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Zhang X, Xu Z, Wen X, Huang G, Nian S, Li L, Guo X, Ye Y, Yuan Q. The onset, development and pathogenesis of severe neutrophilic asthma. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:144-159. [PMID: 35080788 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is divided into Th2 high, Th2 low and mixed types. The Th2 high type is dominated by eosinophils while the Th2 low type is divided into neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic types. Eosinophilic asthma has gained increased attention recently, and its pathogenesis and treatment are well understood. However, severe neutrophilic asthma requires more in-depth research because its pathogenesis is not well understood, and no effective treatment exists. This review looks at the advances made in asthma research, the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma, the mechanisms of progression to severe asthma, risk factors for asthma exacerbations, and biomarkers and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma is further discussed from four aspects: Th17-type inflammatory response, inflammasomes, exosomes and microRNAs. This review provides direction for the mechanistic study, diagnosis and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The treatment of neutrophilic asthma remains a significant challenge for clinical therapists and is an important area of future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixi Xu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Zigong Hospital of Woman and Children Healthcare, Sichuan, China
| | - Siji Nian
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyuan Guo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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2
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Ma X, Hu J, Wang C, Gu Y, Cao S, Huang X, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Wu R, Zuo Z, Yu S, Shen L, Zhong Z, Peng G, Ling S. Innate and mild Th17 cutaneous immune responses elicited by subcutaneous infection of immunocompetent mice with Cladosporium cladosporioides. Microb Pathog 2021; 163:105384. [PMID: 34974124 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cladosporium cladosporioides is a dematiaceous hyphomycete that is pathogenic in the superficial and deep tissues of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent humans and animals. Our aim was to evaluate the antifungal immune responses elicited by C. cladosporioides in immunocompetent mice. Hence, we subcutaneously injected suspensions of C. cladosporioides spores into immunocompetent mice to investigate the anti-fungal immune responses in the skin. We collected skin tissue samples for histopathological examination, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. We observed subcutaneous abscesses in mice after subcutaneous injection of C. cladosporioides. A large number of inflammatory cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, infiltrated the focal abscess, with comparatively few infiltrating inflammatory cells in the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. We detected the expression of CD54 in the abscesses and the skin. Gene expression of the pattern recognition receptors Dectin-1 and TLR-2 was higher in infected mice than in controls. Gene expression of the cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17A also increased after infection, suggesting that the Th17 signaling pathway may be involved in the anti-fungal response. Although the pathogenicity of C. cladosporioides in healthy mice was weak after subcutaneous infection, resulting in few serious pathological phenomena, it appears that innate and Th17 immune responses play important roles in the cutaneous host response to C. cladosporioides. These findings lay a foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism and treatment of C. cladosporioides infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611800, China.
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611800, China
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3
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Kraft S, Buchenauer L, Polte T. Mold, Mycotoxins and a Dysregulated Immune System: A Combination of Concern? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12269. [PMID: 34830149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi represent one of the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes on earth. The interplay between mold exposure and the host immune system is still not fully elucidated. Literature research focusing on up-to-date publications is providing a heterogenous picture of evidence and opinions regarding the role of mold and mycotoxins in the development of immune diseases. While the induction of allergic immune responses by molds is generally acknowledged, other direct health effects like the toxic mold syndrome are controversially discussed. However, recent observations indicate a particular importance of mold/mycotoxin exposure in individuals with pre-existing dysregulation of the immune system, due to exacerbation of underlying pathophysiology including allergic and non-allergic chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and even human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. In this review, we focus on the impact of mycotoxins regarding their impact on disease progression in pre-existing immune dysregulation. This is complemented by experimental in vivo and in vitro findings to present cellular and molecular modes of action. Furthermore, we discuss hypothetical mechanisms of action, where evidence is missing since much remains to be discovered.
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Percier P, De Prins S, Tima G, Beyaert R, Grooten J, Romano M, Denis O. Aspergillus fumigatus Recognition by Dendritic Cells Negatively Regulates Allergic Lung Inflammation through a TLR2/MyD88 Pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:39-49. [PMID: 32970964 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0083oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Dendritic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns of Aspergillus via two main receptor families, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLR). Here, the importance of TLR and CLR signaling in the regulation of T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) responses was analyzed using a mouse model based on the transfer of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) pulsed with A. fumigatus conidia. BMDCs were generated from mice deficient in either MyD88 or MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1). Both the MyD88 and MALT1 signaling pathway in BMDCs contributed to the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by A. fumigatus conidia. Mice sensitized with MyD88-/- BMDCs pulsed in vitro with A. fumigatus conidia showed an exacerbated allergic inflammation, with stronger eosinophil recruitment in the BAL and higher Th2 cytokine production compared with mice sensitized with wild-type or MALT1-/- BMDCs. This exacerbation was not observed when MyD88-/- BMDCs were pulsed with Cladosporium sphaerospermum, a nonpathogenic mold. A lack of TLR2 signaling recapitulated the exacerbation of the A. fumigatus Th2 response observed in the absence of MyD88 signaling, whereas TLR2 agonist dampened the response induced with A. fumigatus and C. sphaerospermum conidia. IL-10 production by BMDCs in response to A. fumigatus was dependent on the expression of TLR2 and MyD88. IL-10-/- BMDCs exacerbated, whereas MyD88-/- BMDCs supplemented with exogenous IL-10 decreased the allergic pulmonary inflammation. These results indicate that TLR2/MyD88-specific recognition of PAMPs from A. fumigatus conidia can upregulate IL-10 production and downregulate lung eosinophilia and the development of a Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giresse Tima
- Service Viral Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Johan Grooten
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Ma X, Hu J, Yu Y, Wang C, Gu Y, Cao S, Huang X, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Wu R, Zuo Z, Deng J, Ren Z, Yu S, Shen L, Zhong Z, Peng G. Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:909. [PMID: 33441700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cladosporium cladosporioides causes asthma and superficial and deep infections, mostly in immunodeficient individuals and animals. This study aimed to investigate whether C. cladosporioides spores can enter the lungs through pulmonary circulation and influence pulmonary immune response. We intravenously injected mice with C. cladosporioides spore suspension and conducted several assays on the lungs. Pulmonary hemorrhage symptoms and congestion were most severe on days 1, 2, and 3 post-inoculation (PI). Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration occurred throughout the period of infection. More spores and hyphae colonizing the lungs were detected on days 1, 2, and 3 PI, and fewer spores and hyphae were observed within 21 d of infection. Numerous macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils were observed on day 5 PI, along with upregulation of CD54, an intercellular adhesion molecule. Th1 and Th2 cells increased after infection; specifically, Th2 cells increased considerably on day 5 PI. These results suggest that days 2 and 5 PI represent the inflammatory peak in the lungs and that the Th2 and Th1 signaling pathways are potentially involved in pulmonary immune responses. In conclusion, the further adaptive immune responses played important roles in establishing effective pulmonary immunity against C. cladosporioides systemic infections based on innate immune responses.
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Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Hackl H, Gruber R, Pilecky M, Knabl L, Orth-Höller D, Dubrac S. Initial Evidence of Distinguishable Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis or Netherton Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:114-123. [PMID: 32553662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease in which epidermal barrier impairment, often owing to FLG null mutations, precedes immune hyperresponsiveness. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized by FLG null mutations and noninflamed dry skin. Netherton syndrome (NS), caused by SPINK5 null mutations, is characterized by generalized erythroderma with scaling and atopic manifestations. The goal of this work was to evaluate associations between specific skin disease features, such as ichthyotic and/or atopic manifestations, and the skin bacterial and fungal microbiota. Taxon diversity showed greater variation in the bacterial microbiota than in the fungal microbiota in the skin diseases. The relative abundances of Firmicutes (Staphylococcus) and Actinobacteria (Corynebacterium) were augmented in ichthyosis vulgaris, AD, and NS, whereas those of Proteobacteria/Enhydrobacter and Bacteroidetes were reduced, regardless of body site. Furthermore, proportions of Staphylococcus were correlated with transepidermal water loss and serum IgE levels. Nevertheless, the skin of patients with low to mild AD was overcolonized with Staphylococcus epidermidis and not with Staphylococcus aureus. Ascomycota were increased in both AD and NS, but from expansion of different fungal species. Finally, the expansion of pathologic bacteria in AD and NS might be supported by surrounding fungi. Thus, distinguishable bacterial and fungal skin dysbiosis in AD, NS, and ichthyosis vulgaris emphasizes disease-specific pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Ludwig Knabl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Fu J, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhao G, Tang Y, Zou L. Concise review: Coarse cereals exert multiple beneficial effects on human health. Food Chem 2020; 325:126761. [PMID: 32387947 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coarse cereals (CC) refer to cereal grains except for rice and wheat which are highly-valued as functional foods with nutritional and pharmacological properties. Owing to their diverse positive effect on chronic diseases, coarse cereals exert a vital role in food industry. CC and the main contents prevent tumor pathogenesis through promoting apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest as well as modulating metastasis initiation. Meanwhile, CC ameliorates cardiovascular diseases through affecting multiple pathways, such as CaMKII/p-BFAF-3, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, etc. Besides, CC and the main contents have potential as prebiotics which facilitating the activities and growth of probiotics such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus. However, there's a lack of report on CC' beneficial properties and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here this article explains in detail, the effect and mechanism of CC on chronic diseases like tumor, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Cheng Luo Road, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Cheng Luo Road, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Cheng Luo Road, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Cheng Luo Road, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Cheng Luo Road, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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Liu D, Tan Y, Bajinka O, Wang L, Tang Z. Th17/IL-17 Axis Regulated by Airway Microbes Get Involved in the Development of Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:11. [PMID: 32172346 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disease induced by immune imbalance, characterized by chronic non-specific airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Many factors induce asthma, among which respiratory infection is the important cause. In this review, we discuss how respiratory microbes participate in the occurrence and progression of asthma via Th17/IL-17 axis. RECENT FINDINGS Pathogenesis of asthma has been considered as closely related to the imbalance in number and function of Th1/Th2 in the CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets. Recent studies have shown that Th17 cell and its secretory IL-17 also play an important role in AHR. Respiratory virus, bacteria, fungi, and other respiratory microbial infections can directly or indirectly induce the differentiation of Th17 cell and the production of related cytokines to induce AHR. Respiratory microbial infection can affect the TH17/IL-17A axis through a variety of mechanisms, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of asthma, and these specific mechanisms may provide new effective therapeutic ideas for asthma.
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Wang H, Li P, Liu X, Zhang C, Lu Q, Xi D, Yang R, Wang S, Bai W, Yang Z, Zhou R, Cheng X, Leng J. The Composition of Fungal Communities in the Rumen of Gayals ( Bos frontalis), Yaks ( Bos grunniens), and Yunnan and Tibetan Yellow Cattle ( Bos taurs). Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:505-514. [PMID: 31880894 PMCID: PMC7260705 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen is a microbial-rich ecosystem in which rumen fungi play an important role in the feed digestion of ruminants. The composition of rumen fungi in free-range ruminants such as gayals, yaks, Tibetan yellow cattle, and the domesticated Yunnan yellow cattle was investigated by sequencing an internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) using Illumina MiSeq. A total of 285 092 optimized sequences and 904 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the four cattle breeds. The rumen fungi abundance and Chao and Simpson indexes were all higher in free-range ruminants than in domesticated ruminants. Three fungal phyla were identified by sequence comparison: Neocallimastigomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota have very low abundance in the rumen of four breeds cattle but anaerobic fungi (AF) Neocallimastigomycota occurred in a high abundance. In Neocallimastigomycota, the dominant genera were Piromyces, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, Neocallimastix, and Orpionmyces in four cattle breeds. The composition of the major genera of Neocallimastigaceae varied greatly among the four cattle breeds. The unclassified genera were unequally distributed in gayals, yaks, Tibetan and Yunnan yellow cattle, accounting for 90.63%, 98.52%, 97.79%, and 27.01% respectively. It appears that free-range ruminants have more unknown rumen fungi than domesticated ruminants and the cattle breeds and animal diets had an impact on the diversity of rumen fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal and Feed Science of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal and Feed Science of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Xuchuan Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal and Feed Science of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China ; Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Qiongfen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal and Feed Science of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China ; Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Renhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal and Feed Science of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal and Feed Science of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Wenshun Bai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Rongkang Zhou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
| | - Jing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Animal and Feed Science of Yunnan Provincial, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China ; Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming , China
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10
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Hadebe S, Brombacher F. Environment and Host-Genetic Determinants in Early Development of Allergic Asthma: Contribution of Fungi. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2696. [PMID: 31824491 PMCID: PMC6879655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic debilitating airway disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Although largely thought to be a disease of the first world, it is now clear that it is on the rise in many middle- and lower-income countries. The disease is complex, and its etiology is poorly understood, which explains failure of most treatment strategies. We know that in children, asthma is closely linked to poor lung function in the first 3-years of life, when the lung is still undergoing post-natal alveolarization phase. Epidemiological studies also suggest that environmental factors around that age do play a critical part in the establishment of early wheezing which persists until adulthood. Some of the factors that contribute to early development of asthma in children in Western world are clear, however, in low- to middle-income countries this is likely to differ significantly. The contribution of fungal species in the development of allergic diseases is known in adults and in experimental models. However, it is unclear whether early exposure during perinatal or post-natal lung development influences a protective or promotes allergic asthma. Host immune cells and responses will play a crucial part in early development of allergic asthma. How immune cells and their receptors may recognize fungi and promote allergic asthma or protect by tolerance among other immune mechanisms is not fully understood in this early lung development stage. The aim of this review is to discuss what fungal species are present during early exposure as well as their contribution to the development of allergic responses. We also discuss how the host has evolved to promote tolerance to limit hyper-responsiveness to innocuous fungi, and how host evasion by fungi during early development consequentially results in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Murrison LB, Brandt EB, Myers JB, Hershey GKK. Environmental exposures and mechanisms in allergy and asthma development. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1504-1515. [PMID: 30741719 DOI: 10.1172/jci124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures interplay with human host factors to promote the development and progression of allergic diseases. The worldwide prevalence of allergic disease is rising as a result of complex gene-environment interactions that shape the immune system and host response. Research shows an association between the rise of allergic diseases and increasingly modern Westernized lifestyles, which are characterized by increased urbanization, time spent indoors, and antibiotic usage. These environmental changes result in increased exposure to air and traffic pollution, fungi, infectious agents, tobacco smoke, and other early-life and lifelong risk factors for the development and exacerbation of asthma and allergic diseases. It is increasingly recognized that the timing, load, and route of allergen exposure affect allergic disease phenotypes and development. Still, our ability to prevent allergic diseases is hindered by gaps in understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interaction of environmental, viral, and allergen exposures with immune pathways that impact disease development. This Review highlights epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking environmental exposures to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bronner Murrison
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jocelyn Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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12
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Goyal S, Castrillón-Betancur JC, Klaile E, Slevogt H. The Interaction of Human Pathogenic Fungi With C-Type Lectin Receptors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1261. [PMID: 29915598 PMCID: PMC5994417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi, usually present as commensals, are a major cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Such infections, if not diagnosed or treated properly, can prove fatal. However, in most cases healthy individuals are able to avert the fungal attacks by mounting proper antifungal immune responses. Among the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are the major players in antifungal immunity. CLRs can recognize carbohydrate ligands, such as β-glucans and mannans, which are mainly found on fungal cell surfaces. They induce proinflammatory immune reactions, including phagocytosis, oxidative burst, cytokine, and chemokine production from innate effector cells, as well as activation of adaptive immunity via Th17 responses. CLRs such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Mincle, mannose receptor (MR), and DC-SIGN can recognize many disease-causing fungi and also collaborate with each other as well as other PRRs in mounting a fungi-specific immune response. Mutations in these receptors affect the host response and have been linked to a higher risk in contracting fungal infections. This review focuses on how CLRs on various immune cells orchestrate the antifungal response and on the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in these receptors toward the risk of developing such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Goyal
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Juan Camilo Castrillón-Betancur
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,International Leibniz Research School for Microbial and Biomolecular Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology/Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Esther Klaile
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide, largely in developed countries. The etiology of the disease is poorly understood, but is likely to involve specific innate and adaptive responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. Fungal-derived allergens represent a major contributing factor in the initiation, persistence, exacerbation, and severity of allergic asthma. C-type lectin like receptors, such as dectin-1, dectin-2, DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin, and mannose receptor, recognize many fungal-derived allergens and other structurally similar allergens derived from house dust mites (HDM). In some cases, the fungal derived allergens have been structurally and functionally identified alongside their respective receptors in both humans and mice. In this review, we discuss recent understanding on how selected fungal and HDM derived allergens as well as their known or unknown receptors shape allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Aberdeen AFGrica Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Øya E, Afanou AKJ, Malla N, Uhlig S, Rolen E, Skaar I, Straumfors A, Winberg JO, Bang BE, Schwarze PE, Eduard W, Holme JA. Characterization and pro-inflammatory responses of spore and hyphae samples from various mold species. Indoor Air 2018; 28:28-39. [PMID: 28922584 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mold particles from Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Stachybotrys chartarum have been linked to respiratory-related diseases. We characterized X-ray-inactivated spores and hyphae fragments from these species by number of particles, morphology, and mycotoxin, β-glucan and protease content/activity. The pro-inflammatory properties of mold particles were examined in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and THP-1 monocytes and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1. Spores from P. chrysogenum and S. chartarum contained some hyphae fragments, whereas the other preparations contained either spores or hyphae. Each mold species produced mainly one gelatin-degrading protease that was either of the metallo- or serine type, while one remains unclassified. Mycotoxin levels were generally low. Detectable levels of β-glucans were found mainly in hyphae particle preparations. PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were by far the most sensitive model with effects in the order of 10 ng/cm2 . Hyphae preparations of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum were more potent than respective spore preparations, whereas the opposite seems to be true for A. versicolor and S. chartarum. Hyphae fragments of A. fumigatus, P. chrysogenum, and A. versicolor enhanced the release of metalloprotease (proMMP-9) most markedly. In conclusion, species, growth stage, and characteristics are all important factors for pro-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Øya
- Department of Air and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - A K J Afanou
- Department for the Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Malla
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - S Uhlig
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Rolen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Skaar
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Straumfors
- Department for the Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - J O Winberg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B E Bang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - P E Schwarze
- Department of Air and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - W Eduard
- Department for the Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - J A Holme
- Department of Air and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Vincent M, Percier P, De Prins S, Huygen K, Potemberg G, Muraille E, Romano M, Michel O, Denis O. Investigation of inflammatory and allergic responses to common mold species: Results from in vitro experiments, from a mouse model of asthma, and from a group of asthmatic patients. Indoor Air 2017; 27:933-945. [PMID: 28370571 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on molds focus on Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we report on inflammatory and allergenic properties of more typical indoor species Aspergillus versicolor, P. chrysogenum, C. cladosporioïdes, and C. sphaerospermum that were compared to A. alternata and A. fumigatus. In a mouse model, after intranasal instillation, A. alternaria, A. versicolor, and C. sphaerospermum induced the early recruitment of neutrophils and the strong expression of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavages fluids. A. fumigatus also induced the early accumulation of neutrophils but with lower levels of inflammatory markers. Chronic treatment induced variable response according to species: P. chrysogenum and A. fumigatus appeared strong pro-allergenic inducers compared to A. alternata and C. sphaerospermum while A. versicolor and C. cladosporioides induced a mixed pro-allergenic/pro-inflammatory response. In mold-sensitized asthmatics, mold-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected with an in-house dot-blot assay. A. fumigatus and A. alternata were the most frequent sensitizers. Altogether, P. chrysogenum, P. brevicompactum, C. sphaerospermum, and C. cladosporïoides were the "major sensitizer" (defined as the strongest response against a single mold species) for almost 30% of the asthmatics. These results show that, not only A. alternata and A. fumigatus, but also indoor species have strong inflammatory and allergic properties and a harmful potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vincent
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - P Percier
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S De Prins
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - K Huygen
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - G Potemberg
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - E Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - M Romano
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - O Michel
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - O Denis
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
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16
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Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor environments and have been associated with respiratory disease including childhood and adult asthma. A growing body of evidence from human and animal studies has revealed a link between fungal exposure, especially indoor fungal exposure, with asthma initiation, persistence, and exacerbation. Despite the overwhelming evidence linking mold exposure and asthma, the mechanistic basis for the association has remained elusive. It is now clear that fungi need not be intact to impart negative health effects. Fungal components and fungal fragments are biologically active and contribute to asthma development and severity. Recent mechanistic studies have demonstrated that fungi are potent immunomodulators and have powerful effects on asthma independent of their potential to act as antigens. This paper will review the connection between fungal exposure and asthma with a focus on the immunological mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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17
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Konstantinovas C, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Vannier-Santos MA, Lima-Santos J. Modulation of Human Immune Response by Fungal Biocontrol Agents. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:39. [PMID: 28217107 PMCID: PMC5289975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of biological control agents is generally regarded as safe for humans and environment, the increased exposure of agriculture workers, and consumer population to fungal substances may affect the immune system. Those compounds may be associated with both intense stimulation, resulting in IgE-mediated allergy and immune downmodulation induced by molecules such as cyclosporin A and mycotoxins. This review discusses the potential effects of biocontrol fungal components on human immune responses, possibly associated to infectious, inflammatory diseases, and defective defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Konstantinovas
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos A Vannier-Santos
- Biologia Celular Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jane Lima-Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus, Brazil
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18
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Gómez-Casado C, Díaz-Perales A. Allergen-Associated Immunomodulators: Modifying Allergy Outcome. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:339-47. [PMID: 27178664 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergies is increasing since mid twentieth century; however the underlying causes of this increase are not fully clear. Understanding the mechanism by which a harmless protein becomes an allergen provides us with the basis to prevent and treat these diseases. Although most studies on allergen immunogenicity have traditionally focused on structural properties of the proteins, it is increasingly clear that allergenicity cannot be determined only based on structural features of the allergenic proteins. In fact, allergens do not encounter human facings as isolated molecules but contained in complex mixtures of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, such as pollen grains or foods. As a result, attention has lately been directed to examine whether allergen-associated molecules exhibit immune-regulatory properties. The present review aims to illustrate some examples of how non-protein molecules accompanying the allergen can modulate allergic responses.
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19
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Zhang Z, Biagini Myers JM, Brandt EB, Ryan PH, Lindsey M, Mintz-Cole RA, Reponen T, Vesper SJ, Forde F, Ruff B, Bass SA, LeMasters GK, Bernstein DI, Lockey J, Budelsky AL, Khurana Hershey GK. β-Glucan exacerbates allergic asthma independent of fungal sensitization and promotes steroid-resistant T H2/T H17 responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:54-65.e8. [PMID: 27221135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitization to fungi has been associated with asthma severity. As a result, it has been largely assumed that the contribution of fungi to allergic disease is mediated through their potent antigenicity. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanism by which fungi affect asthma development and severity. METHODS We integrated epidemiologic and experimental asthma models to explore the effect of fungal exposure on asthma development and severity. RESULTS We report that fungal exposure enhances allergen-driven TH2 responses, promoting severe allergic asthma. This effect is independent of fungal sensitization and can be reconstituted with β-glucan and abrogated by neutralization of IL-17A. Furthermore, this severe asthma is resistant to steroids and characterized by mixed TH2 and TH17 responses, including IL-13+IL-17+CD4+ double-producing effector T cells. Steroid resistance is dependent on fungus-induced TH17 responses because steroid sensitivity was restored in IL-17rc-/- mice. Similarly, in children with asthma, fungal exposure was associated with increased serum IL-17A levels and asthma severity. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that fungi are potent immunomodulators and have powerful effects on asthma independent of their potential to act as antigens. Furthermore, our results provide a strong rationale for combination treatment strategies targeting IL-17A for this subgroup of fungus-exposed patients with difficult-to-treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark Lindsey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rachael A Mintz-Cole
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Frank Forde
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brandy Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stacey A Bass
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Grace K LeMasters
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David I Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Lockey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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20
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Fakih D, Pilecki B, Schlosser A, Jepsen CS, Thomsen LK, Ormhøj M, Watson A, Madsen J, Clark HW, Barfod KK, Hansen S, Marcussen N, Jounblat R, Chamat S, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. Protective effects of surfactant protein D treatment in 1,3-β-glucan-modulated allergic inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1333-43. [PMID: 26432866 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00090.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a pulmonary collectin important in lung immunity. SP-D-deficient mice (Sftpd(-/-)) are reported to be susceptible to ovalbumin (OVA)- and fungal allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation, while treatment with exogenous SP-D has therapeutic effects in such disease models. β-Glucans are a diverse group of polysaccharides previously suggested to serve as fungal ligands for SP-D. We set out to investigate if SP-D could interact with 1,3-β-glucan and attenuate allergic pulmonary inflammation in the presence of 1,3-β-glucan. Allergic airway disease was induced in Sftpd(-/-) and Sftpd(+/+) mice by OVA sensitization and subsequent challenge with OVA, 1,3-β-glucan, or OVA/1,3-β-glucan together. Mice in the combined treatment group were further treated with a high dose of recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D). We demonstrated direct interaction between SP-D and 1,3-β-glucan. OVA-induced mucous cell metaplasia was increased in Sftpd(-/-) mice, supporting previously reported protective effects of endogenous SP-D in allergy. OVA-induced parenchymal CCL11 levels and eosinophilic infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage were unaffected by 1,3-β-glucan, but were reversed with rfhSP-D treatment. 1,3-β-Glucan treatment did, however, induce pulmonary neutrophilic infiltration and increased TNF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage, independently of OVA-induced allergy. This infiltration was also reversed by treatment with rfhSP-D. 1,3-β-Glucan reduced OVA-induced mucous cell metaplasia, T helper 2 cytokines, and IFN-γ production. rfhSP-D treatment further reduced mucous metaplasia and T helper 2 cytokine secretion to background levels. In summary, rfhSP-D treatment resulted in attenuation of both allergic inflammation and 1,3-β-glucan-mediated neutrophilic inflammation. Our data suggest that treatment with high-dose SP-D protects from mold-induced exacerbations of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Fakih
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon; Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Bartosz Pilecki
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine S Jepsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Laura K Thomsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Ormhøj
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alastair Watson
- Department of Child Health, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Madsen
- Department of Child Health, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Howard W Clark
- Department of Child Health, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth K Barfod
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Soren Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rania Jounblat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon; Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Soulaima Chamat
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;
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21
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Hadebe S, Kirstein F, Fierens K, Chen K, Drummond RA, Vautier S, Sajaniemi S, Murray G, Williams DL, Redelinghuys P, Reinhart TA, Fallert Junecko BA, Kolls JK, Lambrecht BN, Brombacher F, Brown GD. Microbial Ligand Costimulation Drives Neutrophilic Steroid-Refractory Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134219. [PMID: 26261989 PMCID: PMC4532492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease whose etiology is poorly understood but is likely to involve innate responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. The influence of these components on pulmonary inflammation has been largely studied in the context of individual agonists, despite knowledge that they can have synergistic effects when used in combination. Here we have explored the effects of LPS and β-glucan, two commonly-encountered microbial agonists, on the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic respiratory responses to house dust mite allergen. Notably, sensitization with these microbial components in combination acted synergistically to promote robust neutrophilic inflammation, which involved both Dectin-1 and TLR-4. This pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation was corticosteroid-refractory, resembling that found in patients with severe asthma. Thus our results provide key new insights into how microbial components influence the development of respiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kaat Fierens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Drummond
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Vautier
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Sajaniemi
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pierre Redelinghuys
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Todd A. Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Fallert Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
In the United States, lung infections consistently rank in the top 10 leading causes of death, accounting for >50,000 deaths annually. Moreover, >140,000 deaths occur annually as a result of chronic lung diseases, some of which may be complicated by an infectious process. The lung is constantly exposed to the environment and is susceptible to infectious complications caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Indeed, we are continually faced with the threat of morbidity and mortality associated with annual influenza virus infections, new respiratory viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV), and lung infections caused by antibiotic-resistant "ESKAPE pathogens" (three of which target the lung). This review highlights innate immune receptors and cell types that function to protect against infectious challenges to the respiratory system yet also may be associated with exacerbations in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Werner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Vacher G, Niculita-hirzel H, Roger T. Immune responses to airborne fungi and non-invasive airway diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 37:83-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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