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Poker BDC, Oliveira VDC, Macedo AP, Gonçalves M, Ramos AP, Silva-Lovato CH. Evaluation of surface roughness, wettability and adhesion of multispecies biofilm on 3D-printed resins for the base and teeth of complete dentures. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20230326. [PMID: 38656049 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the surface roughness, wettability and adhesion of multispecies biofilms (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) on 3D-printed resins for complete denture bases and teeth compared to conventional resins (heat-polymerized acrylic resin; artificial pre-fabricated teeth). METHODOLOGY Circular specimens (n=39; 6.0 mm Ø × 2.0 mm) of each group were subjected to roughness (n=30), wettability (n=30) and biofilm adhesion (n=9) tests. Three roughness measurements were taken by laser confocal microscopy and a mean value was calculated. Wettability was evaluated by the contact angle of sessile drop method, considering the mean of the three evaluations per specimen. In parallel, microorganism adhesion to resin surfaces was evaluated using a multispecies biofilm model. Microbial load was evaluated by determining the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were subjected to the Wald test in a generalized linear model with multiple comparisons and Bonferroni adjustment, as well as two-way ANOVA (α=5%). RESULTS The roughness of the conventional base resin (0.01±0.04) was lower than that of the conventional tooth (0.14±0.04) (p=0.023) and 3D-printed base (0.18±0.08) (p<0.001). For wettability, conventional resin (84.20±5.57) showed a higher contact angle than the 3D-printed resin (60.58±6.18) (p<0.001). Higher microbial loads of S. mutans (p=0.023) and S. aureus (p=0.010) were observed on the surface of the conventional resin (S. mutans: 5.48±1.55; S. aureus: 7.01±0.57) compared to the 3D-printed resin (S. mutans: 4.11±1.96; S. aureus: 6.42±0.78). The adhesion of C. albicans was not affected by surface characteristics. The conventional base resin showed less roughness than the conventional dental resin and the printed base resin. CONCLUSION The 3D-printed resins for base and tooth showed less hydrophobicity and less adhesion of S. mutans and S. aureus than conventional resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Camargo Poker
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Mariane Gonçalves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Tanaka A, Kawaguchi T, Ito A, Isshi K, Hamanaka I, Tsuzuki T. Shear bond strength of ultraviolet-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials: Effects of post-polymerization, surface treatments, and thermocycling. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_23_00321. [PMID: 38644230 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of ultraviolet (UV)-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials, both with and without post-polymerization. Moreover, the effects of surface treatment and thermocycling on shear bond strength after post-polymerization were investigated. METHODS Cylindrical 3D-printed denture bases and teeth specimens were prepared. The specimens are subjected to two tests. For Test 1, the specimens were bonded without any surface treatment or thermal stress for comparison with and without post-polymerization. In Test 2, specimens underwent five surface treatments: untreated (CON), ethyl acetate (EA), airborne particle abrasion (APA) with 50 μm (50-APA) and 110 μm alumina (110-APA), and tribochemical silica coating (TSC). A UV-polymerized resin was used for bonding. Half of the Test 2 specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles. Shear bond strength was measured and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests (n = 8). RESULTS In Test 1, post-polymerization significantly reduced shear bond strength of both 3D-printed denture materials (P < 0.05). No notable difference was observed between the denture teeth and the bases (P > 0.05). In Test 2, before thermocycling, the CON and EA groups exhibited low bond strengths, while the 50-APA, 110-APA, and TSC groups exhibited higher bond strengths. Thermocycling did not reduce bond strength in the latter groups, but significantly reduced bond strength in the EA group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Post-polymerization can significantly reduce the shear bond strength of 3D-printed denture materials. Surface treatments, particularly APA and TSC, maintained bond strength even after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Tanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kota Isshi
- Central Dental Laboratory, Fukuoka Dental College Medical & Dental Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ippei Hamanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuzuki
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Oday R, Abid M, Dziedzic A. The accuracy and retention of presurgical infant orthopaedics constructed from different polymer materials: A comparative study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:379-389. [PMID: 38370166 PMCID: PMC10874750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This laboratory-based study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy and retention of moulding plates when used as pre-surgical orthopaedic appliances (PSIOs) for infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Methods Ten moulding plates were fabricated from three different materials (total sample size: 30), including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a hard clear aligner (PET-G polymer), and a dual-layered hard and soft clear aligner (mixed PET-G/EVA) on ten three-dimensional (3D) printed working models. Accuracy was evaluated by measuring the virtual gap between the data acquired from the moulding plate and the working model after the optical scanning at each of the designated 36 points for each plate. Exocad software was used to facilitate all virtual alignments and measurements. Retention was measured using a digital gauge that quantified the traction force required to separate the plates from the retention test cast (a soft resin printed cast). Results PET-G plates exhibited the best fit with the working cast, with overall adaptations of 0.146 ± 0.012 for PET-G, 0.250 ± 0.073 for PET-G/EVA, and 0.294 ± 0.113 for PMMA. For region-specific misfit, PET-G plates exhibited superior accuracy across all regions, with mean discrepancies of 0.16 ± 0.08 mm, 0.15 ± 0.061 mm, and 0.12 ± 0.128 mm in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions, respectively. Retention for PET-G was significantly higher than the other materials, with a mean of 3.34 N ± 0.487, as opposed to 1.65 N ± 0.331for PMMA and 1.27 N ± 0.239 for PET-G/EVA (P < 0.05). Conclusions Moulding plates constructed from PET-G exhibited a better fit and higher retention than those made from PET-G/EVA and PMMA. Clinical significance Collectively, our findings suggest that the selection of PET-G for PSIO appliances could have clinical significance by potentially improving treatment outcomes in infants with CL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Oday
- Department of Orthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, 01110, Iraq
| | - Mushriq Abid
- Department of Orthodontic, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, 01110, Iraq
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Patel M, Barrera L, Chu L, Whang K. Development of an antimicrobial, 3D printable denture base material with K18 quaternary ammonium silane-functionalized methyl methacrylate and filler. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00207-5. [PMID: 38523046 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture base materials are highly susceptible to microbial colonization, which can lead to denture stomatitis. In addition, patients who sleep with their dentures have an increased chance of contracting pneumonia. Commercially available antimicrobial denture base materials to prevent or combat microbial colonization are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of K18 quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silane-functionalized filler (K18-Filler) and methyl methacrylate (K18-MMA) on the polymerization of 3D printed denture base material and its esthetic, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS K18-Filler (0%, 10%, 20% w/w) and K18-MMA (0%, 5%, 12.5% w/w) were added to a 3D printable denture base resin (Denture Base Resin, Original Pink; Formlabs Inc.) and 3D printed. Specimens were tested by using the Rockwell15T hardness, near infrared FTIR monomer-to-polymer degree of conversion (DoC), transparency parameter (TP), color shift, and 3-point bend and by counting colony forming units against Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans tests. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer HSD post hoc test. RESULTS Control resins had significantly higher Rockwell15T hardness than most of the K18 groups (P<.05) but had comparable DoC with all K18 groups except one, showing that all groups were well polymerized. Controls had significantly higher TP than most K18 groups, but most K18 groups had ΔE<3.3, so the color shift was not noticeable. However, the 12.5% K18-MMA with 10% and 20% K18-Filler groups, which were also the groups used to test for antimicrobial activity, had ΔE>8. All K18 groups had comparable or greater moduli than the controls, but the controls had significantly higher ultimate transverse strengths than most K18 groups (P<.05). All 12.5% K18-MMA with K18-Filler groups had significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. sanguinis, and C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS 12.5% K18-MMA and K18-Filler produced 3D printable denture materials with comparable polymerization properties and significant antimicrobial properties against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and C. albicans. High K18-MMA and K18-Filler concentrations caused significant color shifts and reductions in ultimate strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Patel
- Undergraduate student and Researcher, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Leslie Barrera
- Research Associate, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lianrui Chu
- Adjunct Faculty Member, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kyumin Whang
- Professor, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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Temizci T, Bozoğulları HN. Effect of thermal cycling on the flexural strength of 3-D printed, CAD/CAM milled and heat-polymerized denture base materials. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:357. [PMID: 38509542 PMCID: PMC10953149 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared the impact of thermal cycling on the flexural strength of denture-base materials produced through conventional and digital methods, using both subtractive and additive approaches. METHODS In total, 60 rectangular specimens were fabricated with specific dimensions for flexural strength tests. The dimensions were set according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guideline 20795-1:2013 as 64 × 10 × 3.3 ± 0.2 mm. Specimens from each material group were divided into two subgroups (thermal cycled or nonthermal cycled, n = 10/group). We used distinct methods to produce three different denture-base materials: Ivobase (IB), which is a computer-aided-design/computer-aided-manufacturing-type milled pre-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin disc; Formlabs (FL), a 3D-printed denture-base resin; and Meliodent (MD), a conventional heat-polymerized acrylic. Flexural strength tests were performed on half of the samples without a thermal-cycle procedure, and the other half were tested after a thermal cycle. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Based on the results of flexural-strength testing, the ranking was as follows: FL > IB > MD. The effect of thermal aging was statistically significant for the FL and IB bases, but not for the MD base. CONCLUSIONS Digitally produced denture bases exhibited superior flexural strength compared with conventionally manufactured bases. Although thermal cycling reduced flexural strength in all groups, the decrease was not statistically significant in the heat-polymerized acrylic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Temizci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Nalan Bozoğulları
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Park GT, Ko KH, Huh YH, Park CJ, Cho LR. Flexural strength and translucency of barium-silicate-filled resin nanoceramics for additive manufacturing. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:445-452. [PMID: 37671774 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the flexural strength (FS) and translucency parameter (TP) of resin nanoceramics (RNCs) with barium silicate for additive manufacturing. MATERIALS AND METHODS An RNC slurry was prepared by mixing a barium silicate filler and resin monomer. For the FS tests, specimens with three filler contents (0, 50, and 63 wt%) were designed according to ISO6872 for dental ceramics and ISO10477 for dental polymers. These specimens were then formed into discs with thicknesses of 1 and 2 mm for TP measurement. RESULTS In the specimens prepared according to ISO6872, the FS increased significantly depending on the filler content. However, in the case of ISO10477, there was no significant difference between the FSs of the specimens with 0 and 50 wt% filler contents. The increase in thickness affected translucency, and the lowest translucency was obtained at a filler content of 63 wt%. The filler distribution was dense in the specimen with 63 wt% filler and uniform but relatively sparse in the specimen with 50 wt% filler. More voids were observed in the specimen with 63 wt% filler. The thickness and filler content of the specimen affected its TP. The TP of the specimen with 63 wt% filler was similar to that of human enamel. CONCLUSION The FS was significantly higher at a filler content of 63 wt%. The lowest translucency was obtained at a filler content of 63 wt% for all tested thicknesses. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increasing the filler content was advantageous for the mechanical properties of the RNCs. A high filler content led to low translucency in the RNCs. Therefore, the esthetics of human teeth can be reproduced if layering according to the filler content is performed in areas where esthetic characteristics are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Taek Park
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Ko
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyuk Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Ra Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Mohamed PA, Fahmy AE, El Shabrawy SM. Three-dimensionally printed denture base resins modified by nanoglass particles and carbon nanotubes. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:797.e1-797.e9. [PMID: 37684140 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensionally (3D) printed denture base resins exhibit inferior mechanical properties compared with conventional and milled ones, a problem affecting their long-term clinical use. Improved 3D printed resins are required. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether a 3D printed denture base resin with nanoglass particles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) would exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS The nanoglass particles and MWCNTs were silane coated and added to the resin to obtain the following groups: Control, resin modified with nanoglass particles with 2 percentages, 0.25 wt%, and 0.5 wt%; resin modified with MWCNTs with 2 percentages, 0.25 wt%, and 0.5 wt%; and a combination group with 0.25 wt% of each filler type. The printed specimens (N=330) were tested before and after thermocycling (600 cycles) for flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (n=22) by using a universal testing machine and for impact strength (IS) (n=22) by using a Charpy impact tester. The fractured impact specimens were then evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness (Ra) (n=11) was assessed by using a profilometer. For data analysis, the 2-way ANOVA test was used for the analysis of FS, elastic modulus, and IS, and the 3-way ANOVA test was used for Ra with a subsequent Tukey post hoc test. Percentage change was compared among groups by using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn post hoc test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS The filler content and thermocycling revealed a significant main interaction effect (P<.001) on FS, elastic modulus, and IS, with the 0.5% nanoglass group displaying the highest percentage decrease after thermocycling. The SEM images of fractured impact specimens revealed a brittle failure in the control and nanoglass groups. In contrast, the groups containing MWCNTs and the combination group displayed intermediate to ductile failure. Moreover, a significant inclusive interaction effect (P<.001) was found between the filler content, thermocycling, and polishing on surface roughness, with the 0.5% nanoglass group revealing the highest percentage increase in Ra of the polished surface after aging. CONCLUSIONS The addition of nanoglass and MWCNTs led to a significant improvement in the FS, elastic modulus, and IS of the 3D printed resin. The combination group displayed the least percentage change among all groups regarding the FS and IS, displaying intermediate to ductile failure. The control revealed the least percentage change in elastic modulus after thermocycling but with lower peak values compared with all other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pansai A Mohamed
- Instructor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amal E Fahmy
- Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sonia M El Shabrawy
- Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Dib Zakkour S, Dib Zakkour J, Guadilla Y, Montero J, Dib A. Comparative Evaluation of the Digital Workflow and Conventional Method in Manufacturing Complete Removal Prostheses. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6955. [PMID: 37959552 PMCID: PMC10650844 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The aging population in developed countries has increased the number of edentulous patients and, therefore, the need for prosthetic rehabilitation to improve their quality of life. Complete dentures are the main treatment option in these cases. The use of CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) in dentistry has improved clinical protocols and outcomes, achieving a reduction in work time and economic costs for the patients. The main objective of this review was to compare the characteristics of conventional and digital dentures, attempting to determine whether the use of new technologies represents an improvement in the properties of removable complete dentures. A bibliographic review was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scielo, and Embase databases. With the initial search, 157 articles were obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 64 publications were selected for this bibliographic review. The different conclusions of the studies consulted were compared regarding fit and retention, fracture resistance, surface roughness, biocompatibility, and aesthetics, taking into account the different methods of prostheses fabrication. In general, digital prostheses have shown better mechanical properties and, consequently, better biocompatibility and aesthetics than conventional prostheses. However, the obtained results were very heterogeneous, preventing a supported conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasmina Guadilla
- Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (Y.G.); (J.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Javier Montero
- Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (Y.G.); (J.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Abraham Dib
- Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (Y.G.); (J.M.); (A.D.)
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Nunes TSBS, Silva MDDD, Coelho SRG, Viotto HEDC, Pero AC. Effectiveness of disinfectant solutions associated or not with brushing on the biofilm control of a 3D printed-denture base resin. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230104. [PMID: 37466551 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of biofilm on denture bases is a recurrent clinical problem that favors the development of denture stomatitis. The effectiveness of a hygiene protocol in a 3D-printed denture base resin is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE To evaluate of the effectiveness of immersion, associated or not with brushing in a soap solution, on the biofilm control of a 3D-printed denture base resin. METHODOLOGY Specimens of denture base resins [Cosmos Denture (COS) and Classico (CLA/control)] were contaminated in vitro with Candida albicans and immersed in sodium hypochlorite 0.25% (SH, alkaline peroxide) AP, chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (CD or PBS-Control), associated or not with brushing with 0.78% Lifebuoy soap. Roughness was evaluated before and after brushing and immersion. The effectiveness of the protocols was assessed by CFU/mL, cellular metabolism (XTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Data were analyzed by T student, ANOVA/Welch, and Tukey/Gomes-Howell pos-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS CLA showed greater roughness than COS. CFU/mL and XTT were higher in COS resin with a higher hyphae formation. Immersion in SH and CD eliminated CFU/mL and reduced XTT for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP reduced CFU/mL only when associated with brushing. CONCLUSIONS The biofilm on the 3D-printed resin was thicker and presumably more pathogenic, regardless of its smoother surface. Immersions in SH 0.25% and CD 2% are effective hygiene protocols for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP should be recommended when associated with brushing with a Lifebuoy 0.78% solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Soares Bezerra Santos Nunes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcela Dantas Dias da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sabrina Romão Gonçalves Coelho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hamile Emanuella do Carmo Viotto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Pero
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Dentários e Prótese, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Charoenphol K, Peampring C. Fit Accuracy of Complete Denture Base Fabricated by CAD/CAM Milling and 3D-Printing Methods. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:889-894. [PMID: 36513334 PMCID: PMC10569868 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Digital complete denture fabrication can be accomplished by either milling or three-dimensional (3D)-printing approach in which minimal distortion during processing contributes to effective denture base adaption, which leads to good denture retention. The purpose of this study was to compare the fit accuracy of milled and 3D-printed complete denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reference edentulous maxillary arch model was scanned to generate virtual denture bases using computer-aided manufacturing software that exports as standard tessellation language files. Denture bases were constructed using a milling and 3D-printing technique using digital light processing method (n = 10). Intaglio surfaces of denture bases were scanned and superimposed on the reference model. The fit accuracy was quantified as root mean square error and evaluated statistically using independent t-test comparisons with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Milled denture bases were significantly more accurate in adaptation than 3D-printed dentures in the overall intaglio area and primary bearing area of denture bases. 3D-printed denture bases demonstrated significantly greater accuracy in adaptation than milled denture bases in the peripheral/posterior palatal seal area. CONCLUSION Milled denture bases fit better in the overall and primary stress-bearing areas than 3D-printed dentures, while 3D-printed dentures appeared more accurate in the peripheral seal area, which had a minor undercut that is not suitable for using milling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyakorn Charoenphol
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chaimongkon Peampring
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Zol SM, Alauddin MS, Said Z, Mohd Ghazali MI, Hao-Ern L, Mohd Farid DA, Zahari NAH, Al-Khadim AHA, Abdul Aziz AH. Description of Poly(aryl-ether-ketone) Materials (PAEKs), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) for Application as a Dental Material: A Materials Science Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092170. [PMID: 37177316 PMCID: PMC10180673 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(aryl-ether-ketone) materials (PAEKs), a class of high-performance polymers comprised of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), have attracted interest in standard dental procedures due to their inherent characteristics in terms of mechanical and biological properties. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a restorative dental material widely used for prosthetic frameworks due to its superior physical, mechanical, aesthetic, and handling features. Meanwhile, polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic embraced in the additive manufacturing market. In the present review study, a new way to fabricate high-performance polymers, particularly PEEK and PEKK, is demonstrated using additive manufacturing digital dental technology, or 3-dimensional (3D) printing. The focus in this literature review will encompass an investigation of the chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of HPPs, particularly PEEK and PEKK, along with their application particularly in dentistry. High-performance polymers have gained popularity in denture prosthesis in advance dentistry due to their flexibility in terms of manufacturing and the growing interest in utilizing additive manufacturing in denture fabrication. Further, this review also explores the literature regarding the properties of high-performance polymers (HPP) compared to previous reported polymers in terms of the dental material along with the current advancement of the digital designing and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syazwani Mohamad Zol
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
| | - Zulfahmi Said
- Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Lee Hao-Ern
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Aws Hashim Ali Al-Khadim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
| | - Azrul Hafiz Abdul Aziz
- Department of Paediatrics Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Yu H, Li K, Zhang Y, Gao B, Wu J. Digital fabrication of complete dentures using a combination of additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16168. [PMID: 37223707 PMCID: PMC10200848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of complete dentures in the traditional way is a labor-intensive and time-consuming method. This article reports a series of novel digital methods for impression making, design and fabrication processes for complete dentures. It is highly anticipated that this novel method could improve the efficiency and accuracy of the design and fabrication of complete dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Stomatology, No.986 Air Force Hospital, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Tiozzo-Lyon P, Andrade M, Leiva-Sabadini C, Morales J, Olivares A, Ravasio A, Aguayo S. Microfabrication approaches for oral research and clinical dentistry. Front Dent Med 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1120394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a variety of laboratory tools and strategies that have been developed to investigate in-vivo processes using in-vitro models. Amongst these, microfabrication represents a disruptive technology that is currently enabling next-generation biomedical research through the development of complex laboratory approaches (e.g., microfluidics), engineering of micrometer scale sensors and actuators (micropillars for traction force microscopy), and the creation of environments mimicking cell, tissue, and organ-specific contexts. Although microfabrication has been around for some time, its application in dental and oral research is still incipient. Nevertheless, in recent years multiple lines of research have emerged that use microfabrication-based approaches for the study of oral diseases and conditions with micro- and nano-scale sensitivities. Furthermore, many investigations are aiming to develop clinically relevant microfabrication-based applications for diagnostics, screening, and oral biomaterial manufacturing. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the current application of microfabrication techniques in oral sciences, both in research and clinics, and to discuss possible future applications of these technologies for in-vitro studies and practical patient care. Initially, this review provides an overview of the most employed microfabrication methods utilized in biomedicine and dentistry. Subsequently, the use of micro- and nano-fabrication approaches in relevant fields of dental research such as endodontic and periodontal regeneration, biomaterials research, dental implantology, oral pathology, and biofilms was discussed. Finally, the current and future uses of microfabrication technology for clinical dentistry and how these approaches may soon be widely available in clinics for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of relevant pathologies are presented.
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Alalawi H, Al-Qarni FD, Gad MM. Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of 3D-printed denture teeth. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:365-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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Tosun ON, Bilmenoglu C, Özdemir AK. Comparison of denture base adaptation between additive and conventional fabrication techniques. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:e64-e70. [PMID: 36495146 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study compared the adaptation of denture bases fabricated by injection molding (IM), compression molding (CM), liquid crystal display (LCD), and digital light processing (DLP) techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS A definitive maxillary cast was duplicated using a silicone mold to create 40 gypsum casts that were laser scanned before any fabrication procedures were initiated. For the DLP and LCD groups, 20 denture bases (10 in each group) were virtually designed and manufactured referring to the digitalized data. For the CM and IM groups, 20 denture bases (10 in each group) were molded using gypsum models. A total of 40 gypsum models and their corresponding denture bases were scanned. The scanned intaglio surface of each denture base was superimposed on the scanned reference cast to compare the degree of tissue surface adaptation. The three-dimensional surface deviations of the total intaglio surface, denture border apex, palatal vault, and crest of the ridge were evaluated on the basis of the best fit algorithm technique using inspection software. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (α = 0.05). RESULTS According to the superimposing results, for the total intaglio surface, the lowest deviation was present on the injection-molded group and the highest deviation occurred on the LCD group. For the palatal vault, the lowest deviation was present on the DLP group and the highest deviation occurred in the compression molded group. For the crest of the ridge, the lowest deviation was present in the injection-molded group and the highest deviation occurred in the LCD group. For the denture border apex, the lowest deviation was present in the DLP group and the highest deviation occurred in the LCD group. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary denture bases fabricated using DLP and IM techniques showed higher surface adaptation than the bases fabricated using LCD and CM techniques. Among the conventional techniques, higher compatible dentures can be produced with IM; among the additive techniques, higher compatible dentures can be produced with DLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Nuri Tosun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Caglar Bilmenoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Özdemir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Ciocca L, Maltauro M, Cimini V, Breschi L, Montanari A, Anderlucci L, Meneghello R. Analysis of the trueness and precision of complete denture bases manufactured using digital and analog technologies. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:22-32. [PMID: 36908755 PMCID: PMC9992699 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Digital technology has enabled improvements in the fitting accuracy of denture bases via milling techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trueness and precision of digital and analog techniques for manufacturing complete dentures (CDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty identical CDs were manufactured using different production protocols. Digital and analog technologies were compared using the reference geometric approach, and the Δ-error values of eight areas of interest (AOI) were calculated. For each AOI, a precise number of measurement points was selected according to sensitivity analyses to compare the Δ-error of trueness and precision between the original model and manufactured prosthesis. Three types of statistical analysis were performed: to calculate the intergroup cumulative difference among the three protocols, the intergroup among the AOIs, and the intragroup difference among AOIs. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the dentures made using the oversize process and injection molding process (P < .001), but no significant difference between the other two manufacturing methods (P = .1227). There was also a statistically significant difference between the dentures made using the monolithic process and the other two processes for all AOIs (P = .0061), but there was no significant difference between the other two processes (P = 1). Within each group, significant differences among the AOIs were observed. CONCLUSION The monolithic process yielded better results, in terms of accuracy (trueness and precision), than the other groups, although all three processes led to dentures with Δ-error values well within the clinical tolerance limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ciocca
- Oral and Maxillo-Facial Prosthodontics, Section of Prosthodontics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Maltauro
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Valerio Cimini
- Oral and Maxillo-Facial Prosthodontics, Section of Prosthodontics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Oral and Maxillo-Facial Prosthodontics, Section of Prosthodontics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Montanari
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Anderlucci
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Meneghello
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy
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Viotto HEDC, Silva MDD, Nunes TSBS, Coelho SRG, Pero AC. Effect of repair methods and materials on the flexural strength of 3D-printed denture base resin. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:305-314. [PMID: 36452364 PMCID: PMC9672696 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.5.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of a 3D-printed denture base resin (Cosmos Denture), after different immediate repair techniques with surface treatments and thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rectangular 3D-printed denture base resin (Cosmos Denture) specimens (N = 130) were thermocycled (5,000 cycles, 5℃ and 55℃) before and after the different repair techniques (n = 10 per group) using an autopolymerized acrylic resin (Jet, J) or a hard relining resin (Soft Confort, SC), and different surface treatments: Jet resin monomer for 180 s (MMA), blasting with aluminum oxide (JAT) or erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (L). The control group were intact specimens. A three-point flexural strength test was performed, and data (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc test (α = 0.05). Each failure was observed and classified through stereomicroscope images and the surface treatments were viewed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Control group showed the highest mean of flexural strength, statistically different from the other groups (P < .001), followed by MMA+J group. The groups with L treatment were statistically similar to the MMA groups (P > .05). The JAT+J group was better than the SC and JAT+SC groups (P < .05), but similar to the other groups (P > .05). Adhesive failures were most observed in JAT groups, especially when repaired with SC. The SEM images showed surface changes for all treatments, except JAT alone. CONCLUSION Denture bases fabricated with 3D-printed resin should be preferably repaired with MMA+J. SC and JAT+SC showed the worst results. Blasting impaired the adhesion of the SC resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamile Emanuella do Carmo Viotto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Dantas Dias Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Soares Bezerra Santos Nunes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Romão Gonçalves Coelho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pero
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. Assessing the physical and mechanical properties of 3D printed acrylic material for denture base application. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1841-1854. [PMID: 36195470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly being utilised in the dental field because of its time-saving potential and cost effectiveness. It enables dental practitioners to eliminate several fabrication steps, achieve higher precision, and attain consistency in complex prosthetic models. The properties of 3D-printed resin materials can be affected by many factors, including the printing orientation (PO) and insufficient post-curing time (CT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of PO and CT on the mechanical and physical properties of a 3D-printed denture base resin (NextDent). METHODS 3D-printed specimens were fabricated in 0°, 45°, and 90° POs, followed by three CTs (20, 30, and 50 min). The microhardness was tested using a Vickers hardness test, while the flexural property was evaluated using a three-point bending test. Sorption and solubility were measured after the specimens had been stored in an artificial saliva for 42 days, and the degree of conversion during polymerisation was analysed using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. RESULTS The flexural strength of the material significantly increased (p < 0.05) when the printing orientation was changed from 0° to 90°. A similar increase was observed in the hardness, degree of conversion, and water sorption results. In general, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in any of the tested properties was found when the post-curing times were increased from 20 to 50 min. SIGNIFICANCE The highest physical and mechanical properties of the 3D-printed denture base resin can be obtained by printing vertically (90° angle to the platform base). The minimal post-curing time to achieve ideal results is 30 min, as further curing will have no significant effect on the properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Valenti C, Isabella Federici M, Masciotti F, Marinucci L, Xhimitiku I, Cianetti S, Pagano S. Mechanical properties of 3D-printed prosthetic materials compared with milled and conventional processing: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00415-2. [PMID: 35934576 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional (3D) additive manufacturing (AM) is an evolving technology in dentistry, proposed as an alternative to subtractive milling manufacture (MM) or conventional processing. However, a systematic review of the use of AM technology instead of milling or conventional processing is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed prosthetic materials compared with MM and conventional techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search of the literature was conducted on the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were in vitro studies published in the last 5 years, in English or Italian, and with 3D AM printed dental prosthetic materials. Data extraction was focused on dental prosthetic materials (ceramics, polymers, and metals) and their mechanical properties: flexural strength, fracture load, hardness, roughness, removable partial denture (RPD) fit accuracy, trueness, marginal discrepancy, and internal fit. Data considered homogenous were subjected to meta-analysis using the Stata17 statistical software program (95% confidence interval [CI]; α=.05). Since all variables were continuous, the Hedge g measure was calculated. A fixed-effects model was used for I2=0%, while the statistical analysis was conducted using a random-effects model with I2>0%. RESULTS From a total of 3624 articles, 2855 studies were selected, and 76 studies included after full-text reading. The roughness of AM-printed ceramics generally increased compared with that of conventional processing while the marginal discrepancy was comparable both for ceramics and polymers. The flexural strength, hardness, and fracture load of AM-printed polymers were statistically lower than those of the conventional group (P<.05). No significant difference was detected in terms of hardness, roughness, marginal discrepancy, fracture load, trueness, or internal fit between the AM and MM techniques (P>.05). Milling techniques showed significantly higher values of flexural strength (Hedge g=-3.88; 95% CI, -7.20 to -0.58; P=.02), also after aging (Hedge g=-3.29; 95% CI, -6.41 to -0.17; P=.04), compared with AM printing. CONCLUSIONS AM is comparable with MM in terms of mechanical properties, in particular with polymeric materials. The flexural strength of AM-printed prostheses is lower than with conventional and MM techniques, as are the parameters of hardness and fracture load, while the marginal discrepancy is similar to that of MM and conventional techniques. AM prostheses are commonly used for interim crowns and fixed partial dentures, as their rigidity and fracture resistance cannot support mastication forces for extended periods. More comparative studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valenti
- Graduate student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Isabella Federici
- Graduate student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Masciotti
- Student, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Researcher, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Iva Xhimitiku
- PhD student, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali "Giuseppe Colombo" - CISAS, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- Professor, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Researcher, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Peroz S, Peroz I, Beuer F, von Stein-Lausnitz M, Sterzenbach G. Digital versus conventional complete dentures: A randomized, controlled, double-blinded crossover trial. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00283-9. [PMID: 35850871 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The Baltic Denture System provides a digital way to fabricate complete dentures in 2 visits. Conventional dentures using injection or compression molding require additional visits and complex laboratory procedures. However, how the fabrication method affects clinical outcomes is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical, randomized, controlled, double-blinded crossover trial was to evaluate the impact of the fabrication method (digital versus conventional production) of complete dentures on clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen participants received 2 pairs of new complete dentures, produced in a digital and a conventional workflow. Each complete denture was worn for an observation period of 3 months. The order of the dentures was randomized. The primary outcome was the clinical assessment of the dentures by a blinded examiner, including peripheral extension, cutout for buccal and labial frenula, denture extension, and denture thickness. Denture esthetics were evaluated by the midline, position of anterior teeth, buccal corridor, and smile arc, and occlusal relationships were evaluated by the vertical dimension, sagittal relation, the Camper plane, and occlusion. In addition, the retention of maxillary and mandibular dentures and phonetics was evaluated. Differences between the prostheses were statistically analyzed with the McNemar test (α=.05). RESULTS The borders of the digital dentures were significantly more often overextended at the time of insertion (P=.021), reducing the retention of the digital dentures, especially the maxillary dentures (P=.016). The borders of the dentures could be corrected so that after 2 weeks and 3 months, no significant differences could be seen between digital dentures and conventional dentures. CONCLUSIONS The fabrication method has a significant influence only on the dimension of the denture border. It was significantly more often overextended in digital dentures and impaired retention, especially of the maxillary dentures, at the time of insertion. As this parameter is correctable, no significant clinical differences could be observed over the observation time of 3 months between digital dentures and conventional dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Peroz
- Research Associate, Charité, CC 3 Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Peroz
- Professor, Charité, CC 3 Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Professor, Charité, CC 3 Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manja von Stein-Lausnitz
- Associate Professor, Charité, CC 3 Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Sterzenbach
- Associate Professor, Charité, CC 3 Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the retention and loss of retention after fatigue testing at different time intervals between two types of bar clip materials (digitally designed PEEK bar clip and regular Nylon bar clip). MATERIALS AND METHODS An epoxy model was constructed for a completely edentulous mandible. Two implants were placed according to prosthetically driven implant placement by a computer-guided surgical stent. Bar clips were digitally designed, 3D printed, and pressed into Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK). Pick up of PEEK and nylon clips was performed on the dentures fitting surface using self-cured acrylic resin. Each study group was subjected to an insertion and removal fatigue test simulating 3 years of patient usage. Retention values were recorded using the universal testing machine at initial retention and after 1, 2, and 3 years of simulated usage. For proper sample sizing, 24 models and dentures (12 for each group) were used. An independent sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to compare the data. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in retention between the PEEK and nylon bar clips at the beginning of the experiment (p = 0.000*). But after 3 years of simulated use, there was no significant difference in retention between the test groups (p = 0.055, NS). After 3 years of simulated use, the retention of PEEK clips decreased by - 58.66% recording 17.37 ± 1.07 N, while the retention of nylon clip increased by + 2.99% recording 16.56 ± 0.88 N. CONCLUSION The digitally designed PEEK clip showed comparable retention results to the nylon clip after 3 years of simulated use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maintenance of bar attachment with PEEK clip offers a clinical solution after the wear of normal plastic clips, which is a cheap solution that is easily fabricated and picked up into the denture. Digital fabricated PEEK bar retentive inserts can be used in cases of bar attachment wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam I Nassar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Fifth Settlement, End of 90 Street, Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
| | - Medhat Sameh Abdelaziz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Fifth Settlement, End of 90 Street, Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt.
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Kane B, Shah KC. In Vitro Analysis of Shear Stress: CAD Milled vs Printed Denture Base Resins with Bonded Denture Tooth. J Prosthodont 2022; 32:29-37. [PMID: 35674217 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As the fabrication of computer-aided design (CAD) milled and 3D printed denture base resins with bonded denture teeth increase in popularity, there is a need for research comparing the shear bond stress of milled and printed denture base resins with bonded denture teeth to that of a conventional heat processed denture base. MATERIALS AND METHODS Denture base resin specimens (n = 9) were fabricated according to manufacturers' instructions using a novel test design. Two milled (Ivobase CAD PMMA, Ivoclar Vivadent and Polident PMMA, Polident Dental) and two 3D printed (Denture Base LP Resin, Formlabs and Lucitone Digital Print, Dentsply Sirona) materials were used. Conventional heat processed polymethylmethacrylate was used as the control (Lucitone 199, Dentsply Sirona). Denture teeth (VITA Vitapan XL T44, #8, VITA Zahnfabrik) were bonded to their respective bases using denture tooth bonding agent (Ivobase CAD bonding system, Ivoclar). Specimens were aged in water for 600 hours at 37°C and loaded until failure in a Universal testing machine. Shear bond stress was calculated. All specimens were evaluated for mode of failure and select specimens under scanning electron microscope and vertical scanning interferometry. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (IBM SPSS) and fracture analysis performed. RESULTS Shear stress was highest for the heat processed control (mean = 180 N ±26.76) and Polident test groups (mean = 180 N ± 34.90). Milled specimens were not significantly different from the control (p = 0.076 for IvoBase CAD and 1.00 for Polident), while the printed groups were significantly different from the control (p = 0.012 for Formlabs Denture Base Resin and p = 0.00 for Carbon Lucitone Digital Print). Milled denture base resins performed similarly to heat processed denture base resin and better than 3D printed denture bases. CONCLUSION For complete denture wearers, all resin materials used in this study may be clinically acceptable, as the sheer stress for all groups was higher than the reported maximum biting force of complete denture patients. However, for implant retained prostheses, the incorporation of additional retentive features should be considered when bonding denture teeth to printed bases. More research is needed to evaluate methods to increase the bond strength of denture teeth to printed denture base resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Kane
- Prosthodontist, Private Practice Los Angeles CA USA
- Past Resident UCLA Advanced Prosthodontics Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Kumar C. Shah
- Health Sciences Clinical Professor UCLA Residency Program Director (Advanced Prosthodontics) Director of Faculty Group Dental Practice Los Angeles CA USA
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23
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Beatriz Vilela Teixeira A, Greghi de Carvalho G, Cândido dos Reis A. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents into dental materials obtained by additive manufacturing: A literature review. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:411-420. [PMID: 36092519 PMCID: PMC9453510 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Cleto MP, Silva MDD, Nunes TSBS, Viotto HEC, Coelho SRG, Pero AC. Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength Between Denture Teeth and 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin. J Prosthodont 2022; 32:3-10. [PMID: 35609138 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength between two types of artificial teeth with a 3D-printed denture base resin using different bonding agents. MATERIALS & METHODS Two types of artificial teeth were evaluated: 3D-printed (Cosmos TEMP) and prefabricated polymethylmethacrylate (Biotone) bonded to cylinders (2.5 mm in height and 5 mm in diameter) of 3D-printed denture bases (Cosmos Denture designing by Meshmixer and printed by Flashforge Hunter DLP Resin 3D Printer). Two combinations between denture base and artificial teeth were eveluated: Cosmos Denture - Biotone, n = 30, and Cosmos Denture - Cosmos TEMP, n = 30. For each combination, the specimens were randomly distributed according to the bonding agent: 1. autopolymerized acrylic resin-Duralay, n = 10; 2. 3D-printed resin Cosmos TEMP, n = 10; and 3. methylmethacrylate monomer (MMA) + 3D-printed resin Cosmos TEMP, n = 10, totaling 60 specimens. The application of MMA was done conditioning the tooth surface for 180 seconds; the other agents were applied on the same surface. The virtual design of the 3D-printed resin teeth was obtained by scanning the first maxillary molar of the prefabricated teeth as the same protocol of cylinders. The control group (n = 10) was a conventional heat-polymerized denture base resin (Lucitone 550) bonded to the prefabricated resin teeth (Biotone). The shear bond tests were performed by applying a perpendicular force to the artificial tooth - denture base resin, through a chisel at 1mm / min until failure. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05) were used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS For the Biotone tooth, the bond strength was significantly higher using MMA + Cosmos TEMP (10.04 MPa), and similar to the control (11.84 MPa, p = 0.484). For the 3D-printed tooth (Cosmos TEMP), the bond strength using the agents Cosmos TEMP (9.57 MPa) and MMA + Cosmos TEMP (12.72 MPa) were similar to the control (11.84 MPa, p = 0.169 and p = 1, respectively), but different from each other (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS From the results, it is recommended to use: MMA + Cosmos TEMP bonding agent for the Biotone tooth; and Cosmos TEMP or MMA + Cosmos TEMP bonding agents for the Cosmos TEMP tooth, both attached to the 3D-printed denture resin Cosmos Denture. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília P Cleto
- Undergraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela D D Silva
- PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís S B S Nunes
- PhD student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamile E C Viotto
- MSc student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina R G Coelho
- Undergratuate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Pero
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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El Aziz MSA, Abd El Megid Tella EAES. Fully digital workflow for reinforced mandibular implant overdenture - A novel method. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2022; 22:205-209. [PMID: 36511033 PMCID: PMC9132500 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_514_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular overdenture is suspected to fracture, especially in the midline and anterior region due to low surface area of coverage and minimum acrylic thickness in addition to attachments pickup holes that weakens the denture. Dentures used to be conventionally reinforced with metal meshwork which cannot be done in a digital workflow. This in vitro report introduces a novel approach of digital overdenture reinforcement using computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, and rapid prototyping technologies. This novel approach provided digital reinforced, stable, and well-adapted overdenture with accurate and easy attachment pickup. Digital reinforced denture has fewer clinical steps with fewer laboratory complications. The newly developed overdenture fabrication techniques have the ability to change the conventional clinical and laboratory workflow from analog to digital. Which grantee standardization of the outcome on both research and clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Sameh Abd El Aziz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kobayashi H, Tasaka A, Higuchi S, Yamashita S. Influence of molding angle on the trueness and defects of removable partial denture frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:589-599. [PMID: 34980787 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of molding angle on the trueness and defects associated with removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). METHODS A plaster model of a partially edentulous mandibular arch classified as Kennedy class II modification 1 was used. After obtaining the 3D data of the model (design data), a framework was designed using CAD software. Based on the design data, three different molding angle conditions (0°, 45°, and -45°) were set in the CAM software. The frameworks were fabricated by SLM under each condition, and 3D data were captured (fabrication data). The design and fabrication data were superimposed using 3D inspection software to verify the shape errors. The number of support structures was then measured. To examine the internal defects, micro-computed tomography (µCT) was performed for void analysis. Surface roughness was measured using a laser microscope. RESULTS The overall shape errors of the RPD framework were smaller under the 0° condition compared with the others, and the largest number of support structures was observed at 0°. Many internal defects were observed in the large components of the framework at 45° and -45°. The surface roughness was the smallest at -45°. CONCLUSION The trueness and defects associated with the RPD frameworks were affected by the difference in the SLM molding angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Kobayashi
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Tasaka
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuo Higuchi
- Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Oral Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yamashita
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Li P, Lambart AL, Stawarczyk B, Reymus M, Spintzyk S. Postpolymerization of a 3D-printed denture base polymer: Impact of post-curing methods on surface characteristics, flexural strength, and cytotoxicity. J Dent 2021; 115:103856. [PMID: 34695506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of postpolymerization of a three-dimensional (3D) printed denture base polymer. The effect of post-curing methods on surface characteristics, flexural strength, and cytotoxicity was evaluated. METHODS A total of 172 specimens were additively manufactured using one denture base material (V-Print dentbase, VOCO) and further post-cured by different light-curing devices, including Otoflash G171 (OF), Labolight DUO (LL), PCU LED (PCU), and LC-3DPrintbox (PB), respectively. Polymethyl methacrylate resin (PalaExpress Ultra) was used as a reference (REF). Afterward, surface topography was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and surface roughness was measured (n = 6). Furthermore, flexural strength was tested (n = 20). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the extract and direct contact tests. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS The different post-curing methods applied did not significantly influence surface topography and roughness (Ra). Meanwhile, specimens post-cured by PCU (162.3 ± 44.16 MPa) and PB (171.2 ± 34.41 MPa) showed significantly higher flexural strength than those post-cured by OF (131.3 ± 32.87 MPa) and REF (131.2 ± 19.19 MPa), respectively. Additionally, various post-curing methods effectively decreased the cytotoxic effects of 3D-printed denture base polymer. CONCLUSIONS Different post-curing methods did not significantly alter the Ra values of the 3D-printed denture base material. However, flexural strength was significantly affected by the postpolymerization methods, which might be attributed to the different wavelengths of post-curing devices. In addition, various postpolymerization methods reduced the cytotoxic effects of the 3D-printed denture base polymer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Flexural strength of additively manufactured denture bases depends on the postpolymerization strategy. Therefore, an appropriate post-curing method is required to optimize the flexural strength of 3D-printed denture materials.
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Srinivasan M, Kalberer N, Fankhauser N, Naharro M, Maniewicz S, Müller F. CAD-CAM complete removable dental prostheses: A double-blind, randomized, crossover clinical trial evaluating milled and 3D-printed dentures. J Dent 2021; 115:103842. [PMID: 34637889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This double-blind, randomized, crossover, clinical trial aimed to evaluate and compare the differences between milled and 3D-printed complete removable dental prostheses (CRDPs). METHODS Fifteen edentulous patients (men: n = 10, women: n = 5; age: 66.7 ± 8.0 years) rehabilitated with conventional CRDPs were recruited for this trial. Participants were randomized to first receiving either the milled or 3D-printed CAD-CAM manufactured CRDPs and then after 6-weeks cross over to the other set. Both, clinicians and participants were blinded to the group allocation. Outcomes included patient's denture satisfaction (PDS), oral-health related quality of life (OHIP-EDENT), willingness-to-pay analysis, final choice (FC) of CRDPs, clinician's denture quality evaluation (CDQE), chewing efficiency (CE), maximum-voluntary-bite-force (MBF), and prosthodontic maintenance needs. The outcomes were measured at baseline (with old CRDPs), at 1 and 6 weeks after new CRDP insertion; following crossover with the second set of CRDPs, an identical protocol was followed. Generalized linear regression for repeated measures was used for statistical analysis with α=0.05. RESULTS All participants completed the trial. 3D-printed CRDPs required more maintenance visits, adjustment time (p = 0.0003), and adjustment costs (p = 0.021). Patients were willing-to-pay an average of 606.67 Swiss Francs more than the actual cost for the milled CRDPs. There were no differences in the PDS, OHIP, FC, CDQE, CE, and MBF between the two CRDPs groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this double-blind randomized crossover clinical trial confirm that both milled and 3D-printed CRDPs are valid treatment modalities for edentulous patients, with the latter performing inferiorly with regard to the time and costs involved with the prosthodontic aftercare, as well as the patients' willingness-to-pay. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of this trial provide evidence to help the clinician in choosing the appropriate CAD-CAM manufacturing process for fabricating the CRDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Srinivasan
- Clinic of General, Special care, and Geriatric dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva - 4, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Kalberer
- Clinic of General, Special care, and Geriatric dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fankhauser
- Clinic of General, Special care, and Geriatric dentistry, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Naharro
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva - 4, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Maniewicz
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva - 4, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Müller
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva - 4, Switzerland; Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, Chemin du Pont-Bochet 3, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland
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Akyalcin S, Rutkowski P, Arrigo M, Trotman CA, Kasper FK. Evaluation of current additive manufacturing systems for orthodontic 3-dimensional printing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:594-602. [PMID: 34579820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this research was to evaluate and compare linear and surface accuracy of dental models fabricated using 3 different vat photopolymerization printing units: digital light synthesis (M2 Printer; Carbon, Redwood City, Calif), digital light processing (Juell 3D Flash OC; Park Dental Research, New York, NY), and stereolithography apparatus (Form 2; Formlabs Inc, Somerville, Mass), and a material jetting printing unit: PolyJet (Objet Eden 260VS; Stratasys, Eden Prairie, Minn). METHODS Maxillary and mandibular dental arches of 20 patients with the American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index scores ranging between 10 and 30 were scanned using an intraoral scanner. Stereolithographic files of each patient were printed via the 3-dimensional (3D) printers and were digitized again using a 3D desktop scanner to enable comparisons with the original scan data. One-sample t test and linear regression analyses were performed. To further graphically examine the accuracy between the different methods, Bland-Altman plots were computed. The level of significance was set at P <0.05. RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis showed no fixed bias of one approach vs the other, and random errors were detected in all linear accuracy comparisons. When a 0.25 mm tolerance level was deemed acceptable for any positive or negative surface changes, only the models manufactured from digital light processing and PolyJet units showed more than 97% match with the original scans. CONCLUSION The surface area of 3D printed models did not yield an utterly identical match to the original scan data and was affected by the type of printer. The clinical relevance of the differences observed on the 3D printed dental model surfaces requires application-specific judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Akyalcin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | - Phillip Rutkowski
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - Michael Arrigo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - Carroll Ann Trotman
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Tex
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Srinivasan M, Kamnoedboon P, McKenna G, Angst L, Schimmel M, Özcan M, Müller F. CAD-CAM removable complete dentures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of trueness of fit, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, surface characteristics, color stability, time-cost analysis, clinical and patient-reported outcomes. J Dent 2021; 113:103777. [PMID: 34400250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review compared Computer-aided designand Computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) and conventionally constructed removable complete dentures (CDs). DATA Seventy-three studies reporting on CAD-CAM (milled/3D-printed) CDs were included in this review. The most recent literature search was performed on 15/03/2021. SOURCES Two investigators searched electronic databases [PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CENTRAL], online search engines (Google) and research portals. Hand searches were performed to identify literature not available online. STUDY SELECTION Studies on CAD-CAM CDs were included if they reported on trueness of fit, biocompatibility, mechanical, surface, chemical, color , microbiological properties, time-cost analysis, and clinical outcomes. Inter-investigator reliability was assessed using kappa scores. Meta-analyses were performed on the extracted data . RESULTS The kappa score ranged between 0.897-1.000. Meta-analyses revealed that 3D-printed CDs were more true than conventional CDs (p = 0.039). Milled CDs had a higher flexural-strength than conventional and 3D-printed CDs (p < 0.0001). Milled CDs had a higher flexural-modulus than 3D-printed CDs (p < 0.0001). Milled CDs had a higher yield-strength than injection-molded (p = 0.004), and 3D-printed CDs (p = 0.001). Milled CDs had superior toughness (p < 0.0001) and surface roughness characteristics (p < 0.0001) than other CDs . Rapidly-prototyped CDs displayed poor color-stability compared to other CDs (p = 0.029). CAD-CAM CDs d displayed better retention than conventional CDs (p = 0.015). Conventional CDs had a higher strain at yield point than milled CDs (p < 0.0001), and had superior esthetics than 3D-printed (p < 0.0001). Fabrication of CAD-CAM CDs required less chairside time (p = 0.037) and lower overall costs (p < 0.0001) than conventional CDs. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review concludes that CAD-CAM CDs offer a number of improved mechanical/surface properties and are not inferior when compared to conventional CDs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CAD-CAM CDs should be considered for completely edentulous patients whenever possible, since this technique offers numerous advantages including better retention, mechanical and surface properties but most importantly preserves a digital record. This can be a great advantage for older adults with limited access to dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Srinivasan
- Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Porawit Kamnoedboon
- Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald McKenna
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lea Angst
- Clinic of General, Special Care, and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Müller
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kihara H, Sugawara S, Yokota J, Takafuji K, Fukazawa S, Tamada A, Hatakeyama W, Kondo H. Applications of three-dimensional printers in prosthetic dentistry. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:212-216. [PMID: 34078769 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent studies and case reports on three-dimensional (3D) printing, and to verify the applicability of 3D printers in the field of dental prostheses. This review was performed by conducting a search of PubMed. The clinical application of fabricating a prosthesis made with cobalt-chromium is considered possible depending on the material and hardware of the 3D printer. However, it is currently difficult to assess the clinical use of 3D-printed zirconia crowns. Further research is required, such as verification of materials used, margin morphology, and hardware. Clinically acceptable results have been reported for patterns using 3D printers. Interim restorations made using a 3D printer have been reported with good results that are considered clinically usable. Dentures made with 3D printers need further verification in terms of strength and deformation. Custom trays made with 3D printers are clinically useful, however, issues remain with design time and effort. Although several studies have reported the usefulness of 3D printers, further verification is required since 3D printers are still considered new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemichi Kihara
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shiho Sugawara
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
| | - Jun Yokota
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
| | - Kyoko Takafuji
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shota Fukazawa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
| | - Ayaka Tamada
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Nagasaki University Hospital
| | - Wataru Hatakeyama
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
| | - Hisatomo Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
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Wagner SA, Kreyer R. Digitally Fabricated Removable Complete Denture Clinical Workflows using Additive Manufacturing Techniques. J Prosthodont 2021; 30:133-138. [PMID: 33988280 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing in the fabrication of complete removable dentures has demonstrated that the prostheses produced are superior in many ways to removable dentures produced using analog techniques. A variety of clinical workflows that take advantage of digital technology have been shown to shorten the number of appointments required to produce high quality prostheses. This paper presents an overview of additive manufacturing in contemporary removable complete denture workflows and describes effective three appointment clinical techniques using additive manufacturing to produce a clinical trial denture and definitive prosthesis.
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Baba NZ, Goodacre BJ, Goodacre CJ, Müller F, Wagner S. CAD/CAM Complete Denture Systems and Physical Properties: A Review of the Literature. J Prosthodont 2021; 30:113-124. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Z. Baba
- Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda CA
| | - Brian J. Goodacre
- Division of General Dentistry Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda CA
| | - Charles J. Goodacre
- Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda CA
| | - Frauke Müller
- Clinique Universitaire de Médecine Dentaire, Division de Gérodontologie et Prothèse adjointe Université de Genève Switzerland
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Tian Y, Chen C, Xu X, Wang J, Hou X, Li K, Lu X, Shi H, Lee ES, Jiang HB. A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry: Technologies, Affecting Factors, and Applications. Scanning 2021; 2021:9950131. [PMID: 34367410 PMCID: PMC8313360 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9950131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are advanced manufacturing technologies based on computer-aided design digital models to create personalized 3D objects automatically. They have been widely used in the industry, design, engineering, and manufacturing fields for nearly 30 years. Three-dimensional printing has many advantages in process engineering, with applications in dentistry ranging from the field of prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and oral implantology to orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontology. This review provides a practical and scientific overview of 3D printing technologies. First, it introduces current 3D printing technologies, including powder bed fusion, photopolymerization molding, and fused deposition modeling. Additionally, it introduces various factors affecting 3D printing metrics, such as mechanical properties and accuracy. The final section presents a summary of the clinical applications of 3D printing in dentistry, including manufacturing working models and main applications in the fields of prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and oral implantology. The 3D printing technologies have the advantages of high material utilization and the ability to manufacture a single complex geometry; nevertheless, they have the disadvantages of high cost and time-consuming postprocessing. The development of new materials and technologies will be the future trend of 3D printing in dentistry, and there is no denying that 3D printing will have a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Tian
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - ChunXu Chen
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xingyu Hou
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Kelun Li
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - HaoYu Shi
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Eui-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Bo Jiang
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
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Li P, Krämer-Fernandez P, Klink A, Xu Y, Spintzyk S. Repairability of a 3D printed denture base polymer: Effects of surface treatment and artificial aging on the shear bond strength. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 114:104227. [PMID: 33279875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the repairability of a 3D printed denture base material. The effects of surface treatments and artificial aging on the shear bond strength (SBS) were investigated. METHODS A total of 224 specimens were printed by digital light processing technology (Rapid Shape D30II) using a 3D printing denture base material (FREEPRINT denture). To evaluate the repairability, the SBS and failure modes were measured after surface treatment and artificial aging. Specifically, half of the specimens were further performed with thermocycling (5-55 °C, 5000 cycles) for artificial aging. The aged and non-aged specimens were further divided into four subgroups (n = 28) to simulate a denture base repair with one of the following treatments: control (without surface treatment), monomer (applying methylmethacrylate for 120 s), P600 (grinding with P600 silicon carbide paper) and sandblasting (blasted with 125 μm aluminum oxide with 2 bar), respectively. Surface roughness was measured (n = 6) and surface topography was observed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 2). A test rod was built on the sample surface using the same 3D printing material. Afterward, all specimens further underwent thermocycling (5-55 °C, 10,000 cycles). RESULTS For non-aged groups, no significant differences in SBS could be found (p < 0.05), and bondings failed cohesively in the denture base material. Regarding the aged control and monomer group, adhesive failures at the interface were primarily observed, and SBS values were statistically lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 3D printed denture base material exhibited favorable repairability. For the realignment surface, the SBS at the bonding interface is satisfying and additional surface treatments could be not necessary. In contrast, the aged surface could significantly decrease the SBS; hence subtractive surface treatments are highly recommended.
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Wesemann C, Spies BC, Schaefer D, Adali U, Beuer F, Pieralli S. Accuracy and its impact on fit of injection molded, milled and additively manufactured occlusal splints. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104179. [PMID: 33189599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Occlusal devices to reduce symptoms of bruxism and temperomandibular disorders can nowadays be manufactured in a digital workflow but studies comparing the accuracy of those occlusal devices are still limited. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to investigate the accuracy of injection molding compared with four computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques for the manufacturing of occlusal devices. In addition, the number of contact points and retention were evaluated to assess clinical relevance. A conventional workflow consisting of alginate impression, wax-up, and injection molding (IM) and digital workflows including intraoral scanning, digital design, and subtractive manufacturing (SM) or additive manufacturing by using stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and material jetting (Polyjet) were investigated. Sixteen splints were fabricated with each method. The intaglio surfaces of the splints were laser scanned and superimposed with the reference data sets to analyze the surface deviations. In addition, the number of contact points after repositioning the splints on the reference model was evaluated with occlusal foil. Finally, the retention was measured in a tensile test. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses (α = .05). IM and SM splints demonstrated the highest manufacturing accuracy without significant differences to each other (P > .985). Additive manufactured splints revealed greater deviations with equal results for SLA and Polyjet (P > .949) and significantly higher deviations for DLP compared to all other groups (P < .002). Comparable retention force was measured for IM, SM, and SLA (P > .923), whereas Polyjet splints showed the greatest variability. IM and SM splints presented the most contact points (P = .505). Additive manufactured splints demonstrated fewer contacts without significant difference to each other (P > .116). It can be concluded, that there is no difference in manufacturing accuracy, retention, and number of contacts between IM and SM splints. AM splints demonstrated higher, however, clinically acceptable deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wesemann
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Christopher Spies
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Dania Schaefer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ufuk Adali
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Pieralli
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Wemken G, Spies BC, Pieralli S, Adali U, Beuer F, Wesemann C. Do hydrothermal aging and microwave sterilization affect the trueness of milled, additive manufactured and injection molded denture bases? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 111:103975. [PMID: 32781402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Concepts for digital denture manufacturing are market-available but studies comparing the trueness of such dentures, either milled (MIL) or additive manufactured, compared to injection molded (IM) ones are still limited. Regarding the impact of artificial aging and microwave sterilization on this parameter, no data are available. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to assess the trueness of IM, MIL, and stereolithography (SLA) printed denture bases after manufacturing, hydrothermal cycling, and microwave sterilization. Sixteen edentulous maxillary plaster models were poured using a silicone mold and digitized by means of a desktop scanner. For group IM, 16 denture bases were injection molded using these models. For group MIL and SLA, the denture bases were virtually designed and manufactured referring to the digitized data. A total of 48 samples were scanned 1) after manufacturing, 2) after hydrothermal cycling (5-55 °C, N = 5,000), and after 3) three as well as 4) six cycles of microwave sterilization for 6 min each at 640 W. The 3D surface deviation of the total intaglio surface, the palate, the alveolar ridge, and the border seal region was evaluated on the basis of the root mean square estimation (RMSE) and positive and negative mean deviations with an inspection software. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were performed (α = 0.05). MIL showed the lowest deviations of the total RMSE (P ≤ .006) compared with the scans of the plaster models. In comparison, IM showed increased, mainly positive, deviations (P = .006) at the border seal. SLA presented the highest total RMSE (P = .001) with increased negative deviations, likewise at the border seal. In contrast to SLA (P = .001), no differences between IM and MIL (P = .816) were measured after hydrothermal cycling. Following microwave sterilization, the trueness of SLA was higher compared to IM and MIL (P = .001), with no differences between MIL and IM (P = .153). Distortion of IM and MIL was measured after the 3rd cycle with no further changes observed thereafter (P ≥ .385). It can be concluded, that subtractive manufacturing of denture bases results in the highest trueness, followed by IM and SLA. In contrast to IM and SLA, hydrothermal cycling did not affect MIL. Solely SLA printed denture bases remained dimensionally stable after microwave sterilization.
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Yoon SN, Oh KC, Lee SJ, Han JS, Yoon HI. Tissue surface adaptation of CAD-CAM maxillary and mandibular complete denture bases manufactured by digital light processing: A clinical study. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:682-689. [PMID: 31926657 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Clinical studies evaluating the tissue surface adaptation of complete denture bases fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the tissue surface adaptation of complete denture bases generated by the DLP technique and to compare the adaptation with that of denture bases manufactured by 5-axis milling (MIL) and pack-and-press (PAP) method. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 9 participants with 12 edentulous arches (7 maxillary and 5 mandibular) were included in this study. For each edentulous arch, the complete denture bases with occlusion rims were prepared by 3 different techniques (PAP, MIL, and DLP). A virtual denture base with occlusion rim was designed by means of a digital subtraction tool and served to fabricate the DLP and MIL denture bases. The complete denture bases were placed intraorally with an indicator applied to the intaglio surfaces. The thickness of the indicator was measured within the denture-bearing areas and anatomic landmarks of the edentulous arch to obtain the absolute tissue surface adaptation (ATA) value. The relative tissue surface adaptation (RTA) value was calculated from the differences between the ATA values of DLP or MIL techniques and those of the PAP technique. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the McNemar test were used for statistical analysis (α=.05). RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found among the 3 denture base fabrication techniques with respect to the ATA values of either arch (P>.05). In terms of the RTA values for the maxillary arch, the DLP base was significantly different from the MIL base in the RC and P areas (both P<.05). The DLP base exhibited a higher frequency of negative RTA values than the MIL base. Regarding the RTA values for the mandibular arch, no significant differences were detected between the DLP and MIL denture bases (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The DLP and MIL denture bases demonstrated clinically acceptable tissue surface adaptation to both edentulous the maxilla and mandible. The DLP denture base was likely to exhibit intimate tissue adaptation in the stress-bearing areas of maxillary arches compared with the PAP denture base. The maxillary MIL denture base was likely to exhibit small gaps between the supporting tissue and denture base. Both DLP and MIL mandibular denture bases were likely to show intimate adaptation on the lingual slope compared with the PAP base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Na Yoon
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Oh
- Clinical Research Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Lee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Jung-Suk Han
- Professor and Dean, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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