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Dora K, Tsukamoto H, Suga T, Tomoo K, Suzuki A, Adachi Y, Takeshita M, Kato Y, Kawasaki M, Sato W, Imaizumi A, Karakawa S, Uchida H, Hashimoto T. Essential amino acid supplements ingestion has a positive effect on executive function after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22644. [PMID: 38114553 PMCID: PMC10730626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise acutely improves cognitive function (e.g., executive function (EF); memory recognition (MR)) and increases circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ingestion acutely shortens the choice reaction time and increases brain BDNF. We examined whether the ingestion of essential amino acid (EAA) supplements (mainly composed of BCAA) would positively impact on cognitive function and circulating BDNF after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Twenty-two healthy young men received either an EAA supplements or the placebo (PL) 30 min before undergoing aerobic exercise. The participants performed a cycling exercise at 60% of peak oxygen uptake for 30 min. EF after aerobic exercise was better after the EAA treatment than after the PL treatment (P = 0.02). MR (P = 0.38 for response accuracy; P = 0.15 for reaction time) and circulating BDNF (P = 0.59) were not altered by EAA supplements. EF improvement was correlated with increases in some amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine; all Ps < 0.05) that are potential substrates for synthesizing neurotransmitters in the brain. These results suggest that EAA supplements ingestion had a positive effect on EF after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, while MR and BDNF were not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Dora
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suga
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Keigo Tomoo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Asuka Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takeshita
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Kawasaki
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachise Karakawa
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Uchida
- Sports Nutrition Department, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Takeshita M, Tabara Y, Setoh K, Nagao K, Imaizumi A, Kageyama Y, Matsuda F. Development of a plasma-free amino acid-based risk score for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a general population: The Nagahama study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2512-2519. [PMID: 37922695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Levels of circulating amino acids (AAs) have been suggested to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to develop a plasma-free amino acid (PFAA)-based CVD risk-prediction model in a general population. METHODS The study participants consisted of 9220 community residents (mean age, 53.2 years; standard deviation, 13.3 years). Circulating levels of 19 PFAAs were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The incidence of CVDs was determined by reviewing participants' clinical records. The prediction model was developed using the Cox proportional hazards model with the brute force variable selection and then cross-validated. RESULTS During the 8.5-year follow-up, 220 CVD events were observed. Six AAs (alanine, citrulline, glycine, histidine, serine, and tyrosine) were identified as components of the prediction model, of which the C-index was 0.72. The association between the fourth quartile of the risk score calculated using the prediction model and the CVD events was independent of conventional risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95 % confidence interval, 1.1-3.3). When examining crude relationships between conventional risk factors and the PFAA-based risk score by subgroup analyses, the association was significant for most subpopulations, men [crude HR = 6.4 (2.0-20.2)] and women [crude HR = 4.9 (2.6-9.3)], and individuals with [crude HR = 4.7 (2.5-8.9)] and without [crude HR = 7.2 (2.7-18.9)] lifestyle-related diseases, but not for older (≥70 years) participants [crude HR = 3.3 (0.8-13.5)]. The risk score successfully identified at-risk individuals [HR = 2.1 (1.2-3.5)] from participants who were classified as low risk by a conventional CVD risk score. CONCLUSIONS The PFAA-based risk score predicted CVD events independently of conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Takeshita
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoinkawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Kita-ando 4-27-2, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Setoh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoinkawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Kita-ando 4-27-2, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan.
| | - Kenji Nagao
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1, Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yoko Kageyama
- AminoIndex Department, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-15-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 104-0031, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoinkawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Kungsuwan K, Sawangrat C, Ounjaijean S, Chaipoot S, Phongphisutthinant R, Wiriyacharee P. Enhancing Bioactivity and Conjugation in Green Coffee Bean ( Coffea arabica) Extract through Cold Plasma Treatment: Insights into Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic-Protein Conjugates. Molecules 2023; 28:7066. [PMID: 37894545 PMCID: PMC10609076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold plasma technology is gaining attention as a promising approach to enhancing the bioactivity of plant extracts. However, its impact on green coffee bean extracts (GCBEs) still needs to be explored. In this study, an innovative underwater plasma jet system was employed to investigate the effects of cold plasma on Coffea arabica GCBEs, focusing on the conjugation reflected by the change in composition and bioactivity. The DPPH radical scavenging antioxidant activity exhibited a gradual increase with plasma treatment up to 35 min, followed by a decline. Remarkably, at 35 min, the plasma treatment resulted in a significant 66% increase in the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the GCBE. The total phenolic compound content also displayed a similar increasing trend to the DPPH radical scavenging activity. However, the phenolic profile analysis indicated a significant decrease in chlorogenic acids and caffeine. Furthermore, the chemical composition analysis revealed a decrease in free amino acids, while sucrose remained unchanged. Additionally, the SDS-PAGE results suggested a slight increase in protein size. The observed enhancement in antioxidant activity, despite the reduction in the two major antioxidants in the GCBE, along with the increase in protein size, might suggest the occurrence of conjugation processes induced by plasma, particularly involving proteins and phenolic compounds. Notably, the plasma treatment exhibited no adverse effects on the extract's safety, as confirmed by the MTT assay. These findings indicate that cold plasma treatment holds significant promise in improving the functional properties of GCBE while ensuring its safety. Incorporating cold plasma technology into the processing of natural extracts may offer exciting opportunities for developing novel and potent antioxidant-rich products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntapas Kungsuwan
- Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Choncharoen Sawangrat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Agriculture and Bio Plasma Technology Center (ABPlas), Thai Korean Research Collaboration Center (TKRCC), Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Supakit Chaipoot
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute (MDRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rewat Phongphisutthinant
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute (MDRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pairote Wiriyacharee
- Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute (MDRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellent in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Turner C, Refsum H, Bastani NE. Determination of underivatized amino acids in human plasma using ion pair liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123893. [PMID: 37801792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of amino acids (AA) is essential for several applications, including clinical research, food analysis, and pharmaceutical studies. In this study, we developed an analytical method based on liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-ESI-MS/MS). This method was devised to accurately quantify a spectrum of amino acids, notably taurine, creatinine, glutathione (GSH), and sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) such as methionine, cysteine, and homocysteine, using only 10 μL of human plasma. A stable isotope derivative of each AA is used as an internal standard (IS) for accurate quantification. For retention and separation on a C18 column, heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) was employed as an ion pair agent. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive mode with the precursor-to-product ion transitions at m/z is used for quantification. The method showed excellent linearity for all AA with a high correlation coefficient (r > 0.9927). The linear fit indicates that the detector response is linear over the tested range of standard concentrations. The accuracy and precision of the method were within the acceptable range of 92-110% and < 15%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.001-1.80 µM and 0.004-6.0 µM, respectively. No significant ion suppression or carry over was observed. In conclusion, the assay was validated and found to have adequate accuracy, precision, linearity, sensitivity and selectivity. The assay has been successfully applied to the analysis of human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway.
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5
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Abdel-Aal FAM, Kamel RM, Abdeltawab AA, Mohamed FA, Mohamed AMI. Polypyrrole/carbon dot nanocomposite as an electrochemical biosensor for liquid biopsy analysis of tryptophan in the human serum of normal and breast cancer women. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4985-5001. [PMID: 37401962 PMCID: PMC10386971 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy analysis represents a suitable alternative analysis procedure in several cases where no tumor tissue is available or in poor patient conditions. Amino acids can play a crucial role in aiding cancer diagnosis. Monitoring of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism can aid in tracking cancer progression. Therefore, a novel nanocomposite was fabricated using overoxidized polypyrrole film doped with nano-carbon dots (nano-CDs) on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface for sensitive evaluation of Trp in human serum. Using square wave voltammetry (SWV), the overoxidized polypyrrole/carbon dots/pencil graphite electrode (Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE) achieved excellent electrochemical catalytic activity for evaluating Trp. The modified electrode, known as Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE, demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic activity compared to bare PGE, CDs/PGE, PPy/PGE, and PPy/CDs/PGE for evaluation of Trp. The method's excellent sensitivity was confirmed by the low limits of detection (LOD = 0.003 μmol L-1) and limit of quantitation (LOQ = 0.009 μmol L-1). The biosensor that was developed can measure tryptophan (Trp) levels in the serum of both healthy individuals and female breast cancer patients with high accuracy and sensitivity. The results indicate that there is a significant difference, as shown by the F-test, between healthy individuals and those with breast cancer. This suggests that Trp amino acid could be an essential biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Consequently, liquid biopsy analysis presents a valuable opportunity for early disease detection, particularly for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A M Abdel-Aal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Abdeltawab
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Fardous A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Maaboud I Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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6
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Osawa Y, Candia J, Abe Y, Tajima T, Oguma Y, Arai Y. Plasma amino acid signature for sarcopenic phenotypes in community-dwelling octogenarians: Results from the Kawasaki Aging Wellbeing Project. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112230. [PMID: 37286061 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is one of the primary risk factors for various adverse health events in later life. However, its pathophysiology in the very old population remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to examine whether plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) correlate with major sarcopenic phenotypes (i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) in community-dwelling adults aged 85-89 years living in Japan. Cross-sectional data from the Kawasaki Aging Well-being Project were used. We included 133 adults aged 85-89 years. In this study, fasting blood was collected to measure 20 plasma PFAAs. Measures for the three major sarcopenic phenotypes included appendicular lean mass assessed by multifrequency bioimpedance, isometric handgrip strength, and gait speed from a 5 m walk at a usual pace. Furthermore, we used phenotype-specific elastic net regression models adjusted for age centered at 85 years, sex, body mass index, education level, smoking status, and drinking habit to identify significant PFAAs for each sarcopenic phenotype. Higher histidine and lower alanine levels were associated with poor gait speed, but no PFAAs correlated with muscle strength or mass. In conclusion, PFAAs such as plasma histidine and alanine are novel blood biomarkers associated with physical performance in community-dwelling adults aged 85 years or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Osawa
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan; Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Julián Candia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tajima
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan; Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Oguma
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan; Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Hayashi T, Wada N, Kubota T, Koizumi C, Sakurai Y, Aihara M, Usami S, Yamauchi T, Kubota N. Associations of sleep quality with the skeletal muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:801-810. [PMID: 36934440 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are reported to be at a high risk for sarcopenia, and are known to have a poorer sleep quality. However, the association between sleep quality and skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is not yet precisely understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 110 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 40-90 years were enrolled. The sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength was evaluated by measuring the grip strength. We also performed dietary surveys and measurements of the plasma amino acid levels. RESULTS A high total score on the PSQI was significantly associated with reduced muscle strength, and the association persisted even after adjustments for confounders. On the other hand, adjusted analysis did not reveal any significant associations between the PSQI total score and the skeletal muscle mass. In regard to the associations with subscores of the PSQI, the scores for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction were significantly negatively associated with the muscle strength. Although poor sleep quality was associated with a high confectionery intake and low plasma arginine, citrulline, and ornithine levels, neither confectionery intake levels nor the plasma levels of these amino acids was associated with the muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a significant association between the sleep quality and muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These results suggest that poor sleep quality is an important risk factor for sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Wada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohashi Hospital, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Koizumi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakurai
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Aihara
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Ikeuchi T, Kanda M, Kitamura H, Morikawa F, Toru S, Nishimura C, Kasuga K, Tokutake T, Takahashi T, Kuroha Y, Miyazawa N, Tanaka S, Utsumi K, Ono K, Yano S, Hamano T, Naruse S, Yajima R, Kawashima N, Kaneko C, Tachibana H, Yano Y, Kato Y, Toue S, Jinzu H, Kitamura A, Yokoyama Y, Kaneko E, Yamakado M, Nagao K. Decreased circulating branched-chain amino acids are associated with development of Alzheimer's disease in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1040476. [PMID: 36590218 PMCID: PMC9794986 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional epidemiology has shown that inadequate dietary protein intake is associated with poor brain function in the elderly population. The plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profile reflects nutritional status and may have the potential to predict future changes in cognitive function. Here, we report the results of a 2-year interim analysis of a 3-year longitudinal study following mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants. Method In a multicenter prospective cohort design, MCI participants were recruited, and fasting plasma samples were collected. Based on clinical assessment of cognitive function up to 2 years after blood collection, MCI participants were divided into two groups: remained with MCI or reverted to cognitively normal ("MCI-stable," N = 87) and converted to Alzheimer's disease (AD) ("AD-convert," N = 68). The baseline PFAA profile was compared between the two groups. Stratified analysis based on apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele possession was also conducted. Results Plasma concentrations of all nine essential amino acids (EAAs) were lower in the AD-convert group. Among EAAs, three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), valine, leucine and isoleucine, and histidine (His) exhibited significant differences even in the logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and APOE ε4 possession (p < 0.05). In the stratified analysis, differences in plasma concentrations of these four EAAs were more pronounced in the APOE ε4-negative group. Conclusion The PFAA profile, especially decreases in BCAAs and His, is associated with development of AD in MCI participants, and the difference was larger in the APOE ε4-negative population, suggesting that the PFAA profile is an independent risk indicator for AD development. Measuring the PFAA profile may have importance in assessing the risk of AD conversion in the MCI population, possibly reflecting nutritional status. Clinical trial registration [https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000025322], identifier [UMIN000021965].
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Takeshi Ikeuchi,
| | - Mayuka Kanda
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kitamura
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Asahikawa Keisenkai Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shuta Toru
- Department of Neurology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tokutake
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Kuroha
- Department of Neurology, Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miyazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kofu Neurosurgical Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Utsumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Sunagawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naruse
- Department of Neurology, Midori Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yajima
- Department of Neurology, Midori Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuki Yano
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sakino Toue
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Jinzu
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Yokoyama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kaneko
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Nagao
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan,*Correspondence: Kenji Nagao,
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9
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Kawamori D, Kageyama Y, Tanaka T, Ishizaka Y, Hosoe S, Katakami N, Shimomura I. Characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 14:111-121. [PMID: 36151993 PMCID: PMC9807144 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION In addition to absolute insulin deficiency, dysregulated glucagon in type 1 diabetes is considered pathophysiologically important. Previously, we confirmed the presence of dysregulated glucagon in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, and found a significant correlation between plasma glucagon and blood urea nitrogen levels, suggesting an association between glucagon and amino acid metabolism. In this study, we evaluated plasma amino acid levels in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes in the context of their functional relationship with glucagon. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed plasma free amino acid levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 77 Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, and statistically analyzed their characteristics and relationships with clinical parameters, including glucagon. RESULTS Participants with type 1 diabetes showed a large decrease in glutamate levels together with a characteristic change in plasma free amino acid profiles. The network structural prediction analyses showed correlations between each amino acid and glucagon in type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Participants with type 1 diabetes showed characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles compared with controls and type 2 diabetes patients. Glucagon showed a closer correlation with amino acids than with parameters of glucose metabolism, suggesting that type 1 diabetes includes dysregulation in amino acids through dysregulated glucagon from remaining pancreatic α-cells, together with that in glucose by insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kawamori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Medical Education Center, Faculty of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Postgraduate Medical Training Center, Osaka University HospitalOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Research and Business Planning DepartmentAjinomoto Co. IncTokyoJapan,Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine ChemicalsAjinomoto Co. Inc.Kawasaki, KanagawaJapan
| | - Yuko Ishizaka
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and ServicesMitsui Memorial HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shigero Hosoe
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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10
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Wang Q, Molinero-Fernandez A, Casanova A, Titulaer J, Campillo-Brocal JC, Konradsson-Geuken Å, Crespo GA, Cuartero M. Intradermal Glycine Detection with a Wearable Microneedle Biosensor: The First In Vivo Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11856-11864. [PMID: 35979995 PMCID: PMC9434558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glycine (GLY) is gaining importance in medical diagnoses
due to
its relationship with multiple physiological functions. Today, GLY
is exclusively analyzed using instrumentation centralized in clinical
labs, and a tangible point-of-care tool that gathers real-time data
from the patient for effective and fast evaluations is lacking. Relevant
clinical advances are expected as soon as the rapid provision of both
punctual and continuous measurements is possible. In that context,
this work presents a microneedle (MN)-based biosensor for intradermal
GLY detection in interstitial fluid (ISF). The MN tip is externally
tailored to detect GLY levels through the hydrogen peroxide formed
in its reaction with a quinoprotein-based GLY oxidase enzyme. The
analytical performance of the MN biosensor indicates a fast response
time (<7 s); acceptable reversibility, reproducibility, and stability;
as well as a wide linear range of response (25–600 μM)
that covers the physiological levels of GLY in ISF. The MN biosensor
conveniently exhibits high selectivity for GLY over other compounds
commonly found in ISF, and the response is not influenced by temperature,
pH, or skin insertions. Validated intradermal measurements of GLY
were obtained at the in vitro (with pieces of rat skin), ex vivo (on-body
tests of euthanized rats) and in vivo (on-body tests of anesthetized
rats) levels, demonstrating its ability to produce accurate physiological
data. The developed GLY MN biosensor is skin-wearable and provides
reliable, real-time intradermal GLY measurements in ISF by means of
a minimally invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agueda Molinero-Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Casanova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joep Titulaer
- Section of Neuropharmacology and Addiction Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonatan C Campillo-Brocal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Åsa Konradsson-Geuken
- Section of Neuropharmacology and Addiction Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gaston A Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Ikeuchi T, Yano Y, Sato W, Morikawa F, Toru S, Nishimura C, Miyazawa N, Kuroha Y, Koike R, Tanaka S, Utsumi K, Kasuga K, Tokutake T, Ono K, Yano S, Naruse S, Yajima R, Hamano T, Yokoyama Y, Kitamura A, Kaneko E, Yamakado M, Nagao K. Development of a Novel Nutrition-Related Multivariate Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Plasma Free Amino Acid Profile. Nutrients 2022; 14:637. [PMID: 35276996 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional epidemiology has shown the importance of protein intake for maintaining brain function in the elderly population. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be associated with malnutrition, especially protein intake. We explored blood-based biomarkers linking protein nutritional status with MCI in a multicenter study. In total, 219 individuals with MCI (79.5 ± 5.7 year) from 10 institutions and 220 individuals who were cognitively normal (CN, 76.3 ± 6.6 year) in four different cities in Japan were recruited. They were divided into the training (120 MCI and 120 CN) and validation (99 MCI and 100 CN) groups. A model involving concentrations of PFAAs and albumin to discriminate MCI from CN individuals was constructed by multivariate logistic regression analysis in the training dataset, and the performance was evaluated in the validation dataset. The concentrations of some essential amino acids and albumin were significantly lower in MCI group than CN group. An index incorporating albumin and PFAA discriminated MCI from CN participants with the AUC of 0.705 (95% CI: 0.632–0.778), and the sensitivities at specificities of 90% and 60% were 25.3% and 76.8%, respectively. No significant association with BMI or APOE status was observed. This cross-sectional study suggests that the biomarker changes in MCI group may be associated with protein nutrition.
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12
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Ishikawa R, Saito K, Matsumura T, Arai K, Yamauchi S, Goda R, Tachiki H, Kawabata M, Nitta SI, Nagao A, Suga T, Uchiyama H, Nakai K, Asahina K, Yamaoka M, Saito Y. A multilaboratory validation study of LC/MS biomarker assays for three lysophosphatidylcholines. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1533-46. [PMID: 34696608 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although the fit-for-purpose approach has been proposed for validation procedures and acceptance criteria for biomarker assays, practical biomarker assays to facilitate clinical application and regulatory documents on biomarker assays remain limited. Materials & methods: We assigned six independent laboratories and selected three lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs): LPC(16:0), LPC(18:0) and LPC(18:1) as model biomarkers. Using LC-MS, the following key validation parameters were evaluated: calibration curve, carryover, parallelism, precision and relative accuracy and these values were similar among all laboratories. Further, we determined LPC levels in six lots of rat plasma at unknown concentrations and compared them among the laboratories. Conclusion: Our multilaboratory validation and reproducibility data are useful for the development of future biomarker assay validation procedures, as well as regulatory documents.
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13
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Campillo-Brocal JC, Jiménez-Quero A, Crespo GA, Cuartero M. Electrochemical biosensor for glycine detection in biological fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 182:113154. [PMID: 33773381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present herein the very first amperometric biosensor for the quantitative determination of glycine in diverse biological fluids. The biosensor is based on a novel quinoprotein that catalyzes the oxidation of glycine with high specificity. This process is coupled to the redox conversion of Prussian blue in the presence of hydrogen peroxide originating from the enzymatic reaction. The optimized tailoring of the biosensor design consists of the effective encapsulation of the quinoprotein in a chitosan matrix with the posterior addition of an outer Nafion layer, which is here demonstrated to suppress matrix interference. This is particularly important in the case of ascorbic acid, which is known to influence the redox behavior of the Prussian blue. The analytical performance of the biosensor demonstrates fast response time (<7 s), acceptable reversibility, reproducibility, and stability (<6% variation) as well as a wide linear range of response (25-500 μM) that covers healthy (and even most unhealthy) physiological levels of glycine in blood/serum, urine and sweat. A total of 6 real samples from healthy patients and animals were analyzed: two serum, two urine and two sweat samples. The results were validated via commercially available fluorescence kit, displaying discrepancy of less than 9% in all the samples. The unique analytical features and effortless preparation of the new glycine biosensor position it at the forefront of current technologies towards decentralized clinical applications and sport performance monitoring.
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14
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15
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Rietjens IM, Tanaka T, Masuzawa Y, Nakamura H, Ishizaka Y, Teoh KN. A chemical-specific adjustment factor for human interindividual differences in kinetics for glutamates (E620-625). Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 147:111910. [PMID: 33309877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Use of a default methodology for establishment of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) resulted in a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for glutamates (E620-625) below the normal dietary glutamate intake, and also lower than the intake of free glutamate by breast fed babies. Use of a chemical-specific adjustment factor (CSAF) may overcome this problem. The present study investigates the interindividual human variability in glutamate plasma and brain levels in order to define a CSAF for the interindividual variation in kinetics, a HKAF, for glutamates. Human clinical data on plasma glutamate levels available from different groups of subjects at Mitsui Memorial Hospital as well as literature data on plasma and brain-related glutamate levels were collected and analysed. The median HKAF value obtained amounted to 2.62-2.74 to 2.33-2.52 for plasma derived values and to 1.68-1.81 for brain derived values. Combining these values with the CSAF for the interspecies differences in kinetics of 1 and the default factors for interspecies and interindividual differences in dynamics of 2.5 and 3.16 results in an overall CSAF of 16-20. Using this CSAF will result in a HBGV for glutamate that is no longer below the acceptable range of oral intake (AROI).
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16
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Nagao K, Kimura T. Use of plasma-free amino acids as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:79-85. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reviews developments regarding the use of plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles as biomarkers for detecting and predicting disease risk. This work was initiated and first published in 2006 and was subsequently developed by Ajinomoto Co., Inc. After commercialization in 2011, PFAA-based tests were adopted in over 1500 clinics and hospitals in Japan, and numerous clinician-led studies have been performed to validate these tests. Evidence is accumulating that PFAA profiles can be used for diabetes prediction and evaluation of frailty; in particular, decreased plasma essential amino acids could contribute to the pathophysiology of severe frailty. Integration of PFAA evaluation as a biomarker and effective essential amino acid supplementation, which improves physical and mental functions in the elderly, could facilitate the development of precision nutrition, including personalized solutions. This present review provides the background for the technology as well as more recent clinical findings, and offers future possibilities regarding the implementation of precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nagao
- the Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Takegaki J, Sase K, Yasuda J, Shindo D, Kato H, Toyoda S, Yamada T, Shinohara Y, Fujita S. The Effect of Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Anabolic and Catabolic Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle after Acute Resistance Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparison Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082421. [PMID: 32806711 PMCID: PMC7468954 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise transiently activates anabolic and catabolic systems in skeletal muscle. Leucine-enriched essential amino acids (LEAAs) are reported to stimulate the muscle anabolic response at a lower dose than whey protein. However, little is known regarding the effect of LEAA supplementation on the resistance exercise-induced responses of the anabolic and catabolic systems. Here, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison trial to investigate the effect of LEAA supplementation on mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the ubiquitin-proteasome system and inflammatory cytokines after a single bout of resistance exercise in young men. A total of 20 healthy young male subjects were supplemented with either 5 g of LEAA or placebo, and then they performed 10 reps in three sets of leg extensions and leg curls (70% one-repetition maximum). LEAA supplementation augmented the phosphorylation of mTORSer2448 (+77.1%, p < 0.05), p70S6KThr389 (+1067.4%, p < 0.05), rpS6Ser240/244 (+171.3%, p < 0.05) and 4EBP1Thr37/46 (+33.4%, p < 0.05) after resistance exercise. However, LEAA supplementation did not change the response of the ubiquitinated proteins, MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 expression. Additionally, the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 did not change. These data indicated that LEAA supplementation augments the effect of resistance exercise by enhancing mTORC1 signal activation after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Takegaki
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Kohei Sase
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (K.S.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (K.S.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Daichi Shindo
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo 104-8315, Japan; (D.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo 104-8315, Japan; (D.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (T.Y.)
| | - Sakiko Toyoda
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo 104-8315, Japan; (D.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (T.Y.)
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo 104-8315, Japan; (D.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yasushi Shinohara
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (K.S.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; (K.S.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-77-561-5229
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18
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Pérez-Ràfols C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors? Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4049. [PMID: 32708149 PMCID: PMC7411573 DOI: 10.3390/s20144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycine monitoring is gaining importance as a biomarker in clinical analysis due to its involvement in multiple physiological functions, which results in glycine being one of the most analyzed biomolecules for diagnostics. This growing demand requires faster and more reliable, while affordable, analytical methods that can replace the current gold standard for glycine detection, which is based on sample extraction with subsequent use of liquid chromatography or fluorometric kits for its quantification in centralized laboratories. This work discusses electrochemical sensors and biosensors as an alternative option, focusing on their potential application for glycine determination in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, the three most widely used matrices for glycine analysis with clinical meaning. For electrochemical sensors, voltammetry/amperometry is the preferred readout (10 of the 13 papers collected in this review) and metal-based redox mediator modification is the predominant approach for electrode fabrication (11 of the 13 papers). However, none of the reported electrochemical sensors fulfill the requirements for direct analysis of biological fluids, most of them lacking appropriate selectivity, linear range of response, and/or capability of measuring at physiological conditions. Enhanced selectivity has been recently reported using biosensors (with an enzyme element in the electrode design), although this is still a very incipient approach. Currently, despite the benefits of electrochemistry, only optical biosensors have been successfully reported for glycine detection and, from all the inspected works, it is clear that bioengineering efforts will play a key role in the embellishment of selectivity and storage stability of the sensing element in the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gastón A. Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; (C.P.-R.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (M.C.)
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19
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Seo C, Hwan Kim S, Lee HS, Park HJ, Kim Y, Ji M, Min J, Oh SJ, Lee K, Paik MJ. Simultaneous Determination of 35 Organic Metabolites Including Amino Acids, Creatine, Creatinine, and Oxidized and Reduced Glutathione in Lung Tissue, Plasma and Urine Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1656728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Non-Human Primate, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Park
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongi Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeuk Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shong-Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Non-Human Primate, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Tatsumi M, Hoshino W, Kodama Y, Ueatrongchit T, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Tagami U, Miyano H, Asano Y, Mizukoshi T. Development of a rapid and simple glycine analysis method using a stable glycine oxidase mutant. Anal Biochem 2019; 587:113447. [PMID: 31562850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycine analysis is important in research fields such as physiology and healthcare because the concentration of glycine in human plasma has been reported to change with various disorders. Glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis (GlyOX) is useful for quantitative analysis of glycine. However, GlyOX is not sufficiently stable for use in physiology-based research or clinical settings. In this report, site-directed mutagenesis was used to engineer a GlyOX mutant suitable for glycine analysis. The GlyOX triple-mutant (T42 A/C245 S/L301V) retained most of its enzymatic activity during storage for over a year at 4 °C. A colorimetric enzyme analysis protocol was established using the GlyOX triple-mutant to determine glycine concentrations in human plasma. The analysis showed high accuracy (-5.4 to 3.5% relative errors when compared with the results from an amino acid analyzer, and 96.0-98.7% recoveries) and high precision (<4% between-run variation). Sample pretreatments of deproteinization and derivatization were not required. Therefore, this novel enzymatic analysis offers an effective and useful method for determining glycine concentrations in physiology related research and the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Tatsumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Wataru Hoshino
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yuya Kodama
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Techawaree Ueatrongchit
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Uno Tagami
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshimi Mizukoshi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan.
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21
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Oshima S, Shiiya S, Nakamura Y. Combined Supplementation with Glycine and Tryptophan Reduces Purine-Induced Serum Uric Acid Elevation by Accelerating Urinary Uric Acid Excretion: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112562. [PMID: 31652875 PMCID: PMC6893627 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors previously confirmed the serum uric acid-lowering effects of the combination of glycine and tryptophan in subjects with mild hyperuricemia. This study examined whether combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan suppressed the elevation in serum uric acid levels caused by purine ingestion and accelerated urinary uric acid excretion in subjects with lower urate excretion using a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial design. Healthy Japanese adult males with lower urate excretion ingested water containing purines in addition to dextrin (placebo), tryptophan, glycine, or a glycine and tryptophan mixture. The combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan significantly reduced the elevated serum uric acid levels after purine ingestion. Glycine alone and in combination with tryptophan significantly increased urinary uric acid excretion and urate clearance compared with the effects of the placebo. Urinary pH increased by the ingestion of the mixture. These results suggested that the improved water solubility of uric acid due to increased urinary pH contributed to the increase of urinary uric acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Oshima
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-Chome, Moriya-Shi 302-0106, Japan.
| | - Sachie Shiiya
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-Chome, Moriya-Shi 302-0106, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-Chome, Moriya-Shi 302-0106, Japan.
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Guo N, Yang D, Yang X, Yan H, Fan B, Dai J, Lei Y, Yan D. A rapid, sensitive, and widely applicable method for quantitative analysis of underivatized amino acids in different biological matrices by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3173-3181. [PMID: 31397973 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and widely applicable method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 20 underivatized amino acids in different biological matrices, including serum, plasma, and tissue homogenates, using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Only 4 µL of serum, plasma, or tissue homogenate was extracted with 996 µL of solution (1.7 mM ammonium formate in 85% acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid) containing 100 ng/mL phenylalanine-d5 as an internal standard without any further derivatization step. In addition, the matrix effects were small because a large volume of extraction solution was used. The total run time including reequilibration was 13 min. The results of linearity, accuracy, repeatability, precision, limits of detection, limits of quantification, and sample stability were sufficient to allow the measurement of the amino acids in different biological matrices. We conclude that our method is rapid, sensitive, and widely applicable and represents an improvement over other currently available technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bin Fan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingang Dai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lei
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Takado Y, Sato N, Kanbe Y, Tomiyasu M, Xin L, Near J, Yoshikawa K, Sahara N, Higashi T, Suhara T, Higuchi M, Obata T. Association between Brain and Plasma Glutamine Levels in Healthy Young Subjects Investigated by MRS and LC/MS. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1649. [PMID: 31330962 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu) are known to exist in plasma and brain. However, despite the assumed relationship between brain and plasma, no studies have clarified the association between them. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was sequentially performed twice, with a 60-min interval, on 10 males and 10 females using a 3T scanner. Blood samples for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to measure Gln and Glu concentrations in plasma were collected during the time interval between the two MRS sessions. MRS voxels of interest were localized at the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and cerebellum (Cbll) and measured by the SPECIAL sequence. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between brain and plasma metabolites. The Gln concentrations in PCC (mean of two measurements) were positively correlated with Gln concentrations in plasma (p < 0.01, r = 0.72). However, the Glu concentrations in the two regions were not correlated with those in plasma. Consideration of the different dynamics of Gln and Glu between plasma and brain is crucial when addressing the pathomechanism and therapeutic strategies for brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and hepatic encephalopathy.
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Liu Z, Tu MJ, Zhang C, Jilek JL, Zhang QY, Yu AM. A reliable LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of natural amino acids in mouse plasma: Method validation and application to a study on amino acid dynamics during hepatocellular carcinoma progression. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:72-81. [PMID: 31177050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of 20 proteinogenic l-amino acids (AAs) in a small volume (5 μL) of mouse plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Intrada Amino Acid column within 13 min via gradient elution with an aqueous solution containing 100 mM ammonium formate and an organic mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and formic acid (v:v:v = 95:5:0.3), at the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Individual AAs and corresponding stable-isotope-labeled AAs internal standards were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode under optimized conditions. Method validation consisted of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, recovery, matrix effect, and stability, and the results demonstrated this LC-MS/MS method as a specific, accurate, and reliable assay. This LC-MS/MS method was thus utilized to compare the dynamics of individual plasma AAs between healthy and orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft mice housed under identical conditions. Our results revealed that, 5 weeks after HCC tumor progression, plasma l-arginine concentrations were significantly decreased in HCC mice while l-alanine and l-threonine levels were sharply increased. These findings support the utilities of this LC-MS/MS method and the promise of specific AAs as possible biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Medical Function, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Joseph L Jilek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Qian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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25
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Oshima S, Shiiya S, Nakamura Y. Serum Uric Acid-Lowering Effects of Combined Glycine and Tryptophan Treatments in Subjects with Mild Hyperuricemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030564. [PMID: 30845731 PMCID: PMC6471320 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the serum uric acid-lowering effects of combined daily supplementation of glycine and tryptophan in patients with mild hyperuricemia using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial design. Japanese healthy adult males and females with mild hyperuricemia (fasting serum uric acid of 6.6–7.9 mg/dL) ingested a powder mixture containing 3.0 g of glycine and 0.2 g of tryptophan or a placebo powder once daily at bedtime for 6 weeks. Combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan significantly decreased serum uric acid levels (from 7.1 mg/dL to 6.7 mg/dL, p = 0.004) before and after the trial. Serum uric acid concentrations significantly decreased in the subjects supplemented with the amino acid mixture compared with those in placebo-treated subjects (p = 0.028). In addition, the combination treatment with glycine and tryptophan decreased serum triglyceride levels (from 119 mg/dL to 86 mg/dL, p = 0.002). Increased solubility of uric acid caused by urinary pH were likely contributors to the serum uric acid-lowering effects of the amino acid mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Oshima
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-Chome, Moriya-shi 302-0106, Japan.
| | - Sachie Shiiya
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-Chome, Moriya-shi 302-0106, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-Chome, Moriya-shi 302-0106, Japan.
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26
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Imaizumi A, Adachi Y, Kawaguchi T, Higasa K, Tabara Y, Sonomura K, Sato TA, Takahashi M, Mizukoshi T, Yoshida HO, Kageyama N, Okamoto C, Takasu M, Mori M, Noguchi Y, Shimba N, Miyano H, Yamada R, Matsuda F. Genetic basis for plasma amino acid concentrations based on absolute quantification: a genome-wide association study in the Japanese population. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:621-630. [PMID: 30659259 PMCID: PMC6460579 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the use of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) as biomarkers for metabolic disorders, it is essential to identify genetic factors that influence PFAA concentrations. PFAA concentrations were absolutely quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry using plasma samples from 1338 Japanese individuals, and genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed for the concentrations of 21 PFAAs. We next conducted a conditional QTL analysis using the concentration of each PFAA adjusted by the other 20 PFAAs as covariates to elucidate genetic determinants that influence PFAA concentrations. We identified eight genes that showed a significant association with PFAA concentrations, of which two, SLC7A2 and PKD1L2, were identified. SLC7A2 was associated with the plasma levels of arginine and ornithine, and PKD1L2 with the level of glycine. The significant associations of these two genes were revealed in the conditional QTL analysis, but a significant association between serine and the CPS1 gene disappeared when glycine was used as a covariate. We demonstrated that conditional QTL analysis is useful for determining the metabolic pathways predominantly used for PFAA metabolism. Our findings will help elucidate the physiological roles of genetic components that control the metabolism of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Imaizumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Life Science Laboratories, Shimadzu Corporation, Seika, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sato
- Life Science Laboratories, Shimadzu Corporation, Seika, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Meiko Takahashi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshimi Mizukoshi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiro-O Yoshida
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Naoko Kageyama
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Chisato Okamoto
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Mariko Takasu
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Maiko Mori
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yasushi Noguchi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Shimba
- R&D Planning Dept., Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Tokyo, 104-8315, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Nakayama A, Imaizumi A, Yoshida H. Methods for Absolute Quantification of Human Plasma Free Amino Acids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Precolumn Derivatization. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2030:207-218. [PMID: 31347120 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9639-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma free amino acid (PFAA) concentrations in humans are affected by various diseases. However, the variations caused are not dramatic, so a high accurate and precise method for analyzing PFAAs is required. The PFAA analysis protocol described in this chapter covers blood sampling, sample pretreatment, amino acid derivatization, and LC-MS analysis. Each procedure is important for accurate and precise quantification.In the protocol, a human blood sample is collected using an EDTA-2Na or 2K vacuum collection tube and then immediately cooled in water mixed with crushed ice. The sample is then centrifuged on cooling to allow a plasma sample to be removed. A stable-isotope-labeled internal standard solution is added to the plasma, and then the plasma is deproteinized with acetonitrile. The amino acids in the plasma are then derivatized using 3-aminopyridyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (APDS) reagent which is designed for LC-MS analysis. The derivatized amino acids are separated by reverse-phase HPLC and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Using this method, 21 amino acids in human plasma can be analyzed with a 12 min cycle. The accuracy and precision are both better than the required criteria given by the US Food and Drug Administration in guidance of Bioanalytical Method Validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakayama
- Institute For Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Japan.
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Institute For Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-Cho, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yoshida
- AminoIndex Dept. AminoScience Division, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Adachi Y, Toyoshima K, Nishimoto R, Ueno S, Tanaka T, Imaizumi A, Arashida N, Nakamura M, Abe Y, Hakamada T, Kaneko E, Takahashi S, Jinzu H, Shimokado K. Association between plasma α-aminobutyric acid and depressive symptoms in older community-dwelling adults in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 19:254-258. [PMID: 30561103 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between depressive symptoms and plasma amino acid related metaboli in older adults. METHODS A total of 152 older adults aged ≥65 years, residing in Niigata, Japan, were used for analysis. We evaluated depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, which has been validated in older community-dwelling individuals, and used a cut off score of ≥5 to classify participants as having depressive symptoms. We used high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to measure the concentrations of plasma amino acid-related metabolites, and carried out logistic regression analysis to assess the association between depressive symptoms and plasma amino acid-related metabolites. RESULTS Of the 119 older adults (mean age 76.3 years) included in the analysis, 22 were classified as having depressive symptoms (depressive group). There were no significant differences in physical and cognitive impairments between participants in the depressive and non-depressive groups. The plasma α-aminobutyric acid (AABA) level was significantly lower in the depressive group than in the non-depressive group (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed the best-fit model, which included AABA, leucine, threonine, hydroxyl proline and histidine levels (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.8346; 95% confidence interval 0.7365-0.9326). In particular, the plasma AABA level was strongly associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Plasma AABA level is significantly associated with depression symptoms in older community-dwelling adults in Japan. Thus, plasma AABA might serve as a potential marker of depression in older adults aged ≥65 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 254-258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Adachi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyoshima
- Department of Geriatric and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rumi Nishimoto
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Satoko Ueno
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoko Arashida
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Marie Nakamura
- Department of Geriatric and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hakamada
- Department of Geriatric and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kaneko
- Department of Geriatric and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Jinzu
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Department of Geriatric and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Michael R. Armbruster
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - John B. Coulton
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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30
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Yamaguchi H, Tatsumi M, Takahashi K, Tagami U, Sugiki M, Kashiwagi T, Kameya M, Okazaki S, Mizukoshi T, Asano Y. Protein engineering for improving the thermostability of tryptophan oxidase and insights from structural analysis. J Biochem 2018; 164:359-367. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Moemi Tatsumi
- Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Uno Tagami
- Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sugiki
- Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kashiwagi
- Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kameya
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
- Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Okazaki
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
- Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshimi Mizukoshi
- Fundamental Technology Labs., Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
- Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
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31
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Yamakado M, Tanaka T, Nagao K, Imaizumi A, Komatsu M, Daimon T, Miyano H, Tani M, Toda A, Yamamoto H, Horimoto K, Ishizaka Y. Plasma amino acid profile associated with fatty liver disease and co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14485. [PMID: 29101348 PMCID: PMC5670226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and steatohepatitis, which leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the early detection of FLD is necessary. We aimed to find a quantitative and feasible model for discriminating the FLD, based on plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profiles. We constructed models of the relationship between PFAA levels in 2,000 generally healthy Japanese subjects and the diagnosis of FLD by abdominal ultrasound scan by multiple logistic regression analysis with variable selection. The performance of these models for FLD discrimination was validated using an independent data set of 2,160 subjects. The generated PFAA-based model was able to identify FLD patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model was 0.83, which was higher than those of other existing liver function-associated markers ranging from 0.53 to 0.80. The value of the linear discriminant in the model yielded the adjusted odds ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) for a 1 standard deviation increase of 2.63 (2.14–3.25) in the multiple logistic regression analysis with known liver function-associated covariates. Interestingly, the linear discriminant values were significantly associated with the progression of FLD, and patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis also exhibited higher values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamakado
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagao
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Michiharu Komatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takashi Daimon
- Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8131, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tani
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan
| | - Akiko Toda
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7, Aomi, Koto-ku Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishizaka
- Center for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8643, Japan
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Choi MS, Rehman SU, Kim IS, Park HJ, Song MY, Yoo HH. Development of a mixed-mode chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of 23 underivatized amino acids in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Arashida N, Nishimoto R, Harada M, Shimbo K, Yamada N. Highly sensitive quantification for human plasma-targeted metabolomics using an amine derivatization reagent. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 954:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The concentrations of plasma-free amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids, are associated with visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and the future development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses recent progress in the early assessment of the risk of developing diabetes and the reversal of altered plasma-free amino acids through interventions. Additionally, recent developments that have increased the utility of amino acid profiling technology are also described. RECENT FINDINGS Plasma-free amino acid alterations in the early stage of lifestyle-related diseases are because of obesity and insulin resistance-related inflammation, and these alterations are reversed by appropriate (nutritional, drug, or surgical) interventions that improve insulin sensitivity. For clinical applications, procedures for measuring amino acids are being standardized and automated. SUMMARY Plasma-free amino acid profiles have potential as biomarkers for both assessing diabetes risk and monitoring the effects of strategies designed to lower that risk. In addition, the methodology for measuring amino acids has been refined, with the goal of routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nagao
- aInstitute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan bStanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA cCenter for Multiphasic Health Testing and Services, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Izumicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo dDepartment of Nursing, Ashikaga Institute of Technology, Ashikaga, Tochigi, Japan
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González Paredes RM, García Pinto C, Pérez Pavón JL, Moreno Cordero B. Derivatization coupled to headspace programmed-temperature vaporizer gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of amino acids: Application to urine samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3375-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María González Paredes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Carmelo García Pinto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez Pavón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Bernardo Moreno Cordero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
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Wang Q, Wen Y, Xia T, Xiong X, Gao S, You C, Tao X, Zhang F, Chen W. Quantification of 18 amino acids in human plasma: application in renal transplant patient plasma by targeted UHPLC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1337-51. [PMID: 27277874 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Quantification of amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in life science. In this paper, we developed a targeted UHPLC–MS/MS method for 18 amino acids in the renal transplant patients. Methods & results: Plasma in small volume (150 μl) was pretreated by a one-step protein precipitant extraction for analysis. Detection was executed by MS/MS in the MRM mode. Assays were validated according to current bioanalytical guidelines, with good linearity (R > 0.99), intraday and interday precision (CV < 11.6%, RE ≤ ± 14.8%), extraction recovery (between 77.4 and 117.6%), matrix effect (73.3–118.0%) and stability (RE≤ ±14.7%). Conclusion: The method was successfully applicable for amino acid analysis in the renal transplant patient.
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Oshima S, Shiiya S, Tokumaru Y, Kanda T. Alanine-fortified tomatoes relieve the acute alcohol-induced adverse effects in healthy men: a randomized cross-over study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:25. [PMID: 27051456 PMCID: PMC4820955 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the effects of dietary components on the regulation of the gastric emptying rate of alcohol and its impact on alcohol metabolism. We recently found that the crude water-insoluble dietary fibers from several types of botanical foods maintained aqueous ethanol solutions. Additionally, the ethanol-absorbing ability of the dietary fibers correlated with the inhibition of the blood ethanol elevation by delaying gastric emptying. Moreover, we found that the synergism between tomatoes and alanine to reduce the absorption of alcohol in rats was attributable to the effect of alanine on precipitates, such as the crude water-insoluble dietary fibers of tomatoes. In the present study, we assess whether an alanine-fortified tomato (AFT) is effective in relieving acute alcohol-induced adverse effects by lowering the alcohol action in healthy human volunteers following the ingestion of alcohol with a meal. Methods Twenty healthy males ingested the AFT or sugar as the control, with 1.2 g/kg of alcohol and a micronutrient-fortified meal in a randomized cross-over study. Breath alcohol concentrations were temporally measured, and blood and urine samples were obtained during the trial. The study protocol was repeated with the AFT and sugar groups reversed 4 weeks later. Results Various analyses were performed using the data from the 15 subjects. The breath alcohol concentrations significantly decreased when AFT was ingested. A decrease in the urinary pH was also noted following the ingestion of AFT. Moreover, the sum of seven sedative scores as subjective sensation after alcohol ingestion was significantly reduced by AFT the next morning. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the simultaneous ingestion of AFT under the consumption of excess alcohol and a micronutrient-fortified meal relieved the acute alcohol-induced adverse effects in male volunteers. These results are consistent with the effectiveness observed in rats as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Oshima
- Research & Development Laboratories for Innovation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106 Japan
| | - Sachie Shiiya
- Research & Development Laboratories for Innovation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tokumaru
- Research & Development Laboratories for Innovation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106 Japan
| | - Tomomasa Kanda
- Research & Development Laboratories for Innovation, Asahi Group Holdings, Ltd., 1-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106 Japan
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Bahwere P, Balaluka B, Wells JCK, Mbiribindi CN, Sadler K, Akomo P, Dramaix-Wilmet M, Collins S. Cereals and pulse-based ready-to-use therapeutic food as an alternative to the standard milk- and peanut paste-based formulation for treating severe acute malnutrition: a noninferiority, individually randomized controlled efficacy clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1145-61. [PMID: 26984485 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost of current standard ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is among the major obstacles to scaling up community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), an important child survival strategy. Identifying a cheaper alternative is a global public health priority. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the efficacy of soya-maize-sorghum RUTF (SMS-RUTF) with that of standard peanut paste-based RUTF (P-RUTF). DESIGN We used a nonblinded, parallel-group, simple randomized controlled trial along with a day care approach that enrolled 2 groups of children aged 6-23 and 24-59 mo, respectively, with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). RESULTS Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses showed noninferiority of SMS-RUTF compared with P-RUTF for the recovery rate [ITT: Δ = -2.0% (95% CI: -7.6%, 3.6%); PP: -1.9% (95% CI: -5.3%, 1.4%)], weight gain [Δ = -0.7 g · kg(-1)· d(-1)(95% CI: -1.3, 0.0 g · kg(-1)· d(-1))], and length of stay [Δ = 2.0 d (95% CI: -1.7, 5.8 d)] in children ≥24 mo of age. In children ≤23 mo of age, the recovery rate of SMS-RUTF was inferior to that of P-RUTF [ITT: Δ = -20.8% (95% CI: -29.9%, -11.7%); PP: -17.2% (95% CI: -25.6%, -8.7%)]. Treatment with SMS-RUTF resulted in a greater increase in hemoglobin [0.670 g/dL (95% CI: 0.420, 0.921 g/dL);P< 0.001]. Treatment with both RUTFs resulted in the replenishment of all of the amino acids tested except for methionine. There were no differences at discharge between RUTF groups in fat mass [Δ = 0.3 kg (95% CI: -0.6, 1.6 kg);P= 0.341] or fat mass index [Δ = 0.4 kg/m(2)(95% CI: -0.3, 1.1 kg/m(2));P= 0.262]. By contrast, comparisons of fat-free mass indicated lower concentrations than the community controls after treatment with either of the 2 RUTFs [Δ = -1.3 kg (95% CI: -2.4, -0.1 kg) andP= 0.034 for comparison between community controls and the SMS-RUTF group; Δ = -1.8 kg (95% CI: -2.9, -0.6 kg) andP= 0.003 for comparison between community controls and the P-RUTF group]. CONCLUSION SMS-RUTF can be used to treat SAM in children aged ≥24 mo to reduce the costs of CMAM programs. More research is required to optimize SMS-RUTF for younger children. This trial was registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry as PACTR201303000475166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paluku Bahwere
- Valid International, Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre for Research in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Bisimwa Balaluka
- Lwiro Natural Science Research Centre, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo; College of Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | | | - Michèle Dramaix-Wilmet
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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Takehana S, Yoshida H, Ozawa S, Yamazaki J, Shimbo K, Nakayama A, Mizukoshi T, Miyano H. The effects of pre-analysis sample handling on human plasma amino acid concentrations. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tochikubo O, Nakamura H, Jinzu H, Nagao K, Yoshida H, Kageyama N, Miyano H. Weight loss is associated with plasma free amino acid alterations in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Diabetes 2016; 6:e197. [PMID: 26926588 PMCID: PMC4775824 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, especially in Asian populations. Early detection and effective intervention are vital. Plasma free amino acid profile is a potential biomarker for the early detection for lifestyle-related diseases. However, little is known about whether the altered plasma free amino acid profiles in subjects with metabolic syndrome are related to the effectiveness of dietary and exercise interventions. METHODS Eighty-five Japanese subjects who fulfilled the Japanese diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were enrolled in a 3-month diet and exercise intervention. The plasma free amino acid concentrations and metabolic variables were measured, and the relationships between plasma free amino acid profiles, metabolic variables and the extent of body weight reduction were investigated. Those who lost more than 3% of body weight were compared with those who lost less than 3%. RESULTS Baseline levels of most amino acids in the subset that went on to lose <3% body weight were markedly lower compared with the counterpart, although both groups showed similar proportional pattern of plasma amino acid profiles. The weight loss induced by the diet and exercise intervention normalized plasma free amino acid profiles. For those with a high degree of weight loss, those changes were also associated with improvement in blood pressure, triglyceride and hemoglobin A1c levels. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that among Japanese adults meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome, baseline plasma free amino acid profiles may differ in ways that predict who will be more vs less beneficially responsive to a standard diet and exercise program. Plasma free amino acid profiles may also be useful as markers for monitoring the risks of developing lifestyle-related diseases and measuring improvement in physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tochikubo
- Department of Occupational Health, Kanagawa Health Service Association, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Nakamura
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Jinzu
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - K Nagao
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Yoshida
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - N Kageyama
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
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NAKAMURA H, KAGEYAMA N, YOSHIDA H, MORI M, MIZUKOSHI T, MIYANO H. The Influence of Chyle and Bilirubin on Human Plasma Amino Acid Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Ionization Mass Spectrometry. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2016.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maiko MORI
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc
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OKAMOTO C, YOSHIDA H, NAKAYAMA A, KIKUCHI S, ONO N, MIYANO H, INO Y, HIRAOKA N, MIZUKOSHI T. Determination of Amino Acids in Human Pancreas Tissue Sections Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2016.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshinori INO
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Nobuyoshi HIRAOKA
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital
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Nakamura H, Nishikata N, Kawai N, Imaizumi A, Miyano H, Mori M, Yamamoto H, Noguchi Y. Plasma amino acid profiles in healthy East Asian subpopulations living in Japan. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:236-9. [PMID: 26407660 PMCID: PMC5054856 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Profiles of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) have been utilized as biomarkers to detect various diseases. However, few studies have investigated whether ethnicity or specific subpopulations within East Asia influence PFAA concentrations. METHODS A total of 95 healthy volunteers living in Japan, including 31 Japanese individuals, 36 Korean individuals and 28 Chinese individuals, were enrolled. Participants' PFAA levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the effects of factors such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and subpopulation on PFAA profiles were analyzed. RESULTS With the exception of glutamine and α-aminobutyric acid, there were no significant differences among the three examined subpopulations with respect to either the means or the distributions of PFAA concentrations. A multiple regression analysis revealed that most of the PFAA concentrations were significantly related to sex. Ornithine concentrations, glutamate concentrations, and glutamine and α-aminobutyric acid concentrations were significantly associated with age, BMI, and Chinese subpopulation, respectively. CONCLUSION The study results indicate that the contributions of subpopulation within East Asia to PFAA profiles are small, particularly relative to the contributions provided by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nobuhiro Kawai
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Mori
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Noguchi
- Department of R&D Planning, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Tokyo, Japan
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