular signaling. Among the signals reported to be involved in polarization, a number are thought to be present or translocated to the lipid rafts in response to extracellular signals. As part of our analysis, we discuss how such novel molecular mechanisms are combined for effective regulation of neuronal polarization and growth, focusing on the significance of the lipid rafts, including results based on recently introduced methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuko Honda
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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31
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Castro-Torres RD, Busquets O, Parcerisas A, Verdaguer E, Olloquequi J, Ettcheto M, Beas-Zarate C, Folch J, Camins A, Auladell C. Involvement of JNK1 in Neuronal Polarization During Brain Development. Cells 2020; 9:E1897. [PMID: 32823764 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) are a group of regulatory elements responsible for the control of a wide array of functions within the cell. In the central nervous system (CNS), JNKs are involved in neuronal polarization, starting from the cell division of neural stem cells and ending with their final positioning when migrating and maturing. This review will focus mostly on isoform JNK1, the foremost contributor of total JNK activity in the CNS. Throughout the text, research from multiple groups will be summarized and discussed in order to describe the involvement of the JNKs in the different steps of neuronal polarization. The data presented support the idea that isoform JNK1 is highly relevant to the regulation of many of the processes that occur in neuronal development in the CNS.
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32
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Hámor PU, Edelmann MJ, Gobin C, Schwendt M. Long-term Changes in the Central Amygdala Proteome in Rats with a History of Chronic Cocaine Self-administration. Neuroscience 2020; 443:93-109. [PMID: 32540363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a striatum-like structure that contains mainly inhibitory circuits controlling a repertoire of (mal)adaptive behaviors related to pain, anxiety, motivation, and addiction. Neural activity in the CeA is also necessary for the expression of persistent and robust drug seeking, also termed 'incubation of drug craving.' However, neuroadaptations within this brain region supporting incubated drug craving have not been characterized. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of protein expression in the CeA of male rats after prolonged (45-day) abstinence from extended-access cocaine self-administration using a quantitative proteomic approach. The proteomic analysis identified 228 unique proteins altered in cocaine rats relative to animals that received saline. Out of the identified proteins, 160 were downregulated, while 68 upregulated. Upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and downregulation of neural cell-adhesion protein contactin-1 were validated by immunoblotting. Follow-up analysis by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool revealed alterations in protein networks associated with several neurobehavioral disorders, cellular function and morphology, as well as axogenesis, long-term potentiation, and receptor signaling pathways. This study suggests that chronic cocaine self-administration, followed by a prolonged abstinence results in reorganization of specific protein signaling networks within the CeA that may underlie incubated cocaine craving and identifies potential novel 'druggable' targets for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD).
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33
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Igarashi M, Kawasaki A, Ishikawa Y, Honda A, Okada M, Okuda S. Phosphoproteomic and bioinformatic methods for analyzing signaling in vertebrate axon growth and regeneration. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 339:108723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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WANG Y, WANG Z. [Research progress on intrinsic signaling pathways in axon regeneration]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:82-89. [PMID: 32621408 PMCID: PMC8800775 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic regrowth ability of injured neurons is essential for axon regeneration and functional recovery. Recently, numerous intrinsic pathways that regulate axon regeneration have been discovered, among which the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway are arguably the best characterized examples. MAPK signaling pathway is involved in multiple processes including sensing injury signals, initiating and promoting axonal regrowth through regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and protein synthesis. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates axon regeneration mainly through gene transcription and translation. Combinatory manipulation of multiple regeneration-promoting signals can further improve the extend of axonal regrowth. This paper summarizes current progresses on axon regeneration studies in various organisms and discuss their potentials in promoting functional recovery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiping WANG
- 王志萍(1980—),女,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事神经发育和神经再生研究;E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-9557
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35
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Chauhan MZ, Arcuri J, Park KK, Zafar MK, Fatmi R, Hackam AS, Yin Y, Benowitz L, Goldberg JL, Samarah M, Bhattacharya SK. Multi-Omic Analyses of Growth Cones at Different Developmental Stages Provides Insight into Pathways in Adult Neuroregeneration. iScience 2020; 23:100836. [PMID: 32058951 PMCID: PMC6997871 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth cones (GCs) are structures associated with growing neurons. GC membrane expansion, which necessitates protein-lipid interactions, is critical to axonal elongation in development and in adult neuritogenesis. We present a multi-omic analysis that integrates proteomics and lipidomics data for the identification of GC pathways, cell phenotypes, and lipid-protein interactions, with an analytic platform to facilitate the visualization of these data. We combine lipidomic data from GC and adult axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush. Our results reveal significant molecular variability in GCs across developmental ages that aligns with the upregulation and downregulation of lipid metabolic processes and correlates with distinct changes in the lipid composition of GC plasmalemma. We find that these processes also define the transition into a growth-permissive state in the adult central nervous system. The insight derived from these analyses will aid in promoting adult regeneration and functional innervation in devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Simultaneous proteomics and lipidomics analyses of developmental growth cones Combined multi-omics analyses of regenerating optic nerves and growth cones Integrating protein-protein with protein-lipid interactions in growth cones
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain Chauhan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jennifer Arcuri
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maroof Khan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Rabeet Fatmi
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yuqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Larry Benowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad Samarah
- Department of Computer Science, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Program in Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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36
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Ishikawa Y, Okada M, Honda A, Ito Y, Tamada A, Endo N, Igarashi M. Phosphorylation sites of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP 1B) are involved in axon growth and regeneration. Mol Brain 2019; 12:93. [PMID: 31711525 PMCID: PMC6849251 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth cone is a specialized structure that forms at the tip of extending axons in developing and regenerating neurons. This structure is essential for accurate synaptogenesis at developmental stages, and is also involved in plasticity-dependent synaptogenesis and axon regeneration in the mature brain. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms utilized by growth cones is indispensable to understanding neuronal network formation and rearrangement. Phosphorylation is the most important and commonly utilized protein modification in signal transduction. We previously identified microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP 1B) as the most frequently phosphorylated protein among ~ 1200 phosphorylated proteins. MAP 1B has more than 10 phosphorylation sites that were present more than 50 times among these 1200 proteins. Here, we produced phospho-specific antibodies against phosphorylated serines at positions 25 and 1201 of MAP 1B that specifically recognize growing axons both in cultured neurons and in vivo in various regions of the embryonic brain. Following sciatic nerve injury, immunoreactivity with each antibody increased compared to the sham operated group. Experiments with transected and sutured nerves revealed that regenerating axons were specifically recognized by these antibodies. These results suggest that these MAP 1B phosphorylation sites are specifically involved in axon growth and that phospho-specific antibodies against MAP 1B are useful markers of growing/regenerating axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ishikawa
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Trans-disciplinary Research Programs, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuko Honda
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ito
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamada
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Trans-disciplinary Research Programs, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. .,Trans-disciplinary Research Programs, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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37
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Kanemaru Y, Natsumeda M, Okada M, Saito R, Kobayashi D, Eda T, Watanabe J, Saito S, Tsukamoto Y, Oishi M, Saito H, Nagahashi M, Sasaki T, Hashizume R, Aoyama H, Wakai T, Kakita A, Fujii Y. Dramatic response of BRAF V600E-mutant epithelioid glioblastoma to combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitor: establishment and xenograft of a cell line to predict clinical efficacy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:119. [PMID: 31345255 PMCID: PMC6659204 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid glioblastoma is a rare aggressive variant of glioblastoma (GBM) characterized by a dismal prognosis of about 6 months and frequent leptomeningeal dissemination. A recent study has revealed that 50% of epithelioid GBMs harbor three genetic alterations - BRAF V600E mutation, TERT promoter mutations, and homozygous deletions of CDKN2A/2B. Emerging evidence support the effectiveness of targeted therapies for brain tumors with BRAF V600E mutation. Here we describe a dramatic radiographical response to combined therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in a patient with epithelioid GBM harboring BRAF V600E mutation, characterized by thick spinal dissemination. From relapsed tumor procured at autopsy, we established a cell line retaining the BRAF V600E mutation, TERT promoter mutation and CDKN2A/2B loss. Intracranial implantation of these cells into mice resulted in tumors closely resembling the original, characterized by epithelioid tumor cells and dissemination, and invasion into the perivascular spaces. We then confirmed the efficacy of treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. Epithelioid GBM with BRAF V600E mutation can be considered a good treatment indication for precision medicine, and this patient-derived cell line should be useful for prediction of the tumor response and clarification of its biological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kanemaru
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masayasu Okada
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Saito
- Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Eda
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Saito
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsukamoto
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Oishi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotake Saito
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hidefumi Aoyama
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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38
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Igarashi M, Okuda S. Evolutionary analysis of proline-directed phosphorylation sites in the mammalian growth cone identified using phosphoproteomics. Mol Brain 2019; 12:53. [PMID: 31151465 PMCID: PMC6545026 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth cone is essential for nerve growth and axon regeneration, which directly form and rearrange the neural network. Recently, to clarify the molecular signaling pathways in the growth cone that utilize protein phosphorylation, we performed a phosphoproteomics study of mammalian growth cone membranes derived from the developing rodent brain and identified > 30,000 phosphopeptides from ~ 1200 proteins. We found that the phosphorylation sites were highly proline directed and primarily mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent, due to particular activation of c-jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), a member of the MAPK family. Because the MAPK/JNK pathway is also involved in axon regeneration of invertebrate model organisms such Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, we performed evolutionary bioinformatics analysis of the mammalian growth cone phosphorylation sites. Although these sites were generally conserved within vertebrates, they were not necessarily conserved in these invertebrate model organisms. In particular, high-frequency phosphorylation sites (> 20 times) were less conserved than low-frequency sites. Taken together, the mammalian growth cones contain a large number of vertebrate-specific phosphorylation sites and stronger dependence upon MAPK/JNK than C. elegans or Drosophila. We conclude that axon growth/regeneration likely involves many vertebrate-specific phosphorylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Abstract
Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries cause permanent disability. Although progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological changes that affect both structure and function after injury to the brain or spinal cord, there are currently no cures for either condition. This may change with the development and application of multi-layer omics, new sophisticated bioinformatics tools, and cutting-edge imaging techniques. Already, these technical advances, when combined, are revealing an unprecedented number of novel cellular and molecular targets that could be manipulated alone or in combination to repair the injured central nervous system with precision. In this review, we highlight recent advances in applying these new technologies to the study of axon regeneration and rebuilding of injured neural circuitry. We then discuss the challenges ahead to translate results produced by these technologies into clinical application to help improve the lives of individuals who have a brain or spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience and Discovery Themes Initiative, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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IGARASHI M. Molecular basis of the functions of the mammalian neuronal growth cone revealed using new methods. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2019; 95:358-377. [PMID: 31406059 PMCID: PMC6766448 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal growth cone is a highly motile, specialized structure for extending neuronal processes. This structure is essential for nerve growth, axon pathfinding, and accurate synaptogenesis. Growth cones are important not only during development but also for plasticity-dependent synaptogenesis and neuronal circuit rearrangement following neural injury in the mature brain. However, the molecular details of mammalian growth cone function are poorly understood. This review examines molecular findings on the function of the growth cone as a result of the introduction of novel methods such superresolution microscopy and (phospho)proteomics. These results increase the scope of our understating of the molecular mechanisms of growth cone behavior in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro IGARASHI
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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