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Thakur A, Kumar A. Emerging paradigms into bioremediation approaches for nuclear contaminant removal: From challenge to solution. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141369. [PMID: 38342150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The release of radionuclides, including Cesium-137 (137Cs), Strontium-90 (90Sr), Uranium-238 (238U), Plutonium-239 (239Pu), Iodine-131 (131I), etc., from nuclear contamination presents profound threats to both the environment and human health. Traditional remediation methods, reliant on physical and chemical interventions, often prove economically burdensome and logistically unfeasible for large-scale restoration efforts. In response to these challenges, bioremediation has emerged as a remarkably efficient, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective solution. This innovative approach harnesses the power of microorganisms, plants, and biological agents to transmute radioactive materials into less hazardous forms. For instance, consider the remarkable capability demonstrated by Fontinalis antipyretica, a water moss, which can accumulate uranium at levels as high as 4979 mg/kg, significantly exceeding concentrations found in the surrounding water. This review takes an extensive dive into the world of bioremediation for nuclear contaminant removal, exploring sources of radionuclides, the ingenious resistance mechanisms employed by plants against these harmful elements, and the fascinating dynamics of biological adsorption efficiency. It also addresses limitations and challenges, emphasizing the need for further research and implementation to expedite restoration and mitigate nuclear pollution's adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Science, Technology and Technical Education Department, Government of Bihar, 803108, India.
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Ali S, Baloch SB, Bernas J, Konvalina P, Onyebuchi EF, Naveed M, Ali H, Jamali ZH, Nezhad MTK, Mustafa A. Phytotoxicity of radionuclides: A review of sources, impacts and remediation strategies. Environ Res 2024; 240:117479. [PMID: 37884073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Various anthropogenic activities and natural sources contribute to the presence of radioactive materials in the environment, posing a serious threat to phytotoxicity. Contamination of soil and water by radioactive isotopes degrades the environmental quality and biodiversity. They persist in soils for a considerable amount of time and disturb the fauna and flora of any affected area. Hence, their removal from the contaminated medium is inevitable to prevent their entry into the food chain and the organisms at higher levels of the food chain. Physicochemical methods for radioactive element remediation are effective; however, they are not eco-friendly, can be expensive and impractical for large-scale remediation. Contrastingly, different bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation using appropriate plant species for removing the radionuclides from the polluted sites, and microbe-based remediation, represent promising alternatives for cleanup. In this review, sources of radionuclides in soil as well as their hazardous impacts on plants are discussed. Moreover, various conventional physicochemical approaches used for remediation discussed in detail. Similarly, the effectiveness and superiority of various bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation and microbe-based remediation, over traditional approaches have been explained in detail. In the end, future perspectives related to enhancing the efficiency of the phytoremediation process have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ali
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sadia Babar Baloch
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bernas
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eze Festus Onyebuchi
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zameer Hussain Jamali
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental 13 Gardening, Lidicka, 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Oladele BB, Ugbede FO, Arogunjo AM, Ajayi OS, Pereira A. Gamma spectroscopy study of soil-plant transfer factor characteristics of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in some crops cultivated in southwestern region of Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19377. [PMID: 37662744 PMCID: PMC10474469 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-plant transfer factor (TF) is one of the vital variables employed in assessing plants uptake of radionuclides and their transfer to food chain for predictive ingestion dose and risk evaluation. To further this goal, the TF characteristics of natural 40K, 232Th and 226Ra were thus investigated in some crops (yam, cassava, rice, maize, groundnut, cowpea, okra, pumpkin leaf, banana and pawpaw) cultivated in southwestern part of Nigeria using HPGe gamma spectroscopy. The obtained results of activity concentration (AC) of the radionuclides across all the cultivated soil samples indicated average values that are less than the global average, whereas in the crops, average values of 226Ra and 232Th, were higher than reference values for different crops group. The overall range of the calculated TF of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra across all the crops was 0.05 (in maize and cowpea) to 15.01 (in banana), 0.01 (in pumpkin leaf and groundnut) to 19.80 (in pawpaw), and 0.04 (in cassava) to 21.30 (in cowpea), respectively. Overall arithmetic mean and geometric mean were estimated as 2.66 and 1.60, 1.11 and 0.43, and 1.10 and 0.54 for 40K, 232Th and 226Ra, respectively. TFs mostly correlated negatively with soil radionuclides, while positive correlation was mostly noticeable in the case of crop. Log normal transform of the TFs data indicated a near normal distribution as against the calculated data. The derived results of this study is here presented as a baseline data suggested for possible radiological risk assessment of food chain of the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oladele Samuel Ajayi
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Alcides Pereira
- Environmental Radioactivity Department, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Feng G, Yong J, Liu Q, Chen H, Hu Y, Mao P. Remedial effect and operating status of a decommissioned uranium mill tailings (UMT) repository: A micro-ecological perspective based on bacterial community. J Environ Manage 2023; 340:117993. [PMID: 37094385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
From a radioecological perspective, increasing attention has been paid to the long-term stabilisation of decommissioned uranium mill tailings (UMT) repositories. However, little is known about the evaluation of decommissioning and remedial effects of UMT repositories from a microecological perspective based on bacterial communities. Here, we analysed the distribution and structure of soil community assemblies along different vertical soil profiles in a decommissioned UMT repository and explored the impact of soil properties, including physicochemical parameters, metal(loid)s, and radionuclides, on the bacterial assemblage. We found that the α diversity of the bacterial community was unaffected by variations in different soil profiles and taxa were classified at the phylum level with small significant differences. In contrast, the bacterial community structure in and around the UMT repository showed significant differences; however, this difference was significantly affected by soil metal(loid)s and physicochemical properties rather than soil radionuclides. In addition, seven bacterial genera with significant differences between the inner and surrounding regions of the repository could be used as potential indicators to further investigate the remedial effects on soil environmental quality. These findings provide novel insights into the construction of an assessment system and in situ biomonitoring of UMT repositories from a microecological perspective based on bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Feng
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Yong
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830012, PR China
| | - Henglei Chen
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, PR China
| | - Youhua Hu
- Radiation Environment Supervision Station of Xinjiang, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, PR China
| | - Peihong Mao
- Research Center of Radiation Ecology and Ion Beam Biotechnology, College of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830017, PR China
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Li Z, He Y, Sonne C, Lam SS, Kirkham MB, Bolan N, Rinklebe J, Chen X, Peng W. A strategy for bioremediation of nuclear contaminants in the environment. Environ Pollut 2023; 319:120964. [PMID: 36584860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides released from nuclear contamination harm the environment and human health. Nuclear pollution spread over large areas and the costs associated with decontamination is high. Traditional remediation methods include both chemical and physical, however, these are expensive and unsuitable for large-scale restoration. Bioremediation is the use of plants or microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment having a lower cost and can be upscaled to eliminate contamination from soil, water and air. It is a cheap, efficient, ecologically, and friendly restoration technology. Here we review the sources of radionuclides, bioremediation methods, mechanisms of plant resistance to radionuclides and the effects on the efficiency of biological adsorption. Uptake of radionuclides by plants can be facilitated by the addition of appropriate chemical accelerators and agronomic management, such as citric acid and intercropping. Future research should accelerate the use of genetic engineering and breeding techniques to screen high-enrichment plants. In addition, field experiments should be carried out to ensure that this technology can be applied to the remediation of nuclear contaminated sites as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Li
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, M079, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation, Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Ugbede FO, Osahon OD, Agbalagba EO. Radiological Risk Assessment of 238U, 232Th and 40K in Soil and Their Uptake by Rice Cultivated in CAS Paddy Environment of Abakaliki, Nigeria. Chemistry Africa 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Girault F, Perrier F, Ourcival JM, Ferry R, Gaudemer Y, Bourges F, Didon-Lescot JF. Substratum influences uptake of radium-226 by plants. Sci Total Environ 2021; 766:142655. [PMID: 33153746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radium-226, an alpha emitter with half-life 1600 years, is ubiquitous in natural environments. Present in rocks and soils, it is also absorbed by vegetation. The efficiency of 226Ra uptake by plants from the soil is important to assess for the study of heavy metals uptake by plants, monitoring of radioactive pollution, and the biogeochemical cycle of radium in the Critical Zone. Using a thoroughly validated measurement method of effective 226Ra concentration (ECRa) in the laboratory, we compare ECRa values of the plant to that of the closest soil, and we infer the 226Ra soil-to-plant transfer ratio, RSP, for a total of 108 plant samples collected in various locations in France. ECRa values of plants range over five orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 1.66 ± 0.03 (0.020-113) Bq kg-1. Inferred RSP values range over four orders of magnitude with mean (min-max) of 0.0188 ± 0.0004 (0.00069-0.37). The mean RSP value of plants in granitic and metamorphic context (0.073 ± 0.002; n = 50) is significantly higher (12 ± 1 times) than that of plants in calcareous and sedimentary context (0.0058 ± 0.0002; n = 58). This difference, which cannot be attributed to a systematic difference in emanation coefficient, is likely due to the competition between calcium and radium. In a given substratum context, the compartments of a given plant species show coherent and decreasing RSP values in the following order (acropetal gradient): roots > bark > branches and stems ≈ leaves. Oak trees (Quercus genus) concentrate 226Ra more than other trees and plants in this set. While this study clearly demonstrates the influence of substratum on the 226Ra uptake by plants in non-contaminated areas, our measurement method appears as a promising practical tool to use for (phyto)remediation and its monitoring in uranium- and radium-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Girault
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Perrier
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Roxane Ferry
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Gaudemer
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - François Bourges
- Géologie Environnement Conseil, 30 rue de la République, F-09200 Saint-Girons, France
| | - Jean-François Didon-Lescot
- Station de Recherches INRA/CNRS laboratoire ESPACE, 390 chemin des Boissières, F-30380 Saint Christol-lès-Alès, France
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Yan L, Le QV, Sonne C, Yang Y, Yang H, Gu H, Ma NL, Lam SS, Peng W. Phytoremediation of radionuclides in soil, sediments and water. J Hazard Mater 2021; 407:124771. [PMID: 33388721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil and water contaminated with radionuclides threaten the environment and public health during leaks from nuclear power plants. Remediation of radionuclides at the contaminated sites uses mainly physical and chemical methods such as vitrification, chemical immobilization, electro-kinetic remediation and soil excavation, capping and washing being among the preferred methods. These traditional technologies are however costly and less suitable for dealing with large-area pollution. In contrast to this, cost-effective and environment-friendly alternatives such as phytoremediation using plants to remove radionuclides from polluted sites in situ represent promising alternatives for environmental cleanup. Understanding the physiology and molecular mechanisms of radionuclides accumulation in plants is essential to optimize and improve this new remediation technology. Here, we give an overview of radionuclide contamination in the environment and biochemical characteristics for uptake, transport, and compartmentation of radionuclides in plants that characterize phytoextraction and its efficiency. Phytoextraction is an eco-friendly and efficient method for environmental removal of radionuclides at contaminated sites such as mine tailings. Selecting the most proper plant for the specific purpose, however, is important to obtain the best result together with, for example, applying soil amendments such as citric acid. In addition, using genetic engineering and optimizing agronomic management practices including regulation of atmospheric CO2 concentration, reasonable measures of fertilization and rational water management are important as well. For future application, the technique needs commercialization in order to fully exploit the technique at mining activities and nuclear industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Christian Sonne
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark.
| | - Yafeng Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Han Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Hu N, Chen S, Lang T, Zhang H, Chen W, Li G, Ding D. A novel method for determining the adequate dose of a chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionulides contaminated soils by M. cordata. J Environ Radioact 2021; 227:106468. [PMID: 33296860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A chelating agent in an adequate dose used to enhance phytoremediation of radionuclide-contaminated soil should not inhibit the growth of the plant. If this constraint condition is satisfied, the total bioaccumulation amount (TBA) of radionuclide by the plant can be maximized. This is a constrained optimization problem to determine the adequate dose of the chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionuclide-contaminated soil. In this research, an adequate dose of a chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionuclide-contaminated soil was determined by a novel approach using pot experiments. The proposed approach was applied to specify the adequate doses of citric acid (CA) and S,S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) for phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil by M. Cordata. By using this method, the adequate doses of CA and EDDS for phytoremediation of 238U, 232Th and 226Ra contaminated soils by M. cordata were measures as 10.0 and 5.0 mmol kg-1, respectively. The results showed that the approach could be used to establish the adequate dose of a chelating agent for phytoremediation of radionuclide or other toxic heavy metal contaminated soil by a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Tao Lang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Dexing Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium, Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Extremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Cai Z, Zhang Q, Li X, Lei B, Hong C, Shao Z. Research on radon exhalation characteristics of uranium tailings with cover materials under the coupling load of low-frequency vibration and seepage gradient. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Natarajan V, Karunanidhi M, Raja B. A critical review on radioactive waste management through biological techniques. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:29812-29823. [PMID: 32232758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our world is subject to various kinds of pollution and contamination due to rapid growth and development of industrialization. Though, industries are helping to improve the human life style in many ways in day to day life such as power generation to treatment of diseases. At the same time, industries emit the waste which causes major environmental pollution and leads to harmful for all living organism. As the renewable energy sources are depleting, energy/power generation become a major research around the world. Nuclear energy is one of the promising energy to sort out the energy demand, but the problem associated with the nuclear energy is the management and treatment of radioactive waste/emission/effluent since which is more dangerous to all living organism. There is a large scale contamination of radioactive waste associated for the past 60 years of global nuclear activity. It is necessary to pay special attention to the management of radioactive wastes in order to approach pollution-free environment and avoid diseases to living organism through various clean-up strategies. In this review, we discussed the wide ranges of strategies available for radioactive waste management such as physical, chemical, and biological methods. Bioremediation may be the powerful tool for treatment of radioactive wastes. Additionally, discussed on recent advancement have been made in treatment of radioactive waste through microbial transformation as well as phytoremediation which play a major role in disposal of radioactive waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahalakshmi Karunanidhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chembarambakkam, Chennai, 600 123, India
| | - Balamanikandan Raja
- Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chembarambakkam, Chennai, 600 123, India
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Sha YH, Hu N, Wang YD, Chen SY, Zou C, Dai ZR, Zhang H, Ding DX. Enhanced phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil by artificially constructed plant community plots. J Environ Radioact 2019; 208-209:106036. [PMID: 31493563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop an artificially constructed plant community plot for the enhanced phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soils, three uranium accumulators including Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.), Paspalum scrobiculatum linn and Macleaya cordata were used to construct four artificial plant community plots, and greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation of uranium by the plants and the organic acid content, enzyme activity, and the change of microbial community structure in their rhizosphere soils. The transfer factor (TF) and the total bioaccumulation amount (TBA) of uranium were used to describe remediation efficiencies in this paper. It was found that their remediation efficiencies were in the order Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata > Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Macleaya cordata > Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata > Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn. The bioaccumulation amount of uranium by each plant in the Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata community plot was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that by its single population, the bioaccumulation amounts of uranium by Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.), Paspalum scrobiculatum linn and Macleaya cordata were 0.29, 0.32 and 2.19 mg/plant, respectively, and they were increased by 31.82%, 77.78% and 146.07%, respectively, and the transfer efficiencies by the plants were increased by 150%, 110% and 52.17%, respectively. The interaction between the plants' roots and the microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of the Bamboo-willow (Salix sp.)-Paspalum scrobiculatum linn-Macleaya cordata community plot resulted in the high content of organic acids such as oxalic acid in the rhizosphere soil of the plant community plot, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of its single population. The chelation of the organic acids with uranium led to an increase in the proportion of exchangeable uranium in soil solution. In addition, Burkholderia, which is an iron-producing carrier bacterium and can increase the uptake and accumulation of uranium by plants, and Leptolyngbya, which is a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and can increase the biomass of plants, emerged in the rhizosphere soil of the plant community plot. These may be the mechanisms by which the phytoremediation of the uranium contaminated soils was enhanced by the plant community plot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Sha
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Exetremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Development Technology for Exetremely Low Grade Uranium Resources, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ran Dai
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Xin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Henyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Davies HS, Rosas-Moreno J, Cox F, Lythgoe P, Bewsher A, Livens FR, Robinson CH, Pittman JK. Multiple environmental factors influence 238U, 232Th and 226Ra bioaccumulation in arbuscular mycorrhizal-associated plants. Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:921-934. [PMID: 30021326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological consequences of low-dose radioactivity from natural sources or radioactive waste are important to understand but knowledge gaps still remain. In particular, the soil transfer and bioaccumulation of radionuclides into plant roots is poorly studied. Furthermore, better knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi association may help understand the complexities of radionuclide bioaccumulation within the rhizosphere. Plant bioaccumulation of uranium, thorium and radium was demonstrated at two field sites, where plant tissue concentrations reached up to 46.93 μg g-1 238U, 0.67 μg g-1 232Th and 18.27 kBq kg-1 226Ra. High root retention of uranium was consistent in all plant species studied. In contrast, most plants showed greater bioaccumulation of thorium and radium into above-ground tissues. The influence of specific soil parameters on root radionuclide bioaccumulation was examined. Total organic carbon significantly explained the variation in root uranium concentration, while other soil factors including copper concentration, magnesium concentration and pH significantly correlated with root concentrations of uranium, radium and thorium, respectively. All four orders of Glomeromycota were associated with root samples from both sites and all plant species studied showed varying association with AM fungi, ranging from zero to >60% root colonisation by fungal arbuscules. Previous laboratory studies using single plant-fungal species association had found a positive role of AM fungi in root uranium transfer, but no significant correlation between the amount of fungal infection and root uranium content in the field samples was found here. However, there was a significant negative correlation between AM fungal infection and radium accumulation. This study is the first to examine the role of AM fungi in radionuclide soil-plant transfer at a community level within the natural environment. We conclude that biotic factors alongside various abiotic factors influence the soil-plant transfer of radionuclides and future mechanistic studies are needed to explain these interactions in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S Davies
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jeanette Rosas-Moreno
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Filipa Cox
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul Lythgoe
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alastair Bewsher
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Francis R Livens
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clare H Robinson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jon K Pittman
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Kaewtubtim P, Meeinkuirt W, Seepom S, Pichtel J. Phytomanagement of radionuclides and heavy metals in mangrove sediments of Pattani Bay, Thailand using Avicennia marina and Pluchea indica. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 127:320-333. [PMID: 29475668 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study determines uptake and accumulation of radionuclides and heavy metals by Pluchea indica and Avicennia marina and evaluates phytoremediation potential via greenhouse and field experiments. P. indica and A. marina are considered excluders for 40K and 262Ra, and Pb since roots accumulated them in higher quantities compared to other plant parts, and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and transfer factor (TF) values for Pb, and 40K and 262Ra were >1, respectively. Absorbed dose rate in air (D) showed significant values in sediments, which were generally over the maximum recommended value of 55nGyh-1. Phytostabilization of radionuclides and heavy metals may serve as an appropriate strategy for mangrove-polluted areas. D values in sediments were considered sufficiently high to recommend long-term monitoring. Radionuclide activities may increase in the food chain via uptake and accumulation of edible plants, ultimately resulting in harm to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pungtip Kaewtubtim
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | | | - Sumalee Seepom
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - John Pichtel
- Ball State University, Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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15
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Charro E, Moyano A. Soil and vegetation influence in plants natural radionuclides uptake at a uranium mining site. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017; 141:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Ahsan MT, Najam-Ul-Haq M, Idrees M, Ullah I, Afzal M. Bacterial endophytes enhance phytostabilization in soils contaminated with uranium and lead. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:937-946. [PMID: 28324669 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1303813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of plants and bacteria is a promising approach for the remediation of polluted soil. In the current study, the potential of bacterial endophytes in partnership with Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth was evaluated for the remediation of uranium (U)- and lead (Pb)-contaminated soil. L. fusca was vegetated in contaminated soil and inoculated with three different endophytic bacterial strains, Pantoea stewartii ASI11, Enterobacter sp. HU38, and Microbacterium arborescens HU33, individually as well as in combination. The results showed that the L. fusca can grow in the contaminated soil. Bacterial inoculation improved plant growth and phytoremediation capacity: this manifested in the form of a 22-51% increase in root length, 25-62% increase in shoot height, 10-21% increase in chlorophyll content, and 17-59% more plant biomass in U- and Pb-contaminated soils as compared to plants without bacterial inoculation. Although L. fusca plants showed potential to accumulate U and Pb in their root and shoot on their own, bacterial consortia further enhanced metal uptake capacity by 53-88% for U and 58-97% for Pb. Our results indicate that the combination of L. fusca and endophytic bacterial consortia can effectively be used for the phytostabilization of both U- and Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Ahsan
- a Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission , Islamabad , Pakistan
- b Division of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- b Division of Analytical Chemistry , Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | | | - Inayat Ullah
- a Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- c Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division , National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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17
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Kaewtubtim P, Meeinkuirt W, Seepom S, Pichtel J. Occurrence of heavy metals and radionuclides in sediments and seawater in mangrove ecosystems in Pattani Bay, Thailand. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:7630-7639. [PMID: 28124263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems in Pattani Bay, Thailand are considered representatives for monitoring the occurrence of anthropogenic and natural pollution due to metal and radionuclide contamination. Sediments and seawater were collected from five locations to determine metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Pb) and radionuclide (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) concentrations. Spatial variations in metal and radionuclide concentrations were determined among the sampling sites. A geoaccumulation index (I geo ) and enrichment factor (EF) were used to classify the impacts of metals from anthropogenic point sources. Significant values for I geo and EF were measured for Pb in site 4 (I geo 0.65; EF 28.2) and Cd in site 1 (I geo 1.48; EF 46.2). EF values in almost all sampling sites were >1 which indicates anthropogenic pollution. To assess the potential public hazard of radioactivity, the average radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the external hazard index (H ex), the internal hazard index (H in), the absorbed dose rate in air (D), and the annual effective outdoor dose rate (E) were determined. Based on these measurements, it is concluded that the probability of human health risk from radionuclides is low. However, the absorbed dose in air (D) values in sites 4 and 5 were greater than the global average value of 55 nGy h-1, indicating that sediments in these locations pose a radiological hazard. The data obtained in this study provides useful information on metal and radionuclide background levels in mangrove sediments and seawater, and can be applied toward human health risk assessment and metal and radionuclide mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pungtip Kaewtubtim
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | | | - Sumalee Seepom
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - John Pichtel
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
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18
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Kaewtubtim P, Meeinkuirt W, Seepom S, Pichtel J. Radionuclide ( 226Ra, 232Th, 40K) accumulation among plant species in mangrove ecosystems of Pattani Bay, Thailand. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 115:391-400. [PMID: 28012738 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding phytoremediation of radionuclides from soil; even less is known about radionuclide contamination and removal in tropical ecosystems such as mangrove forests. In mangrove forests in Pattani Bay, Thailand, 18 plant species from 17 genera were evaluated for radionuclide concentrations within selected plant parts. Two shrub species, Avicennia marina and Pluchea indica, accumulated the highest 232Th (24.6Bqkg-1) and 40K (220.7Bqkg-1) activity concentrations in roots, respectively. Furthermore, the aquatic species Typha angustifolia accumulated highest 232Th, 40K and 226Ra activity concentrations (85.2, 363.5, 16.6Bqkg-1, respectively) with the highest transfer factors (TFs) (3.0, 2.0, 5.9, respectively) in leaves. Leaves of T. angustifolia had an absorbed dose rate in air (D) over the recommended value (74.8nGyh-1) that was considered sufficiently high to be of concern for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pungtip Kaewtubtim
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | | | - Sumalee Seepom
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - John Pichtel
- Ball State University, Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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Blanco Rodríguez P, Vera Tomé F, Lozano JC. Influence of soil structure on the "F v approach" applied to 238U and 226Ra. Chemosphere 2017; 168:832-838. [PMID: 27825713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The soil-to-plant transfer factors were determined in a granitic area for the two long-lived uranium series radionuclides 238U and 226Ra. With the aim to identify a physical fraction of soil whose concentration correlates linearly with the plant concentration, the soil compartment was analyzed in various stages. An initial study identified the soil compartments as being either bulk soil or its labile fraction. The bulk soil was subsequently divided into three granulometric fractions consisting of: coarse sand, fine sand, and silt and clay. The soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides for each of these three texture fractions was analyzed. Lastly, the labile fraction was extracted from each textural part, and the activity concentration of the radionuclides 238U and 226Ra was measured. In order to assess the influence of soil texture on the soil-to-plant transfer process, we sought to identify possible correlations between the activity concentration in the plant compartment and those found in the different fractions within each soil compartment. The results showed that the soil-to-plant transfer process for uranium and radium depends on soil grain size, where the results for uranium showed a linear relationship between the activity concentration of uranium in the plant and the fine soil fraction. In contrast, a linear relation between the activity concentration of radium in the plant and the soil coarse-sand fraction was observed. Additionally, the presence of phosphate and calcium in the soil of all of the compartments studied affected the soil-to-plant transfer of uranium and radium, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blanco Rodríguez
- Grupo de Radiactividad Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - F Vera Tomé
- Grupo de Radiactividad Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - J C Lozano
- Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Application of radioactive elements or radionuclides for anthropogenic use is a widespread phenomenon nowadays. Radionuclides undergo radioactive decays releasing ionizing radiation like gamma ray(s) and/or alpha or beta particles that can displace electrons in the living matter (like in DNA) and disturb its function. Radionuclides are highly hazardous pollutants of considerable impact on the environment, food chain and human health. Cleaning up of the contaminated environment through plants is a promising technology where the rhizosphere may play an important role. Plants belonging to the families of Brassicaceae, Papilionaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Poaceae, and Asteraceae are most important in this respect and offer the largest potential for heavy metal phytoremediation. Plants like Lactuca sativa L., Silybum marianum Gaertn., Centaurea cyanus L., Carthamus tinctorius L., Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus are also important plants for heavy metal phytoremediation. However, transfer factors (TF) of radionuclide from soil/water to plant ([Radionuclide]plant/[Radionuclide]soil) vary widely in different plants. Rhizosphere, rhizobacteria and varied metal transporters like NRAMP, ZIP families CDF, ATPases (HMAs) family like P1B-ATPases, are involved in the radio-phytoremediation processes. This review will discuss recent advancements and potential application of plants for radionuclide removal from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gupta
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude, 4113, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - S Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - S Datta
- Defence Research Laboratory, DRDO, Post Bag 2, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - A V Voronina
- Department of Radiochemistry and Applied Ecology, Physical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Mira str., 19, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - C Walther
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Gebäude, 4113, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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Nezami S, Malakouti MJ, Bahrami Samani A, Ghannadi Maragheh M. Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on the uptake of 226Ra by corn (Zea mays L.) in a region of high natural radioactivity in Ramsar-Iran. J Environ Radioact 2016; 164:145-150. [PMID: 27458869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the benefit of including citric and oxalic acid treatments for phytoremediation of 226Ra contaminated soils a greenhouse experiment with corn was conducted. A soil was sampled from a region of high natural 226Ra radioactivity in Ramsar, Iran. After cultivation of corn seed and using organic acid treatments at 1, 10 and 100 mM concentrations, plants (shoots and roots) were harvested, digested and prepared to measure 226Ra activity. Simultaneously, sequential selective extraction were performed to estimate the partitioning of 226Ra among geochemical extraction. Results showed that the maximum uptake of 226Ra in plants was observed in citric acid (6.3%) and then oxalic acid (6%) at 100 mM concentration. These treatments increased radium uptake by a factor of 1.5 than the control. Enhancement of radium uptake by plants was related to soil pH reduction of organic acids in comparison to control. Also, the maximum uptake of this radionuclide in all treatments was obtained in roots compared to shoots. 226Ra fractionations results revealed that 91.8% of radium was in the residual phase of the soil and the available fractions were less than 2%. As the main percent of 226Ra was in the residual phase of the soil in this region, it seems that organic acids had not significant effect on the uptake of 226Ra for phytoremediation by corn in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Nezami
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ali Bahrami Samani
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao X, Xue J, Ding D, He B, He D, Tan L, Liao L. Adsorption of low concentration of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution by diethylenetriamine functionalized Cycas revoluta leaves. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yang M, Jawitz JW, Lee M. Uranium and cesium accumulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. vulgaris) and its potential for uranium rhizofiltration. J Environ Radioact 2015; 140:42-49. [PMID: 25461514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory scale rhizofiltration experiments were performed to investigate uranium and cesium accumulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. vulgaris) and its potential for treatment of uranium contaminated groundwater. During 72 h of rhizofiltration, the roots of the bean accumulated uranium and cesium to concentrations 317-1019 times above the initial concentrations, which ranged from 100 to 700 μg l(-1) in artificially contaminated solutions. When the pH of the solution was adjusted to 3, the ability to accumulate uranium was 1.6 times higher than it was for solutions of pH 7 and pH 9. With an initial uranium concentration of 240 μg l(-1) in genuine groundwater at pH 5, the bean reduced the uranium concentration by 90.2% (to 23.6 μg l(-1)) within 12 h and by 98.9% (to 2.8 μg l(-1)) within 72 h. A laboratory scale continuous clean-up system reduced uranium concentrations from 240 μg l(-1) to below 10 μg l(-1) in 56 h; the whole uranium concentration in the bean roots during system operation was more than 2600 μg g(-1) on a dry weight basis. Using SEM and EDS analyses, the uranium removal in solution at pH 7 was determined based on adsorption and precipitation on the root surface in the form of insoluble uranium compounds. The present results demonstrate that the rhizofiltration technique using beans efficiently removes uranium and cesium from groundwater as an eco-friendly and cost-effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjune Yang
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - James W Jawitz
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Minhee Lee
- Department of Earth Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyondong, Namgu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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