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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Su G, Yu C, Liang S, Wang W, Wang H. Multi-omics in food safety and authenticity in terms of food components. Food Chem 2024; 437:137943. [PMID: 37948800 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals of food science is to ensure the high quality and safety of food. The inspection technology for known hazards has matured, and the identification of unknown and potential food safety hazards, as well as the identification of their composition and origin, is a challenge faced by food safety. Food safety and authenticity require multi-omics methods to support the implementation of qualitative discrimination to precise quantitative analysis, from targeted screening to non-target detection, and from multi component to full component analysis to address these challenges. The present review aims to provide characterizations, advantages, the latest progress, and prospects of using omics (including genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics) in food safety and authenticity. Multi omics strategies used to detect and verify different standard biomarkers of food will contribute to understanding the basic relationship between raw materials, processing, foods, nutrition, food safety, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR of China
| | - Chong Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuwen Liang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Berdún R, Obis È, Mota-Martorell N, Bassols A, Valent D, Serrano JCE, Martín-Garí M, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Tibau J, Quintanilla R, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M, Jové M. High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Brain Mitochondrial Complex I and Lipoxidation-Derived Protein Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:161. [PMID: 38397759 PMCID: PMC10886272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for highly prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis of whichinvolves mitochondrial dysfunction and protein oxidative damage. Lipoxidation, driven by high levels of peroxidizable unsaturated fatty acids and low antioxidant protection of the brain, stands out as a significant risk factor. To gain information on the relationship between obesity and brain molecular damage, in a porcine model of obesity we evaluated (1) the level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, as the main source of free radical generation, by Western blot; (2) the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography; and (3) the oxidative modification of proteins by mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate a selectively higher amount of the lipoxidation-derived biomarker malondialdehyde-lysine (MDAL) (34% increase) in the frontal cortex, and positive correlations between MDAL and LDL levels and body weight. No changes were observed in brain fatty acid profile by the high-fat diet, and the increased lipid peroxidative modification was associated with increased levels of mitochondrial complex I (NDUFS3 and NDUFA9 subunits) and complex II (flavoprotein). Interestingly, introducing n3 fatty acids and a probiotic in the high-fat diet prevented the observed changes, suggesting that dietary components can modulate protein oxidative modification at the cerebral level and opening new possibilities in neurodegenerative diseases' prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Èlia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniel Valent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (D.V.)
| | - José C. E. Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Meritxell Martín-Garí
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - María Rodríguez-Palmero
- Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.-P.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | | | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Science—Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Monells, 17121 Girona, Spain;
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain;
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (R.B.); (È.O.); (N.M.-M.); (J.C.E.S.); (M.M.-G.); (R.P.)
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Felgendreff P, Lawrence JM, Hosseiniasl SM, Jacobs JF, Amiot BP, Felgendreff L, Minshew A, Sultan A, Ahmadzada B, Rahe MC, Nyberg SL. Clinical characterization of a hypersensitivity mixed bacterial and fungal dermatitis in a translational model of porcine NASH. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1277045. [PMID: 38327680 PMCID: PMC10847572 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1277045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of animal models of chronic liver disease via diet modification is a promising avenue for translational research but can lead to unexpected side effects that impact model adoption. While these side effects are well characterized in rodent models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), limited knowledge of these effects exists for novel porcine models of NASH. To close this gap, the present study investigates the side effects of diet-based NASH induction in pigs, with a systematic analysis of the pathologic mechanisms underlying dermatitis development and evaluation of treatment approaches. Method Twelve pigs (10 large domestic pigs, 2 Goettingen minipigs) were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient, high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce NASH. A retrospective review of each animal's clinical record was performed to identify the side effects of the diet. Following the identification of diet-associated dermatitis, severity was judged by using a novel gradation system that characterized the individual lesions and body regions resulting in a cumulative evaluation. In addition to this clinical assessment, the etiology of the dermatitis was investigated via histopathologic and microbiologic testing. Furthermore, the success of prophylactic and therapeutic treatment approaches was evaluated by considering dermatitis development and clinical course. Results All study animals demonstrated unexpected side effects of the methionine- and choline-deficient, high fat diet. In addition to marked dermatitis, study pigs showed impaired weight gain and developed steatorrhea and anemia. Based on the skin gradation system, five animals developed severe dermatitis, four animals moderate dermatitis, and three animals mild diet-associated dermatitis. Histological and microbiological evaluation of the affected skin showed signs of a hypersensitivity reaction with secondary infection by bacteria and fungi. The analysis showed that preemptive bathing extended the lesion-free duration by nearly 20 days. Furthermore, bathing in combination with a targeted antibiotic treatment represented a helpful treatment approach for diet-associated dermatitis. Conclusion The provision of a methionine- and choline-deficient, high fat diet represents an effective approach for inducing NASH liver disease in pigs but predisposes study animals to multiple side effects. These side effects are universal to animals on study but can be adequately managed and do not represent a significant limitation of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Felgendreff
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Julie F. Jacobs
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bruce P. Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lisa Felgendreff
- Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Anna Minshew
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmer Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Michael C. Rahe
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Huguet G, Puig-Parnau I, Serrano JCE, Martin-Gari M, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Tibau J, Kádár E. Hippocampal neurogenesis and Arc expression are enhanced in high-fat fed prepubertal female pigs by a diet including omega-3 fatty acids and Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2463-2473. [PMID: 37148357 PMCID: PMC10421764 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity during childhood has become a pandemic disease, mainly caused by a diet rich in sugars and fatty acids. Among other negative effects, these diets can induce cognitive impairment and reduce neuroplasticity. It is well known that omega-3 and probiotics have a beneficial impact on health and cognition, and we have hypothesized that a diet enriched with Bifidobacterium breve and omega-3 could potentiate neuroplasticity in prepubertal pigs on a high-fat diet. METHODS Young female piglets were fed during 10 weeks with: standard diet (T1), high-fat (HF) diet (T2), HF diet including B. breve CECT8242 (T3) and HF diet including the probiotic and omega-3 fatty acids (T4). Using hippocampal sections, we analyzed by immunocytochemistry the levels of doublecortin (DCX) to study neurogenesis, and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) as a synaptic plasticity related protein. RESULTS No effect of T2 or T3 was observed, whereas T4 increased both DCX+ cells and Arc expression. Therefore, a diet enriched with supplements of B. breve and omega-3 increases neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in prepubertal females on a HF diet from nine weeks of age to sexual maturity. Furthermore, the analysis of serum cholesterol and HDL indicate that neurogenesis was related to lipidic demand in piglets fed with control or HF diets, but the neurogenic effect induced by the T4 diet was exerted by mechanisms independent of this lipidic demand. CONCLUSION Our results show that the T4 dietary treatment is effective in potentiating neural plasticity in the dorsal hippocampus of prepubertal females on a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Huguet
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Jose C. E. Serrano
- IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Avda Rovira Roure 80, 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Science-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA-Monells, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Elisabet Kádár
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Xu J, Zhang K, Qiu B, Liu J, Liu X, Yang S, Xiao X. Decreased Hyocholic Acid and Lysophosphatidylcholine Induce Elevated Blood Glucose in a Transgenic Porcine Model of Metabolic Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12. [PMID: 36557202 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This work aims to investigate the metabolomic changes in PIGinH11 pigs and investigate differential compounds as potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases. (2) Methods: PIGinH11 pigs were established with a CRISPR/Cas9 system. PNPLA3I148M, hIAPP, and GIPRdn were knocked in the H11 locus of the pig genome. The differential metabolites between and within groups were compared at baseline and two months after high-fat-high-sucrose diet induction. (3) Results: 72.02% of the 815 detected metabolites were affected by the transgenic effect. Significantly increased metabolites included isoleucine, tyrosine, methionine, oxoglutaric acid, acylcarnitine, glucose, sphinganines, ceramides, and phosphatidylserines, while fatty acids and conjugates, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins were decreased. Lower expression of GPAT3 and higher expression of PNPLA3I148M decreased the synthesis of diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholines. Accumulated ceramides that block Akt signaling and decrease hyocholic acid and lysophosphatidylcholines might be the main reason for increased blood glucose in PIGinH11 pigs, which was consistent with metabolomic changes in patients. (4) Conclusions: Through serum metabolomics and lipidomics studies, significant changes in obesity and diabetes-related biomarkers were detected in PIGinH11 pigs. Excessive fatty acids β-oxidation interfered with glucose and amino acids catabolism and reduced phosphatidylcholines. Decreased hyocholic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, and increased ceramides exacerbated insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose. Phosphatidylserines were also increased, which might promote chronic inflammation by activating macrophages.
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Abstract
This review aims to describe and compare porcine models of metabolic syndrome. This syndrome and its associated secondary comorbidities are set to become the greatest challenge to healthcare providers and policy makers in the coming century. However, an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis has left significant knowledge gaps in terms of efficacious therapeutics. To further our comprehension and, in turn, management of metabolic syndrome, appropriate high-fidelity models of the disease complex are of great importance. In this context, our review aims to assess the most promising porcine models of metabolic syndrome currently available for their similarity to the human phenotype. In addition, we aim to highlight the strengths and shortcomings of each model in an attempt to identify the most appropriate application of each. Although no porcine model perfectly recapitulates the human metabolic syndrome, several pose satisfactory approximations. The Ossabaw miniature swine in particular represents a highly translatable model that develops each of the core parameters of the syndrome with many of the associated secondary comorbidities. Future high-fidelity porcine models of metabolic syndrome need to focus on secondary sequelae replication, which may require extended induction period to reveal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston L Cluzel
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul M Ryan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence M Herisson
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Liu JH, Chen N, Guo YH, Guan XN, Wang J, Wang D, Xiu MH. Metabolomics-based understanding of the olanzapine-induced weight gain in female first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:409-415. [PMID: 34144444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia (SZ) have greater rate of metabolic disorder as compared with the control population, which likely be the consequence of use of atypical antipsychotics. Olanzapine is a widely used antipsychotic, which increases the weight of SZ patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we report the metabolomics-based understanding of the weight gain induced by olanzapine. 57 first-episode drug-naïve patients (FEDN) were recruited, of whom 27 patients completed a 4-week clinical trial. We then profiled the metabolomes of their plasma with the LC-MS-based nontargeted metabolomics approach at the baseline and after olanzapine monotherapy for 4 weeks. We observed that the plasma of the olanzapine-treated patient had significantly higher lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) and lower carnitine as compared with that of the baseline plasma samples. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that the change of LysoPC(14:0) level was an independent contributor to the olanzapine-induced weight gain. Our study suggests that the metabolomics-based approach may facilitate the identification of biomarkers associated with the metabolic disorder causing by antipsychotic in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hong Liu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Hong Guo
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Ni Guan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mei Hong Xiu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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