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Canepa C, Benzi P, Marabello D. The dynamics of the detection of 226Ra in water by scintillation counting in nonequilibrium conditions. J Environ Radioact 2022; 251-252:106970. [PMID: 36027819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The conventional methods for the 226Ra determination by liquid scintillation counting require to attain secular equilibrium between 226Ra and 222Rn prior to the counting. This study describes a method that allows the immediate counting of a sample after the dissolution of Ba(Ra)SO4 in EDTA. This results from a detailed modelling of the activity of the parent 226Ra and its daughters in both the aqueous and organic scintillator phases. This methodology was tested on standard solutions of 226Ra showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Canepa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Italy.
| | - Paola Benzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Italy.
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Girault F, Perrier F, Ourcival JM, Ferry R, Gaudemer Y, Bourges F, Didon-Lescot JF. Substratum influences uptake of radium-226 by plants. Sci Total Environ 2021; 766:142655. [PMID: 33153746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radium-226, an alpha emitter with half-life 1600 years, is ubiquitous in natural environments. Present in rocks and soils, it is also absorbed by vegetation. The efficiency of 226Ra uptake by plants from the soil is important to assess for the study of heavy metals uptake by plants, monitoring of radioactive pollution, and the biogeochemical cycle of radium in the Critical Zone. Using a thoroughly validated measurement method of effective 226Ra concentration (ECRa) in the laboratory, we compare ECRa values of the plant to that of the closest soil, and we infer the 226Ra soil-to-plant transfer ratio, RSP, for a total of 108 plant samples collected in various locations in France. ECRa values of plants range over five orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 1.66 ± 0.03 (0.020-113) Bq kg-1. Inferred RSP values range over four orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 0.0188 ± 0.0004 (0.00069-0.37). The mean RSP value of plants in granitic and metamorphic context (0.073 ± 0.002; n = 50) is significantly higher (12 ± 1 times) than that of plants in calcareous and sedimentary context (0.0058 ± 0.0002; n = 58). This difference, which cannot be attributed to a systematic difference in emanation coefficient, is likely due to the competition between calcium and radium. In a given substratum context, the compartments of a given plant species show coherent and decreasing RSP values in the following order (acropetal gradient): roots > bark > branches and stems ≈ leaves. Oak trees (Quercus genus) concentrate 226Ra more than other trees and plants in this set. While this study clearly demonstrates the influence of substratum on the 226Ra uptake by plants in non-contaminated areas, our measurement method appears as a promising practical tool to use for (phyto)remediation and its monitoring in uranium- and radium-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Girault
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Perrier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxane Ferry
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Gaudemer
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - François Bourges
- Géologie Environnement Conseil, 30 rue de la République, F-09200 Saint-Girons, France
| | - Jean-François Didon-Lescot
- Station de Recherches INRA/CNRS laboratoire ESPACE, 390 chemin des Boissières, F-30380 Saint Christol-lès-Alès, France
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Xie S, Xiao X, Tan W, Lv J, Deng Q, Fang Q. Influence of Leifsonia sp. on U(VI) removal efficiency and the Fe-U precipitates by zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:5584-5594. [PMID: 31853852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been widely applied to the remediation of uranium (U)-contaminated water. Notably, indigenous bacteria may possess potential positive or unfavorable influence on the mechanism and stability of Fe-U precipitates. However, the focus of the researches in this field has mainly been on physical and/or chemical aspects. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to explore the effects of an indigenous bacterium (Leifsonia sp.) on Fe-U precipitates and the corresponding removal efficiency by ZVI under different environmental factors. The results showed that the removal rate and capacity of U(VI) was significantly inhibited and decreased by ZVI when the pH increased to near-neutral level (pH = 6~8). However, in the ZVI + Leifsonia sp. coexistence system, the U(VI) removal efficiency were maintained at high levels (over 90%) within the experimental scope (pH = 3~8). This revealed that Leifsonia sp. had a synergistic effect on U(VI) remove by ZVI. According to scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX) analysis, dense scaly uranium-phosphate precipitation was observed on ZVI + Leifsonia sp. surface. The X-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that Leifsonia sp. facilitated the generation of U(VI)-phosphates precipitates. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses further revealed that new substances, such as (Fe(II)Fe(III)2(PO4)2(OH)2), Fe(II)(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O, Fe(II)Fe(III)5(PO4)4(OH)2·4H2O, etc., were produced in the coexisting system of ZVI and Leifsonia sp. This study provides new insights on the feasibility and validity of site application of ZVI to U(VI)-contaminated subsurface water in situ. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibo Xie
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense of Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wenfa Tan
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Junwen Lv
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Qinwen Deng
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Qi Fang
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Planinšek P, Smodiš B, Benedik L. Uptake of natural radionuclides from contaminated soil into vegetables and consequent dose assessment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nezami S, Malakouti MJ, Bahrami Samani A, Ghannadi Maragheh M. The role of organic acids on 226Ra transfer factor in corn (Zea mays L.). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractEffective radium-226 concentration, ECRa, is the product of radium activity concentration, CRa, multiplied by the emanation coefficient, E, which is probability of producing a radon-222 atom in the pore spaces. It is measured by accumulation experiments in the laboratory, achieved routinely for a sample mass >50 g using scintillation flasks to measure the radon concentration. We report on 3370 ECRa values obtained from more than 11 800 such experiments. Rocks (n=1351) have a mean ECRa value of 1.9±0.1 Bq kg−1 (90% of data in the range 0.11–35 Bq kg−1), while soils (n=1524) have a mean ECRa value of 7.5±0.2 Bq kg−1 (90% of data between 1.4 and 28 Bq kg−1). Using this large dataset, we establish that the spatial structure of ECRa is meaningful in geology or sedimentology. For plants (n=85), ECRa is generally <1 Bq kg−1, but values of larger than 10 Bq kg−1 are also observed. Dedicated experiments were performed to measure emanation, E, in plants, and we obtained values of 0.86±0.04 compared with 0.24±0.04 for sands, which leads to estimates of the radium-226 soil-to-plant transfer ratio. For most measured animal bones (n=26), ECRa is >1 Bq kg−1. Therefore, ECRa appears essential for radon modelling, health hazard assessment and also in evaluating the transfer of radium-226 to the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Perrier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Girault
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bouquerel
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
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Perrier F, Girault F, Bouquerel H, Bollinger L. Effective radium concentration in agricultural versus forest topsoils. J Environ Radioact 2016; 160:123-134. [PMID: 27176109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective radium-226 activity concentration (ECRa), the radon-222 source term, was measured in the laboratory with 724 topsoil samples collected over a ∼110 km(2) area located ∼20 km south of Paris, France. More than 2100 radon accumulation experiments were performed, with radon concentration measured using scintillation flasks, leading to relative uncertainties on ECRa varying from 10% for ECRa = 2 Bq⋅kg(-1) to less than 6% for ECRa > 5 Bq⋅kg(-1). Small-scale dispersion, studied at one location with 12 samples, and systematically at 100 locations with three topsoils separated by 1 m, was of the order of 7%, demonstrating that a single soil sample is reasonably representative. Agricultural topsoils (n = 540) had an average (arithmetic) ECRa of 8.09 ± 0.11 Bq⋅kg(-1), and a range from 2.80 ± 0.22 to 19.5 ± 1.1 Bq⋅kg(-1), while forest topsoils (n = 184), with an average of 3.21 ± 0.14 Bq⋅kg(-1) and a range from 0.45 ± 0.12 to 9.09 ± 0.55 Bq⋅kg(-1), showed a clear systematic reduction of ECRa when compared with the closest agricultural soil sample. Large-scale organization of ECRa was impressive for agricultural topsoils, with homogeneous domains of several kilometers size, characterized by smooth variations smaller than 10%. These patches emerged despite heavy human remodeling; they are controlled by the main geographical units, but do not necessarily coincide with them. Valleys were characterized by larger dispersion and less organization. This study illustrates how biosphere and anthroposphere modify the soil distribution inherited from geological processes, an important baseline needed for the study of contaminated sites. Furthermore, the observed depletion of forest topsoils suggests an atmospheric radon signature of deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Perrier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Girault
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bouquerel
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
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Planinšek P, Smodiš B, Benedik L. Simultaneous determination and uptake assessment of selected radionuclides in plants grown in substrate contaminated with U-mill tailings. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016; 309:351-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Smodiš B, Černe M, Jaćimović R, Benedik L. Transfer of uranium and radium to Chinese cabbage from soil containing elevated levels of natural radionuclides. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015; 306:685-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chauhan RP, Kumar A. Soil to plant transfer of alpha activity in potato plants: impact of phosphate fertilizers. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015; 13:45. [PMID: 25992297 PMCID: PMC4437788 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radionuclides in the phosphate fertilizers belonging to (232)Th and (238)U and (40) K are the major contributors to the outdoor terrestrial natural radiation. These radionuclides are transferred from fertilizer to food through soil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Present work deals with the alpha activity in the different parts of the potato (Solanum Tuberosum) plants grown under controlled pots experiment using different amounts of phosphate fertilizers and urea. Alpha activities have been measured by track etch technique using the solid-state nuclear track detectors (LR-115). RESULTS Translocation factor for the fruit (edible Part) varied from 0.13 (for DAP) to 0.73 (for PF) with an average of 0.40 ± 0.26 for the plant grown with 20 g of fertilizers. Translocation factors increased with the increase in amount of fertilizers having value 0.51 ± 0.31 for the plant grown with 50 g of fertilizers. The translocation factor for the lower and the upper part of leaves varied from 0.44 to 0.67 and 0.22 to 0.83 with an average value 0.55 ± 0.15 and 0.45 ± 0.23 respectively. The transfer factor (TF's) for the potato plants varied from 1.5 × 10(-2) to 1.03 × 10(-1) for root, from 1.3 × 10(-2) to 1.23 × 10(-1) for stem, from 2.1 × 10(-3) to 4.5 × 10(-2) for fruit and from 5.4 × 10(-3) to 5.8 × 10(-3) for lower part of the leaves after 105 days of the plantation. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that the alpha activity in the potato plants was higher in case of the plants grown with the use of phosphate fertilizers than with other fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Pal Chauhan
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurkshetra, 136119 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurkshetra, 136119 India
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Hu N, Ding D, Li G, Zheng J, Li L, Zhao W, Wang Y. Vegetation composition and ²²⁶Ra uptake by native plant species at a uranium mill tailings impoundment in South China. J Environ Radioact 2014; 129:100-106. [PMID: 24412774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A field investigation was conducted for the vegetation composition and (226)Ra uptake by native plant species at a uranium mill tailings impoundment in South China. 80 species belonging to 67 genera in 32 families were recorded in the sampling sites. The Poaceae and Asteraceae were the dominant families colonizing the impoundment. The number of the plant species and vegetation community composition in the sampling sites seemed most closely related to the activities of (226)Ra and the pH value of the uranium tailings. The plant species in the sampling sites with relatively low activities of (226)Ra and relatively high pH value formed a relatively stable vegetation community. The plant species in the sampling sites with medium activities of (226)Ra and medium pH value formed the transitional vegetation community. The plant species in the sampling sites with relatively high activities of (226)Ra and relatively low pH value formed a simple unstable vegetation community that was similar to that on the unused grassland. The activities of (226)Ra and transfer factors (TFs) varied greatly with the plant species. The high activities of (226)Ra and TFs were found in the leaves of Pteris multifida (150.6 Bq/g of AW; 9.131), Pteridium aquilinum (122.2 Bq/g of AW; 7.409), and Dryopteris scottii (105.7 Bq/g of AW; 6.408). They satisfied the criteria for a hyperaccumulator for (226)Ra. They may be the candidates for phytoremediation of (226)Ra in the uranium mill tailings impoundment areas and the contaminated soils around.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Guangyue Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jifang Zheng
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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James JP, Dileep BN, Ravi PM, Joshi RM, Ajith TL, Hegde AG, Sarkar PK. Soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr at Kaiga region, India. J Environ Radioact 2011; 102:1070-1077. [PMID: 21868141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transfer factors are the most important parameters required for mathematical modeling used for environmental impact assessment of radioactive contamination in the environment. In this paper soil to leaf transfer factor for the radionuclides ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr is estimated for Kaiga region in Karnataka state, India. Among the plants in which study is carried out, ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr activity in leaves of herbaceous plants is higher than that of tree leaves. Soil to leaf transfer factor for ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr was found to be in the range of 0.03-0.65, 0.32-8.04, 0.05-3.03 and 0.42-2.67 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshy P James
- Environmental Survey Laboratory, Kaiga Generating Station, Health Physics Division, BARC, Kaiga, Uttar Kannada District, Karwar, Karnataka 581400, India.
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Soudek P, Petrová S, Benešová D, Dvořáková M, Vaněk T. Uranium uptake by hydroponically cultivated crop plants. J Environ Radioact 2011; 102:598-604. [PMID: 21486682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponicaly cultivated plants were grown on medium containing uranium. The appropriate concentrations of uranium for the experiments were selected on the basis of a standard ecotoxicity test. The most sensitive plant species was determined to be Lactuca sativa with an EC(50) value about 0.1mM. Cucumis sativa represented the most resistant plant to uranium (EC(50)=0.71 mM). Therefore, we used the uranium in a concentration range from 0.1 to 1mM. Twenty different plant species were tested in hydroponic solution supplemented by 0.1mM or 0.5mM uranium concentration. The uranium accumulation of these plants varied from 0.16 mg/g DW to 0.011 mg/g DW. The highest uranium uptake was determined for Zea mays and the lowest for Arabidopsis thaliana. The amount of accumulated uranium was strongly influenced by uranium concentration in the cultivation medium. Autoradiography showed that uranium is mainly localized in the root system of the plants tested. Additional experiments demonstrated the possibility of influencing the uranium uptake from the cultivation medium by amendments. Tartaric acid was able to increase uranium uptake by Brassica oleracea and Sinapis alba up to 2.8 times or 1.9 times, respectively. Phosphate deficiency increased uranium uptake up to 4.5 times or 3.9 times, respectively, by Brassica oleracea and S. alba. In the case of deficiency of iron or presence of cadmium ions we did not find any increase in uranium accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Joint Laboratory of Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. and Crop Research Institute, v.v.i., Rozvojová 263, 162 05 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Černe M, Smodiš B, Štrok M, Jaćimović R. Accumulation of 226Ra, 238U and 230Th by wetland plants in a vicinity of U-mill tailings at Žirovski vrh (Slovenia). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010; 286:323-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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