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Romoli O, Henrion-Lacritick A, Blanc H, Frangeul L, Saleh MC. Limitations in harnessing oral RNA interference as an antiviral strategy in Aedes aegypti. iScience 2024; 27:109261. [PMID: 38433898 PMCID: PMC10907830 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, are critical vectors for globally significant pathogenic viruses. This study examines the limitations of oral RNA interference (RNAi) as a strategy to disrupt viral transmission by Ae. aegypti. We hypothesized that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the Zika virus (ZIKV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genomes produced by engineered bacterial symbionts could trigger an antiviral response. Mosquitoes mono-colonized with Escherichia coli producing dsZIK or dsCHIK did not display reduced viral titers following exposure to virus-contaminated bloodmeals and failed to generate dsZIK- or dsCHIK-derived small interfering RNAs. To address potential limitations of bacterial dsRNA release, we explored dsRNA inoculation via feeding and injection. Although viral replication was impeded in mosquitoes injected with dsZIK or dsCHIK, no antiviral effect was observed in dsRNA-fed mosquitoes. These findings highlight complexities of implementing oral RNAi as an antiviral strategy in Ae. aegypti and warrant further exploration of local and systemic RNAi mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Romoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNAi Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNAi Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Frangeul
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNAi Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNAi Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
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Vogel E, Santos D, Huygens C, Peeters P, Van den Brande S, Wynant N, Vanden Broeck J. The Study of Cell-Penetrating Peptides to Deliver dsRNA and siRNA by Feeding in the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Insects 2023; 14:597. [PMID: 37504603 PMCID: PMC10380834 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
RNA(i) interference is a gene silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded (ds)RNA, which promises to contribute to species-specific insect pest control strategies. The first step toward the application of RNAi as an insecticide is to enable efficient gene silencing upon dsRNA oral delivery. The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria is a devastating agricultural pest. While this species is responsive to dsRNA delivered by intra-hemocoelic injection, it is refractory to orally delivered dsRNA. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of five cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to bind long dsRNA and protect it from the locust midgut environment. We then selected the CPP EB1 for further in vivo studies. EB1:dsRNA complexes failed to induce RNAi by feeding. Interestingly, we observed that intra-hemocoelic injection of small-interfering (si)RNAs does not result in a silencing response, but that this response can be obtained by injecting EB1:siRNA complexes. EB1 also protected siRNAs from midgut degradation activity. However, EB1:siRNA complexes failed as well in triggering RNAi when fed. Our findings highlight the complexity of the dsRNA/siRNA-triggered RNAi in this species and emphasize the multifactorial nature of the RNAi response in insects. Our study also stresses the importance of in vivo studies when it comes to dsRNA/siRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vogel
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dulce Santos
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cissy Huygens
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paulien Peeters
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van den Brande
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Wynant
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Airs PM, Kudrna KE, Lubinski B, Phanse Y, Bartholomay LC. A Comparative Analysis of RNAi Trigger Uptake and Distribution in Mosquito Vectors of Disease. Insects 2023; 14:556. [PMID: 37367372 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In mosquitoes, the utilization of RNAi for functional genetics is widespread, usually mediated through introduced double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) with sequence identity to a gene of interest. However, RNAi in mosquitoes is often hampered by inconsistencies in target gene knockdown between experimental setups. While the core RNAi pathway is known to function in most mosquito strains, the uptake and biodistribution of dsRNAs across different mosquito species and life stages have yet to be extensively explored as a source of variation in RNAi experiments. To better understand mosquito-RNAi dynamics, the biodistribution of a dsRNA to a heterologous gene, LacZ (iLacZ), was tracked following various routes of exposure in the larval and adult stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex pipiens. iLacZ was largely limited to the gut lumen when exposed per os, or to the cuticle when topically applied, but spread through the hemocoel when injected. Uptake of dsRNA was noted in a subset of cells including: hemocytes, pericardial cells of the dorsal vessel, ovarian follicles, and ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. These cell types are all known to undergo phagocytosis, pinocytosis, or both, and as such may actively take up RNAi triggers. In Ae. aegypti, iLacZ was detected for up to one week post exposure by Northern blotting, but uptake and degradation drastically differed across tissues. The results presented here reveal that the uptake of RNAi triggers is distinct and specific to the cell type in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Airs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katherine E Kudrna
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bailey Lubinski
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yashdeep Phanse
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Midwest Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Kumar R, Das J, Rode S, Kaur H, Shah V, Verma P, Sharma AK. Farnesol dehydrogenase from Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) as a promising target for pest management: molecular docking, in vitro and insect bioassay studies using geranylgeraniol as potential inhibitor. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:175. [PMID: 37188291 PMCID: PMC10175528 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays pivotal roles in several critical developmental processes in insects, including metamorphosis and reproduction. JH-biosynthetic pathway enzymes are considered highly promising targets for discovering novel insecticides. The oxidation of farnesol to farnesal, catalysed by farnesol dehydrogenase (FDL), represents a rate-limiting step in JH biosynthesis. Here, we report farnesol dehydrogenase (HaFDL) from H. armigera as a promising insecticidal target. The inhibitory potential of natural substrate analogue geranylgeraniol (GGol) was tested in vitro, wherein it showed a high binding affinity (kd 595 µM) for HaFDL in isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and subsequently exhibited dose-dependent enzyme inhibition in GC-MS coupled qualitative enzyme inhibition assay. Moreover, the experimentally determined inhibitory activity of GGol was augmented by the in silico molecular docking simulation which showed that GGol formed a stable complex with HaFDL, occupied the active site pocket and interacted with key active site residues (Ser147 and Tyr162) as well as other residues that are crucial in determining the active site architecture. Further, the diet-incorporated oral feeding of GGol caused detrimental effects on larval growth and development, exhibiting a significantly reduced rate of larval weight gain (P < 0.01), aberrant pupal and adult morphogenesis, and a cumulative mortality of ~ 63%. To the best of our knowledge, the study presents the first report on evaluating GGol as a potential inhibitor for HaFDL. Overall, the findings revealed the suitability of HaFDL as a potential insecticidal target for the management H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Vivek Shah
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Pooja Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667 Uttarakhand India
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Singewar K, Fladung M. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) technology to control forest insect pests and fungal pathogens: challenges and opportunities. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:185. [PMID: 37243792 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate change alters the seasonal synchronization between plants and respective pests plus pathogens. The geographical infiltration helps to shift their hosts, resulting in novel outbreaks that damage forests and ecology. Traditional management schemes are unable to control such outbreaks, therefore unconventional and competitive governance is needed to manage forest pests and pathogens. RNA interference (RNAi) mediated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) treatment method can be implemented to protect forest trees. Exogenous dsRNA triggers the RNAi-mediated gene silencing of a vital gene, and suspends protein production, resulting in the death of targeted pathogens and pests. The dsRNA treatment method is successful for many crop insects and fungi, however, studies of dsRNA against forest pests and pathogens are depleting. Pesticides and fungicides based on dsRNA could be used to combat pathogens that caused outbreaks in different parts of the world. Although the dsRNA has proved its potential, the crucial dilemma and risks including species-specific gene selection, and dsRNA delivery methods cannot be overlooked. Here, we summarized the major fungi pathogens and insect pests that have caused outbreaks, their genomic information, and studies on dsRNA fungi-and pesticides. Current challenges and opportunities in dsRNA target decision, delivery using nanoparticles, direct applications, and a new method using mycorrhiza for forest tree protection are discussed. The importance of affordable next-generation sequencing to minimize the impact on non-target species is discussed. We suggest that collaborative research among forest genomics and pathology institutes could develop necessary dsRNA strategies to protect forest tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singewar
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany.
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Yadav M, Dahiya N, Sehrawat N. Mosquito gene targeted RNAi studies for vector control. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:180. [PMID: 37227504 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are serious public health concern. Mosquito is one of the major vectors responsible for the transmission of a number of diseases like malaria, Zika, chikungunya, dengue, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and yellow fever. Various strategies have been used for mosquito control, but the breeding potential of mosquitoes is such tremendous that most of the strategies failed to control the mosquito population. In 2020, outbreaks of dengue, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis have occurred worldwide. Continuous insecticide use resulted in strong resistance and disturbed the ecosystem. RNA interference is one of the strategies opted for mosquito control. There are a number of mosquito genes whose inhibition affected mosquito survival and reproduction. Such kind of genes could be used as bioinsecticides for vector control without disturbing the natural ecosystem. Several studies have targeted mosquito genes at different developmental stages by the RNAi mechanism and result in vector control. In the present review, we included RNAi studies conducted for vector control by targeting mosquito genes at different developmental stages using different delivery methods. The review could help the researcher to find out novel genes of mosquitoes for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Dahiya
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sehrawat
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Müller R, Bálint M, Hardes K, Hollert H, Klimpel S, Knorr E, Kochmann J, Lee KZ, Mehring M, Pauls SU, Smets G, Steinbrink A, Vilcinskas A. RNA interference to combat the Asian tiger mosquito in Europe: A pathway from design of an innovative vector control tool to its application. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108167. [PMID: 37164239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is currently spreading across Europe, facilitated by climate change and global transportation. It is a vector of arboviruses causing human diseases such as chikungunya, dengue hemorrhagic fever and Zika fever. For the majority of these diseases, no vaccines or therapeutics are available. Options for the control of Ae. albopictus are limited by European regulations introduced to protect biodiversity by restricting or phasing out the use of pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or products of genome editing. Alternative solutions are thus urgently needed to avoid a future scenario in which Europe faces a choice between prioritizing human health or biodiversity when it comes to Aedes-vectored pathogens. To ensure regulatory compliance and public acceptance, these solutions should preferably not be based on chemicals or GMOs and must be cost-efficient and specific. The present review aims to synthesize available evidence on RNAi-based mosquito vector control and its potential for application in the European Union. The recent literature has identified some potential target sites in Ae. albopictus and formulations for delivery. However, we found little information concerning non-target effects on the environment or human health, on social aspects, regulatory frameworks, or on management perspectives. We propose optimal designs for RNAi-based vector control tools against Ae. albopictus (target product profiles), discuss their efficacy and reflect on potential risks to environmental health and the importance of societal aspects. The roadmap from design to application will provide readers with a comprehensive perspective on the application of emerging RNAi-based vector control tools for the suppression of Ae. albopictus populations with special focus on Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Müller
- Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 9, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch of Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; BMBF Junior Research Group in Infection Research "ASCRIBE", Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Department Media-related Toxicity, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Integrative Parasitology and Zoophysiology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eileen Knorr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch of Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kwang-Zin Lee
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch of Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marion Mehring
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ISOE - Institute for Social-Ecological Research, Hamburger Allee 45, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Greet Smets
- Perseus BV, Kortrijksesteenweg 127 B1, B-9830 Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
| | - Antje Steinbrink
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch of Bioresources, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Khalil SMS, Alahmed AM, Munawar K. RNAi-mediated mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus using two delivery methods of potential field application. Acta Trop 2023; 243:106938. [PMID: 37146864 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing reports of resistance to traditional insecticides, there is a need for innovative ways for mosquito control. RNAi is a sequence-specific molecular biology technique for gene silencing through degradation of mRNA and prevention of protein translation. Some genes are essential for insect life and their silencing can lead to insect morbidity and/or mortality. Searching for lethal genes in Culex quinquefasciatus, we found dynamin, ROP, HMGR and JHAMT to be lethal targets for RNAi in initial screening through larval soaking in dsRNA solution. Two delivery methods, chitosan nanoparticles and genetically modified yeast cells, were used in this study and proved effective in inducing high larval mortality and low adult emergence. Adult emergence after chitosan nanoparticles/dsRNA treatment was 12.67% ± 1.76 (HMGR), 17.33% ± 1.76 (dynamin), 18.67% ± 0.67 (ROP), and 35.33% ± 0.67 (JHAMT). Genetically modified yeast increased mortalities as adult emergence was 8.33% ± 1.67 (HMGR), 13.33% ± 3.33 (dynamin), and 10% ± 2.89 (JHAMT and ROP). Chitosan nanoparticles retained 75% of its biological activity whereas yeast cells retained >95% of their activities after 7 days of incubation in water. In conclusion, our results showed that these four genes are good targets for C. quinquefasciatus control using RNAi packaged in either chitosan nanoparticles or genetically modified yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M S Khalil
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Gamaa Street, Giza, 12619, Egypt.
| | - Azzam M Alahmed
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Munawar
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pitton S, Negri A, Pezzali G, Piazzoni M, Locarno S, Gabrieli P, Quadri R, Mastrantonio V, Urbanelli S, Porretta D, Bandi C, Epis S, Caccia S. MosChito rafts as effective and eco-friendly tool for the delivery of a Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide to Aedes albopictus larvae. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3041. [PMID: 36810640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mosquito females, through their bites, are responsible for the transmission of different zoonotic pathogens. Although adult control represents a pillar for the prevention of disease spread, larval control is also crucial. Herein we characterized the effectiveness of a suitable tool, named "MosChito raft", for the aquatic delivery of a Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) formulate, a bioinsecticide active by ingestion against mosquito larvae. MosChito raft is a floating tool composed by chitosan cross-linked with genipin in which a Bti-based formulate and an attractant have been included. MosChito rafts (i) resulted attractive for the larvae of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, (ii) induced larval mortality within a few hours of exposure and, more importantly, (iii) protected the Bti-based formulate, whose insecticidal activity was maintained for more than one month in comparison to the few days residual activity of the commercial product. The delivery method was effective in both laboratory and semi-field conditions, demonstrating that MosChito rafts may represent an original, eco-based and user-friendly solution for larval control in domestic and peri-domestic aquatic habitats such as saucers and artificial containers in residential or urban environments.
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Borovsky D, Van Ekert E, Buytaert E, Peeters T, Rougé P. Cloning and characterization of Aedes aegypti juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolases (JHEHs). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2023; 112:e21977. [PMID: 36254855 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) plays an important role in the metabolism of juvenile hormone III (JH III) in insects. To study the role that JHEH plays in female Aedes aegypti JHEH 1, 2, and 3 complementary DNA (cDNAs) were cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analyses show that the three transcripts are expressed in the head thorax, the gut, the ovaries, and the fat body of females. Molecular modeling shows that the enzyme is a homodimer that binds JH III acid (JH IIIA) at the catalytic groove better than JH III. The cDNA of JHEH 1 and 2 are very similar indicating close relationship. Knocking down of jheh 1, 2, and 3 in adult female and larval Ae. aegypti using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) did not affect egg development or caused adult mortality. Larvae that were fed bacterial cells expressing dsRNA against jheh 1, 2, and 3 grew normally. Treating blood-fed female Ae. aegypti with [12-3 H](10R) JH III and analyzing the metabolites by C18 reversed phase chromatography showed that JHEH preferred substrate is not JH III but JH IIIA. Genomic analysis of jheh 1, 2, and 3 indicate that jheh 1 and 2 are transcribed from a 1.53 kb DNA whereas jheh 3 is transcribed from a 10.9 kb DNA. All three genes are found on chromosome two at distinct locations. JHEH 2 was expressed in bacterial cells and purified by Ni affinity chromatography. Sequencing of the recombinant protein by MS/MS identified JHEH 2 as the expressed recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Borovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Peeters
- Open BioLab Brussels, Erasmushogeschool, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
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11
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Zhang L, Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Guo P, Zhao P. Structural characterization and functional analysis of juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase JHAMT3 from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 151:103863. [PMID: 36341863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) is a rate-limiting enzyme of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis in insects. It transfers the methyl group of S-adenosyl methionine to either the carboxyl group of JH acids or farnesoic acid to produce JH. Six JHAMT paralogues have been identified in the silkworm (Bombyx mori); among them, JHAMT1 and JHAMT2 display a methyltransferase activity. Here, the three-dimensional crystal structure of inactive JHAMT3 and the binary complex of JHAMT3 with its cofactor S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine were determined through X-ray crystallization. Comparative structural analysis revealed that JHAMT3 adopted a similar structural pattern to that of functional JHAMT2, which comprised one core Rossmann fold domain and one substrate-binding domain. Similar to JHAMT2, JHAMT3 underwent a conformational change at the Rossmann fold domain because of cofactor binding, which promoted ligand accommodation. However, it exhibited a relatively rigid substrate-binding pocket compared with that of JHAMT2. JHAMT3 was also highly expressed in the silk gland of fourth- and fifth-instar B. mori larvae. The results of expression profiling combined with activity analysis suggested that JHAMT3 might function as a binding protein of JH acids for the regulation of JH acid titers. These findings provide a structural basis for enhancing the understanding of the physiological function of JHAMT3 and a rational framework for the development of potent and specific inhibitors of JHAMT family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yunshi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Pengchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City & Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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12
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Zhou QH, Zhang Q, Yang RL, Yuan GR, Wang JJ, Dou W. RNAi-mediated knockdown of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase disrupts larval development in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 188:105285. [PMID: 36464328 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a notoriously agricultural pest that causes serious economic losses to fruits and vegetables. Widespread insecticide resistance in B. dorsalis is a major obstacle in successful control. Therefore, new pest control strategies, such as those targeting specific genes that can block pest development, are urgently needed. In the current study, the function of JHAMT in B. dorsalis was systematically investigated. A methyltransferase gene in B. dorsalis (BdJHAMT) that is homologous to JHAMT of Drosophila melanogaster was cloned firstly. The subsequently spatiotemporal expression analysis indicated that BdJHAMT mRNA was continuously present in the larval stage, declined sharply immediately before pupation, and then increased in the adult. Subcellular localization showed that BdJHAMT was localized in the adult corpora allata and larval intestinal wall cells. The JH III titer in B. dorsalis was closely related to the transcription level of BdJHAMT in different developmental stages. The dsBdJHAMT feeding-based RNAi resulted in a greatly decreased JH III titer that disrupted fly development. The slow growth caused by BdJHAMT silencing was partially rescued by application of the JH mimic, methoprene. These results demonstrated that BdJHAMT was crucial for JH biosynthesis and thus regulated larval development in B. dorsalis, indicating it may serve as a prospective target for the development of novel control strategies against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guo-Rui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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13
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Abstract
In the recent past, cross-kingdom movement of miRNAs, small (20–25 bases), and endogenous regulatory RNA molecules has emerged as one of the major research areas to understand the potential implications in modulating the plant’s biotic stress response. The current review discussed the recent developments in the mechanism of cross-kingdom movement (long and short distance) and critical cross-talk between host’s miRNAs in regulating gene function in bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, and nematodes, and vice-versa during host-pathogen interaction and their potential implications in crop protection. Moreover, cross-kingdom movement during symbiotic interaction, the emerging role of plant’s miRNAs in modulating animal’s gene function, and feasibility of spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) in combating biotic stresses in plants are also critically evaluated. The current review article analysed the horizontal transfer of miRNAs among plants, animals, and microbes that regulates gene expression in the host or pathogenic organisms, contributing to crop protection. Further, it highlighted the challenges and opportunities to harness the full potential of this emerging approach to mitigate biotic stress efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Rabuma
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, INDIA.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Om Prakash Gupta
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, INDIA
| | - Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, INDIA
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14
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Hashiro S, Yasueda H. RNA Interference-Based Pesticides and Antiviral Agents: Microbial Overproduction Systems for Double-Stranded RNA for Applications in Agriculture and Aquaculture. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:2954. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based pesticides are pest control agents that use RNAi mechanisms as the basis of their action. They are regarded as environmentally friendly and are a promising alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. The effective substance in RNAi-based pesticides is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) designed to match the nucleotide sequence of a target essential gene of the pest of concern. When taken up by the pest, this exerts an RNAi effect and inhibits some vital biochemical/biological process in the pest. dsRNA products are also expected to be applied for the control of viral diseases in aquaculture by RNAi, especially in shrimp farming. A critical issue in the practical application of RNAi agents is that production of the dsRNA must be low-cost. Here, we review recent methods for microbial production of dsRNAs using representative microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas syringae, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and others) as host strains. The characteristics of each dsRNA production system are discussed.
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Mysore K, Sun L, Li P, Roethele JB, Misenti JK, Kosmach J, Igiede J, Duman-scheel M. A Conserved Female-Specific Requirement for the GGT Gene in Mosquito Larvae Facilitates RNAi-Mediated Sex Separation in Multiple Species of Disease Vector Mosquitoes. Pathogens 2022; 11:169. [PMID: 35215113 PMCID: PMC8879970 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several emerging mosquito control technologies are dependent on mass releases of adult males, methods of sex-sorting that can be implemented globally have not yet been established. RNAi screens led to the discovery of siRNA, which targets gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a gene which is well conserved in multiple species of mosquitoes and located at the sex-determining M locus region in Aedes aegypti. Silencing the A. aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae, Culex pipiens, and Culex quinquefasciatusGGT genes resulted in female larval death, with no significant impact on male survival. Generation of yeast strains that permitted affordable expression and oral delivery of shRNA corresponding to mosquito GGT genes facilitated larval target gene silencing and generated significantly increased 5 males:1 female adult ratios in each species. Yeast targeting a conserved sequence in Culex GGT genes was incorporated into a larval mass-rearing diet, permitting the generation of fit adult male C. pipiens and C. quinquefasciatus, two species for which labor-intensive manual sex separation had previously been utilized. The results of this study indicate that female-specific yeast-based RNAi larvicides may facilitate global implementation of population-based control strategies that require releases of sterile or genetically modified adult males, and that yeast RNAi strategies can be utilized in various species of mosquitoes that have progressed to different stages of sex chromosome evolution.
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16
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Joga MR, Mogilicherla K, Smagghe G, Roy A. RNA Interference-Based Forest Protection Products (FPPs) Against Wood-Boring Coleopterans: Hope or Hype? Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:733608. [PMID: 34567044 PMCID: PMC8461336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Forest insects are emerging in large extension in response to ongoing climatic changes, penetrating geographic barriers, utilizing novel hosts, and influencing many hectares of conifer forests worldwide. Current management strategies have been unable to keep pace with forest insect population outbreaks, and therefore novel and aggressive management strategies are urgently required to manage forest insects. RNA interference (RNAi), a Noble Prize-winning discovery, is an emerging approach that can be used for forest protection. The RNAi pathway is triggered by dsRNA molecules, which, in turn, silences genes and disrupts protein function, ultimately causing the death of the targeted insect. RNAi is very effective against pest insects; however, its proficiency varies significantly among insect species, tissues, and genes. The coleopteran forest insects are susceptible to RNAi and can be the initial target, but we lack practical means of delivery, particularly in systems with long-lived, endophagous insects such as the Emerald ash borer, Asian longhorn beetles, and bark beetles. The widespread use of RNAi in forest pest management has major challenges, including its efficiency, target gene selection, dsRNA design, lack of reliable dsRNA delivery methods, non-target and off-target effects, and potential resistance development in wood-boring pest populations. This review focuses on recent innovations in RNAi delivery that can be deployed against forest pests, such as cationic liposome-assisted (lipids), nanoparticle-enabled (polymers or peptides), symbiont-mediated (fungi, bacteria, and viruses), and plant-mediated deliveries (trunk injection, root absorption). Our findings guide future risk analysis of dsRNA-based forest protection products (FPPs) and risk assessment frameworks incorporating sequence complementarity-based analysis for off-target predictions. This review also points out barriers to further developing RNAi for forest pest management and suggests future directions of research that will build the future use of RNAi against wood-boring coleopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Reddy Joga
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amit Roy
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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17
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Borovsky D, Deckers K, Vanhove AC, Verstraete M, Rougé P, Shatters RG, Powell CA. Cloning and Characterization of Aedes aegypti Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor (TMOF) Gut Receptor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070934. [PMID: 34201823 PMCID: PMC8301768 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor (TMOF) receptor was solubilized from the guts of female Ae. Aegypti and cross linked to His6-TMOF and purified by Ni affinity chromatography. SDS PAGE identified two protein bands (45 and 61 kDa). The bands were cut digested and analyzed using MS/MS identifying a protein sequence (1306 amino acids) in the genome of Ae. aegypti. The mRNA of the receptor was extracted, the cDNA sequenced and cloned into pTAC-MAT-2. E. coli SbmA− was transformed with the recombinant plasmid and the receptor was expressed in the inner membrane of the bacterial cell. The binding kinetics of TMOF-FITC was then followed showing that the cloned receptor exhibits high affinity to TMOF (KD = 113.7 ± 18 nM ± SEM and Bmax = 28.7 ± 1.8 pmol ± SEM). Incubation of TMOF-FITC with E. coli cells that express the receptor show that the receptor binds TMOF and imports it into the bacterial cells, indicating that in mosquitoes the receptor imports TMOF into the gut epithelial cells. A 3D modeling of the receptor indicates that the receptor has ATP binding sites and TMOF transport into recombinant E. coli cells is inhibited with ATPase inhibitors Na Arsenate and Na Azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Borovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kato Deckers
- Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.D.); (A.C.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Anne Catherine Vanhove
- Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.D.); (A.C.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Maud Verstraete
- Zoological Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.D.); (A.C.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Toulouse 3, F-31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Robert G. Shatters
- USDA ARS, Subtropical Horticultural Laboratory, 2001 Rock Road, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Charles A. Powell
- UF-IFAS Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
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18
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Silver K, Cooper AM, Zhu KY. Strategies for enhancing the efficiency of RNA interference in insects. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:2645-2658. [PMID: 33440063 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency in many insect pests has significantly prevented its widespread application for insect pest management. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research in developing various strategies for enhancing RNAi efficiency. Our review focuses on the strategies in target gene selection and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery technologies. For target gene selection, genome-wide or large-scale screening strategies have been used to identify most susceptible target genes for RNAi. Other strategies include the design of dsRNA constructs and manipulate the structure of dsRNA to maximize the RNA efficiency for a target gene. For dsRNA delivery strategies, much recent research has focused on the applications of complexed or encapsulated dsRNA using various reagents, polymers, or peptides to enhance dsRNA stability and cellular uptake. Other dsRNA delivery strategies include genetic engineering of microbes (e.g. fungi, bacteria, and viruses) and plants to produce insect-specific dsRNA. The ingestion of the dsRNA-producing organisms or tissues will have lethal or detrimental effects on the target insect pests. This article also identifies obstacles to further developing RNAi for insect pest management and suggests future avenues of research that will maximize the potential for using RNAi for insect pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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19
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Ramos JE, Jain RG, Powell CA, Dawson WO, Gowda S, Borovsky D, Shatters RG. Crowdsourced Identification of Potential Target Genes for CTV Induced Gene Silencing for Controlling the Citrus Greening Vector Diaphorina citri. Front Physiol 2021; 12:571826. [PMID: 33897443 PMCID: PMC8063116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.571826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus Greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) is a disease of citrus, causing high reduction in citrus production and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama vectoring a phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter sp. We report research results using crowdsourcing challenge strategy identifying potential gene targets in D. citri to control the insect using RNA interference (RNAi). From 63 submitted sequences, 43 were selected and tested by feeding them to D. citri using artificial diet assays. After feeding on artificial diet, the three most effective dsRNAs causing 30% mortality above control silenced genes expressing iron-sulfur cluster subunit of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex (Rieske), heme iron-binding terminal oxidase enzyme (Cytochrome P450) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathway enzyme (Pterin 4α-Carbinolamine Dehydratase). These sequences were cloned into a citrus phloem-limited virus (Citrus tristeza virus, CTV T36) expressing dsRNA against these target genes in citrus. The use of a viral mediated “para-transgenic” citrus plant system caused higher mortality to adult D. citri than what was observed using artificial diet, reaching 100% when detached citrus leaves with the engineered CTV expressing dsRNA were fed to adult D. citri. Using this approach, a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be used to test future transgenic cultivars before genetically engineering citrus. RNA Seq analysis after feeding D. citri CTV-RIE on infected leaves identified transcriptionally modified genes located upstream and downstream of the targeted RIE gene. These genes were annotated showing that many are associated with the primary function of the Rieske gene that was targeted by VIGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Ramos
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Ritesh G Jain
- Indian River Research and Education Center, UF/IFAS, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Charles A Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center, UF/IFAS, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - William O Dawson
- Citrus Research and Education Center, UF/IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Siddarame Gowda
- Citrus Research and Education Center, UF/IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Dov Borovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert G Shatters
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS), Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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20
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You L, Zhang F, Huang S, Merchant A, Zhou X, Li Z. Over-expression of RNA interference (RNAi) core machinery improves susceptibility to RNAi in silkworm larvae. Insect Mol Biol 2020; 29:353-362. [PMID: 32086963 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), one of the strategies that organisms use to defend against invading viruses, is an important tool for functional genomic analysis. In insects, the efficacy of RNAi varies amongst taxa. Lepidopteran insects are, in large part, recalcitrant to RNAi. The overall goal of this study is to overcome such insensitivity in lepidopterans to RNAi. We hypothesize that over-expression of core RNAi machinery enzymes can improve RNAi efficacy in traditionally recalcitrant species. A transgenic Bombyx mori strain, Baculovirus Immediate-Early Gene, ie1, promoter driven expression of silkworm Dicer2 coding sequence (IE1-BmDicer2), which over-expresses BmDicer2, was generated by piggyBac transposon-mediated transgenesis. Two indexes, the ratio of animals that showed a silencing phenotype and the duration of silencing, were used to evaluate silencing efficiency. Significant knockdown of target gene expression was observed at 48 h postinjection at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, we coexpressed B. mori Argonaute 2 BmAgo2)and BmDicer 2 and found that 22% of the animals (n = 18) showed an obvious silencing effect even at 72 h, suggesting that coexpression of these two RNAi core machinery enzymes further increased the susceptibility of B. mori to injected double-stranded RNAs. This study offers a new strategy for functional genomics research in RNAi-refractory insect taxa in general and for lepidopterans in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- L You
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - F Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Huang
- Agricultrual and Medical Biotechnology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A Merchant
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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21
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Wiltshire RM, Duman-Scheel M. Advances in oral RNAi for disease vector mosquito research and control. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2020; 40:18-23. [PMID: 32516723 PMCID: PMC8718359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito vectors in the genera Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex transmit a variety of medically important pathogens. Current vector control tools are reaching the limits of their effectiveness, necessitating the introduction of innovative vector control technologies. RNAi, which facilitates functional characterization of mosquito genes in the laboratory, could one day be applied as a new method of vector control. Recent advances in the oral administration of microbial-based systems for delivery of species-specific interfering RNA pesticides to mosquitoes may facilitate translation of this technology to the field. Oral RNAi-based pesticides represent a new class of biorational pesticides that could combat increased global incidence of insecticide resistance and which could one day become critical components of integrated human disease vector mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Wiltshire
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Abstract
Mosquito-transmitted diseases pose a threat for a great portion of the world population. Chemical insecticides are the main tool for mosquito control. Heavy dependence on chemicals created several problems such as resistance development in many mosquito species, environmental effects, and human health issues. Other tools for mosquito control were developed and used in some parts of the world. Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a reverse genetic mechanism that was recently introduced as a new tool for pest control. Regarding mosquito, RNAi was used to study gene function and to discover genes that can be used as targets for control purposes. Several delivery methods are used to induce RNAi in mosquito larvae. Some methods such as injection and soaking are used routinely in RNAi research but have no application in the field. Other methods such as nanoparticles and microbes have some characteristics that make them good candidates for field application. In this report, we will focus on delivery methods for RNAi in mosquito larvae and will give examples for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Munawar
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam M Alahmed
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M S Khalil
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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23
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Ye W, Zeng J, Hu W, Bustos-Segura C, Noman A, Lou Y. The Desaturase Gene Nlug-desatA2 Regulates the Performance of the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and Its Relationship with Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4143. [PMID: 32532001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect desaturases are known to play an important role in chemical communication between individuals. However, their roles in insect growth, development and fecundity, and in regulating interactions of insects with plants, remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the functions of Nlug-desatA2, a desaturase gene of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). The RNA interference-based knockdown of Nlug-desatA2 decreased the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, and the level of fatty acids and triglycerides in BPH. Nlug-desatA2-knockdown also reduced the food intake, body mass and fecundity of female BPH adults, and led to abdomen atrophy and ovarian agenesis. Nlug-desatA2-knockdown suppressed the transcription of TOR (target of rapamycin), Lpp (Lipophorin) and AKHR (adipokinetic hormone receptor) in female adults. Moreover, the corrected survival rate of BPH with Nlug-desatA2-knockdown fed an artificial diet was higher than the survival rate of those fed on rice plants. Higher levels of salicylic acid in rice infested by Nlug-desatA2-knockdown female BPH adults than in rice infested by control BPH may be the reason. These findings demonstrate that Nlug-desatA2 has an essential role in lipid metabolism and is involved in the food intake, survival, development and fecundity of BPH. In addition, this gene is likely involved in regulating the responses of rice to BPH infestation.
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Taylor DM, Olds CL, Haney RS, Torrevillas BK, Luckhart S. Comprehensive and Durable Modulation of Growth, Development, Lifespan and Fecundity in Anopheles stephensi Following Larval Treatment With the Stress Signaling Molecule and Novel Antimalarial Abscisic Acid. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3024. [PMID: 32010091 PMCID: PMC6979008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval environment of holometabolous insects determines many adult life history traits including, but not limited to, rate and success of development and adult lifespan and fecundity. The ancient stress signaling hormone abscisic acid (ABA), released by plants inundated with water and by leaf and root fragments in water, is likely ubiquitous in the mosquito larval environment and is well known for its wide ranging effects on invertebrate biology. Accordingly, ABA is a relevant stimulus and signal for mosquito development. In our studies, the addition of ABA at biologically relevant levels to larval rearing containers accelerated the time to pupation and increased death of A. stephensi pupae. We could not attribute these effects, however, to ABA-dependent changes in JH biosynthesis-associated gene expression, 20E titers or transcript patterns of insulin-like peptide genes. Adult females derived from ABA-treated larvae had reduced total protein content and significantly reduced post blood meal transcript expression of vitellogenin, effects that were consistent with variably reduced egg clutch sizes and oviposition success from the first through the third gonotrophic cycles. Adult female A. stephensi derived from ABA-treated larvae also exhibited reduced lifespans relative to controls. Collectively, these effects of ABA on A. stephensi life history traits are robust, durable and predictive of multiple impacts of an important malaria vector spreading to new malaria endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Taylor
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Cassandra L Olds
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Reagan S Haney
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Brandi K Torrevillas
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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25
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Negri A, Ferrari M, Nodari R, Coppa E, Mastrantonio V, Zanzani S, Porretta D, Bandi C, Urbanelli S, Epis S. Gene silencing through RNAi and antisense Vivo-Morpholino increases the efficacy of pyrethroids on larvae of Anopheles stephensi. Malar J 2019; 18:294. [PMID: 31462239 PMCID: PMC6712854 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticides are still at the core of insect pest and vector control programmes. Several lines of evidence indicate that ABC transporters are involved in detoxification processes against insecticides, including permethrin and other pyrethroids. In particular, the ABCG4 gene, a member of the G subfamily, has consistently been shown to be up-regulated in response to insecticide treatments in the mosquito malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (both adults and larvae). Methods To verify the actual involvement of this transmembrane protein in the detoxification process of permethrin, bioassays on larvae of An. stephensi, combining the insecticide with a siRNA, specifically designed for the inhibition of ABCG4 gene expression were performed. Administration to larvae of the same siRNA, labeled with a fluorescent molecule, was effected to investigate the systemic distribution of the inhibitory RNA into the larval bodies. Based on siRNA results, similar experiments using antisense Vivo-Morpholinos (Vivo-MOs) were effected. These molecules, compared to siRNA, are expected to guarantee a higher stability in environmental conditions and in the insect gut, and present thus a higher potential for future in-field applications. Results Bioassays using two different concentrations of siRNA, associated with permethrin, led to an increase of larval mortality, compared with results with permethrin alone. These outcomes confirm that ABCG4 transporter plays a role in the detoxification process against the selected insecticide. Moreover, after fluorescent labelling, it was shown the systemic dissemination of siRNA in different body districts of An. stephensi larvae, which suggest a potential systemic effect of the molecule. At the same time, results of Vivo-MO experiments were congruent with those obtained using siRNA, thus confirming the potential of ABCG4 inhibition as a strategy to increase permethrin susceptibility in mosquitoes. For the first time, Vivo-MOs were administered in water to larvae, with evidence for a biological effect. Conclusions Targeting ABCG4 gene for silencing through both techniques resulted in an increased pyrethroid efficacy. These results open the way toward the possibility to exploit ABCG4 inhibition in the context of integrated programmes for the control An. stephensi mosquitoes and malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Negri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5301, USA
| | - Riccardo Nodari
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Coppa
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastrantonio
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Zanzani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine-DIMEVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
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26
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Vogel E, Santos D, Mingels L, Verdonckt TW, Broeck JV. RNA Interference in Insects: Protecting Beneficials and Controlling Pests. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1912. [PMID: 30687124 PMCID: PMC6336832 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals on Earth with an equally diverse virome. The main antiviral immune system of these animals is the post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism known as RNA(i) interference. Furthermore, this process can be artificially triggered via delivery of gene-specific double-stranded RNA molecules, leading to specific endogenous gene silencing. This is called RNAi technology and has important applications in several fields. In this paper, we review RNAi mechanisms in insects as well as the potential of RNAi technology to contribute to species-specific insecticidal strategies. Regarding this aspect, we cover the range of strategies considered and investigated so far, as well as their limitations and the most promising approaches to overcome them. Additionally, we discuss patterns of viral infection, specifically persistent and acute insect viral infections. In the latter case, we focus on infections affecting economically relevant species. Within this scope, we review the use of insect-specific viruses as bio-insecticides. Last, we discuss RNAi-based strategies to protect beneficial insects from harmful viral infections and their potential practical application. As a whole, this manuscript stresses the impact of insect viruses and RNAi technology in human life, highlighting clear lines of investigation within an exciting and promising field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vogel
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dulce Santos
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lina Mingels
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas-Wolf Verdonckt
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Guo W, Bai C, Wang Z, Wang P, Fan Q, Mi X, Wang L, He J, Pang J, Luo X, Fu W, Tian Y, Si H, Zhang G, Wu J. Double-Stranded RNAs High-Efficiently Protect Transgenic Potato from Leptinotarsa decemlineata by Disrupting Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:11990-11999. [PMID: 30398356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed for plant pest control. In this study, hairpin-type double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting the juvenile hormone (JH) acid methyltransferase ( JHAMT) gene ( dsJHAMT) was introduced in potato plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results indicated that the transcriptional RNA of dsJHAMT accumulated in the transgenic plants. The transcripts and proteins of the L. decemlineata JHAMT gene were significantly reduced in larvae feeding on dsJHAMT transgenic foliage. The dsJHAMT had a significant negative effect on the growth and development of L. decemlineata, especially resulting in less oviposition. Importantly, in the field trials, transgenic plants are high-efficiently protected from insect damage mainly because surviving insects laid fewer or no eggs. Even full protection from beetle damage can be acquired by continuously lowering insect population size at large scale in the field over the years. Therefore, the transgenic plants expressing dsJHAMT successfully provided an additional option for plant pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Plant Protection , Xinjiang Agricultural Academy of Sciences , Xinjiang , Urumqi , China
| | - Chao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Cotton Research , Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Sciences , Shanxi , Yuncheng , China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Cotton Research , Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Sciences , Shanxi , Yuncheng , China
| | - Qiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- College of Biology Science and Technology , Gansu Agricultural University , Gansu , Lanzhou , China
| | - Xiaoxiao Mi
- College of Biology Science and Technology , Gansu Agricultural University , Gansu , Lanzhou , China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jiang He
- Institute of Plant Protection , Xinjiang Agricultural Academy of Sciences , Xinjiang , Urumqi , China
| | - Jinhuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Institute of Cotton Research , Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Sciences , Shanxi , Yuncheng , China
| | - Weidong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yingchuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Huaijun Si
- College of Biology Science and Technology , Gansu Agricultural University , Gansu , Lanzhou , China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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Dominguez CV, Maestro JL. Expression of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase and juvenile hormone synthesis in Blattella germanica. Insect Sci 2018; 25:787-796. [PMID: 28374493 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH), a sesquiterpenoid synthetized by the insect corpora allata (CA), plays critical roles in metamorphosis and reproduction. Penultimate or last step of JH synthesis is catalyzed by juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT). Here we report the cloning and expression analysis of the JHAMT orthologue in the cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (BgJHAMT). BgJHAMT is mainly expressed in CA, with only expression traces in ovary. Three different isoforms, differing in the 3'-UTR sequence, were identified. Isoform A shows between 35 and 65 times higher expression than B and C in CA from penultimate nymphal instar and adult females. RNAi-triggered knock down of BgJHAMT produces a dramatic reduction of JH synthesis, concomitant with a decrease of fat body vitellogenin expression and basal follicle length. BgJHAMT mRNA levels in CA of females along the gonadotrophic cycle parallel, with a slight advancement, JH synthesis profile. BgJHAMT mRNA levels were reduced in starved females and in females in which we reduced nutritional signaling by knocking down insulin receptor and target of rapamycin (TOR). Results show that conditions that modify JH synthesis in adult B. germanica females show parallel changes of BgJHAMT mRNA levels and that the JH-specific branch of the JH synthesis pathway is regulated in the same way as the mevalonate branch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nutrition and its signaling through the insulin receptor and TOR pathways are essential for activating BgJHAMT expression, which suggests that this enzyme can be a checkpoint for the regulation of JH production in relation to nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Dominguez
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Maestro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Duman-Scheel M, Eggleson KK, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Hapairai LK. Mosquito control practices and perceptions: An analysis of economic stakeholders during the Zika epidemic in Belize, Central America. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201075. [PMID: 30024951 PMCID: PMC6053204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tourist-based economy of Belize, a tropical hub for eco-tourism, is at high risk to be disproportionately impacted by established and emerging mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika. An online survey was used to probe economic stakeholders working in the Belize tourism industry about their mosquito control practices and perceptions. Responses demonstrated that the respondents have good working knowledge of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne illnesses. Most businesses surveyed engage in some means of mosquito control, either through larval source reduction or use of insecticides on the premises. Larvicide use was significantly correlated with a general willingness to use insecticides, as well as belief that treatment of water will reduce mosquito densities and disease transmission. A majority of the respondents agreed that they would be interested in buying a new larvicide to be used on the business premises if it were shown to be safe and effective. The safety of mosquito control products for humans, animals, plants, and the environment in general, followed by product effectiveness, are the most critical determinants of mosquito control purchasing decisions. A majority of respondents agreed that control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne illnesses is central to the success of their tourist-based industry. Respondents expressed significant concern that the Zika epidemic was over-sensationalized by the media, and that this negatively impacted their livelihoods. The respondents, many of whom are associated with eco/sustainable businesses, also voiced concerns that chemical pesticides could have a negative impact on human health and the environment and expressed a desire for balance between effective mosquito control and preservation of the rich biodiversity of Belize. This study provided a framework for further engagement activities in Belize and other Caribbean nations, uncovered both concerns and support for emerging mosquito control technologies, and revealed opportunities for further debate and educational outreach efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Duman-Scheel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kathleen K. Eggleson
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John P. Grieco
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Limb K. Hapairai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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30
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Zhang Y, Cui J, Zhou Y, Cao J, Gong H, Zhang H, Zhou J. Liposome mediated double-stranded RNA delivery to silence ribosomal protein P0 in the tick Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:638-644. [PMID: 29444753 PMCID: PMC5866483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Control of ticks has been achieved primarily by the application of acaricides, which has drawbacks such as environmental contamination leading to the selection of pesticide-resistant ticks. The potential of dsRNA to suppress genes critical for tick survival due to its sequence specificity suggests that dsRNAs could be developed as tailor-made pesticides. In this study, the dsRNA of P0 gene from the tick, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, was evaluated as a potential anti-tick agent. Effects of using different dsRNA delivery methods were tested by quantitative RT-PCR and tick bioassays to determine survival, feeding and reproduction. The results showed that P0 dsRNAs could be effectively delivered into ticks and silenced by incubating with liposomes. Incubation time was found to be the most important factor in dsRNA delivery and gene silencing compared with liposome types and dsRNA concentration. The effects of P0 dsRNA treatment on ticks were found to be significant on blood feeding, molting or reproduction. These data show that anti-tick agents based on dsRNAs could have potential use in tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Mysore K, Hapairai LK, Sun L, Harper EI, Chen Y, Eggleson KK, Realey JS, Scheel ND, Severson DW, Wei N, Duman-Scheel M. Yeast interfering RNA larvicides targeting neural genes induce high rates of Anopheles larval mortality. Malar J 2017; 16:461. [PMID: 29132374 PMCID: PMC5683233 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although larviciding can reduce the number of outdoor biting malaria vector mosquitoes, which may help to prevent residual malaria transmission, the current larvicide repertoire is faced with great challenges to sustainability. The identification of new effective, economical, and biorational larvicides could facilitate maintenance and expansion of the practice of larviciding in integrated malaria vector mosquito control programmes. Interfering RNA molecules represent a novel class of larvicides with untapped potential for sustainable mosquito control. This investigation tested the hypothesis that short interfering RNA molecules can be used as mosquito larvicides. Results A small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for larval lethal genes identified siRNAs corresponding to the Anopheles gambiae suppressor of actin (Sac1), leukocyte receptor complex member (lrc), and offtrack (otk) genes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) was engineered to produce short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for silencing of these genes. Feeding larvae with the engineered yeasts resulted in silenced target gene expression, a severe loss of neural synapses in the larval brain, and high levels of larval mortality. The larvicidal activities of yeast interfering RNA larvicides were retained following heat inactivation and drying of the yeast into user-friendly tablet formulations that induced up to 100% larval mortality in laboratory trials. Conclusions Ready-to-use dried inactivated yeast interfering RNA larvicide tablets may someday be an effective and inexpensive addition to malaria mosquito control programmes and a valuable, biorational tool for addressing residual malaria transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-017-2112-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Mysore
- Dept. of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46530, USA.,The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Limb K Hapairai
- Dept. of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46530, USA.,The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Longhua Sun
- The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Dept. of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Harper
- Dept. of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46530, USA.,The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yingying Chen
- The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kathleen K Eggleson
- The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Dept. of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46530, USA
| | - Jacob S Realey
- Dept. of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46530, USA.,The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Nicholas D Scheel
- The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Dept. of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David W Severson
- Dept. of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46530, USA.,The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Dept. of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Na Wei
- The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Dept. of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, 46530, USA. .,The University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA. .,Dept. of Biological Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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Hapairai LK, Mysore K, Chen Y, Harper EI, Scheel MP, Lesnik AM, Sun L, Severson DW, Wei N, Duman-Scheel M. Lure-and-Kill Yeast Interfering RNA Larvicides Targeting Neural Genes in the Human Disease Vector Mosquito Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13223. [PMID: 29038510 PMCID: PMC5643370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New mosquito control strategies are vitally needed to address established arthropod-borne infectious diseases such as dengue and yellow fever and emerging diseases such as Zika and chikungunya, all of which are transmitted by the disease vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. In this investigation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) was engineered to produce short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) corresponding to the Aedes aegypti orthologs of fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 2 (fez2) and leukocyte receptor cluster (lrc) member, two genes identified in a recent screen for A. aegypti larval lethal genes. Feeding A. aegypti with the engineered yeasts resulted in silenced target gene expression, disrupted neural development, and highly significant larval mortality. Larvicidal activities were retained following heat inactivation and drying of the yeast into tabular formulations that induced >95% mortality and were found to attract adult females to oviposit. These ready-to-use inactivated yeast interfering RNA tablets may one day facilitate the seamless integration of this new class of lure-and-kill species-specific biorational mosquito larvicides into integrated mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limb K Hapairai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Keshava Mysore
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Yingying Chen
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Harper
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Max P Scheel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra M Lesnik
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Longhua Sun
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - David W Severson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Na Wei
- The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,The University of Notre Dame Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Molly Duman-Scheel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, South Bend, IN, USA. .,The University of Notre Dame Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA. .,The University of Notre Dame Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Kumar M, Mohanty AK, Sreenivasamurthy SK, Dey G, Advani J, Pinto SM, Kumar A, Prasad TSK. Response to Blood Meal in the Fat Body of Anopheles stephensi Using Quantitative Proteomics: Toward New Vector Control Strategies Against Malaria. OMICS 2017; 21:520-530. [PMID: 28873011 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a grand challenge for disruptive innovation in global health therapeutics and diagnostics. Anopheles stephensi is one of the major vectors of malaria in Asia. Vector and transmission control are key focus areas in the fight against malaria, a field of postgenomics research where proteomics can play a substantive role. Moreover, to identify novel strategies to control the vector population, it is necessary to understand the vector life processes at a global and molecular scale. In this context, fat body is a vital organ required for vitellogenesis, vector immunity, vector physiology, and vector-parasite interaction. Given its central role in energy metabolism, vitellogenesis, and immune function, the proteome profile of the fat body and the impact of blood meal (BM) ingestion on the protein abundances of this vital organ have not been investigated so far. Therefore, using a proteomics approach, we identified the proteins expressed in the fat body of An. stephensi and their differential expression in response to BM ingestion. In all, we identified 3,218 proteins in the fat body using high-resolution mass spectrometry, of which 483 were found to be differentially expressed in response to the BM ingestion. Bioinformatics analysis of these proteins underscored their role in amino acid metabolism, vitellogenesis, lipid transport, signal peptide processing, mosquito immunity, and oxidation-reduction processes. Interestingly, we identified five novel genes, which were found to be differentially expressed upon BM ingestion. Proteins that exhibited altered expression in the present study are potential targets for vector control strategies and development of transmission blocking vaccines in the fight against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , Bangalore, India .,2 Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Gourav Dey
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , Bangalore, India .,2 Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , Bangalore, India .,2 Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- 4 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- 3 National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR) , Panjim, India
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics , Bangalore, India .,4 YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India .,5 NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences , Bangalore, India
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34
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Muema JM, Nyanjom SG, Mutunga JM, Njeru SN, Bargul JL. Green tea proanthocyanidins cause impairment of hormone-regulated larval development and reproductive fitness via repression of juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase, insulin-like peptide and cytochrome P450 genes in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173564. [PMID: 28301607 PMCID: PMC5354366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful optimization of plant-derived compounds into control of nuisance insects would benefit from scientifically validated targets. However, the close association between the genotypic responses and physiological toxicity effects mediated by these compounds remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the sublethal dose effects of proanthocyanidins (PAs) sourced from green tea (Camellia sinensis) on life history traits of Anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) mosquitoes with an aim to unravel the probable molecular targets. Based on the induced phenotypic effects, genes selected for study targeted juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, signal transduction, oxidative stress response and xenobiotic detoxification in addition to vitellogenesis in females. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure of larval stages (L3/L4) to sublethal dose of 5 ppm dramatically extended larval developmental period for up to 12 days, slowed down pupation rates, induced abnormal larval-pupal intermediates and caused 100% inhibition of adult emergence. Further, females exhibited significant interference of fecundity and egg hatchability relative to controls (p < 0.001). Using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), our findings show that PA-treated larvae exhibited significant repression of AgamJHAMT (p < 0.001), AgamILP1 (p < 0.001) and AgamCYP6M2 (p < 0.001) with up-regulation of Hsp70 (p < 0.001). Females exposed as larvae demonstrated down-regulation of AgamVg (p = 0.03), AgamILP1 (p = 0.009), AgamCYP6M2 (p = 0.05) and AgamJHAMT (p = 0.02). Our findings support that C. sinensis proanthocyanidins affect important vectorial capacity components such as mosquito survival rates and reproductive fitness thus could be potentially used for controlling populations of malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M. Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven G. Nyanjom
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James M. Mutunga
- Malaria Research Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sospeter N. Njeru
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Joel L. Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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35
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Airs PM, Bartholomay LC. RNA Interference for Mosquito and Mosquito-Borne Disease Control. Insects 2017; 8:E4. [PMID: 28067782 PMCID: PMC5371932 DOI: 10.3390/insects8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool to silence endogenous mosquito and mosquito-borne pathogen genes in vivo. As the number of studies utilizing RNAi in basic research grows, so too does the arsenal of physiological targets that can be developed into products that interrupt mosquito life cycles and behaviors and, thereby, relieve the burden of mosquitoes on human health and well-being. As this technology becomes more viable for use in beneficial and pest insect management in agricultural settings, it is exciting to consider its role in public health entomology. Existing and burgeoning strategies for insecticide delivery could be adapted to function as RNAi trigger delivery systems and thereby expedite transformation of RNAi from the lab to the field for mosquito control. Taken together, development of RNAi-based vector and pathogen management techniques & strategies are within reach. That said, tools for successful RNAi design, studies exploring RNAi in the context of vector control, and studies demonstrating field efficacy of RNAi trigger delivery have yet to be honed and/or developed for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Airs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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36
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Fu KY, Li Q, Zhou LT, Meng QW, Lü FG, Guo WC, Li GQ. Knockdown of juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase severely affects the performance of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) larvae and adults. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:1231-1241. [PMID: 26299648 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a critical role in the regulation of metamorphosis in Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a notorious defoliator of potato. JH acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) is involved in one of the final steps of JH biosynthesis. RESULTS A putative JHAMT cDNA (LdJHAMT) was cloned. Two double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) (dsJHAMT1 and dsJHAMT2) against LdJHAMT were constructed and bacterially expressed. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of RNAi in both second- and fourth-instar larvae. Dietary introduction of dsJHAMT1 and dsJHAMT2 successfully knocked down the target gene, lowered JH titre in the haemolymph and reduced the transcript of Krüppel homologue 1 gene. Ingestion of dsJHAMT caused larval death and weight loss, shortened larval developmental period and impaired pupation. Moreover, the dsJHAMT-fed pupae exhibited lower adult emergence rates. The resulting adults weighed an average of 50 mg less than the control group, and the females did not deposit eggs. Application of pyriproxyfen to the dsJHAMT-fed insects rescued all the negative effects. CONCLUSIONS LdJHAMT expresses functional JHAMT enzyme. The RNAi targeting LdJHAMT could be used for control of L. decemlineata. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yun Fu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Tao Zhou
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Gong Lü
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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37
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Lu K, Chen X, Liu WT, Zhang XY, Chen MX, Zhou Q. Nutritional Signaling Regulates Vitellogenin Synthesis and Egg Development through Juvenile Hormone in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:269. [PMID: 26927076 PMCID: PMC4813133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect female reproduction which comprises the synthesis of vitellogenein (Vg) in the fat body and its incorporation into developing oocytes, needs a large amount of energy and food resources. Our previous studies found that juvenile hormone (JH) regulates vitellogenesis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Here, we report on the role of JH in nutrient-regulated Vg synthesis and egg development. We first cloned the genes coding for juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) which is involved in JH biosynthesis and methoprene-tolerant (Met) for JH action. Amino acids (AAs) induced the expression of jmtN, while showing no effects on the expression of met using an artificial diet culture system. Reduction in JH biosynthesis or its action by RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of jmtN or met led to a severe inhibition of AAs-induced Vg synthesis and oocyte maturation, together with lower fecundity. Furthermore, exogenous application of JH III partially restored Vg expression levels in jmtN RNAi females. However, JH III application did not rescue Vg synthesis in these met RNAi insects. Our results show that AAs induce Vg synthesis in the fat body and egg development in concert with JH biosynthesis in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), rather than through JH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Ming-Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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38
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Das S, Debnath N, Cui Y, Unrine J, Palli SR. Chitosan, Carbon Quantum Dot, and Silica Nanoparticle Mediated dsRNA Delivery for Gene Silencing in Aedes aegypti: A Comparative Analysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:19530-5. [PMID: 26291176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In spite of devastating impact of mosquito borne pathogens on humans, widespread resistance to chemical insecticides and environmental concerns from residual toxicity limit mosquito control strategies. We tested three nanoparticles, chitosan, carbon quantum dot (CQD), and silica complexed with dsRNA, to target two mosquito genes (SNF7 and SRC) for controlling Aedes aegypti larvae. Relative mRNA levels were quantified using qRT-PCR to evaluate knockdown efficiency in nanoparticle-dsRNA treated larvae. The knockdown efficiency of target genes correlated with dsRNA mediated larval mortality. Among the three nanoparticles tested, CQD was the most efficient carrier for dsRNA retention, delivery, and thereby causing gene silencing and mortality in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumistha Das
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana , Gurgaon 122413, India
| | - Nitai Debnath
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana , Gurgaon 122413, India
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
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Wan GJ, Wang WJ, Xu JJ, Yang QF, Dai MJ, Zhang FJ, Sword GA, Pan WD, Chen FJ. Cryptochromes and Hormone Signal Transduction under Near-Zero Magnetic Fields: New Clues to Magnetic Field Effects in a Rice Planthopper. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132966. [PMID: 26173003 PMCID: PMC4501744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are considerable reports of magnetic field effects (MFE) on organisms, very little is known so far about the MFE-related signal transduction pathways. Here we establish a manipulative near-zero magnetic field (NZMF) to investigate the potential signal transduction pathways involved in MFE. We show that exposure of migratory white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, to the NZMF results in delayed egg and nymphal development, increased frequency of brachypterous females, and reduced longevity of macropterous female adults. To understand the changes in gene expression underlying these phenotypes, we examined the temporal patterns of gene expression of (i) CRY1 and CRY2 as putative magnetosensors, (ii) JHAMT, FAMeT and JHEH in the juvenile hormone pathway, (iii) CYP307A1 in the ecdysone pathway, and (iv) reproduction-related Vitellogenin (Vg). The significantly altered gene expression of CRY1 and CRY2 under the NZMF suggest their developmental stage-specific patterns and potential upstream location in magnetic response. Gene expression patterns of JHAMT, JHEH and CYP307A1 were consistent with the NZMF-triggered delay in nymphal development, higher proportion of brachypterous female adults, and the shortened longevity of macropterous female adults, which show feasible links between hormone signal transduction and phenotypic MFE. By conducting manipulative NZMF experiments, our study suggests an important role of the geomagnetic field (GMF) in modulating development and physiology of insects, provides new insights into the complexity of MFE-magnetosensitivity interactions, and represents an initial but crucial step forward in understanding the molecular basis of cryptochromes and hormone signal transduction involved in MFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jun Wan
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Feng Yang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Dai
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gregory A. Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Wei-Dong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Jun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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40
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Van Ekert E, Shatters RG, Rougé P, Powell CA, Smagghe G, Borovsky D. Cloning and expressing a highly functional and substrate specific farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase from the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:264-75. [PMID: 25893162 PMCID: PMC4398755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, transmits a phloem-limited bacterium, Candidatus 'Liberibacter' asiaticus that causes citrus greening disease. Because juvenile hormone (JH) plays an important role in adult and nymphal development, we studied the final steps in JH biosynthesis in D. citri. A putative JH acid methyltransferase ortholog gene (jmtD) and its cognate cDNA were identified by searching D. citri genome database. Expression analysis shows expression in all life stages. In adults, it is expressed in the head-thorax, (containing the corpora allata), and the abdomen (containing ovaries and male accessory glands). A 3D protein model identified the catalytic groove with catalytically active amino acids and the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-binding loop. The cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli cells and the purified enzyme showed high preference for farnesoic acid (FA) and homoFA (kcat of 0.752 × 10(-3) and 0.217 × 10(-3) s(-1), respectively) as compared to JH acid I (JHA I) (cis/trans/cis; 2Z, 6E, 10cis), JHA III (2E, 6E, 10cis), and JHA I (trans/cis/cis; 2E, 2Z, 10cis) (kcat of 0.081 × 10(-3), 0.013 × 10(-3), and 0.003 × 10(-3) s(-1), respectively). This suggests that this ortholog is a DcFA-o-methyl transferase gene (fmtD), not a jmtD, and that JH biosynthesis in D. citri proceeds from FA to JH III through methyl farnesoate (MF). DcFA-o-MT does not require Ca(2+), Mg(2+) or Zn(2+), however, Zn(2+) (1 mM) completely inhibits the enzyme probably by binding H115 at the active groove. This represents the first purified FA-o-MT from Hemiptera with preferred biological activity for FA and not JHA.
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Key Words
- 3D modeling
- Diaphorina citri
- FA, farnesoic acid
- FA-o-MT, farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase
- Farnesoic acid methyltransferase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gene expression
- JH, juvenile hormone
- JHA, juvenile hormone acid
- JHAMT, juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase
- Juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase
- MF, methyl farnesoate
- MMLV, Moloney murine leukemia virus
- RP, reversed phase
- SAM, S-adenosyl methionine
- SAM-MT, S-adenosyl methionine-dependent methyltransferase
- fmtD, Diaphorina citri farnesoic acid o-methyltransferase gene
- jmtD, juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase ortholog gene of Diaphorina citri
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Rougé
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - Charles A Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, FL 34945, USA
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