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Bertolini C, Pastres R. Identifying knowledge gaps for successful restorative aquaculture of Ostrea edulis: a bibliometric analysis. Open Res Eur 2022; 1:103. [PMID: 37645111 PMCID: PMC10446074 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14074.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Active restoration is necessary to enhance the recovery of Ostrea edulis reefs, which contribute to many ecosystem services. Restoration can be integrated within aquaculture practices, bringing positive environmental changes while maximising space utilisation. The restoration project MAREA (MAtchmaking Restoration Ecology and Aquaculture) aims to bring back O. edulis in the North-West Adriatic addressing the feasibility of its cultivation. Both successful restoration and sustainable aquaculture require a thorough understanding of the ecological needs, as the requirements of both activities need to be harmonized. Therefore, one of the preliminary activities before embarking on the pilot was the completion of a thorough literature review to identify research directions and gaps required for 'restorative aquaculture', aiming to gather the most up to date O . edulis knowledge on a global and local scale. Methods: Internet (Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar) and physical resources (libraries) were searched for all available global and local knowledge on O . edulis. Bibliometrix was used to identify the main research topics using keywords, titles, and abstracts analyses. Studies were then manually screened and summarised to extract knowledge specific to restoration and aquaculture. Results: While restoration studies are recent, evidence for the loss of this species and potential causes (and solutions) have been discussed since the end of the 19 th century. While diseases were a leading cause for reef loss, substratum limitation appears to be one of the leading limiting factors for both restoration and aquaculture of O . edulis, and was already mentioned in the early texts that were found. Conclusions: The review highlighted that restoration success and aquaculture feasibility depend upon the crucial stage of settlement. The project 'MAREA' will therefore increase its focus on this stage, both in terms of timing, location, and materials for settlement plates placement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Pastres
- DAIS, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, 30170, Italy
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Smyth DM, Horne NS, Ronayne E, Millar RV, Joyce PWS, Hayden‐Hughes M, Kregting L. Wild gregarious settlements of
Ostrea edulis
in a semi‐enclosed sea lough: a case study for unassisted restoration. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Smyth
- School of Natural and Built EnvironmentDavid Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, BT9 6AX U.K
- Centre of Applied Marine Sciences, School of Ocean ScienceBangor University Bangor LL59 5AB U.K
| | - Nicholas S. Horne
- School of Natural and Built EnvironmentDavid Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, BT9 6AX U.K
| | - Elli Ronayne
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC)Galway‐Mayo Institute of Technology Galway Ireland
| | - Rachel V. Millar
- School of Natural and Built EnvironmentDavid Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, BT9 6AX U.K
| | - Patrick W. S. Joyce
- School of Natural and Built EnvironmentDavid Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, BT9 6AX U.K
- Danish Shellfish Centre, DTU Aqua Øroddevej 80, 7900 Nykøbing Mors Denmark
| | | | - Louise Kregting
- School of Natural and Built EnvironmentDavid Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, BT9 6AX U.K
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Thorngren L, Bergström P, Dunér Holthuis T, Lindegarth M. Assessment of the population of Ostrea edulis in Sweden: A marginal population of significance? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13877-13888. [PMID: 31938488 PMCID: PMC6953678 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The European flat oyster Ostrea edulis is an economically and ecologically important species subjected to extensive protection and restoration efforts, due to sharp population declines in Europe. In Sweden, O. edulis occurs at the northern fringe of its range. Knowledge of the distribution and abundance of the species is limited, and the size of the population has never been estimated. Oyster fishery sustainability has never been assessed.Using a random sampling approach and towed video, we collected data on oyster occurrence at 435 sites to estimate abundance and distribution of O. edulis in the Swedish Skagerrak region. Furthermore, the size of the population was assessed and the current management and legislation strategy of the species was analyzed.Living O. edulis was found in 27% of all sampled sites above 6 m, and the size of the population was estimated to 36.6 ± 16.3 million individuals (total population ± SE). The distribution was patchy, and approximately 60% of the population was found in oyster bed densities (≥5 oysters/m2), which corresponds to around 1% of the sampled sites.The nondestructive sampling method and representative design provided useful estimates of population size and error, which indicate that the marginal population of O. edulis in Sweden constitutes a significant part of the remaining European population. We argue that the relatively good status of the Swedish population can be explained by (a) private ownership of fishing rights, (b) a small-scale fishery that exploits <0.5% of the estimated population annually, conducted using nondestructive methods, and (c) parasite-free waters, potentially due to effective prevention of spread of infection. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally-shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://osf.io/jgpxw/?view_only=d070b45802a4426da028efffde3d0f76.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Thorngren
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Per Bergström
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | - Mats Lindegarth
- Department of Marine Sciences TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
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Fariñas-Franco JM, Allcock AL, Roberts D. Protection alone may not promote natural recovery of biogenic habitats of high biodiversity damaged by mobile fishing gears. Mar Environ Res 2018; 135:18-28. [PMID: 29402517 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The horse mussel Modiolus modiolus (L.) is a large marine bivalve that aggregates to create complex habitats of high biodiversity. As a keystone species, M. modiolus is of great importance for the functioning of marine benthic ecosystems, forming biogenic habitats used to designate Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The present study investigates the condition of M. modiolus beds historically subjected to intense scallop fishing using mobile fishing gears. The study, conducted seven years after the introduction of legislation banning all forms of fishing, aimed to establish whether natural habitat recovery occurs after protection measures are put in place. Lower biodiversity and up to 80% decline in densities of M. modiolus were recorded across the current distributional range of the species in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland. The decline in biodiversity in most areas surveyed was consistent with that observed in biogenic reefs impacted by mobile fishing gears elsewhere. Epifauna, including sponges, hydroids and tunicates, experienced the most substantial decline in biodiversity, with up to 64% fewer taxa recorded in 2010 compared with 2003. Higher variability in community composition and a shift towards faunal assemblages dominated by opportunistic infaunal species typical of softer substrata were also detected. Based on these observations we suggest that, for biogenic habitats, the designation of MPAs and the introduction of fishing bans alone may not be sufficient to reverse or halt the negative effects caused by past anthropogenic impacts. Direct intervention, including habitat restoration based on translocation of native keystone species, should be considered as part of management strategies for MPAs which host similar biogenic reef habitats where condition and natural recovery have been compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Fariñas-Franco
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - A Louise Allcock
- School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dai Roberts
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Bayne B. Oysters and the Ecosystem. Biology of Oysters. Elsevier; 2017. pp. 703-834. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803472-9.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Smyth D, Al-Maslamani I, Chatting M, Giraldes B. Benthic surveys of the historic pearl oyster beds of Qatar reveal a dramatic ecological change. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 113:147-155. [PMID: 27614563 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to confirm the presence of historic oyster banks of Qatar and code the biotopes present. The research also collated historical records and scientific publications to create a timeline of fishery activity. The oyster banks where once an extremely productive economic resource however, intense overfishing, extreme environmental conditions and anthropogenic impacts caused a fishery collapse. The timeline highlighted the vulnerability of ecosystem engineering bivalves if overexploited. The current status of the oyster banks meant only one site could be described as oyster dominant. This was unexpected as the sites were located in areas which once supported a highly productive oyster fishery. The research revealed the devastating effect that anthropogenic impacts can have on a relatively robust marine habitat like an oyster bed and it is hoped these findings will act as a driver to investigate and map other vulnerable habitats within the region before they too become compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Smyth
- Environmental Studies Center (ESC), Qatar University (QA), Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - I Al-Maslamani
- Environmental Studies Center (ESC), Qatar University (QA), Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - M Chatting
- Environmental Studies Center (ESC), Qatar University (QA), Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - B Giraldes
- Environmental Studies Center (ESC), Qatar University (QA), Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
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Zwerschke N, Emmerson MC, Roberts D, O'Connor NE. Benthic assemblages associated with native and non-native oysters are similar. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 111:305-310. [PMID: 27377003 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species can impact native species and alter assemblage structure, which affects associated ecosystem functioning. The pervasive Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has been shown to affect the diversity and composition of many host ecosystems. We tested for effects of the presence of the invasive C. gigas on native assemblages by comparing them directly to assemblages associated with the declining native European oyster, Ostrea edulis. The presence of both oyster species was manipulated in intertidal and subtidal habitats and reefs were constructed at horizontal and vertical orientation to the substratum. After 12months, species diversity and benthic assemblage structure between assemblages with C. gigas and O. edulis were similar, but differed between habitats and orientation, suggesting that both oyster species were functionally similar in terms of biodiversity facilitation. These findings support evidence, that non-native species could play an important role in maintaining biodiversity in systems with declining populations of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadescha Zwerschke
- Queen's University Belfast Marine Laboratory, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark C Emmerson
- Queen's University Belfast Marine Laboratory, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Dai Roberts
- Queen's University Belfast Marine Laboratory, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Nessa E O'Connor
- Queen's University Belfast Marine Laboratory, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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Lotze HK, Coll M, Magera AM, Ward-Paige C, Airoldi L. Recovery of marine animal populations and ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 2011; 26:595-605. [PMID: 21852017 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many marine populations and ecosystems have experienced strong historical depletions, yet reports of recoveries are increasing. Here, we review the growing research on marine recoveries to reveal how common recovery is, its magnitude, timescale and major drivers. Overall, 10-50% of depleted populations and ecosystems show some recovery, but rarely to former levels of abundance. In addition, recovery can take many decades for long-lived species and complex ecosystems. Major drivers of recovery include the reduction of human impacts, especially exploitation, habitat loss and pollution, combined with favorable life-history and environmental conditions. Awareness, legal protection and enforcement of management plans are also crucial. Learning from historical recovery successes and failures is essential for implementing realistic conservation goals and promising management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike K Lotze
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Beck MW, Brumbaugh RD, Airoldi L, Carranza A, Coen LD, Crawford C, Defeo O, Edgar GJ, Hancock B, Kay MC, Lenihan HS, Luckenbach MW, Toropova CL, Zhang G, Guo X. Oyster Reefs at Risk and Recommendations for Conservation, Restoration, and Management. Bioscience 2011. [DOI: 10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Guy C, Roberts D. Can the spread of non-native oysters (Crassostrea gigas) at the early stages of population expansion be managed? Mar Pollut Bull 2010; 60:1059-1064. [PMID: 20189606 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was introduced into Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland in the 1970s. It was assumed that local environmental conditions would not facilitate successful reproduction. However, in the 1990s there were reports of C. gigas outside licensed aquaculture sites and this investigation set out to ascertain the current distribution, years of likely recruitment and population structure of the species. C. gigas were found distributed widely throughout the northern basin during surveys; the frequency distribution suggesting C. gigas is not recruiting every year. Establishment of feral populations of C. gigas elsewhere have linked to habitat change. A pilot cull was initiated to assess the success rate of early intervention. This paper demonstrates the potential benefits of responding rapidly to initial reports of non-native species in a way that may curtail establishment and expansion. The method advocated in simple and can be recommended to the appropriate regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guy
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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