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Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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2
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Baarz BR, Rink L. Rebalancing the unbalanced aged immune system - A special focus on zinc. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101541. [PMID: 34915196 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, aging is understood as a dynamic and multifaceted dysregulation process that spares almost no human organ or cell. The immune system being among the most affected, it has been shown predominantly that its integrity determines the tightrope walk between the difference of escaping or suffering from age-related diseases. Next to drug-based anti-aging strategies, micronutrient intervention may represent an emerging but less radical way to slow immune aging. While a sufficient supply of a variety of micronutrients is undeniably important, adequate intake of the trace element zinc appears to tower over others in terms of reaching old age. Inconveniently, zinc deficiency prevalence among the elderly is high, which in turn contributes to increased susceptibility to infection, decreased anti-tumor immunity as well as attenuated response to vaccination. Driven by this research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the various rebalancing capabilities of zinc in the unbalanced immune system of the elderly. This includes an in-depth and cell type-centered discussion on the role of zinc in immunosenescence and inflammaging. We further address upcoming translational aspects e.g. how zinc deficiency promotes the flourishing of certain pathogenic taxa of the gut microbiome and how zinc supply counteracts such alterations in a manner that may contribute to longevity. In the light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we also briefly review current knowledge on the interdependency between age, zinc status, and respiratory infections. Based on two concrete examples and considering the latest findings in the field we conclude our remarks by outlining tremendous parallels between suboptimal zinc status and accelerated aging on the one hand and an optimized zinc status and successful aging on the other hand.
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Alluri K, Yathapu SR, Kondapalli NB, Hemalatha R, Nair KM, Ghosh S. Levels of Zinc Transporters mRNA Depending on Zinc Status and HIV-1 Tat Induced Inflammation in Muscle (Rhabdomyosarcoma) and Monocyte (THP-1) Cell Lines. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:168-178. [PMID: 33832415 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792102005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and muscles demonstrate functionally contrasting behavior under conditions of zinc deficiency with relation to zinc storage system (muscle retain zinc in contrast to monocytes). We aimed to understand the effects of zinc status and HIV-1 Tat mediated inflammation on expression of zinc transporters in these types of cells. Expression of zinc transporters [ZnTs, ZIPs, and metallothionein (MT)] was quantified by qRT-PCR in RD, THP-1 cells separately and in co-cultured THP-1-RD cells. ZnT1 protein expression levels were confirmed by Western blot. Significant increase of MT and ZnT1 mRNA in response to zinc supplementation and decrease during zinc deficiency indicates significance of the genes encoding transporters in maintaining zinc homeostasis in these tissues. In the RD cells ZIP10 exhibited inverse relation to zinc status whereas no correlation was found in the THP-1 cells. Tat-induced inflammation resulted in the significant elevation of MT, IL6, ZIP7, ZIP8, ZIP9 transcripts in the co-cultured RD cells, whereas THP-1 cells demonstrated increased IL-1β levels and reduced levels of ZIP7 and ZIP14. Zinc status and HIV-1Tat induced inflammation appear to influence differential expression of MT, ZnTs, and ZIPs in the muscle and monocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Alluri
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | | | - Narendra Babu Kondapalli
- Microbiology and Immunology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Rajkumar Hemalatha
- Microbiology and Immunology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Krishna Madhavan Nair
- Micronutrient Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Hosseini R, Ferns GA, Sahebkar A, Mirshekar MA, Jalali M. Zinc supplementation is associated with a reduction in serum markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cytokine 2020; 138:155396. [PMID: 33333394 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is a trace metal that is considered to have an impact on chronic inflammation. However, findings of clinical trials have been inconsistent. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a more robust examination of the evidence on the effectiveness of Zn supplements on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was undertaken to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of Zn on inflammation and oxidative stress until 17 August 2020. We applied a random-effects method to obtain effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression was used to detect the potential source of between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-one eligible RCTs comprising 1321 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In comparison with the control groups, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.92 mg/L, 95% CI = [-1.36, -0.48], P < 0.001, I2 = 90.2%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (ES = -0.49 pg/mL, 95% CI = [-084, -0.14], P = 0.006, I2 = 34.6%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES = -0.42, 95% CI = [-083, -0.01], P = 0.04, I2 = 76.1%) were significantly reduced in the groups receiving Zn. Serum interleukin 6 (ES = -1.02 pg/mL, 95% CI = [-2.06, 0.02], P = 0.05, I2 = 92.3%) was marginally reduced following Zn supplementation. Moreover, treatment duration was found as the source of inter-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that Zn supplements reduce serum concentrations of markers of inflammation and oxidation: CRP, TNF-α and MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Giacconi R, Giuli C, Casoli T, Balietti M, Costarelli L, Provinciali M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Postacchini D, Galeazzi R, Fattoretti P, Nisi L, Fabbietti P, Papa R, Malavolta M. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease influence Zinc and Copper homeostasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:58-63. [PMID: 31345366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. An altered homeostasis of Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu), as well as a dysregulated expression of Zn-regulatory proteins have been previously described in AD. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) are commonly used as AD treatment to improve cognitive function, but their effect on Zn homeostasis is still unexplored. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to define the metal dyshomeostasis in AD patients, to investigate AChEI influence on Zn homeostasis and inflammation, and to analyze the relationship between cognitive impairment at two-year follow-up and metal concentrations, considering AChEI use. METHODS AND RESULTS 84 Healthy Elderly (HE) and 95 AD patients were enrolled (62 AchEI user and 33 AchEI naïve). HE showed similar plasma Zn and Cu concentrations and Cu/Zn ratio in comparison to AChEI users, but significantly higher Zn level, as well as lower Cu amount and Cu/Zn ratio than AChEI naïve patients. Moreover, AChEI users had increased Zn plasma level, reduced Cu amount, Cu/Zn ratio, and IL1β concentration and lower Zip2 lymphocytic expression vs. naïve patients. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the MMSE score decline after two-year follow-up was reduced by AChEI therapy and was positively associated with plasma Zn decrease over time. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that AChEI use may affect peripheral Zn and Cu homeostasis in AD patients, decrease Cu/Zn ratio demonstrating a general reduction of inflammatory status in patients under AChEI treatment. Finally, AChEI influence on circulating Zn could be implicated in the drug-related slowdown of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
| | - C Giuli
- Geriatrics Operative Unit, IRCCS INRCA, Fermo, Italy
| | - T Casoli
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Balietti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Costarelli
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Postacchini
- Geriatrics Operative Unit, IRCCS INRCA, Fermo, Italy
| | - R Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Fattoretti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Nisi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Fabbietti
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Papa
- Centre of Socio-Economic Gerontological Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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He B, Bortoluzzi C, King WD, Graugnard D, Dawson KA, Applegate TJ. Zinc source influences the gene expression of zinc transporters in jejunum and cecal tonsils during broiler challenge with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1146-1152. [PMID: 30285259 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary zinc (Zn) source on gene expression of Zn transporters (metallothionein [MT], ZIP 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14, and ZnT 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10) in the jejunum and cecal tonsils of broilers challenged with coccidia or coccidia plus Clostridium perfringens. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used with 2 Zn sources (90 mg Zn/kg from either ZnSO4 or an organic Zn, Bioplex® Zn) and challenged with approximately 5,000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima at 14 d of age with or without C. perfringens (108 CFU/bird) at 18, 19, and 20 d of age (8 pens per treatment and 8 birds per pen) after which 1 bird/pen was sampled at 21 d of age. In the jejunum, co-infection resulted in higher ZnT 5 and 6 gene expression, while organic Zn fed birds had lower ZIP 5 and 11, and higher ZnT1. Additionally, an interaction of challenge by Zn source was noted wherein ZnT10 was unaffected by the C. perfringens in the organic Zn treatment but was 2.7-fold lower in the co-infected ZnSO4 fed birds. S100A9 gene expression, a biomarker of inflammatory response in necrotic enteritis, increased 2 and 2.8-fold in the cecal tonsils and jejunum with the co-infection, respectively. Supplementation with organic Zn lowered S100A9 by 1.9 and 4.4-fold in the cecal tonsils and jejunum, respectively, when birds were supplemented with ZnSO4. Notably, MT, ZIP 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, or 14, and ZnT 4, 7, and 9 were unaffected by Zn source and/or method of challenge. An interaction of challenge by Zn source was also noted for serum Zn concentration, which was reduced when birds were challenged with C. perfringens and fed ZnSO4 but no difference between challenge method when birds were fed organic Zn. Based on the expression of ZnT and ZIP genes, more Zn trafficking due to treatment occured in the jejunum than cecal tonsils, but further studies are needed to ascertain how Zn source regulates intracellular free Zn concentrations and whole-body Zn status during an enteric challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- B He
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - C Bortoluzzi
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - W D King
- Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - D Graugnard
- Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - K A Dawson
- Alltech-University of Kentucky Nutrition Research Alliance, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Aging and Longevity. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121636 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that includes gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes which contributes to a decline in performance and increased susceptibility to diseases. Zn and Se are essential trace elements that play a pivotal role in immune functions and antioxidant defense and, consequently, are claimed to play also a role in successful aging trajectories. Consistently with their nature of essential trace elements, a plethora of data obtained “in vitro” and “in vivo” (in humans and animal models) support the relevance of Zn and Se for both the innate and adoptive immune response. Moreover, Zn and Se are strictly involved in the synthesis and regulation of activity of proteins and enzymes, e.g., metallothioneins (MT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), that are necessary for our endogenous antioxidant response. This is clearly important to protect our cells from oxidative damage and to slow the decline of our immune system with aging. Age-related changes affecting tissue levels of Zn and Se may indicate that the risk of Zn and Se deficiency increases with aging. However, it is still unclear which of these changes can be the consequence of a “real deficiency” and which can be part of our physiological compensatory response to the accumulating damage occurring in aging. Furthermore, the upregulation of antioxidant proteins (Zn and Se dependent) may be a manifestation of self-induced oxidative stress. By the way, Zn and Se dependent proteins are modulated not only by nutritional status, but also by well-known hallmarks of aging that play antagonistic functions, such as the deregulated nutrient sensing pathways and cellular senescence. Thus, it is not an easy task to conduct Zn or Se supplementation in elderly and it is emerging consistent that these kind of supplementation requires an individualized approach. Anyway, there is consistent support that supplementation with Zn using doses around 10 mg/day is generally safe in elderly and may even improve part of immune performances in those subjects with a baseline deficiency. Regarding Se supplementation, it may induce both beneficial and detrimental effects on cellular immunity depending on the form of Se, supplemental dose, and delivery matrix. The nutritional association of supplements based on “Zn plus Se” is hypothesized to provide additional benefits, but this will likely need a more complex individualized approach. The improvement of our knowledge around screening and detection of Zn and Se deficiency in aging could lead to substantial benefits in terms of efficacy of nutritional supplements aimed at ameliorate performance and health in aging.
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Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Chiodi L, Boccoli G, Costarelli L, Bonfigli AR, Galeazzi R, Piacenza F, Basso A, Gasparini N, Nisi L, Testa R, Provinciali M. ZnT8 Arg325Trp polymorphism influences zinc transporter expression and cytokine production in PBMCs from patients with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 144:102-110. [PMID: 30142362 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS ZnT8 Arg325Trp polymorphism has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) susceptibility. The Arg-325 risk variant shows accelerated zinc (Zn) transport kinetic and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells. However, it remains unexplored the role of Znt8 polymorphism in the regulation of Zn homeostasis and inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 556 healthy controls and 413 T2DM patients were genotyped for ZnT8 Arg325Trp polymorphism confirming the association of Arg-325 variant with an increased T2DM risk (OR = 1.35 95% C.I: 1.10-1.66; p = 0.0044). Moreover, PBMCs from Arg/Arg T2DM subjects showed increased intracellular free Zn, higher gene expression of Metallothioneins, Znt1, Znt8, Zip2 genes, and reduced Znt4 and Znt7. Higher release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-12p70 and TNF-α and a reduced IL-10 secretion after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were observed in PBMCs from Arg/Arg T2DM carriers as compared to subjects with the Trp variant. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence of a substantial different Zn homeostasis regulation between Znt8 Arg-325 and Trp-325 carriers in PBMCs from T2DM patients. Moreover, Znt8 Arg-325 risk variant shows an enhanced inflammatory response upon LPS stimulation that might aggravate insulin resistance and the progression of diabetes cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy.
| | - M Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - L Chiodi
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Boccoli
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Costarelli
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - A R Bonfigli
- Scientific Direction, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - A Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - N Gasparini
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - L Nisi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - R Testa
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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9
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Giacconi R, Cai L, Costarelli L, Cardelli M, Malavolta M, Piacenza F, Provinciali M. Implications of impaired zinc homeostasis in diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Biofactors 2017; 43:770-784. [PMID: 28845600 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impaired zinc homeostasis is observed in diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its complications. Zinc has a specific role in pancreatic β-cells via insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion. Intracellular zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled by zinc transporters (ZnT and Zip families) and metallothioneins (MT) which modulate the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc. Several investigations in animal models demonstrate the protective role of MT in DM2 and its cardiovascular or renal complications, while a copious literature shows that a common polymorphism (R325W) in ZnT8, which affects the protein's zinc transport activity, is associated with increased DM2 risk. Emerging studies highlight a role of other zinc transporters in β-cell function, suggesting that targeting them could make a possible contribution in managing the hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. This article summarizes the current findings concerning the role of zinc homeostasis in DM2 pathogenesis and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy and suggests novel therapeutic targets. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(6):770-784, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertina Giacconi
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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10
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Giacconi R, Costarelli L, Piacenza F, Basso A, Bürkle A, Moreno-Villanueva M, Grune T, Weber D, Stuetz W, Gonos ES, Schön C, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Sikora E, Toussaint O, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Franceschi C, Hervonen A, Slagboom E, Ciccarone F, Zampieri M, Caiafa P, Jansen E, Dollé MET, Breusing N, Mocchegiani E, Malavolta M. Zinc-Induced Metallothionein in Centenarian Offspring From a Large European Population: The MARK-AGE Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 73:745-753. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robertina Giacconi
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- CIG-Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Caiafa
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugène Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle Breusing
- Department of Applied Nutritional Science/Dietetics, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translational Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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11
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Main biomarkers associated with age-related plasma zinc decrease and copper/zinc ratio in healthy elderly from ZincAge study. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2457-2466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Rice JM, Zweifach A, Lynes MA. Metallothionein regulates intracellular zinc signaling during CD4(+) T cell activation. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:13. [PMID: 27251638 PMCID: PMC4890327 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ultra-low redox potential and zinc binding properties of the intracellular pool of mammalian metallothioneins (MT) suggest a role for MT in the transduction of redox signals into intracellular zinc signals. Increased expression of MT after exposure to heavy metals, oxidative stress, or inflammatory cytokines leads to an increased intracellular redox-mobilizable zinc pool that can affect downstream zinc-sensitive signaling pathways. CD4(+) T helper cells are poised to be influenced by MT transduced zinc signaling because they produce intracellular reactive oxygen species following activation through the T cell receptor and are sensitive to small changes in intracellular [Zn(2+)]. RESULTS MT expression and intracellular [Zn(2+)] are both increased during primary activation and expansion of naïve CD4(+) T cells into the Tr1 phenotype in vitro. When Tr1 cells from wildtype mice are compared with congenic mice lacking functional Mt1 and Mt2 genes, the expression of intracellular MT is associated with a greater increase in intracellular [Zn(2+)] immediately following exposure to reactive oxygen species or upon restimulation through the T cell receptor. The release of Zn(2+) from MT is associated with a greater increase in p38 MAPK activation following restimulation and decreased p38 MAPK activation in MT knockout Tr1 cells can be rescued by increasing intracellular [Zn(2+)]. Additionally, IL-10 secretion is increased in MT knockout Tr1 cells compared with wildtype controls and this increase is prevented when the intracellular [Zn(2+)] is increased experimentally. CONCLUSIONS Differences in zinc signaling associated with MT expression appear to be a result of preferential oxidation of MT and concomitant release of Zn(2+). Although zinc is released from many proteins following oxidation, release is greater when the cell contains an intracellular pool of MT. By expressing MT in response to certain environmental conditions, CD4(+) T cells are able to more efficiently release intracellular zinc and regulate signaling pathways following stimulation. The link between MT expression and increased zinc signaling following activation represents an important immunomodulatory mechanism of MT and illuminates the complex role MT plays in shaping immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Rice
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3125, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. .,Present address: Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
| | - Adam Zweifach
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3125, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Michael A Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3125, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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13
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Giacconi R, Costarelli L, Malavolta M, Cardelli M, Galeazzi R, Piacenza F, Gasparini N, Basso A, Mariani E, Fulop T, Rink L, Dedoussis G, Herbein G, Jajte J, Provinciali M, Busco F, Mocchegiani E. Effect of ZIP2 Gln/Arg/Leu (rs2234632) polymorphism on zinc homeostasis and inflammatory response following zinc supplementation. Biofactors 2015; 41:414-23. [PMID: 26643924 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc dyshomeostasis may lead to an augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines promoting chronic inflammation and increasing the susceptibility to age-related diseases. Several studies suggest that the zinc transporter protein ZIP2 may play a relevant role in the immune system especially during zinc deficiency, while a polymorphism on the coding region of ZIP2 gene (Gln/Arg/Leu) has been associated with severe carotid artery disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of ZIP2 SNP on zinc and inflammatory status in 1090 elderly healthy free-living subjects enrolled in the ZincAge project and to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on zinc status, inflammatory mediators, and zinc transporter expression depending on ZIP2 genotype. ZIP2 Leu- (Arg43Arg) carriers showed enhanced IL-6, TNF-α, and RANTES plasma levels associated with decreased free cytosolic zinc in PBMCs and an upregulation of zinc transporters ZIP2, ZIP8, and Znt1. Moreover, Leu- subjects displayed significant decrement of inflammatory mediators such as MCP-1, TNF-α, and RANTES following zinc supplementation. In summary, this investigation provides new evidence on the effect of ZIP2 Gln/Arg/Leu polymorphism on proinflammatory mediators and zinc homeostasis in elderly population with a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of zinc supplementation in subjects carrying ZIP2 Leu- (Arg43Arg) genotype. These novel findings could be useful in identifying elderly subjects who may benefit of zinc intervention to decrease the inflammatory status and to prevent or delay the development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertina Giacconi
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Nazzarena Gasparini
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Erminia Mariani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunereumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation EA 4266, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, France
| | - Jolanta Jajte
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Franco Busco
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Translational Research Ctr. of Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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14
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Kambe T, Tsuji T, Hashimoto A, Itsumura N. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:749-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two zinc transporter families, Zn transporters (ZnT) and Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function in zinc mobilization of influx, efflux, and compartmentalization/sequestration across biological membranes. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular properties, expression, regulation, and cellular and physiological roles of ZnT and ZIP transporters, which underpin the multifarious functions of zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning zinc homeostasis due to zinc transporter dysfunction results in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of each ZnT and ZIP transporter from the perspective of zinc physiology and pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues in their structure and zinc transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Cabrera ÁJR. Zinc, aging, and immunosenescence: an overview. PATHOBIOLOGY OF AGING & AGE RELATED DISEASES 2015; 5:25592. [PMID: 25661703 PMCID: PMC4321209 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v5.25592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc plays an essential role in many biochemical pathways and participates in several cell functions, including the immune response. This review describes the role of zinc in human health, aging, and immunosenescence. Zinc deficiency is frequent in the elderly and leads to changes similar to those that occur in oxidative inflammatory aging (oxi-inflamm-aging) and immunosenescence. The possible benefits of zinc supplementation to enhance immune function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Julio Romero Cabrera
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Academic Hospital "Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima", Cienfuegos, Cuba;
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16
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Giacconi R, Simm A, Santos AN, Costarelli L, Malavolta M, Mecocci P, Piacenza F, Basso A, Fulop T, Rink L, Dedoussis G, Kanoni S, Herbein G, Jajte J, Mocchegiani E. Influence of +1245 A/G MT1A polymorphism on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in elderly: effect of zinc supplementation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:426. [PMID: 25149676 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and represent a risk factor for atherosclerosis, while their formation seems to be prevented by zinc. Metallothioneins (MT), zinc-binding proteins exert an antioxidant function by regulating intracellular zinc availability and protecting cells from ROS damages. +1245 A/G MT1A polymorphism was implicated in type 2 diabetes and in cardiovascular disease development as well as in the modulation of antioxidant response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of +1245 A/G MT1A polymorphism on AGEs and ROS production and to verify the effect of zinc supplementation on plasma AGEs, zinc status parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity in relation to this SNP. One hundred and ten healthy subjects (72 ± 6 years) from the ZincAge study were supplied with zinc aspartate (10 mg/day for 7 weeks) and screened for +1245 MT1A polymorphism. +1245 MT1A G+ (Arginine) genotype showed higher plasma AGEs and ROS production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than G- (Lysine) one at the baseline. No significant changes after zinc supplementation were observed for AGEs, ROS and MT levels as well as for enzyme antioxidant activity in relation to the genotype. Among zinc status parameters, major increases were observed for the intracellular labile zinc (iZnL) and the NO-induced release of zinc in PBMCs, in G+ genotype as compared to G- one. In summary, +1245 G+ carriers showed increased plasma AGEs and ROS production in PBMCs at baseline and a higher improvement in iZnL after zinc intervention with respect to G- individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertina Giacconi
- Translation Research Center of Nutrition and Ageing, Italian National Research Centre on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy,
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17
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Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Basso A, Piacenza F, DeMartiis M, Giannandrea E, Renieri C, Busco F, Galeazzi R, Mocchegiani E. Effects of zinc-fortified drinking skim milk (as functional food) on cytokine release and thymic hormone activity in very old persons: a pilot study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9656. [PMID: 24771015 PMCID: PMC4082592 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a relevant nutritional factor for the whole life of an organism because it affects the inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity, leading to a healthy state. Despite its important function, the dietary intake of zinc is inadequate in elderly. Possible interventions include food fortification because it does not require changes in dietary patterns, the cost is low and it can reach a large portion of the elderly population, including very old subjects. Studies evaluating the impact of Zn-fortified foods on functional parameters in elderly, in particular, in very old individuals, are missing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of consumption of a zinc-fortified drinking skim milk (Zn-FMilk) for a period of 2 months in comparison to standard non-fortified milk (No-FMilk) on some biochemical parameters, zinc status, inflammatory/immune response and on a key parameter of the T cell-mediated immunity (thymulin hormone) in healthy very old subjects. The treatment with zinc-fortified milk (Zn-FMilk) is a good omen to increase the cell-mediated immunity in very old age represented by thymulin activity and some cytokine (IL-12p70, IFN-γ) release. At clinical level, a good healthy state occurs in 70 % of the subjects with no hospitalization after 1 year of the follow-up in comparison to very old control subjects that did not participate to crossover design. In conclusion, the Zn-FMilk can be considered a good functional food for elderly, including older people. It might be a good replacement to the zinc tablets or lozenges taking into account the attitude of old people to uptake milk as a preferential food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costarelli
- />Translational Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technologic Pole, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- />Translational Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technologic Pole, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- />Translational Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technologic Pole, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- />Translational Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technologic Pole, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- />Translational Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technologic Pole, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Renieri
- />Veterinary Faculty, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC Italy
| | - Franco Busco
- />Laboratory Analysis, INRCA Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Mocchegiani
- />Translational Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technologic Pole, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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18
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Wex T, Grungreiff K, Schutte K, Stengritt M, Reinhold D. Expression analysis of zinc transporters in resting and stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:217-222. [PMID: 24649099 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular zinc homeostasis is tightly regulated under physiological conditions; however, dysregulation of zinc levels has been reported in various chronic inflammatory and malignant diseases. In this study, we aimed to assess the expression pattern of the 24 currently known zinc transporters in resting and stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells were isolated from healthy probands and subsequently stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) for 3 days. The expression levels of zinc transporters [Zrt/IRT-like protein (ZIP) and cation diffusion facilitator/zinc transporter protein (CDF/ZnT) families] were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the 24 genes encoding for zinc transporters, 19 were found to be ubiquitously expressed in PBMCs. ZIP5 and ZnT10 were not found in all 5 samples, whereas ZIP12, ZnT3 and ZIP2 were expressed in only 1-2 out of 5 PBMC samples. Of note, stimulation by PHA led to an overall downregulation of zinc transporters in the PBMCs of 4 out of the 5 subjects. Notably, the transcript levels of ZIP14 were consistently induced and those of ZIP3 and ZIP4 consistently downregulated in all 5 subjects, whereas the corresponding levels of the remaining 21 genes varied. Data from this study may facilitate a better understanding of the pathophysiological role of deregulated zinc transporters in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wex
- Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Genetics, Otto von Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany ; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Grungreiff
- Practice of Hepatology, Otto von Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schutte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maren Stengritt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto von Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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19
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Significance of metallothioneins in aging brain. Neurochem Int 2014; 65:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Giacconi R, Costarelli L, Malavolta M, Piacenza F, Galeazzi R, Gasparini N, Basso A, Mariani E, Fulop T, Rink L, Dedoussis G, Kanoni S, Herbein G, Jajte J, Busco F, Mocchegiani E. Association among 1267 A/G HSP70-2, −308 G/A TNF-α polymorphisms and pro-inflammatory plasma mediators in old ZincAge population. Biogerontology 2013; 15:65-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Mocchegiani E, Romeo J, Malavolta M, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Diaz LE, Marcos A. Zinc: dietary intake and impact of supplementation on immune function in elderly. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:839-60. [PMID: 22222917 PMCID: PMC3636409 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The diet in the elderly does not provide a sufficient level of nutrients needed to maintain an adequate healthy status leading to micronutrient deficiencies and impaired immune response with subsequent development of degenerative diseases. Nutrient "zinc" is a relevant micronutrient involved in maintaining a good integrity of many body homeostatic mechanisms, including immune efficiency, owing to its requirement for the biological activity of many enzymes, proteins and for cellular proliferation and genomic stability. Old people aged 60-65 years and older have zinc intakes below 50% of the recommended daily allowance on a given day. Many causes can be involved: among them, altered intestinal absorption, inadequate mastication, psychosocial factors, drugs interactions, altered subcellular processes (zinc transporters (Zip and ZnT family), metallothioneins, divalent metal transporter-1). Zinc supplementation may remodel the immune alterations in elderly leading to healthy ageing. Several zinc trials have been carried out with contradictory data, perhaps due to incorrect choice of an effective zinc supplementation in old subjects showing subsequent zinc toxic effects on immunity. Old subjects with specific IL-6 polymorphism (GG allele carriers; named C-) are more prone for zinc supplementation than the entire old population, in whom correct dietary habits with foods containing zinc (Mediterranean diet) may be sufficient in restoring zinc deficiency and impaired immune response. We summarise the main causes of low zinc dietary intake in elderly reporting an update on the impact of zinc supplementation upon the immune response also on the basis of individual IL-6 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Ctr. Nutrition and Ageing, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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22
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Wong CP, Magnusson KR, Ho E. Increased inflammatory response in aged mice is associated with age-related zinc deficiency and zinc transporter dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:353-9. [PMID: 22981370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process associated with physiological changes in numerous organ systems. In particular, aging of the immune system is characterized by progressive dysregulation of immune responses, resulting in increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, impaired vaccination efficacy and systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Increasing evidence suggest that intracellular zinc homeostasis, regulated by zinc transporter expression, is critically involved in the signaling and activation of immune cells. We hypothesize that epigenetic alterations and nutritional deficits associated with aging may lead to zinc transporter dysregulation, resulting in decreases in cellular zinc levels and enhanced inflammation with age. The goal of this study was to examine the contribution of age-related zinc deficiency and zinc transporter dysregulation on the inflammatory response in immune cells. The effects of zinc deficiency and age on the induction of inflammatory responses were determined using an in vitro cell culture system and an aged mouse model. We showed that zinc deficiency, particularly the reduction in intracellular zinc in immune cells, was associated with increased inflammation with age. Furthermore, reduced Zip 6 expression enhanced proinflammatory response, and age-specific Zip 6 dysregulation correlated with an increase in Zip 6 promoter methylation. Furthermore, restoring zinc status via dietary supplementation reduced aged-associated inflammation. Our data suggested that age-related epigenetic dysregulation in zinc transporter expression may influence cellular zinc levels and contribute to increased susceptibility to inflammation with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, OR 97331, USA
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