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Nielsen G, Wikman JM, Appleton PR, Bentsen P, Elsborg P. Predicting adolescents' continuation in club sports: A prospective cohort study of the importance of personal and contextual motivational factors in five sports in Denmark. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14616. [PMID: 38553779 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the influence of types of motivation, basic psychological needs satisfaction and of a coach-created motivational climate on continued participation in youth sports across types of sport, competitive levels, ages, and gender. METHODS Participants were 7110 adolescent (age 12-20 years) members of leisure time club organized in basketball, handball, football, badminton, and gymnastics in Denmark. Motivational regulation was measured with BRSQ-6, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration were measured with PNSS-S, and coach-created climate was measured with the EDMCQ-C. The participants' continuation or dropout was measured at the beginning of the following season with a short electronic questionnaire. RESULTS Intrinsic motivation, identified behavior regulation, experiences of competence, relatedness, and autonomy, as well as a coach-created empowering motivational climate, were associated with continuation both in the sport and in the club the following season across different sports, genders, age groups, and competitive levels. Introjected and external behavior regulation, frustrations with the need to experience competence, relatedness, and autonomy, as well as a disempowering coach-created climate, were associated with dropout. CONCLUSION In Danish youth sports, autonomous motivation, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and an empowering coach-created motivational climate have a positive impact on the continuation of the sport and the club the following season. In contrast, controlled types of motivation, needs frustration, and a disempowering coach-created climate are associated with dropout. This is the case at both elite and recreational levels, for boys and girls, adolescents, and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Paul R Appleton
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Biese KM, Winans M, Rudek G, Cadmus-Bertram L, Andreae S, Brooks MA, Kliethermes S, McGuine TA, Bell DR. Sport Specialization and Sport Motivation in Middle School-Aged Athletes. J Athl Train 2024; 59:274-280. [PMID: 37248549 PMCID: PMC10976333 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0690.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sport specialization has been assumed to have psychosocial ramifications for athletes, especially autonomous motivation, which has been associated with continued sport participation. Sport dropout is common in youth athletes, yet it is unknown how sport specialization may affect this population psychosocially. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of sport specialization with autonomous and controlled motivation and amotivation in middle school-aged athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to athletes via schools, club sports, and social media. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 178 athletes (male = 59%; private school = 51%; grade: sixth = 20%, seventh = 32%, eighth = 48%) completed the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The questionnaire assessed demographics, sport participation, and motivation using the Youth Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire. Sport specialization was defined using a modified 3-point scale (low, moderate, or high) and multisport versus single-sport athletes. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze the differences among the types of motivation and specialization levels and between multisport and single-sport athletes. RESULTS Sport specialization categories were not significantly associated with autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, or amotivation. No significant associations were present between multisport or single-sport athletes and any type of motivation. However, multisport athletes had higher scores for intrinsic motivation, a subscale of autonomous motivation, compared with single-sport athletes (single sport: median = 5.00, 25th-75th quartile = 4.50-5.00; multisport: median = 5.00, 25th-75th quartile = 5.00-5.00; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Sport motivation did not differ between sport specialization groups in middle school athletes. Dropout from sport is common in this age group but is multifactorial in nature. A lack of sport motivation could be a factor for some athletes, but all specialization groups appeared to have similar outcomes. Our exploratory analysis suggests that clinicians may consider having an open dialogue with single-sport athletes, their parents or guardians, and coaches to ensure that athletes are enjoying their sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Biese
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
| | | | - Grace Rudek
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | | | - Susan Andreae
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - M. Alison Brooks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | | | - Timothy A. McGuine
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - David R. Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison
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Greule C, Sudeck G, Thiel A, Kastner L, Janßen P, Nieß A, Rapp F, Junne F, Krauß I. Correlates of physical activity enjoyment in children and adolescents for a new perspective on the treatment of overweight: A systematic literature review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13655. [PMID: 37987113 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic literature review was to systematically compile the state of knowledge on correlates of physical activity enjoyment in children and adolescents to influence the perspective of future physical activity promotion approaches especially for children and adolescents affected by overweight or obesity. The electronic database search was executed in the five databases PubMed, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and BISp-SURF, from inception to December 6, 2021. A semi-quantitative method was used for summarizing the resulted correlates. For final analysis, 85 studies comprising 48,144 children and adolescents were included. Fifty-seven variables could be coded for their relationship with physical activity enjoyment. Of these, 12 psychological variables, for example, the basic psychological needs, task orientation, or self-efficacy; six interpersonal variables, for example, peer/group acceptance, parental support, and autonomy support; and one behavioral variable, the higher self-reported physical activity, are consistent positively associated to physical activity enjoyment. A scientifically based overview could be extracted for the promotion of physical activity enjoyment in children and adolescents. There is a gap in literature focusing the perception of physical activity enjoyment in the subgroup of children and adolescents affected by overweight or obesity. Therefore, recommendations were made to enable the development of further innovative research approaches in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Greule
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lydia Kastner
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Janßen
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Krauß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Gürpınar B, Sarı IH, Yıldırım H. Perceived coach-created empowering and disempowering motivational climate and moral behaviour in sport: mediating role of moral disengagement. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:820-832. [PMID: 37641568 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2240614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Based on Duda's (2013) hierarchical and multidimensional conceptualization, this research integrates motivational climate dimensions from Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory to investigate the constructs of empowering/disempowering motivational climates. We aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived coach-created motivational climate and prosocial-antisocial behaviours and determine whether moral disengagement mediated this relationship. 423 athletes completed self-reported questionnaires. The results showed that empowering motivational climate had a positive direct association with prosocial behaviour towards opponents/teammates. Disempowering motivational climate had a positive direct relationship with antisocial behaviour towards opponents/teammates. Also, disempowering motivational climate was indirectly related to antisocial behaviour towards teammates, antisocial behaviour towards opponents and prosocial behaviour towards opponents via moral disengagement. These findings suggest that athletes' perception of coach-created empowering motivational climate is likely to enhance athletes' prosocial behaviours, whereas athletes' perception of coach-created disempowering motivational climate may result in their higher antisocial behaviours which is mediated by moral disengagement. The findings emphasize the role of perceived coach-created motivational climates in athletes' moral behaviours, provide useful information on the mediating role of moral disengagement in this relationship and suggest practical implications for sports coaches, sports psychologists and sport executives who aim to create a positive sports environment for athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahri Gürpınar
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - I Hsan Sarı
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Yıldırım
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
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Elsborg P, Appleton PR, Pons J, Wikman JM, Bentsen P, Nielsen G. Factorial validity, predictive validity and measurement invariance of the Danish version of the coach-created Empowering Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C). J Sports Sci 2023; 41:715-726. [PMID: 37486014 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2230707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to translate and validate a Danish version of the coach-created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C), retest the factor structure and provide further investigation into the psychometric properties in terms of measurement invariance across gender, age and competitive level, reliability and predictive validity. METHODS The participants were 1719 male and 551 female Danish football players 12-20 years of age (M = 14.81) playing at recreational, medium and elite levels. Participants filled in EDMCQ-C as well as questionnaires measuring psychological needs (BPNESS) and behaviour regulation (BRSQ). Factor structure of the EDMCQ-C was tested using Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling. To test whether the factor structure differed across gender, age group and competitive level, an invariance analysis comparing configurational, metric and scalar models was conducted. RESULTS EDMCQ-C showed good psychometric properties and measurement invariance across age, gender and competitive level. Both dimensions of EDMCQ-C were associated to needs satisfaction and behaviour regulation in expected directions and had high internal consistency. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the reliability of the two dimensions of EDMCQ-C, their predictive validity and for measurement invariance across age, gender and competitive level and provides a Danish version of the EDMCQ with sound psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Elsborg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg
| | - Paul R Appleton
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Institute of sport, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Joan Pons
- Psichology, Universitat de Les Illes Balears
- Sport Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | | | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen
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Di Corrado D, Sagone E, Buscemi A, Coco M. The Relationship between Anger Expression and Performance Score in Parents and Coaches: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Assertiveness. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5372. [PMID: 37047985 PMCID: PMC10094228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth sport provides regular physical activity for millions of children. It is a global system, which includes coaches, referees, athletes, and parent spectators; consequently, the behavior of each member can influence the experiences of others. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and assertiveness in the relationship between the degree of anger expression and the performance children's score in a group of parents and coaches. METHODS 200 parents (96 fathers, 104 mothers) and 200 coaches (119 males, 81 females) responded to the General Self-efficacy Scale, The Scale for Interpersonal Behavior, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2; an indicator of performance was asked of each coach. The age range of parents was 28-59 years (M = 41.39, SD = 7.07), while that of coaches was 27-43 years (M = 35.91, SD = 3.35). RESULTS Results revealed that self-efficacy and assertiveness were the direct and indirect predictors of performance score. CONCLUSIONS The study provided an understanding of the nature and magnitude of this profoundly interpersonal experience. Future studies may advance relevant education programs and effective interventions aimed at reducing angry expressions and lack of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Di Corrado
- Department of Sport Sciences, Kore University, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sagone
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Buscemi
- Study Center of Italian Osteopathy and Horus Social Cooperative, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Marinella Coco
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Romero-Parra N, Solera-Alfonso A, Bores-García D, Delfa-de-la-Morena JM. Sex and educational level differences in physical activity and motivations to exercise among Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:533-542. [PMID: 36482089 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents worldwide, especially girls, do not meet moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, a situation which is related to obesity and other comorbidities. Sex/gender differences in the practice of MVPA and motivations to engage in physical activity have not been previously examined among Spanish students considering different educational levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore these differences and analyse if motivations mediate the relationship between educational levels and MVPA in a large sample of students. From different schools in the Madrid region (primary: 11,122; lower secondary: 12,379; upper secondary: 3228) 26,729 students (13,491 boys and 13,238 girls; 9-19 years old) were recruited to participate in this study. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the third version of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire were used to evaluate, MVPA and motivations to exercise, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA and a mediation analysis were performed. Female students were found to be less active than males (43.4±38.7 and 58.6±45.9 min of MVPA; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.023) and showed lower intrinsic (ηp2 = 0.003), and integrated (ηp2 = 0.007) motivations than their male counterparts (p < 0.001). Primary school students were more active than lower and upper secondary students (53.3±44.2, 49.9±42.3 and 48.0±42.8 min of MVPA; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.002) and also presented higher intrinsic (ηp2 = 0.011) and integrated (ηp2 = 0.010) motivation than secondary school students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among Spanish children and adolescents, females showed lower levels of MVPA and intrinsic and integrated motivation across all the educational levels, and among primary school students in comparison to secondary school. This suggests that inner motivation is more determinant of increased engagement in MVPA and thus, there is need to reinforce it before the transition to secondary school and with special focus on females' preferences. What is Known: •Many children and adolescents worldwide, do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations. • Within the self-determination theory, autonomous motivation seems to be the main responsible of greater PA levels. What is New: •This study shows for the first time sex and educational level differences in PA levels in a representative sample of Spanish students (9-19 yrs). •Autonomous motivation decreased from primary school onwards and was lower in female students than in their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Romero-Parra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Solera-Alfonso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bores-García
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health (Hum & QRinHS), Facultad de CC, De la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Delfa-de-la-Morena
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Appleton PR, Viladrich C, Quested E, González-García L, Papaioannou A, Hall HK, Balaguer I, Ramis Y, Sarrazin P, Heuzé JP, Ommundsen Y, Wold B, Samdal O, Duda JL. Measurement invariance of the empowering and disempowering motivational climate questionnaire-coach in youth sport. Front Psychol 2023; 13:958444. [PMID: 36687840 PMCID: PMC9853961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance (across five languages, two time points, and two experimental conditions) of the empowering and disempowering motivational climate questionnaire-coach (EDMCQ-C; Appleton et al., 2016) when completed by 9256 young sport participants (M age = 11.53 years, SD = 1.39 years; 13.5% female). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the validity of a 2-factor (empowering and disempowering) model running a multiple group analysis without any equality constraint (configural invariance) followed by measurement invariance of factor loadings and thresholds (scalar invariance). Findings provided support for partial invariance across languages and scalar invariance across time and experimental groups. The factors were interpretable across the analyses, and items loaded as intended by theory except for item 15. This study provides further evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the EDMCQ-C and suggests this scale (minus item 15) can be used to provide meaningful latent mean comparisons (Marsh et al., 2013) of empowering and disempowering coach-created climates across athletes speaking the five targeted languages, across time, and across experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Appleton
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom,Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Paul R. Appleton,
| | - Carme Viladrich
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia,Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lorena González-García
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Athanasios Papaioannou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Isabel Balaguer
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yago Ramis
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Yngvar Ommundsen
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Wold
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joan L. Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Zeng J, Qiu N, Leitzelar BN, Fu J, Wang Y, Liang F, Ding K, Moore JB, Zou Y, Li R. Parental Support Is Associated with Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity among Chinese Adolescents through the Availability of Physical Activity Resources in the Home Environment and Autonomous Motivation. Children 2022; 9:children9091309. [PMID: 36138618 PMCID: PMC9498064 DOI: 10.3390/children9091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to use a structural equation model (SEM) to determine the association between parental support and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among Chinese adolescents and whether the availability of physical activity (PA) resources in the home environment and autonomous motivation of adolescents mediated the association. Data were collected using questionnaires extracted from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study. A final analytical sample of 3738 adolescents was enrolled. A SEM was performed to evaluate the hypothesized associations. It was found that parental support was not only positively directly but also indirectly associated with MVPA in Chinese boys through the home environment (i.e., availability of PA resources) and the autonomous motivation of adolescents. It is worth noting that the above relationships also exist in Chinese girls, except for the regulatory role of autonomous motivation. These findings suggest that future interventions for increasing adolescents’ MVPA should focus on health education for parents to provide more PA resources in the home environment and adequately mobilize children’s autonomous motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Brianna N. Leitzelar
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Jialin Fu
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yechuang Wang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Justin B. Moore
- Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Yuliang Zou
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-27-68759901 (R.L.); Fax: +86-27-68758648 (R.L.)
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-27-68759901 (R.L.); Fax: +86-27-68758648 (R.L.)
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Martínez-González N, Atienza FL, Tomás I, Balaguer I. Perceived Coach-Created Motivational Climates as Predictors of Athletes' Goal Reengagement: The Mediational Role of Goal Motives. Front Psychol 2021; 12:740060. [PMID: 35002840 PMCID: PMC8739803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.740060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes have to face several challenges during the sport season, and one of them could involve dealing with unattainable goals. In these situations, being able to reengage in other goals as a form of goal adjustment and in response to contextual demands is adaptive. According to previous literature, some aspects of the athletes' social context, such as coach-created motivational climates, could encourage more adaptive responses in athletes, and so it is possible that these climates would also promote athletes' goal regulation and goal reengagement. The purpose of this study was twofold: to analyze whether athletes' perception of empowering and disempowering climates were related to their goal reengagement through the mediation of goal motives; and to examine the interaction between the two climates when they predict reengagement through athletes' goal motives. Participants were 414 Spanish university athletes (49.5% male, 50.5% female) who belonged to different university teams, with ages ranging from 17 to 33 years old (M = 20.61, SD = 2.58). In the sport facilities, all of them completed questionnaires that evaluated their perception of empowering and disempowering climates, their goal motives, and their goal reengagement. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that perceived empowering climate positively predicted autonomous goal motives, which in turn had a positive relationship with goal reengagement. Conversely, perceived disempowering climate positively predicted controlled goal motives, which were not related to goal reengagement. Thus, we only found support for the indirect relationship between perceived empowering climate and goal reengagement through autonomous goal motives. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that interaction effects between perceived empowering and disempowering climates were not significant in the prediction of goal reengagement through goal motives. Findings revealed that the perception of empowering climates promotes athletes' goal reengagement when goals become unattainable via the increase in their autonomous goal motives. Conversely, when athletes perceive disempowering climates, they have more controlled goal motives, which are not related to goal reengagement. In addition, the study supports the need to educate coaches to create more empowering and less disempowering climates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco L. Atienza
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Tomás
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Balaguer
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Ruiz MC, Appleton PR, Duda JL, Bortoli L, Robazza C. Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes' Emotions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18094997. [PMID: 34066860 PMCID: PMC8125922 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coach-created motivational climate influences variations in athletes’ motivation and emotional experiences. The present study aimed to examine social environmental antecedents of athletes’ emotions. Participants (N = 262, 52% female, M age = 22.75 ± 6.92) completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of coach-created motivational climates, goal orientations, motivation regulations, and emotions. The mediation effects of goal orientations (i.e., task/ego) and motivation regulations (i.e., autonomous/controlled) on the relationship between motivational climate (i.e., empowering/disempowering) and emotions (i.e., happiness, excitement, anxiety, dejection, and anger) were examined. Structural equation modeling revealed positive direct effects of perceptions of an empowering motivational climate on happiness. Indirect effects of empowering climate to happiness and excitement via task orientation and autonomous motivation emerged. Perceptions of a disempowering climate positively predicted anxiety, dejection, and anger via ego orientation and controlled motivation. Overall, the findings have implications for coach education as they highlight the importance of creating more empowering environments and avoiding or reducing social comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse C. Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul R. Appleton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (P.R.A.); (J.L.D.)
| | - Joan L. Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (P.R.A.); (J.L.D.)
| | - Laura Bortoli
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudio Robazza
- BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (L.B.); (C.R.)
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Strempfl J, Wutzl T, Ün D, Greber-Platzer S, Keilani M, Crevenna R, Thajer A. Impact of self-determination theory in a physiotherapeutic training : A pilot-study on motivation for movement of obese adolescents. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 134:208-214. [PMID: 33835266 PMCID: PMC8034041 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background This study determined to what extent the underpinning of physiotherapeutic interventions with the evidence-based motivational psychological concept of the self-determination theory (SDT) by Ryan and Deci can increase motivation and enjoyment of movement in obese adolescents. Methods In this study 12 obese adolescents aged 14–18 years were offered a targeted group-specific sports program including a home exercise program of 8 weeks. The group leaders were trained in the SDT and supported to integrate motivational aspects. A SDT-based questionnaire by Kohake and Lehnert was used to evaluate motivational interventions. Results In total, seven (58%) patients finished the study. In the before-after comparison there were little changes in motivation. Results showed that contrary to expectations the motivation of the obese adolescents to move and to participate in the study was generally high. In the study, more internalized forms of motivation dominated, the highest quality form of motivation. Conclusion Digital technologies could be a successful way to further increase motivation and compliance of our target group. This MotiMove study is a basis for future research programs and empower physiotherapists and movement experts to develop and implement training programs for obese adolescents and children. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00508-021-01849-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Strempfl
- Department of Health, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Teresa Wutzl
- Department of Health, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Didem Ün
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Keilani
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Thajer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Farmer O, Cahill K, O’Brien W. Gaelic4Girls-The Effectiveness of a 10-Week Multicomponent Community Sports-Based Physical Activity Intervention for 8 to 12-Year-Old Girls. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6928. [PMID: 32971964 PMCID: PMC7557379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Girls are less active than boys throughout childhood and adolescence, with limited research focusing on female community sports-based programs. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a multi-component, community sports-based intervention for increasing girl's physical activity (PA) levels, fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, and psychological wellbeing, as relative to a second treatment group (the traditionally delivered national comparative program), and a third control group. One hundred and twenty female-only participants (mean age = 10.75 ± 1.44 years), aged 8 to 12 years old from three Ladies Gaelic Football (LGF) community sports clubs (rural and suburban) were allocated to one of three conditions: (1) Intervention Group 1 (n = 43) received a novel, specifically tailored, research-informed Gaelic4Girls (G4G) intervention; (2) Intervention Group 2 (n = 44) used the traditionally delivered, national G4G program, as run by the Ladies Gaelic Football (LGF) Association of Ireland; and (3) Control Group 3 (n = 33) received no G4G intervention (group 1 or 2) conditions and were expected to carry out their usual LGF community sports activities. Primary outcome measurements (at both pre- and 10-week follow up) examining the effectiveness of the G4G intervention included (1) PA, (2) FMS and (3) Psychological correlates (enjoyment levels, self-efficacy, peer and parental support). Following a two (pre to post) by three (intervention group 1, intervention group 2, and control group 3) mixed-model ANOVA, it was highlighted that intervention group 1 significantly increased in PA (p = 0.003), FMS proficiency (p = 0.005) and several psychological correlates of PA (p ≤ 0.005). The findings demonstrate that the 10-week, specifically tailored, research-informed G4G intervention is a feasible and efficacious program, leading to a positive effect on the physical and psychological wellbeing of pre-adolescent Irish girls, relative to the traditionally delivered national G4G comparative program and control group conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlagh Farmer
- Sports Studies and Physical Education Program, School of Education, 2 Lucan Place, Western Road, 0000 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Kevin Cahill
- School of Education, Postgraduate Diploma in Special Educational Needs, University College Cork, 0000 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Wesley O’Brien
- Sports Studies and Physical Education Program, School of Education, 2 Lucan Place, Western Road, 0000 Cork, Ireland;
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Morela E, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Theodorakis Y, Goudas M, Elbe A. Youth sport motivational climate and attitudes toward migrants’ acculturation: The role of empathy and altruism. J Appl Soc Psychol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Morela
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science University of Thessaly Trikala Greece
| | | | - Yannis Theodorakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science University of Thessaly Trikala Greece
| | - Marios Goudas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science University of Thessaly Trikala Greece
| | - Anne‐Marie Elbe
- Sport Psychology and Physical Education Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
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Kromerova-Dubinskiene SSE, Appleton P. Validation of the Lithuanian Version of the Coach-Created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3487. [PMID: 32429468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on Duda's conceptualization of the motivational climate, the Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach (EDMCQ-C) is a recently developed scale that assesses junior athletes' perception of the social environmental dimensions proposed by achievement goal theory and self-determination theory. The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the Lithuanian translation of the EDMCQ-C and more broadly extend the validity and reliability of this questionnaire in sport participants. 712 adolescents from different sport teams in Lithuanian were the participants in this study. Exploratory structural equation modelling provided an acceptable fit of a two-factor model (i.e., empowering and disempowering) of EDMCQ-C. Reliability analysis revealed good levels of internal consistency for the empowering and disempowering climate factors. Discriminant validity was confirmed by a negative correlation between empowering and disempowering climate subscales. Correlations between empowering and disempowering subscales with values, motivation and self-esteem constructs demonstrate convergent validity. Associations between the climate dimensions and prosocial and antisocial behaviour in sport demonstrate predictive validity of EDMCQ-C. The evidence from this study suggests the Lithuanian version of EDMCQ-C is a promising scale for the assessment of athletes' perceptions of the empowering and disempowering features of the motivational climate created by their coach.
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Moral-García JE, Agraso-López AD, Ramos-Morcillo AJ, Jiménez A, Jiménez-Eguizábal A. The Influence of Physical Activity, Diet, Weight Status and Substance Abuse on Students' Self-Perceived Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1387. [PMID: 32098096 PMCID: PMC7068543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the level and relationship between the self-perceived health of adolescents in relation to the level of practice of physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, weight status and consumption of substance abuse, such as alcohol and tobacco. A total of 516 adolescent students between the ages of 12 and 16 completed a series of questionnaires to assess their health, physical activity, compliance with the Mediterranean diet and alcohol and tobacco consumption. Adolescents who practice more physical activity have better health and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The level of health is higher among adolescents with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, evidencing better health among those who consume less tobacco. These results show the need to involve the educational community, families and the media to promote healthy lifestyle habits that can help physical activity and sports professionals in the development of theoretical-practical proposals aimed at improving the health of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Enrique Moral-García
- Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Street Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | | | | | - Alfredo Jiménez
- Department of Management, KEDGE Business School, 680 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France;
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Klos L, Feil K, Eberhardt T, Jekauc D. Interventions to Promote Positive Affect and Physical Activity in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults-A Systematic Review. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8020026. [PMID: 32093347 PMCID: PMC7076746 DOI: 10.3390/sports8020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions to promote physical activity (PA) in children, adolescents and young adults based on social-cognitive theories often fail to increase PA. In recent years, affect-based approaches have gained interest, but the current state of research is not sufficiently reported. Therefore, a systematic review about the influence of interventions to promote positive affect and PA enjoyment and PA in children, adolescents and young adults was conducted. Literature searches were carried out including studies published between September 2009 and April 2019. Intervention studies targeting healthy children, adolescents or young adults and measuring enjoyment and PA were included. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including five group-based PA interventions, three multi-component school interventions, two internet-based interventions and three exergaming interventions. Most studies use multiple components in their intervention. Group-based PA programs incorporating task-oriented teaching styles and opportunities for voluntary PA are most consistently associated with positive findings. This review shows moderate evidence of interventions for children, adolescents and young adults being effective in increasing enjoyment and PA. Besides physical education and comprehensive school interventions, heterogenous intervention designs limit the comparability of studies. Future research should focus on theory-based, multi-component interventions with mediator analyses.
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18
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Guagliano JM, Kolt GS, Rosenkranz RR, Dzewaltowski DA. Does self-determined motivation interact with environmental contexts to influence moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during a girls' youth sport camp? J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2720-2725. [PMID: 31480895 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1662537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore whether basketball player's self-determined motivation interacts with environmental contexts and coach training to influence percentage time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA). Methods: A secondary analysis of data from 76 girls (mean ± SD, 10.5 ± 1.0 years) was conducted. Players were classified as high self-determined motivation (HSDM) or low self-determined motivation (LSDM) and randomised to trained (intervention) or untrained (control) coaches. Training included 2 workshops on strategies for activity-promoting practices. Girls were exposed to environmental contexts (practices and games) led by a trained/untrained coach (depending on arm) and one without coaches (free time) daily. Girls wore accelerometers each day. Using mixed random-effects models, the influence of motivation, context and training on %MVPA was analysed. Results: Trained coaches' practices were associated with the greatest %MVPA with no difference between HSDM and LSDM players (38.28 ± 1.77%; 37.64 ± 1.80%; p = 0.66). HSDM players had significantly greater %MVPA versus LSDM players during untrained coaches' practices (23.58 ± 1.77%; 20.51 ± 1.78%; p = 0.03). During games with trained coaches, HSDM players had greater %MVPA compared to LSDM players (23.79 ± 1.76%; 18.56 ± 1.74%; p < 0.001). No between-group difference in %MVPA during free time was found (12.85 ± 0.82%; 13.39 ± 0.84%; p = 0.64). Conclusion: The impact of individual differences in self-determined motivation on %MVPA during practices was attenuated when coaches were trained to implement activity-promoting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
| | - David A Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotions and Buffett Early Childhood Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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Mosqueda S, López-Walle JM, Gutiérrez-García P, García-Verazaluce J, Tristán J. Autonomous Motivation as a Mediator Between an Empowering Climate and Enjoyment in Male Volleyball Players. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7060153. [PMID: 31242637 PMCID: PMC6628242 DOI: 10.3390/sports7060153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to analyze a mediation model concerning the perception of an empowering climate generated by a coach and enjoyment through the autonomous motivation of athletes. The sample consisted of 71 elite male volleyball players from six countries. The age range was 14 to 18 years (M = 16.5, SD = 0.96). The relationships between the perception of an empowering climate, autonomous motivation, and enjoyment were positive and significant. The mediation model showed that autonomous motivation acts as a mediator in the relationship between the perception of an empowering climate generated by the coach and the enjoyment reported by the athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mosqueda
- Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.
| | - Jeanette M López-Walle
- Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.
| | - Pablo Gutiérrez-García
- Licenciatura en Entrenamiento Deportivo, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Hermosillo 83170, Mexico.
| | - Juan García-Verazaluce
- Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.
| | - José Tristán
- Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico.
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Farmer O, Duffy D, Cahill K, Lester D, Belton S, O’brien W. Enhancing the Evidence Base for Irish Female Youth Participation in Physical Activity—The Development of the Gaelic4Girls Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:111-23. [DOI: 10.1123/wspaj.2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current research was to gather baseline data on female youth to inform the development of a targeted physical activity (PA) and sports-based intervention, specifically identified as “Gaelic4Girls”. Cross-sectional data on PA levels, psychological correlates of PA, anthropometric characteristics, and the fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency of female youth (n = 331; M age 10.92±1.22) were collected. A subsample (n = 37) participated in focus group (FG) interviews exploring perceptions of health/sport, and identifying barriers/motivators to participation. PA levels were assessed using self-report (PA Questionnaire for Older Children) and classified as low, moderate, and high active. One- and two-way ANOVAs (post hoc Tukey honest significant difference [HSD]) were used to analyze the data. The FGs were transcribed verbatim, coded, and thematically analyzed. Findings indicated that the majority of youth (71.8%) were not meeting the minimum daily PA recommendations for health, and that 98.1% did not achieve the FMS proficiency expected for their age. Low, moderately, and highly active participants differ significantly in terms of overall FMS (p = .03), and locomotor control scores (p = .03). FG findings report fun and friendship as key PA motivators, too much competitiveness as barriers, and positive outside encouragement from family/friends/coaches as facilitators encouraging PA engagement. Findings highlight the need for targeting low levels of PA, FMS proficiency in female youth sport interventions, through addressing self-efficacy levels, inclusive of fun, and socially-stimulating PA environments.
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Balaguer I, Castillo I, Cuevas R, Atienza F. The Importance of Coaches' Autonomy Support in the Leisure Experience and Well-Being of Young Footballers. Front Psychol 2018; 9:840. [PMID: 29896146 PMCID: PMC5986906 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing on the self-determination framework, the study examined the effect of coaches' autonomy support on the leisure experience of young male football players. Specifically, a model was tested analyzing the long-term predictive power of the players' perceptions of the coaches' autonomy support at the beginning of the season on the subjective vitality of young football players at the end of the season, through needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation (IM). Moreover, we tested whether the effects of coaches' autonomy support on the aforementioned variables (needs satisfaction, IM, and subjective vitality) at the end of the season remained at the beginning of the following season. Because the coach in the second season was not the same one as in the first season, the perception of coaches' autonomy support at the beginning of the second season was used as a control variable. Three hundred and sixty football players (M age = 12.60 years; SD = 0.52) completed a questionnaire on the variables of interest at the beginning of the first season (T1), at the end of the first season (T2), and at the beginning of the second season (T3). The results of the path analyses showed that players' perceptions of coaches' autonomy support at the beginning of the season (T1) positively predicted needs satisfaction at the end of the first season (T2), which in turn predicted IM at the end of the first season (T2). Additionally, IM significantly and positively predicted subjective vitality at the end of the first season (T2). Finally, needs satisfaction, IM, and subjective vitality at the end of the second season (T2) positively predicted these same variables at the beginning of the second season (T3). Results emphasized the importance of the autonomy support offered by the coach in promoting the quality of young people's leisure experience playing football and its benefits for their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Balaguer
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Castillo
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Cuevas
- Faculty of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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García Bengoechea E, Wilson PM, Dunn S. From liability to challenge: Complex environments are associated with favorable psychosocial outcomes in adolescent sport participants. J Adolesc 2017; 58:74-83. [PMID: 28525776 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify different groups of adolescents who have distinct profiles based upon their perceptions of interpersonal and activity-based dimensions of the sport environment. A sample of 310 adolescents from Eastern Canada (Mage = 14.69 ± 1.60 years; 54.8% girls) completed questionnaires assessing selected interpersonal, activity-based, demographic and sport-specific variables. Using TwoStep Cluster Analysis, we identified three groupings of adolescent sport participants. Consistent with the literature, we labeled these groups 'negative context,' 'positive context,' and 'complex context,' respectively. As expected, participants in the last two groups reported greater enjoyment, perceived competence, and commitment to sport. Further, participants in the 'complex context' group showed the highest levels of sport commitment. We draw on insights from Csikszentmihalyi's theory of complexity and relational conceptions of compensation and resilience to interpret the findings, and offer an alternative account of contextual conditions suitable for adolescents involved in competitive sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique García Bengoechea
- Participatory Research at McGill (PRAM), Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 ch. de la Côte des-Neiges, Montreal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Footscray Park, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
| | - Philip M Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Steven Dunn
- Department of Athletics, Bishop's University, 2600 Rue College, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
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Pineda-Espejel HA, López-Walle J, Tomás I. Situational and Dispositional Factors that Predict Motivation: a Multilevel Study. Span J Psychol 2017; 20:E20. [PMID: 28357970 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test a multilevel mediation model which examined the relationship between the perceived motivational climate created by coaches at team level and motivational regulations towards sport at individual level, as mediated by individual goal orientations. 211 university athletes from 20 teams training in different types of sport completed a battery of instruments that measured the variables included in the model. The statistics significance level was .05. Results of the multilevel mediation model revealed that the task-involving climate at team level positively predicted individual task orientation (γ01 = .77, p .05). The results are in line with previous research that have focused in the study of motivational climate at individual level, but the present study make a novel contribution by providing the perspective of a multilevel mediation model and thereby clarifying the phenomenon at team level.
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