1
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Dhar N, Mohamed E, Kirstein F, Williams M, Dorasamy S, van Zyl P, Robertson MJ, Anderson T, Harden LM, Jardine K, Veeraraghavan B, Wilson S, Tippoo P, Madhi SA, Kwatra G. Immune responses against group B Streptococcus monovalent and pentavalent capsular polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines in Balb/c mice. iScience 2023; 26:107380. [PMID: 37575182 PMCID: PMC10415928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization of pregnant women with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conjugate vaccine (CV) could protect young infants against invasive GBS disease. We evaluated the immunogenicity of investigational five GBS monovalent (serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V) CPS-tetanus toxoid (TT)-CV with adjuvant and GBS pentavalent CPS-TT-CV with adjuvant (GBS5-CV-adj) and without adjuvant (GBS5-CV-no-adj), in Balb/c mice. Aluminum phosphate was the adjuvant in the formulations, where included. The homotypic immunoglobulin G (IgG) geometric mean concentration (GMC) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titer (GMT) did not differ after the third dose of the GBS5-CV-adj vaccine compared with the monovalent counterparts for all five serotypes. The GBS5-CV-adj induced higher post-vaccination serotype-specific IgG GMCs and OPA GMTs compared to GBS5-CV-no_adj. The GBS5-CV with and without adjuvant should be considered for further development as a potential vaccine for pregnant women to protect their infants against invasive GBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Dhar
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lois M. Harden
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kimberly Jardine
- Wits Research Animal Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Shabir A. Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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2
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Trikamjee T, Basera W, Botha M, Facey-Thomas HE, Gaunt B, Genuneit J, Gray CL, Hadebe S, Hlela C, Kirstein F, Lunjani N, Mankahla A, Ramjith J, Levin M. Associations between Environmental dust composition and Atopic Dermatitis in urban and rural settings. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1013-1021. [PMID: 33595127 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures are involved in the pathogenesis of the allergic phenotype and in determining which individual triggers a person becomes sensitized to. Atopic dermatitis (AD) may modulate these effects through increased penetration through the skin modifying the immune system and AD may be triggered or intensified by environmental exposures. These exposures and immune-modulating factors may differ in urban and rural environments. OBJECTIVES To compare house dust composition in urban and rural settings and correlate them with AD outcomes. METHODS Dust samples were collected from the beds of 156 children aged 6 months to 3 years. 42% of participants had atopic dermatitis. Samples were analyzed for bacterial endotoxin, fungal (β-1,3-glucan) levels, and house dust mite, cockroach, dog, cat, mouse, and peanut allergen. Exposures were compared in urban and rural environments and in participants with and without AD. RESULTS Endotoxin but not fungal β-glucan exposure is higher in the environment of healthy controls than children with AD in both urban and rural settings. House dust mite allergen exposure is high in urban and rural settings with Dermatophagoides detected in 100% of samples. Cat and dog allergen exposure mirrors pet ownership patterns which differ slightly between groups and environments. Mouse allergen exposure is higher in urban homes. CONCLUSION Environmental endotoxin may be protective against AD in both urban and rural settings. There are marked differences in allergen exposure in urban and rural settings, but these are unlikely to be important protective or risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulja Trikamjee
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wisdom Basera
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa
| | - Maresa Botha
- Division of Paediatric Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heidi E Facey-Thomas
- Division of Paediatric Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Gaunt
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Eastern Cape Department of Health, Zithulele Hospital, Mqanduli, South Africa
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia L Gray
- Division of Paediatric Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carol Hlela
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Frank Kirstein
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Avumile Mankahla
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Jordache Ramjith
- Department for Health Evidence, Biostatistics Research Group, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Levin
- Division of Paediatric Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of Worldwide Universities Network (WUN)
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3
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Hadebe S, Khumalo J, Mangali S, Mthembu N, Ndlovu H, Scibiorek M, Ngomti A, Kirstein F, Brombacher F. Deletion of IL-4Rα signaling on B cells limits hyperresponsiveness depending on antigen load. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 148:99-109.e5. [PMID: 33383090 PMCID: PMC8253118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play an important role in allergies through secretion of IgE. IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is key in allergic asthma and regulates type 2 cytokine production, IgE secretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. IL-4 activation of B cells is essential for class switching and contributes to the induction of B effector 2 (Be2) cells. The role of Be2 cells and signaling via IL-4Rα in B cells is not clearly defined. OBJECTIVE We sought to find out whether IL-4Rα-responsive B cells or Be2 function was essential in experimental allergic asthma. METHODS Mice lacking IL-4Rα on B cells (mb1creIL-4Rα-/lox) or littermate controls (IL-4Rα-/lox) and mice lacking IL-4 or IL-4/IL-13 on B cells were sensitized and challenged with high-dose house dust mite (>10 μg) or with low-dose house dust mite (<3 μg). We also adoptively transferred naive IL-4Rα-/lox or IL-4Rα-/- B cells into μMT-/- mice a day before sensitization or a day before challenge. We analyzed lung inflammation, cellular infiltrate, and airway hyperresponsiveness. RESULTS We found that IL-4Rα signaling on B cells was important for optimal TH2 allergic immune responses mainly when the load of antigen is limited. IL-4Rα signaling on B cells was essential for germinal centers and in the effector phase of allergic responses. Be2 cells were essential in airway hyperresponsiveness, but not in other parameters. CONCLUSIONS IL-4Rα signaling on B cells is deleterious in allergic asthma because it is required for optimal TH2 responses, Be2 function, germinal center formation, and T follicular helper cells, especially when the load of the antigen is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jermaine Khumalo
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandisiwe Mangali
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nontobeko Mthembu
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martyna Scibiorek
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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4
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Khumalo J, Kirstein F, Hadebe S, Brombacher F. IL-4Rα signaling in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells restrains airway inflammation via limiting local tissue IL-33. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136206. [PMID: 32931477 PMCID: PMC7605533 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired tolerance to innocuous particles during allergic asthma has been linked to increased plasticity of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) reprogramming into pathogenic effector cells, thus exacerbating airway disease. However, failure of tolerance mechanisms is driven by Th2 inflammatory signals. Therefore, the in vivo role of canonical IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) signaling, an essential driver of Th2-type airway responses to allergens, on the regulatory function of FoxP3+ Tregs in allergic asthma was explored. Here, we used transgenic Foxp3cre IL-4Rα-/lox and littermate control mice to investigate the role of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling via Tregs in house dust mite-induced (HDM-induced) allergic airway disease. We sensitized mice intratracheally on day 0, challenged them on days 6-10, and analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, mucus production, and cellular profile on day 14. In the absence of IL-4Rα responsiveness on FoxP3+ Tregs, exacerbated AHR and airway inflammation were shown in HDM-sensitized mice. Interestingly, reduced induction of FoxP3+ Tregs accompanied increased IL-33 alarmin production and type 2 innate lymphoid cell activation in the lung, exacerbating airway hyperreactivity and lung eosinophilia. Taken together, our findings indicate that IL-4Rα-unresponsive FoxP3+ Tregs result in exaggerated innate Th2-type, IL-33-dependent airway inflammation and a break in tolerance during allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine Khumalo
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), and
| | - Frank Kirstein
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology
| | - Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), and.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Khumalo J, Kirstein F, Scibiorek M, Hadebe S, Brombacher F. Therapeutic and prophylactic deletion of IL-4Ra-signaling ameliorates established ovalbumin induced allergic asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:1347-1360. [PMID: 31782803 PMCID: PMC7318634 DOI: 10.1111/all.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease driven predominantly by a TH2 immune response to environmental allergens. IL‐4Rα‐signaling is essential for driving TH2‐type immunity to allergens. Anti‐TH2 therapies have the potential to effectively reduce airway obstruction and inflammation in allergic asthma. Objective We investigated potential therapeutic effects of selective inhibition of this pathway in mice with established allergic airway disease. We further investigated whether IL‐4Rα disruption in systemically sensitized mice can prevent the onset of the disease. Methods We used RosacreERT2IL‐4Rα−/lox mice, a tamoxifen (TAM)‐inducible IL‐4Rα knockdown model to investigate the role of IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling prior to the onset of the disease and during the effector phase in the ovalbumin‐induced allergic airway disease. Results Inducible deletion of IL‐4Rα demonstrated therapeutic effects, on established allergic airway disease, and prevented the development of ovalbumin‐induced airway hyperreactivity, eosinophilia, and goblet cell metaplasia in allergen‐sensitized mice. Interestingly, IL‐4Rα knockdown after allergic sensitization did not induce TH17, a neutrophilic inflammatory response as observed in global IL‐4Rα‐deficient mice after intranasal allergen challenge. Conclusion Abrogation of IL‐4Rα signaling after allergic sensitization would have significant therapeutic benefit for TH2‐type allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine Khumalo
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Division of Immunology Health Science Faculty International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM) University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Martyna Scibiorek
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Division of Immunology Health Science Faculty International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM) University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Division of Immunology Health Science Faculty International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM) University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI‐Africa)Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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6
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Hadebe S, Kirstein F, Fierens K, Redelinghuys P, Murray GI, Williams DL, Lambrecht BN, Brombacher F, Brown GD. β-Glucan exacerbates allergic airway responses to house dust mite allergen. Respir Res 2016; 17:35. [PMID: 27039089 PMCID: PMC4818888 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β-(1,3)-Glucan is present in mould cell walls and frequently detected in house dust mite (HDM) faeces. β-Glucan exposure is thought to be associated with pulmonary allergic inflammation in mouse and man, although the published data are inconsistent. Here, we show that highly purified β-glucan exacerbates HDM-induced eosinophilic, T helper 2 type airway responses by acting as an adjuvant, promoting activation, proliferation and polarisation of HDM-specific T cells (1-Derβ T cells). We therefore provide definitive evidence that β-glucan can influence allergic pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Frank Kirstein
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kaat Fierens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Redelinghuys
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. .,Aberdeen Fungal Group, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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7
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Hadebe S, Kirstein F, Fierens K, Chen K, Drummond RA, Vautier S, Sajaniemi S, Murray G, Williams DL, Redelinghuys P, Reinhart TA, Junecko BAF, Kolls JK, Lambrecht BN, Brombacher F, Brown GD. Correction: Microbial Ligand Costimulation Drives Neutrophilic Steroid-Refractory Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137945. [PMID: 26348039 PMCID: PMC4562703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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8
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Hadebe S, Kirstein F, Fierens K, Chen K, Drummond RA, Vautier S, Sajaniemi S, Murray G, Williams DL, Redelinghuys P, Reinhart TA, Fallert Junecko BA, Kolls JK, Lambrecht BN, Brombacher F, Brown GD. Microbial Ligand Costimulation Drives Neutrophilic Steroid-Refractory Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134219. [PMID: 26261989 PMCID: PMC4532492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease whose etiology is poorly understood but is likely to involve innate responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. The influence of these components on pulmonary inflammation has been largely studied in the context of individual agonists, despite knowledge that they can have synergistic effects when used in combination. Here we have explored the effects of LPS and β-glucan, two commonly-encountered microbial agonists, on the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic respiratory responses to house dust mite allergen. Notably, sensitization with these microbial components in combination acted synergistically to promote robust neutrophilic inflammation, which involved both Dectin-1 and TLR-4. This pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation was corticosteroid-refractory, resembling that found in patients with severe asthma. Thus our results provide key new insights into how microbial components influence the development of respiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kaat Fierens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Drummond
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Vautier
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Sajaniemi
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graeme Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery and Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pierre Redelinghuys
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Todd A. Reinhart
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Fallert Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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9
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Darby M, Schnoeller C, Vira A, Culley FJ, Culley F, Bobat S, Logan E, Kirstein F, Wess J, Cunningham AF, Brombacher F, Selkirk ME, Horsnell WGC. The M3 muscarinic receptor is required for optimal adaptive immunity to helminth and bacterial infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004636. [PMID: 25629518 PMCID: PMC4309615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is regulated by cholinergic signalling through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We show here that signalling through the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) plays an important role in adaptive immunity to both Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, as M3R-/- mice were impaired in their ability to resolve infection with either pathogen. CD4 T cell activation and cytokine production were reduced in M3R-/- mice. Immunity to secondary infection with N. brasiliensis was severely impaired, with reduced cytokine responses in M3R-/- mice accompanied by lower numbers of mucus-producing goblet cells and alternatively activated macrophages in the lungs. Ex vivo lymphocyte stimulation of cells from intact BALB/c mice infected with N. brasiliensis and S. typhimurium with muscarinic agonists resulted in enhanced production of IL-13 and IFN-γ respectively, which was blocked by an M3R-selective antagonist. Our data therefore indicate that cholinergic signalling via the M3R is essential for optimal Th1 and Th2 adaptive immunity to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Corinna Schnoeller
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alykhan Vira
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fiona Jane Culley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, St.Mary's Campus, Praed Street, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Culley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, St.Mary's Campus, Praed Street, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saeeda Bobat
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Logan
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Murray E Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William G C Horsnell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gogishvili T, Lühder F, Kirstein F, Nieuwenhuizen NE, Goebbels S, Beer-Hammer S, Pfeffer K, Reuter S, Taube C, Brombacher F, Hünig T. Interruption of CD28-mediated costimulation during allergen challenge protects mice from allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1394-403.e4. [PMID: 23102920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a T(H)2-promoted hyperreactivity with an immediate, IgE, and mast cell-dependent response followed by eosinophil-dominated inflammation and airway obstruction. OBJECTIVE Because costimulation by CD28 is essential for T(H)2 but not T(H)1 responses, we investigated the effect of selective interference with this pathway in mice using the models of ovalbumin and house dust mite-induced airway inflammation. METHODS To study the role of CD28 in the effector phase of allergic airway inflammation, we developed an inducibly CD28-deleting mouse strain or alternatively used a CD28 ligand-binding site-specific mouse anti-mouse mAb blocking CD28 engagement. RESULTS We show that even after systemic sensitization to the allergen, interruption of CD28-mediated costimulation is highly effective in preventing airway inflammation during challenge. In addition to improving airway resistance and histopathologic presentation and reducing inflammatory infiltrates, antibody treatment during allergen challenge resulted in a marked relative increase in regulatory T-cell numbers among the CD4 T-cell subset of the challenged lung. CONCLUSION Selective interference with CD28-mediated costimulation during allergen exposure might be an attractive therapeutic concept for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Gogishvili
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Nieuwenhuizen NE, Kirstein F, Jayakumar J, Emedi B, Hurdayal R, Horsnell WGC, Lopata AL, Brombacher F. Allergic airway disease is unaffected by the absence of IL-4Rα-dependent alternatively activated macrophages. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:743-750.e8. [PMID: 22552110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Markers of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) are upregulated in the lungs of asthmatic patients and in mice with allergic airway disease. AAMs are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease by virtue of their decreased NO production and increased production of proline and polyamines, which are important in the synthesis of connective tissues such as collagen. OBJECTIVE We aimed to define the role of AAMs in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease. METHODS The IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) gene is genetically abrogated in macrophages in LysM(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice, which therefore have impaired IL-4/IL-13 activation of AAMs through IL-4R types 1 and 2. Responses of LysM(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice and IL-4Rα(-/lox) littermate controls were examined in ovalbumin- and house dust mite-induced allergic airway disease. RESULTS IL-4Rα expression was shown to be efficiently depleted from alveolar macrophages, interstitial macrophages, and CD11b(+)MHCII(+) inflammatory macrophages. Although the expression of markers of AAMs such as Ym-1, arginase and found in inflammatory zone 1 was decreased in macrophages of LysM(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice in chronic ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease, airway hyperreactivity, T(H)2 responses, mucus hypersecretion, eosinophil infiltration, and collagen deposition were not significantly reduced. LysM(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice and littermate controls also developed similar responses in acute ovalbumin- and house dust mite-induced allergic airway disease. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the presence of AAMs in allergic airway disease may be only an association, as a result of the increased T(H)2 responses present during disease, and that IL-4Rα-dependent AAMs do not play an important role in the pathology of disease.
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Hoving JC, Kirstein F, Nieuwenhuizen NE, Fick LCE, Hobeika E, Reth M, Brombacher F. B cells that produce immunoglobulin E mediate colitis in BALB/c mice. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:96-108. [PMID: 21983080 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Induction of colitis in mice by administration of oxazolone is mediated by T-helper (Th) 2 cells and has features of human ulcerative colitis. We investigated whether activation of interleukin (IL)-4Rα on T and B cells determines their effector functions and mediates oxazolone-induced colitis. METHODS We studied induction of colitis with oxazolone in wild-type mice and those with CD4(+) T cells that did not express IL-4Rα (Lck(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox)). We also generated mice with B cells that did not express IL-4Rα (mb1(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox)) and studied induction of colitis. RESULTS Lck(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice did not develop colitis in response to oxazolone, and their levels of IL-4, IL-13, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E were reduced. Adoptive transfer of naïve, wild-type CD4(+) Th cells depleted of natural killer T cells to Lck(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice restored their susceptibility to colitis. In contrast, Lck(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice maintained their protection against colitis when IL-13-deficient CD4(+) T cells were transferred. These findings indicate that development of colitis involves not only natural killer T-cell functions, but also requires IL-13 production by CD4(+) T helper cells. Mb1(cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice, which cannot produce IgE, were also protected against oxazolone-induced colitis. Blocking IgE binding significantly reduced mast cell numbers in colons and protected wild-type BALB/c mice from the onset of colitis. CONCLUSIONS IL-4 appears to induce CD4(+) Th2 cells to produce IL-13 and B cells to produce IgE, which together mediate oxazolone-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Hoving
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Fouche G, Nieuwenhuizen N, Maharaj V, van Rooyen S, Harding N, Nthambeleni R, Jayakumar J, Kirstein F, Emedi B, Meoni P. Investigation of in vitro and in vivo anti-asthmatic properties of Siphonochilus aethiopicus. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133:843-849. [PMID: 21075193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs, characterized by increased sensitivity to bronchoconstriction associated with infiltration of immune cells, mucus hypersecretion and structural remodelling of the airways. In South Africa, the indigenous plant Siphonochilus aethiopicus, is used by traditional health practitioners to treat colds, wheezing of the chest, coughs, influenza, sinus problems and mild asthma. In this study we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of S. aethiopicus in vitro and its efficacy in a mouse model of allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried and powdered S. aethiopicus plant material was extracted separately with organic solvents (diethyl ether, ethanol) and water. Dried extracts as well as a purified furanoterpenoid compound present in the extracts were screened in vitro in a glucocorticoid and histamine H(1) receptor binding assay and a phosphodiesterase IV enzyme inhibition assay. Extracts were also evaluated for efficacy against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease in mice. RESULTS Biological assaying of extracts of the plant and the isolated furanoterpenoid showed significant in vitro inhibition of glucocorticoid and histamine H(1) receptor binding and phosphodiesterase IV activity, supporting a possible anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and bronchodilatory effect. Administration of S. aethiopicus extracts to OVA-sensitized and challenged mice significantly reduced lung inflammation and the percentage of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but did not influence airway hyperreactivity. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that S. aethiopicus has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties in vitro and in vivo. These findings may support anecdotal accounts of its effectiveness against asthma, sinusitis, colds and flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Fouche
- Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Horsnell WGC, Vira A, Kirstein F, Mearns H, Hoving JC, Cutler AJ, Dewals B, Myburgh E, Kimberg M, Arendse B, White N, Lopata A, Burger PE, Brombacher F. IL-4Rα-responsive smooth muscle cells contribute to initiation of TH2 immunity and pulmonary pathology in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:83-92. [PMID: 20737001 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections generate pulmonary pathologies that can be associated with strong T(H)2 polarization of the host's immune response. We present data demonstrating N. brasiliensis-driven airway mucus production to be dependent on smooth muscle cell interleukin 4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα) responsiveness. At days 7 and 10 post infection (PI), significant airway mucus production was found in IL-4Rα(-/lox) control mice, whereas global knockout (IL-4Rα(-/-)) and smooth muscle-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mice (SM-MHC(Cre) IL-4Rα(-/lox)) showed reduced airway mucus responses. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-5 cytokine production in SM-MHC(Cre) IL-4Rα(-/lox) mice was impaired along with a transient reduction in T-cell numbers in the lung. In vitro treatment of smooth muscle cells with secreted N. brasiliensis excretory-secretory antigen (NES) induced IL-6 production. Decreased protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent smooth muscle cell proliferation associated with cell cycle arrest was found in cells stimulated with NES. Together, these data demonstrate that both IL-4Rα and NES-driven responses by smooth muscle cells make important contributions in initiating T(H)2 responses against N. brasiliensis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G C Horsnell
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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van der Ventel ML, Nieuwenhuizen NE, Kirstein F, Hikuam C, Jeebhay MF, Swoboda I, Brombacher F, Lopata AL. Differential responses to natural and recombinant allergens in a murine model of fish allergy. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:637-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kirstein F, Horsnell WGC, Kuperman DA, Huang X, Erle DJ, Lopata AL, Brombacher F. Expression of IL-4 receptor alpha on smooth muscle cells is not necessary for development of experimental allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:347-54. [PMID: 20579713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airflow in the lungs of patients with allergic asthma is impaired by excessive mucus production and airway smooth muscle contractions. Elevated levels of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 are associated with this pathology. In vitro studies have suggested that IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) signaling on smooth muscle cells is critical for airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. OBJECTIVE To define the contribution of IL-4 and IL-13 to the onset of asthmatic pathology, the role of their key receptor IL-4Ralpha in smooth muscle cells was examined in vivo. METHODS By using transgenic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain(cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox) mice deficient in IL-4Ralpha in smooth muscle cells, in vivo effects of impaired IL-4Ralpha signaling in smooth muscle cells on the outcome of asthmatic disease were investigated for the first time. Allergic asthma was introduced in mice by repeated sensitization with ovalbumin/aluminum hydroxide on days 0, 7, and 14, followed by intranasal allergen challenge on days 21 to 23. Mice were investigated for the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, allergen-specific antibody production, T(h)2-type cytokine responses, and lung pathology. RESULTS Airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, mucus production, T(h)2 cytokine production, and specific antibody responses were unaffected in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain(cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox) mice compared with control animals. CONCLUSION The impairment of IL-4Ralpha on smooth muscle cells had no effect on major etiologic markers of allergic asthma. These findings suggest that IL-4Ralpha responsiveness in airway smooth muscle cells during the early phase of allergic asthma is not, as suggested, necessary for the outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kirstein
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town and International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Kirstein F. Narkosenasphyxie post laparotomiam. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1190862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lopata AL, Adams S, Kirstein F, Henwood N, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Jeebhay MF. Occupational allergy to latex among loom tuners in a textile factory. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144:64-8. [PMID: 17505139 DOI: 10.1159/000102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational allergy to latex is generally reported from occupational groups such as health care workers; however, few reports derive from other occupational settings. METHODS Two male subjects working as loom tuners in a textile manufacturing plant developed severe allergic reactions during the cutting and weaving of elastic bands, initially not suspected to contain latex constituents. Clinical evaluation and lung function tests were supplemented by skin prick testing, specific IgE evaluation and basophil activation assays with extracted elastic bands. RESULTS Both workers presented with rhinitis, episodes of tight chest and itchy eyes. Initial spirometry was normal with no significant reversibility; however, a histamine challenge test was positive in one worker. Skin prick testing to a battery of common inhalant allergens was negative; however, raised IgE levels were detected to latex using ImmunoCAP. On further testing, the specific IgE response was directed mainly to the major latex allergens rHev b 5, rHev b 6.01, rHev b 6.02 and nHev b 13. Basophils of the two workers, but not the unaffected control subjects, were strongly activated by extracts of the elastic and the cutting dust material. CONCLUSIONS Workers are at high risk of becoming sensitised to latex allergens when exposed to excessive dust produced by loom tuning machines. Latex sensitisation should therefore be considered in workers developing unexplained work-related allergic reactions (including asthma) associated with unlabelled materials in the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Lopata
- Allergy and Asthma Research Group, Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Gray JS, Kirstein F, Robertson JN, Stein J, Kahl O. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents in a recreational park in south-western Ireland. Exp Appl Acarol 1999; 23:717-729. [PMID: 10581711 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006233700194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were numerous on the edges of paths and roads in a recreational park in south-western Ireland. The abundance of ticks at different sites was related to the presence of deer, but a negative relationship was shown between tick abundance and tick infection rates. This is thought to be due to the deposition of large numbers of uninfected ticks by deer, which are apparently not good reservoir hosts of B. burgdorferi s.l. Blood meal analysis only detected deer DNA in uninfected nymphs. Reservoir competent rodents, Apodemus sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus, were abundant at all sites and a high proportion of captured specimens were infested with larval ticks. However, very few rodents were infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. and none of the unfed infected nymphs analysed for the identity of their larval blood meal had fed on rodents. The spirochaetes detected in I. ricinus in the study area may be poorly adapted to rodents or are not transmitted readily because of the absence of nymphal infestation. The majority of spirochaetes in these ticks were apparently acquired from non-rodent hosts, such as birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gray
- University College Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Kahl O, Gern L, Gray JS, Guy EC, Jongejan F, Kirstein F, Kurtenbach K, Rijpkema SG, Stanek G. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks: immunofluorescence assay versus polymerase chain reaction. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1998; 287:205-10. [PMID: 9563196 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(98)80122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were examined as methods for detecting Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochaetes in unfed Ixodes ricinus nymphs. Although similar results were produced in some cases, a great deal of variation occurred. Furthermore, in both the highly controlled initial laboratory study, involving 252 shared samples, and the study on field-collected ticks (n = 460), the IFA tended to detect more infected ticks than the PCR. The basis for these findings are as yet undetermined. The development of a quality assurance scheme is recommended so that laboratories can validate their methods and a preliminary feasibility study suggested that such a scheme is practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kahl
- Institut für Angewandte Zoologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Kirstein F, Rijpkema S, Molkenboer M, Gray JS. Local variations in the distribution and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:1102-6. [PMID: 9055424 PMCID: PMC168399 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.3.1102-1106.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfed nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from five locations within the 10,000-ha Killarney National Park, Ireland. The distribution and prevalence of the genomospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the ticks were investigated by PCR amplification of the intergenic spacer region between the 5S and 23S rRNA genes and by reverse line blotting with genomospecies-specific oligonucleotide probes. The prevalence of ticks infected with B. burgdorferi sensu lato was significantly variable between the five locations, ranging from 11.5 to 28.9%. Four genomospecies were identified as B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and VS116. Additionally, untypeable B. burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies were identified in two nymphs. VS116 was the most prevalent of the genomospecies and was identified in 50% of the infected ticks. Prevalences of B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto were similar (17 and 18%, respectively); however, significant differences were observed in the prevalence of these genomospecies in mixed infections (58.8 and 23.5%, respectively). Notably, the prevalence of B. afzelii was low, comprising 9.6 and 7.4%, respectively, of single and mixed infections. Significant variability was observed in the distribution and prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies between locations in the park, and the diversity and prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies was typically associated with woodland. The distributions of B. burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies were similar in wooded areas and in areas bordering woodland, although the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato infection was typically reduced. Spatial distributions vegetation composition, and host cenosis of the habitats were identified as factors which may affect the distribution and prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies within the park.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kirstein
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Kirstein F, Rijpkema S, Molkenboer M, Gray JS. The distribution and prevalence of B. burgdorferi genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Ireland. Eur J Epidemiol 1997; 13:67-72. [PMID: 9062782 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007360422975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Questing Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from six locations throughout Ireland and 638 nymphs, 111 females and 118 males were investigated for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensulato (s.l.). The total prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in the ticks was determined as 14.9% by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the spacer region of 5S-23S rRNA genes. Infection prevalence was significantly higher in adult (20.1%) Ixodes ricinus compared to nymphs (13.1%). The prevalence of infection in adult male and female ticks was similar (19.5% and 20.7% respectively). The genomospecies B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, B. garinii and group VS116 were identified by reverse line blot (RLB) using genomospecies specific oligonucleotide probes. The most prevalent B. burgdorferi genomospecies identified were VS116 (34.6%), B. garinii (24.3%) and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (18.4%). B. afzelii was uncommon (6.6%). Multiple infections were observed in 13.2% of the infected ticks. The distribution of the genomospecies showed geographical variation and also seemed to be influenced by the nature of the habitat. A broad range of genomospecies seemed to be associated with the presence of a wide spectrum of potential reservoir hosts in the habitat and also with a high overall prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kirstein
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Kirstein F, Gray JS. A molecular marker for the identification of the zoonotic reservoirs of Lyme borreliosis by analysis of the blood meal in its European vector Ixodes ricinus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4060-5. [PMID: 8899988 PMCID: PMC168227 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.11.4060-4065.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene as a molecular marker for the discrimination of the reservoir host species of the Lyme borreliosis spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), in its European vector Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) was determined. Degenerate PCR primers were designed which amplified orthologous regions of the cytochrome b gene in several animal species which act as B. burgdorferi s.l. reservoirs and hosts for I. ricinus. PCR products were amplified and characterized by hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 638-bp PCR product with HaeIII and DdeI revealed unique restriction fragment profiles, which allowed the taxonomic identification of animals to the genus level. A system was devised for the detection of the larval host blood meal from the remnants in unfed nymphal I. ricinus ticks by nested PCR amplification. An inverse correlation was demonstrated between amplicon size and successful PCR amplification of host DNA from the nymphal stage of the tick. The stability of the cytochrome b product as a marker for the identification of the larval host species in the nymphal instar was demonstrated up to 200 days after larval ingestion (approximately 165 days after molting) by reverse line blotting with a host-specific probe. This assay has the potential for the determination of the reservoir hosts of B. burgdorferi s.l. by using extracts from the same individual ticks for both the identification of the host species and the detection of the Lyme borreliosis spirochete.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kirstein
- Environmental Resource Management, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Kirstein F, Garcia B, Zhong R, Rogers K, Ohene-Fianko D, Hashimoto T, Grant D. Characterization of villi appearing in segmental colon transplants. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2462. [PMID: 8907902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Kirstein
- University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
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Kirstein F. I. Warum und zu welchem Ende treiben wir Konstitutionsforschung? Gynecol Obstet Invest 1925. [DOI: 10.1159/000301554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kirstein F. Zur Lehre vom engen Becken 2). Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1924. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1133258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kirstein F. Homogenisierung der Röntgenstrahlen mittels eines Gewebsäquivalentfilters. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1921. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1140577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kirstein F. III. über die Deyke-Muchschen Partialantigene. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1921. [DOI: 10.1159/000297547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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