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Kim HS, Noh MH, White EM, Kandefer MV, Wright AF, Datta D, Lim HG, Smiggs E, Locklin JJ, Rahman MA, Feist AM, Pokorski JK. Biocomposite thermoplastic polyurethanes containing evolved bacterial spores as living fillers to facilitate polymer disintegration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3338. [PMID: 38688899 PMCID: PMC11061138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of hybrid engineered living materials seeks to pair living organisms with synthetic materials to generate biocomposite materials with augmented function since living systems can provide highly-programmable and complex behavior. Engineered living materials have typically been fabricated using techniques in benign aqueous environments, limiting their application. In this work, biocomposite fabrication is demonstrated in which spores from polymer-degrading bacteria are incorporated into a thermoplastic polyurethane using high-temperature melt extrusion. Bacteria are engineered using adaptive laboratory evolution to improve their heat tolerance to ensure nearly complete cell survivability during manufacturing at 135 °C. Furthermore, the overall tensile properties of spore-filled thermoplastic polyurethanes are substantially improved, resulting in a significant improvement in toughness. The biocomposites facilitate disintegration in compost in the absence of a microbe-rich environment. Finally, embedded spores demonstrate a rationally programmed function, expressing green fluorescent protein. This research provides a scalable method to fabricate advanced biocomposite materials in industrially-compatible processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Myung Hyun Noh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30 Jongga-ro, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Evan M White
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Austin F Wright
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Debika Datta
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ethan Smiggs
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jason J Locklin
- New Materials Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Thermoplastic Polyurethane Research, BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Ave., Wyandotte, MI, 48192, USA.
| | - Adam M Feist
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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2
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Romero-Contreras YJ, González-Serrano F, Bello-López E, Formey D, Aragón W, Cevallos MÁ, Rebollar EA, Serrano M. Bacteria from the skin of amphibians promote growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum by modifying hormone-related transcriptome response. Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:39. [PMID: 38615069 PMCID: PMC11016013 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants and microorganisms establish beneficial associations that can improve their development and growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that bacteria isolated from the skin of amphibians can contribute to plant growth and defense. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effect for the host are still unclear. In this work, we explored whether bacteria isolated from three tropical frogs species can contribute to plant growth. After a wide screening, we identified three bacterial strains with high biostimulant potential, capable of modifying the root structure of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, applying individual bacterial cultures to Solanum lycopersicum plants induced an increase in their growth. To understand the effect that these microorganisms have over the host plant, we analysed the transcriptomic profile of A. thaliana during the interaction with the C32I bacterium, demonstrating that the presence of the bacteria elicits a transcriptional response associated to plant hormone biosynthesis. Our results show that amphibian skin bacteria can function as biostimulants to improve agricultural crops growth and development by modifying the plant transcriptomic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan J Romero-Contreras
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | | | - Elena Bello-López
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino s/n, 30798, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eria A Rebollar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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3
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Etesami H, Glick BR. Bacterial indole-3-acetic acid: A key regulator for plant growth, plant-microbe interactions, and agricultural adaptive resilience. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127602. [PMID: 38228017 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a fundamental phytohormone categorized under auxins, not only influences plant growth and development but also plays a critical role in plant-microbe interactions. This study reviews the role of IAA in bacteria-plant communication, with a focus on its biosynthesis, regulation, and the subsequent effects on host plants. Bacteria synthesize IAA through multiple pathways, which include the indole-3-acetamide (IAM), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and several other routes, whose full mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The production of bacterial IAA affects root architecture, nutrient uptake, and resistance to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity, enhancing plant resilience and thus offering promising routes to sustainable agriculture. Bacterial IAA synthesis is regulated through complex gene networks responsive to environmental cues, impacting plant hormonal balances and symbiotic relationships. Pathogenic bacteria have adapted mechanisms to manipulate the host's IAA dynamics, influencing disease outcomes. On the other hand, beneficial bacteria utilize IAA to promote plant growth and mitigate abiotic stresses, thereby enhancing nutrient use efficiency and reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers. Advancements in analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have improved the quantification of bacterial IAA, enabling accurate measurement and analysis. Future research focusing on molecular interactions between IAA-producing bacteria and host plants could facilitate the development of biotechnological applications that integrate beneficial bacteria to improve crop performance, which is essential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change and ensuring global food security. This integration of bacterial IAA producers into agricultural practice promises to revolutionize crop management strategies by enhancing growth, fostering resilience, and reducing environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Soil Science Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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4
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Shi C, Zeng S, Gao X, Hussain M, He M, Niu X, Wei C, Yang R, Lan M, Xie Y, Wang Z, Wu G, Tang P. Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Bacillus subtilis MC4-2 Strain That against Tobacco Black Shank Disease. Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:8846747. [PMID: 38567257 PMCID: PMC10985647 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8846747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The MC4-2 bacterium strain was isolated and purified from the Periplaneta americana intestine as a biocontrol agent with good antagonistic effect against the pathogens of a soil-borne disease called tobacco black shank. The MC4-2 strain was found to have good broad-spectrum inhibition by plate stand-off test. Based on 16S rRNA and gyrB genes, ANI analysis, and other comparative genomics methods, it was determined that the MC4-2 strain was Bacillus subtilis. The complete genome sequence showed that the genome size was 4,076,630 bp, the average GC content was 43.78%, and the total number of CDSs was 4,207. Genomic prediction analysis revealed that a total of 145 genes were annotated by the CAZy, containing mainly GH and CE enzymes that break down carbohydrates such as glucose, chitin, starch, and alginate, and a large number of enzymes involved in glycosylation were present. A total of ten secondary metabolite clusters were predicted, six clusters of which were annotated as surfactin, bacillaene, fengycin, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, and bacilysin. The present investigation found the biological control mechanism of B. subtilis MC4-2, which provides a strong theoretical basis for the best use of this strain in biological control methods and provides a reference for the subsequent development of agents of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shuquan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mehboob Hussain
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mingchuan He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xurong Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Congcong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mingxian Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yonghui Xie
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Company, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Company, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Dinango VN, Dhouib H, Wakam LN, Kouokap LK, Youmbi DY, Eke P, Driss F, Tounsi S, Boyom FF, Frikha-Gargouri O. Bacterial endophytes inhabiting desert plants provide protection against seed rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides and promote growth in maize. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1206-1218. [PMID: 37886813 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium maize ear and root rot disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides has become one of the most serious fungal diseases associated with maize production. Due to their abilities to promote plant development and manage diseases, bacterial endophytes provide a more promising approach for treating this vascular disease. RESULTS This work was undertaken for the selection and identification of promising isolates as plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents against F. verticillioides in maize agroecosystems. A screening procedure consisting of in vitro and in situ tests was applied to 27 endophytic strains originating from desert plants: Euphorbia antiquorum, Calotropis procera, and Alcasia albida. In vitro studies indicated that the bacteria exhibited variable results in biocontrol, endophytism, and plant growth-promoting traits. In addition, in situ plant growth promotion and biocontrol experiments allowed the identification of the most promising bacterial endophytes. In vitro and in situ comparative study results indicated a low correlation. Our data revealed that in situ screening must be used as the method of selection of biocontrol agents against Fusarium ear and root rot disease. Based on in situ results, seven potent strains were selected and identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus tequilensis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the selected strains seem to be promising candidates to be exploited as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents against Fusarium maize ear and root rot disease. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nya Dinango
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hanen Dhouib
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Louise Nana Wakam
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lanvin Kepngop Kouokap
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Diane Yimta Youmbi
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Eke
- College of Technology, Department of Crop Production Technology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Fatma Driss
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Tounsi
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial & Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Olfa Frikha-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Jagadeesan Y, Meenakshisundaram S, Pichaimuthu S, Balaiah A. A scientific version of understanding "Why did the chickens cross the road"? - A guided journey through Bacillus spp. towards sustainable agriculture, circular economy and biofortification. Environ Res 2024; 244:117907. [PMID: 38109965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The world, a famished planet with an overgrowing population, requires enormous food crops. This scenario compelled the farmers to use a high quantity of synthetic fertilizers for high food crop productivity. However, prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers results in severe adverse effects on soil and water quality. On the other hand, the growing population significantly consumes large quantities of poultry meats. Eventually, this produces a mammoth amount of poultry waste, chicken feathers. Owing to the protein value of the chicken feathers, these wastes are converted into protein hydrolysate and further extend their application as biostimulants for sustained agriculture. The protein profile of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) produced through Bacillus spp. was the maximum compared to physical and chemical protein extraction methods. Several studies proved that the application of CFPH and active Bacillus spp. culture to soil and plants results in enhanced plant growth, phytochemical constituents, crop yield, soil nutrients, fertility, microbiome and resistance against diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Overall, "CFPH - Jack of all trades" and "Bacillus spp. - an active camouflage to the surroundings where they applied showed profound and significant benefits to the plant growth under the most adverse conditions. In addition, Bacillus spp. coheres the biofortification process in plants through the breakdown of metals into metal ions that eventually increase the nutrient value of the food crops. However, detailed information on them is missing. This can be overcome by further real-world studies on rhizoengineering through a multi-omics approach and their interaction with plants. This review has explored the best possible and efficient strategy for managing chicken feather wastes into protein-rich CFPH through Bacillus spp. bioconversion and utilizing the CFPH and Bacillus spp. as biostimulants, biofertilizers, biopesticides and biofortificants. This paper is an excellent report on organic waste management, circular economy and sustainable agriculture research frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Shanmugapriya Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Suthakaran Pichaimuthu
- Genprotic Biopharma Private Limited, SPIC Bioprocess Laboratory, Anna University, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600113, India.
| | - Anandaraj Balaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
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7
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Fu M, Qu Z, Pierre-Pierre N, Jiang D, Souza FL, Miklas PN, Porter LD, Vandemark GJ, Chen W. Exploring the Mycovirus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Hypovirulence-Associated DNA Virus 1 as a Biocontrol Agent of White Mold Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis 2024; 108:624-634. [PMID: 37743591 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1458-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing white mold on many important economic crops. Recently, some mycoviruses such as S. sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1) converted S. sclerotiorum into a beneficial symbiont that helps plants manage pathogens and other stresses. To explore the potential use of SsHADV-1 as a biocontrol agent in the United States and to test the efficacy of SsHADV-1-infected United States isolates in managing white mold and other crop diseases, SsHADV-1 was transferred from the Chinese strain DT-8 to United States isolates of S. sclerotiorum. SsHADV-1 is readily transmitted horizontally among United States isolates of S. sclerotiorum and consistently conferred hypovirulence to its host strains. Biopriming of dry bean seeds with hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum strains enhanced resistance to white mold, gray mold, and Rhizoctonia root rot. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, endophytic growth of hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum in dry beans was confirmed using PCR, and the expression of 12 plant defense-related genes were monitored before and after infection. The results indicated that the endophytic growth of SsHADV-1-infected strains in plants stimulated the expression of plant immunity pathway genes that assisted a rapid response from the plant to fungal infection. Finally, application of the seed biopriming technology with SsHADV-1-infected hypervirulent strain has promise for the biological control of several diseases of wheat, pea, and sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zheng Qu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nickisha Pierre-Pierre
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Daohong Jiang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fernanda L Souza
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - Phillip N Miklas
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - Lyndon D Porter
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A
| | - George J Vandemark
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
| | - Weidong Chen
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA 99164, U.S.A
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8
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Afridi MS, Kumar A, Javed MA, Dubey A, de Medeiros FHV, Santoyo G. Harnessing root exudates for plant microbiome engineering and stress resistance in plants. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127564. [PMID: 38071833 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect plant's growth and production. Under stress, one of the main responses of plants is the modulation of exudates excreted in the rhizosphere, which consequently leads to alterations in the resident microbiota. Thus, the exudates discharged into the rhizospheric environment play a preponderant role in the association and formation of plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the latest and most pertinent literature on the diverse biochemical and structural compositions of plant root exudates. Also, this work investigates into their multifaceted role in microbial nutrition and intricate signaling processes within the rhizosphere, which includes quorum-sensing molecules. Specifically, it explores the contributions of low molecular weight compounds, such as carbohydrates, phenolics, organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, as well as the significance of high molecular weight compounds, including proteins and polysaccharides. It also discusses the state-of-the-art omics strategies that unveil the vital role of root exudates in plant-microbiome interactions, including defense against pathogens like nematodes and fungi. We propose multiple challenges and perspectives, including exploiting plant root exudates for host-mediated microbiome engineering. In this discourse, root exudates and their derived interactions with the rhizospheric microbiota should receive greater attention due to their positive influence on plant health and stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, CP3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | | | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030 Morelia, Mexico.
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Patani A, Patel M, Islam S, Yadav VK, Prajapati D, Yadav AN, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Recent advances in Bacillus-mediated plant growth enhancement: a paradigm shift in redefining crop resilience. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:77. [PMID: 38253986 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The Bacillus genus has emerged as an important player in modern agriculture, revolutionizing plant growth promotion through recent advances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the critical role Bacillus species play in boosting plant growth and agricultural sustainability. Bacillus genus bacteria benefit plants in a variety of ways, according to new research. Nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and the production of growth hormones are examples of these. Bacillus species are also well-known for their ability to act as biocontrol agents, reducing phytopathogens and protecting plants from disease. Molecular biology advances have increased our understanding of the complex interplay between Bacillus species and plants, shedding light on the genetic and metabolic underpinnings of these interactions. Furthermore, novel biotechnology techniques have enabled the development of Bacillus-based biofertilizers and biopesticides, providing sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical inputs. Apart from this, the combination of biochar and Bacillus species in current biotechnology is critical for improving soil fertility and encouraging sustainable agriculture through enhanced nutrient retention and plant growth. This review also emphasizes the Bacillus genus bacteria's ability to alleviate environmental abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, hence contributing to climate-resilient agriculture. Moreover, the authors discuss the challenges and prospects associated with the practical application of Bacillus-based solutions in the field. Finally, recent advances in Bacillus-mediated plant growth promotion highlight their critical significance in sustainable agriculture. Understanding these improvements is critical for realizing the full potential of Bacillus genus microorganisms to address current global food production concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Margi Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, 384265, India
| | - Shaikhul Islam
- Plant Pathology Division, Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, 384265, India
| | - Dharmendra Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. KSG Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, 384265, India.
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Mao Q, Xie Z, Pinzon-Nuñez DA, Issaka S, Liu T, Zhang L, Irshad S. Leptolyngbya sp. XZMQ and Bacillus XZM co-inoculation reduced sunflower arsenic toxicity by regulating rhizosphere microbial structure and enzyme activity. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:123001. [PMID: 38000723 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are of great significance for arsenic (As) toxicity amelioration in plants as soil fertility is directly affected by microbes. In this study, we innovatively explored the effects of indigenous cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya sp. XZMQ) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Bacillus XZM) on the growth and As absorption of sunflower plants from As-contaminated soil. Results showed that single inoculation and co-inoculation stimulated the growth of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.), enhanced enzyme activities, and reduced As contents. In comparison to the control group, single innoculation of microalgae and bacteria in the rhizosphere increased extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by 21.99% and 14.36%, respectively, whereas co-inoculation increased them by 35%. Compared with the non-inoculated group, As concentration in the roots, stems and leaves of sunflower plants decreased by 38%, 70% and 41%, respectively, under co-inoculation conditions. Inoculation of Leptolyngbya sp. XZMQ significantly increased the abundance of nifH in soil, while co-inoculation of cyanobacteria and Bacillus XZM significantly increased the abundance of cbbL, indicating that the coupling of Leptolyngbya sp. XZMQ and Bacillus XZM could stimulate the activity of nitrogen-fixing and carbon-fixing microorganisms and increased soil fertility. Moreover, this co-inoculation increased the enzyme activities (catalase, sucrase, urease) in the rhizosphere soil of sunflower and reduced the toxic effect of As on plant. Among these, the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased. Meanwhile, co-inoculation enables cyanobacteria and bacteria to attach and entangle in the root area of the plant and develop as symbiotic association, which reduced As toxicity. Co-inoculation increased the abundance of aioA, arrA, arsC, and arsM genes in soil, especially the abundance of microorganisms with aioA and arsM, which reduced the mobility and bioavailability of As in soil, hence, reduced the absorption of As by plants. This study provides a theoretical basis for soil microbial remediation in mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zuoming Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | | | - Sakinatu Issaka
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Taikun Liu
- Linyi Vocational University of Science and Technology, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sana Irshad
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 51806, China
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11
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Valencia-Marin MF, Chávez-Avila S, Guzmán-Guzmán P, Orozco-Mosqueda MDC, de Los Santos-Villalobos S, Glick BR, Santoyo G. Survival strategies of Bacillus spp. in saline soils: Key factors to promote plant growth and health. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108303. [PMID: 38128850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic factors that affects agricultural production worldwide. Because of saline stress, plants face physiological changes that have negative impacts on the various stages of their development, so the employment of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is one effective means to reduce such toxic effects. Bacteria of the Bacillus genus are excellent PGPB and have been extensively studied, but what traits makes them so extraordinary to adapt and survive under harsh situations? In this work we review the Bacillus' innate abilities to survive in saline stressful soils, such as the production osmoprotectant compounds, antioxidant enzymes, exopolysaccharides, and the modification of their membrane lipids. Other survival abilities are also discussed, such as sporulation or a reduced growth state under the scope of a functional interaction in the rhizosphere. Thus, the most recent evidence shows that these saline adaptive activities are important in plant-associated bacteria to potentially protect, direct and indirect plant growth-stimulating activities. Additionally, recent advances on the mechanisms used by Bacillus spp. to improve the growth of plants under saline stress are addressed, including genomic and transcriptomic explorations. Finally, characterization and selection of Bacillus strains with efficient survival strategies are key factors in ameliorating saline problems in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Valencia-Marin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58030, Mexico
| | - Salvador Chávez-Avila
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58030, Mexico
| | - Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58030, Mexico
| | - Ma Del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica y Ambiental, Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, 38010 Celaya, Gto, Mexico
| | | | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich. 58030, Mexico.
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12
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Lastochkina O, Yuldashev R, Avalbaev A, Allagulova C, Veselova S. The Contribution of Hormonal Changes to the Protective Effect of Endophytic Bacterium Bacillus subtilis on Two Wheat Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Sensitivities under Osmotic Stress. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2955. [PMID: 38138099 PMCID: PMC10745732 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of seed priming with endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis 10-4 (BS) on the hormonal system and cell wall tolerance (lipid peroxidation (LPO), electrolyte leakage (EL), and root lignin deposition) of two Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) varieties with contrasting drought sensitivities (Ekada 70-drought-tolerant (DT); Salavat Yulaev-drought-sensitive (DS)) under normal conditions and 12% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. The results showed that under normal conditions, the growth stimulation in wheat plants by BS was attributed to changes in the hormonal balance, particularly an increase in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation. However, under stress, a significant hormonal imbalance was observed in wheat seedlings, characterized by a pronounced accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and a decrease in the levels of IAA and cytokinins (CK). These effects were reflected in the inhibition of plant growth. BS exhibited a protective effect on stressed plants, as evidenced by a significantly lower amplitude of stress-induced changes in the hormonal system: maintaining the content of IAA at a level close to the control, reducing stress-induced ABA accumulation, and preventing CK depletion. These effects were further reflected in the normalization of growth parameters in dehydrated seedlings, as well as a decrease in leaf chlorophyll degradation, LPO, and EL, along with an increase in lignin deposition in the basal part of the roots in both genotypes. Overall, the findings demonstrate that BS, producing phytohormones, specifically IAA and ABA, had a more pronounced protective effect on DT plants, as evidenced by a smaller amplitude of stress-induced hormonal changes, higher leaf chlorophyll content, root lignin deposition, and lower cell membrane damage (LPO) and permeability (EL) compared to DS plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lastochkina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics—Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia (A.A.); (S.V.)
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13
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Ajijah N, Fiodor A, Dziurzynski M, Stasiuk R, Pawlowska J, Dziewit L, Pranaw K. Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas protegens ML15 against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold on postharvest tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1288408. [PMID: 38143572 PMCID: PMC10748600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1288408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major cause of post-harvest rot of fresh fruits and vegetables. The utilization of selected microorganisms as biocontrol agents is a promising alternative to effectively control gray mold on tomatoes. The current study was conducted to explore potential biocontrol mechanisms of the Pseudomonas strain to control infections on post-harvest tomatoes. Among the 8 tested bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas protegens ML15 demonstrated antagonistic activity to Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, P. protegens ML15 exhibited the production of siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, exopolysaccharides, lipase, biosurfactant, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, and several other antifungal compounds, such as 1-tetradecanol, cyclododecane, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and 2-methyl-1-hexadecanol. A comprehensive genomic analysis of P. protegens ML15 unravels 18 distinct genetic regions with the potential for biosynthesizing secondary metabolites, known for their pivotal role in biocontrol responses against plant pathogens. In vivo, experiments showed that both culture suspension and cell-free supernatant of P. protegens ML15 significantly reduced fungal growth (53.0 ± 0.63%) and mitigated disease development (52.8 ± 1.5%) in cherry tomatoes at four days post-B. cinerea inoculation. During the infection, the application of P. protegens ML15 resulted in the augmentation of total antioxidant, phenolic content, and ascorbic acids content. Thus, our results suggested that P. protegens ML15's role as a biocontrol agent against B. cinerea-induced postharvest tomato decay achieved through the secretion of antifungal substances, induction of tomato defense responses, and inhibition of mycelial growth of B. cinerea. These findings provide a significant contribution to the ongoing search for alternative, eco-friendly methods of controlling gray mold in fresh products. The utilization of P. protegens ML15 as a biocontrol agent could help to reduce the reliance on chemical fungicides and promote sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ajijah
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Fiodor
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Dziurzynski
- Department of Biology (DBIO), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert Stasiuk
- Department of Geomicrobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Pawlowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Zhang N, Wang Z, Shao J, Xu Z, Liu Y, Xun W, Miao Y, Shen Q, Zhang R. Biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus: Improving the efficiency of green agriculture. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2250-2263. [PMID: 37837627 PMCID: PMC10686189 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Bacillus have been widely used for the biocontrol of plant diseases in the demand for sustainable agricultural development. New mechanisms underlying Bacillus biocontrol activity have been revealed with the development of microbiome and microbe-plant interaction research. In this review, we first briefly introduce the typical Bacillus biocontrol mechanisms, such as the production of antimicrobial compounds, competition for niches/nutrients, and induction of systemic resistance. Then, we discussed in detail the new mechanisms of pathogen quorum sensing interference and reshaping of the soil microbiota. The "cry for help" mechanism was also introduced, in which plants can release specific signals under pathogen attack to recruit biocontrol Bacillus for root colonization against invasion. Finally, two emerging strategies for enhancing the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus agents, including the construction of synthetic microbial consortia and the application of rhizosphere-derived prebiotics, were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiahui Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi‐arid Arable Land in Northern China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weibing Xun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Youzhi Miao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic WastesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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15
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Khan S, Srivastava S, Karnwal A, Malik T. Streptomyces as a promising biological control agents for plant pathogens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285543. [PMID: 38033592 PMCID: PMC10682734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms in agriculture present a considerable obstacle, resulting in approximately 30-40% crop damage. The use of conventional techniques to manage these microorganisms, i.e., applying chemical pesticides and antimicrobials, has been discovered to have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Furthermore, these methods have contributed to the emergence of resistance among phytopathogens. Consequently, it has become imperative to investigate natural alternatives to address this issue. The Streptomyces genus of gram-positive bacteria is a potentially viable natural alternative that has been extensively researched due to its capacity to generate diverse antimicrobial compounds, such as metabolites and organic compounds. Scientists globally use diverse approaches and methodologies to extract new bioactive compounds from these bacteria. The efficacy of bioactive compounds in mitigating various phytopathogens that pose a significant threat to crops and plants has been demonstrated. Hence, the Streptomyces genus exhibits potential as a biological control agent for combating plant pathogens. This review article aims to provide further insight into the Streptomyces genus as a source of antimicrobial compounds that can potentially be a biological control against plant pathogens. The investigation of various bioactive compounds synthesized by this genus can enhance our comprehension of their prospective utilization in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Khan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Seweta Srivastava
- School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Karnwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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16
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Lovecká P, Kroneislová G, Novotná Z, Röderová J, Demnerová K. Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Miscanthus giganteus and Their Antifungal Activity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2710. [PMID: 38004722 PMCID: PMC10672898 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern technologies can satisfy human needs only with the use of large quantities of fertilizers and pesticides that are harmful to the environment. For this reason, it is possible to develop new technologies for sustainable agriculture. The process could be carried out by using endophytic microorganisms with a (possible) positive effect on plant vitality. Bacterial endophytes have been reported as plant growth promoters in several kinds of plants under normal and stressful conditions. In this study, isolates of bacterial endophytes from the roots and leaves of Miscanthus giganteus plants were tested for the presence of plant growth-promoting properties and their ability to inhibit pathogens of fungal origin. Selected bacterial isolates were able to solubilize inorganic phosphorus, fix nitrogen, and produce phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, and siderophore. Leaf bacterial isolate Pantoea ananat is 50 OL 2 had high production of siderophores (zone ≥ 5 mm), and limited phytohormone production, and was the only one to show ACC deaminase activity. The root bacterial isolate of Pseudomonas libanensis 5 OK 7A showed the best results in phytohormone production (N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine and indole-3-acetic acid, 11.7 and 12.6 ng·mL-1, respectively). Four fungal cultures-Fusarium sporotrichioides DBM 4330, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SS-1, Botrytis cinerea DS 90 and Sphaerodes fimicola DS 93-were used to test the antifungal activity of selected bacterial isolates. These fungal cultures represent pathogenic families, especially for crops. All selected root endophyte isolates inhibited the pathogenic growth of all tested fungi with inhibition percentages ranging from 30 to 60%. Antifungal activity was also tested in two forms of immobilization of selected bacterial isolates: one in agar and the other on dextrin-coated cellulose carriers. These results demonstrated that the endophytic Pseudomonas sp. could be used as biofertilizers for crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lovecká
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kroneislová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Novotná
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Röderová
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Demnerová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Priyanto JA, Prastya ME, Astuti RI, Kristiana R. The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of the Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Archidendron pauciflorum against Multidrug-Resistant Strains. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6653-6674. [PMID: 36913097 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes associated with medicinal plants are a potential source of valuable natural products. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of endophytic bacteria from Archidendron pauciflorum against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. A total of 24 endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaf, root, and stem of A. pauciflorum. Seven isolates showed antibacterial activity with different spectra against four MDR strains. Extracts derived from four selected isolates (1 mg/mL) also displayed antibacterial activity. Among four selected isolates, DJ4 and DJ9 isolates exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa strain M18, as indicated by the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (DJ4 and DJ9 MIC: 7.81 µg/mL; DJ4 and DJ9 MBC: 31.25 µg/mL). 2 × MIC of DJ4 and DJ9 extracts was found to be the most effective concentration to inhibit more than 52% of biofilm formation and eradicate more than 42% of established biofilm against all MDR strains. 16S rRNA-based identification revealed four selected isolates belong to the genus Bacillus. DJ9 isolate possessed nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene, and DJ4 isolate possessed NRPS and polyketide synthase type I (PKS I) gene. Both these genes are commonly responsible for secondary metabolites synthesis. Several antimicrobial compounds, including 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-anthraquinone and paenilamicin A1, were detected in the bacterial extracts. This study highlights endophytic bacteria isolated from A. pauciflorum provide a great source of novel antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jepri Agung Priyanto
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Eka Prastya
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong, Indonesia
| | - Rika Indri Astuti
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rhesi Kristiana
- Indonesian Marine Education and Research Organisation (MERO) Foundation, Br. Dinas Muntig, Bali, Indonesia
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18
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Vitt JD, Hansen EG, Garg R, Bowden SD. Bacteria intrinsic to Medicago sativa (alfalfa) reduce Salmonella enterica growth in planta. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad204. [PMID: 37669894 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to determine whether plant-associated bacteria (PAB) can reduce Salmonella enterica colonization and infection of alfalfa sprouts to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. METHODS We isolated PAB from alfalfa seeds and sprouts. Monoclonal isolates of the bacteria were obtained and tested for their ability to inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium growth in alfalfa sprouts over 6 days. Genome sequencing and annotation were used to construct draft genomes of the bacteria isolated in this study using Illumina sequencing platform. RESULTS We observed that a cocktail of five PAB could reduce Salmonella growth in alfalfa sprouts from ∼108 to ∼105 CFU g-1, demonstrating a protective role. Genome sequencing revealed that these bacteria were members of the Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Priestia genus, and did not possess genes that were pathogenic to plants or animals. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that PAB can be utilized to reduce pathogen levels in fresh produce, which may be synergistic with other technologies to improve the safety of sprouts and other fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Vitt
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Eleanore G Hansen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Raghav Garg
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Steven D Bowden
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
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19
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Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Maqsood MF, Mohy-Ud-Din W, Shabaan M, Ahmad M, Kaleem M, Ishfaq M, Aslam Z, Shahzad B. Recent Advances in Microbial-Assisted Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3147. [PMID: 37687393 PMCID: PMC10490184 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) is a severe concern for the developing world due to its non-biodegradability and significant potential to damage the ecosystem and associated services. Industries such as mining, manufacturing, building, etc., rapidly produce a substantial amount of Cd, posing environmental risks. Cd toxicity in crop plants decreases nutrient and water uptake and translocation, increases oxidative damage, interferes with plant metabolism and inhibits plant morphology and physiology. However, various conventional physicochemical approaches are available to remove Cd from the soil, including chemical reduction, immobilization, stabilization and electro-remediation. Nevertheless, these processes are costly and unfriendly to the environment because they require much energy, skilled labor and hazardous chemicals. In contrasting, contaminated soils can be restored by using bioremediation techniques, which use plants alone and in association with different beneficial microbes as cutting-edge approaches. This review covers the bioremediation of soils contaminated with Cd in various new ways. The bioremediation capability of bacteria and fungi alone and in combination with plants are studied and analyzed. Microbes, including bacteria, fungi and algae, are reported to have a high tolerance for metals, having a 98% bioremediation capability. The internal structure of microorganisms, their cell surface characteristics and the surrounding environmental circumstances are all discussed concerning how microbes detoxify metals. Moreover, issues affecting the effectiveness of bioremediation are explored, along with potential difficulties, solutions and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | | | - Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, D. G. Khan 32200, Pakistan
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Muhammad Shabaan
- Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.I.)
- Department of Agriculture, Extension, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Aslam
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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20
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Yang D, Lin X, Wei Y, Li Z, Zhang H, Liang T, Yang S, Tan H. Can endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots be shaped by different propagation methods. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290167. [PMID: 37582116 PMCID: PMC10427008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In practical production, cane stems with buds are generally used as seed for propagation. However, long-terms cane stems only easily lead to some problems such as disease sensitivity, quality loss, etc. Recently, cane seedings, which are produced by tissue culture were used in sugarcane production, but few studies on cane health related to tissue culture seedings. Therefore, to evaluate the immunity and health of sugarcanes growing from different reproduction modes, the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots between stem and tissue culture seedlings were analyzed using high-throughput techniques. The results showed that the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots were significant differences between stem and tissue culture seedlings. At the genus level, Pantoea, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Lechevalieria, Pseudomonas, Nocardioides, unclassified_f__Comamonadaceae enriched as the dominant endophytic bacterial genera, and Rhizoctonia, Sarocladium, Scytalidium, Wongia, Fusarium, unclassified_f__Phaeosphaer, unclassified_c__Sordariom, unclassified_f__Stachybot, Poaceascoma, Microdochium, Arnium, Echria, Mycena and Exophiala enriched as the dominant endophytic fungal genera in cane roots growing from the tissue culture seedlings. In contrast, Mycobacterium, Massilia, Ralstonia, unclassified_f__Pseudonocardiacea, norank_f__Micropepsaceae, Leptothrix and Bryobacter were the dominant endophytic bacterial genera, and unclassified_k__Fungi, unclassified_f__Marasmiaceae, Talaromyces, unclassified_c__Sordariomycetes and Trichocladium were the dominant endophytic fungal genera in cane roots growing from stem seedlings. Additionally, the numbers of bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in cane roots growing from tissue culture seedlings were significantly higher than those of stem seedlings. It indicates that not only the endophytic microbial compositions in cane roots can be shaped by different propagation methods, but also the stress resistance of sugarcanes can be improved by the tissue culture propagation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinru Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yufei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zujian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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21
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Saldaña-Mendoza SA, Pacios-Michelena S, Palacios-Ponce AS, Chávez-González ML, Aguilar CN. Trichoderma as a biological control agent: mechanisms of action, benefits for crops and development of formulations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:269. [PMID: 37532771 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the food and economic losses generated by the attack of phytopathogens on the agricultural sector constitute a severe problem. Conventional crop protection techniques based on the application of synthetic pesticides to combat these undesirable microorganisms have also begun to represent an inconvenience since the excessive use of these substances is associated with contamination problems and severe damage to the health of farmers, consumers, and communities surrounding the fields, as well as the generation of resistance by the phytopathogens to be combated. Using biocontrol agents such as Trichoderma to mitigate the attack of phytopathogens represents an alternative to synthetic pesticides, safe for health and the environment. This work explains the mechanisms of action through which Trichoderma exerts biological control, some of the beneficial aspects that it confers to the development of crops through its symbiotic interaction with plants, and the bioremedial effects that it presents in fields contaminated by synthetic pesticides. Also, detail the production of spore-based biopesticides through fermentation processes and formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador A Saldaña-Mendoza
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza S/N, República Oriente, C.P.25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Sandra Pacios-Michelena
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza S/N, República Oriente, C.P.25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Arturo S Palacios-Ponce
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Mónica L Chávez-González
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza S/N, República Oriente, C.P.25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza S/N, República Oriente, C.P.25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
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22
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Dobrzyński J, Jakubowska Z, Kulkova I, Kowalczyk P, Kramkowski K. Biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens by Bacillus pumilus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1194606. [PMID: 37560520 PMCID: PMC10407110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria are one of the most interesting methods of controlling fungal phytopathogens. These bacteria can participate in biocontrol via a variety of mechanisms including lipopeptide production, hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., chitinase, cellulases, glucanase) production, microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) production, and induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggering. Among the bacterial genera most frequently studied in this aspect are Bacillus spp. including Bacillus pumilus. Due to the range of biocontrol traits, B. pumilus is one of the most interesting members of Bacillus spp. that can be used in the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens. So far, a number of B. pumilus strains that exhibit biocontrol properties against fungal phytopathogens have been described, e.g., B. pumilus HR10, PTB180, B. pumilus SS-10.7, B. pumilus MCB-7, B. pumilus INR7, B. pumilus SE52, SE34, SE49, B. pumilus RST25, B. pumilus JK-SX001, and B. pumilus KUDC1732. B. pumilus strains are capable of suppressing phytopathogens such as Arthrobotrys conoides, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fagopyrum esculentum. Importantly, B. pumilus can promote plant growth regardless of whether it alters the native microbiota or not. However, in order to increase its efficacy, research is still needed to clarify the relationship between the native microbiota and B. pumilus. Despite that, it can already be concluded that B. pumilus strains are good candidates to be environmentally friendly and commercially effective biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dobrzyński
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Jakubowska
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Iryna Kulkova
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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23
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Kashyap N, Singh SK, Yadav N, Singh VK, Kumari M, Kumar D, Shukla L, Bhardwaj N, Kumar A. Biocontrol Screening of Endophytes: Applications and Limitations. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2480. [PMID: 37447041 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The considerable loss of crop productivity each year due to plant disease or pathogen invasion during pre- or post-harvest storage conditions is one of the most severe challenges to achieving the goals of food security for the rising global population. Although chemical pesticides severally affect the food quality and health of consumers, a large population relies on them for plant disease management. But currently, endophytes have been considered one of the most suitable biocontrol agents due to better colonization and acclimatization potential. However, a very limited number of endophytes have been used commercially as biocontrol agents. Isolation of endophytes and their screening to represent potential characteristics as biocontrol agents are considered challenging by different procedures. Through a web search using the keywords "endophytes as biocontrol agents" or "biocontrol mechanism of endophytes," we have succinctly summarised the isolation strategies and different in vitro and in vivo biocontrol screening methods of endophytic biocontrol agents in the present review. In this paper, biocontrol mechanisms of endophytes and their potential application in plant disease management have also been discussed. Furthermore, the registration and regulatory mechanism of the endophytic biocontrol agents are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- Division of Agriculture Extension, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya 224123, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Livleen Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Nikunj Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, Maharaj Singh College, Maa Shakumbhari University, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botany, M.V. College, Buxar 802101, India
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24
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Stasenko N, Shukhratov I, Savinov M, Shadrin D, Somov A. Deep Learning in Precision Agriculture: Artificially Generated VNIR Images Segmentation for Early Postharvest Decay Prediction in Apples. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:987. [PMID: 37509935 PMCID: PMC10378337 DOI: 10.3390/e25070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Food quality control is an important task in the agricultural domain at the postharvest stage for avoiding food losses. The latest achievements in image processing with deep learning (DL) and computer vision (CV) approaches provide a number of effective tools based on the image colorization and image-to-image translation for plant quality control at the postharvest stage. In this article, we propose the approach based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques to use synthesized and segmented VNIR imaging data for early postharvest decay and fungal zone predictions as well as the quality assessment of stored apples. The Pix2PixHD model achieved higher results in terms of VNIR images translation from RGB (SSIM = 0.972). Mask R-CNN model was selected as a CNN technique for VNIR images segmentation and achieved 58.861 for postharvest decay zones, 40.968 for fungal zones and 94.800 for both the decayed and fungal zones detection and prediction in stored apples in terms of F1-score metric. In order to verify the effectiveness of this approach, a unique paired dataset containing 1305 RGB and VNIR images of apples of four varieties was obtained. It is further utilized for a GAN model selection. Additionally, we acquired 1029 VNIR images of apples for training and testing a CNN model. We conducted validation on an embedded system equipped with a graphical processing unit. Using Pix2PixHD, 100 VNIR images from RGB images were generated at a rate of 17 frames per second (FPS). Subsequently, these images were segmented using Mask R-CNN at a rate of 0.42 FPS. The achieved results are promising for enhancing the food study and control during the postharvest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Stasenko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maxim Savinov
- Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SUAI), 190000 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Shadrin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Information Technology and Data Science, Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 664074 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Somov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Mai S, Ma Y, Liu H, Li C, Song Y, Hu K, Chen X, Chen Y, Zou W. Dynamic Modulation of SO 2 Atmosphere for Enhanced Fresh-Keeping of Grapes Using a Novel Starch-Based Biodegradable Foam Packaging. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112222. [PMID: 37297469 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the fresh-keeping of highly perishable fruits with high commercial value, a novel starch-based foam packaging material was developed in this study. The foam incorporated the antiseptic ingredient Na2S2O5, which chemically interacted with environmental moisture to release SO2 as an antifungal agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), moisture absorption and mechanical measurements were used to characterize the unique sandwich-like inner structure of the foam which allowed for the modulable release of SO2. The starch-based foam exhibited sufficient resilience (~100%) to provide ideal cushioning to prevent physical damage to fresh fruits during transportation. When 25 g/m2 of Na2S2O5 was applied, the foam stably released over 100 ppm SO2 and demonstrated satisfactory antifungal performance (inhibition over 60%) in terms of maintaining the appearance and nutritional values (such as soluble solids 14 vs. 11%, total acidity 0.45 vs. 0.30%, and Vitamin C 3.4 vs. 2.5 mg/100 g) of fresh grapes during a 21 day storage period. Additionally, the residual SO2 (14 mg/kg) also meets the safety limits (<30 mg/kg). These research findings suggest great potential for the utilization of this novel foam in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Mai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yuqing Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Kaizhen Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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26
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Tsalgatidou PC, Thomloudi EE, Delis C, Nifakos K, Zambounis A, Venieraki A, Katinakis P. Compatible Consortium of Endophytic Bacillus halotolerans Strains Cal.l.30 and Cal.f.4 Promotes Plant Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance against Botrytis cinerea. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:779. [PMID: 37372064 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating microbial-based alternatives to conventional fungicides and biofertilizers enables us to gain a deeper understanding of the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities. Two genetically distinct Bacillus halotolerans strains (Cal.l.30, Cal.f.4) were evaluated for the levels of their compatibility. They were applied individually or in combination under in vitro and greenhouse conditions, using seed bio-priming and soil drenching as inoculum delivery systems, for their plant growth-promoting effect. Our data indicate that application of Cal.l.30 and Cal.f.4 as single strains and as a mixture significantly enhanced growth parameters of Arabidopsis and tomato plants. We investigated whether seed and an additional soil treatment with these strains could induce the expression of defense-related genes in leaves of young tomato seedling plants. These treatments mediated a long lasting, bacterial-mediated, systemic-induced resistance as evidenced by the high levels of expression of RP3, ACO1 and ERF1 genes in the leaves of young tomato seedlings. Furthermore, we presented data showing that seed and soil treatment with B. halotolerans strains resulted in an effective inhibition of Botrytis cinerea attack and development on tomato leaves. Our findings highlighted the potential of B. halotolerans strains as they combine both direct antifungal activity against plant pathogens and the ability to prime plant innate immunity and enhance plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina C Tsalgatidou
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Eirini-Evangelia Thomloudi
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Kallimachos Nifakos
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'ELGO DIMITRA', 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Venieraki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katinakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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27
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Fenta L, Mekonnen H, Kabtimer N. The Exploitation of Microbial Antagonists against Postharvest Plant Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041044. [PMID: 37110467 PMCID: PMC10143894 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postharvest disease management is vital to increase the quality and productivity of crops. As part of crop disease protection, people used different agrochemicals and agricultural practices to manage postharvest diseases. However, the widespread use of agrochemicals in pest and disease control has detrimental effects on consumer health, the environment, and fruit quality. To date, different approaches are being used to manage postharvest diseases. The use of microorganisms to control postharvest disease is becoming an eco-friendly and environmentally sounds approach. There are many known and reported biocontrol agents, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Nevertheless, despite the abundance of publications on biocontrol agents, the use of biocontrol in sustainable agriculture requires substantial research, effective adoption, and comprehension of the interactions between plants, pathogens, and the environment. To accomplish this, this review made an effort to locate and summarize earlier publications on the function of microbial biocontrol agents against postharvest crop diseases. Additionally, this review aims to investigate biocontrol mechanisms, their modes of operation, potential future applications for bioagents, as well as difficulties encountered during the commercialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamenew Fenta
- Department of Biology, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos P.O. Box 269, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Mekonnen
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia
| | - Negash Kabtimer
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia
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28
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Liu JM, Liang YT, Wang SS, Jin N, Sun J, Lu C, Sun YF, Li SY, Fan B, Wang FZ. Antimicrobial activity and comparative metabolomic analysis of Priestia megaterium strains derived from potato and dendrobium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5272. [PMID: 37002283 PMCID: PMC10066289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of endophytic bacteria is influenced by the host plants and their secondary metabolites and activities. In this study, P. megaterium P-NA14 and P. megaterium D-HT207 were isolated from potato tuber and dendrobium stem respectively. They were both identified as Priestia megaterium. The antimicrobial activities and metabolites of both strains were explored. For antimicrobial activities, results showed that P. megaterium P-NA14 exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on the pathogen of dendrobium, while P. megaterium D-HT207 exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on the pathogen of potato. The supernatant of P. megaterium P-NA14 showed an inhibition effect only on Staphylococcus aureus, while the sediment of P. megaterium D-HT207 showed an inhibition effect only on Escherichia coli. For metabolomic analysis, the content of L-phenylalanine in P. megaterium P-NA14 was higher than that of P. megaterium D-HT207, and several key downstream metabolites of L-phenylalanine were associated with inhibition of S. aureus including tyrosine, capsaicin, etc. Therefore, we speculated that the different antimicrobial activities between P. megaterium P-NA14 and P. megaterium D-HT207 were possibly related to the content of L-phenylalanine and its metabolites. This study preliminarily explored why the same strains isolated from different hosts exhibit different activities from the perspective of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Tian Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng-Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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29
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Maggini V, Bettini PP, Fani R, Firenzuoli F, Bogani P. Echinacea purpurea microbiota: bacterial-fungal interactions and the interplay with host and non-host plant species in vitro dual culture. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:246-256. [PMID: 36445167 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Important evidence is reported on the antimicrobial and antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes in Echinacea purpurea and their role in the modulation of plant synthesis of bioactive compounds. Here, endophytic fungi were isolated from E. purpurea, and the dual culture approach was applied to deepen insights into the complex plant-microbiome interaction network. In vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the species specificity of the interaction between host (E. purpurea) and non-host (E. angustifolia and Nicotiana tabacum) plant tissues and bacterial or fungal endophytes isolated from living E. purpurea plants to test interactions between fungal and bacterial endophytes. A higher tropism towards plant tissue and growth was observed for both fungal and bacterial isolates compared to controls without plant tissue. The growth of all fungi was significantly inhibited by several bacterial strains that, in turn, were scarcely affected by the presence of fungi. Finally, E. purpurea endophytic bacteria were able to inhibit mycelial growth of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with wild Echinacea plants interact with each other and could represent a potential source of bioactive compounds and a biocontrol tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maggini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - P P Bettini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - P Bogani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Pereira JF, Oliveira ALM, Sartori D, Yamashita F, Mali S. Perspectives on the Use of Biopolymeric Matrices as Carriers for Plant-Growth Promoting Bacteria in Agricultural Systems. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020467. [PMID: 36838432 PMCID: PMC9963413 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of this review is to discuss some aspects related to the use of biopolymeric matrices as carriers for plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in agricultural systems as a possible technological solution for the establishment of agricultural production practices that result in fewer adverse impacts on the environment, reporting some promising and interesting results on the topic. Results from the encapsulation of different PGPB on alginate, starch, chitosan, and gelatin matrices are discussed, systematizing some advances made in this area of knowledge in recent years. Encapsulation of these bacteria has been shown to be an effective method for protecting them from unsuitable environments, and these new products that can act as biofertilizers and biopesticides play an important role in the establishment of a sustainable and modern agriculture. These new products are technological solutions for replacing deleterious chemical fertilizers and pesticides, maintaining soil fertility and stability, and improving crop productivity and food security. Finally, in the near future, scale-up studies will have to provide new information about the large-scale production of these materials as well as their application in the field under different biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica F. Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - André Luiz M. Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Sartori
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabio Yamashita
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Suzana Mali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-3371-4270; Fax: +55-43-3371-5470
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Orozco-Mosqueda MDC, Kumar A, Fadiji AE, Babalola OO, Puopolo G, Santoyo G. Agroecological Management of the Grey Mould Fungus Botrytis cinerea by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:637. [PMID: 36771719 PMCID: PMC9919678 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of grey mould and one of the most important plant pathogens in the world because of the damage it causes to fruits and vegetables. Although the application of botrycides is one of the most common plant protection strategies used in the world, the application of plant-beneficial bacteria might replace botrycides facilitating agroecological production practices. Based on this, we reviewed the different stages of B. cinerea infection in plants and the biocontrol mechanisms exerted by plant-beneficial bacteria, including the well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Some PGPB mechanisms to control grey mould disease include antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, ethylene modulation, and the induction of plant defence mechanisms. In addition, recent studies on the action of anti-Botrytis compounds produced by PGPB and how they damage the conidial and mycelial structures of the pathogen are reviewed. Likewise, the advantages of individual inoculations of PGPB versus those that require the joint action of antagonist agents (microbial consortia) are discussed. Finally, it should be emphasised that PGPB are an excellent option to prevent grey mould in different crops and their use should be expanded for environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mich, Mexico
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Orozco-Mosqueda MDC, Santoyo G, Glick BR. Recent Advances in the Bacterial Phytohormone Modulation of Plant Growth. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:606. [PMID: 36771689 PMCID: PMC9921776 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are regulators of plant growth and development, which under different types of stress can play a fundamental role in a plant's adaptation and survival. Some of these phytohormones such as cytokinin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, auxin, and ethylene are also produced by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). In addition, numerous volatile organic compounds are released by PGPB and, like bacterial phytohormones, modulate plant physiology and genetics. In the present work we review the basic functions of these bacterial phytohormones during their interaction with different plant species. Moreover, we discuss the most recent advances of the beneficial effects on plant growth of the phytohormones produced by PGPB. Finally, we review some aspects of the cross-link between phytohormone production and other plant growth promotion (PGP) mechanisms. This work highlights the most recent advances in the essential functions performed by bacterial phytohormones and their potential application in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica y Ambiental, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Celaya, Celaya 38110, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Genomic Diversity Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Chemical Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Younas H, Nazir A, Bareen FE, Thies JE. Metabolic profile and molecular characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from Pinus sylvestris L. with growth-promoting effect on sunflower. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:40147-40161. [PMID: 36607575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria inhabit plant tissues such as roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and seeds and can multiply inside plant tissue without damaging them. This study involves the isolation, characterization, metabolic profiling, and effect of endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), on the growth of sunflower. In the current study, fifteen isolates of endophytic bacteria were obtained from the roots of Scots pine, and their molecular characterization was performed using 16 s rRNA ribotyping. The molecular characterization revealed that the strains belonged to Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Micrococcus sp., Serratia sp., Enterobacter sp., Pantoea sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Microbacterium sp. Among the isolated strains, 9 strains showed positive results for ammonium production, 12 strains for calcium solubilization, 11 strains for magnesium solubilization, 5 strains for zinc solubilization, 12 strains for phosphate solubilization, 8 strains for potassium solubilization, 10 strains for indole acetic acid (IAA) production, 9 strains for siderophore, and 6 strains for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. The greenhouse experiment results demonstrated that all isolated endophytic bacteria improved the shoot length, dry weight, and chlorophyll content of sunflower, whereas a significant increase was observed by PS-3 (Bacillus cereus), PS-6 (Serratia marcescens), and PS-8 (Pseudomonas putida). Besides, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were also measured in sunflower shoots, and results asserted that bacterial inoculation increased the bioavailability of these essential nutrients to plants compared to uninoculated control. Thus, these endophytic bacteria could be used as an encouraging option to improve plant growth and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajira Younas
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Aisha Nazir
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Firdaus-E Bareen
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Janice E Thies
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Khan N, Humm EA, Jayakarunakaran A, Hirsch AM. Reviewing and renewing the use of beneficial root and soil bacteria for plant growth and sustainability in nutrient-poor, arid soils. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1147535. [PMID: 37089637 PMCID: PMC10117987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A rapidly increasing human population coupled with climate change and several decades of over-reliance on synthetic fertilizers has led to two pressing global challenges: food insecurity and land degradation. Therefore, it is crucial that practices enabling both soil and plant health as well as sustainability be even more actively pursued. Sustainability and soil fertility encompass practices such as improving plant productivity in poor and arid soils, maintaining soil health, and minimizing harmful impacts on ecosystems brought about by poor soil management, including run-off of agricultural chemicals and other contaminants into waterways. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) can improve food production in numerous ways: by facilitating resource acquisition of macro- and micronutrients (especially N and P), modulating phytohormone levels, antagonizing pathogenic agents and maintaining soil fertility. The PGPB comprise different functional and taxonomic groups of bacteria belonging to multiple phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, among others. This review summarizes many of the mechanisms and methods these beneficial soil bacteria use to promote plant health and asks whether they can be further developed into effective, potentially commercially available plant stimulants that substantially reduce or replace various harmful practices involved in food production and ecosystem stability. Our goal is to describe the various mechanisms involved in beneficial plant-microbe interactions and how they can help us attain sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Khan
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ethan A. Humm
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akshaya Jayakarunakaran
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ann M. Hirsch
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ann M. Hirsch,
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Shirazi K, Ketabchi S, Kargar M. Screening of endophytic bacteria from potato tubers and their antagonistic activity against soil-borne potato pathogens. J Biol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.4081/jbr.2023.10625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to appraise the bacterial endophyte communities that help resist disease in potato tuber, the separation, the population density, biodiversity and the antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria, from the tuber peel of potato cultivars (Fontan90, Agria, Sante’a and Jeli89), were examined in the Fars province in Iran. In this study, the bacterial endophyte Colony Forming Units (CFU) were counted based on the most suitable dilution in petri dishes and expressed per g of wet weight of tuber tissue. The presence of bacteria was found mostly in the outer layer. A wide variety of endophyte species biodiversity was in Agria cultivar. To estimate the antagonistic effect of potato associated endophytic bacteria, 115 bacterial isolates were evaluated by dual culture method against main soil-borne potato pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliae, Streptomyces scabies and Ralstonia solanacearum. Endophyte strains were identified based on physiological, morphological and chemical characteristics and the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The highest degree of the inhibitory activity in all layers of potato cultivars was related to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mojavensis and Klebsiella variicola. Antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria against the pathogens was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the examined strains from the outermost layer of tuber peel and decreased progressively toward the center of the tuber. In this research, Klebsiella variicola was reported as endophyte bacteria in the four commercial potatocultivars mentioned above, for the first time.
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Mahlangu SG, Tai SL. Morphological and molecular characterization of bacterial endophytes from Centella asiatica leaves. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:171. [PMID: 36576696 PMCID: PMC9797633 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytes are a rich source of novel, distinct, and applicable compounds of interest in agricultural, medical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In this respect, they have been attracting growing interest in the past few years. Endophytes are defined as microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi which have a mutualistic relationship with their host plants without causing any harm to their host. In this study, we isolated and identified bacterial endophytes from Centella asiatica collected in Western Cape, South Africa. RESULTS Twenty bacterial endophytes were isolated from Centella asiatica and characterized by using morphological and molecular techniques. Based on molecular traits, the isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM1, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM2, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM3, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM4, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM5, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM6, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM7, Novosphingobium sp. strain SGM8, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM9, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM10, Chryseobacterium sp. strain SGM11, Enterobacter sp. strain SGM12, Enterobacter sp. strain SGM13, Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM14, Enterobacter sp. strain SGM15, Enterobacter sp. strain SGM16, Agrobacterium sp. strain SGM17, Pantoea sp. strain SGM18, Paraburkholderia sp. strain SGM19, and Pseudomonas sp. strain SGM20. Pseudomonas genus was dominant with eleven isolates. Morphological trait results showed that all isolates were gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. CONCLUSION According to our understanding, this study revealed the first twenty endophytic bacteria isolated from Centella asiatica growing in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Data obtained in the current study will increase the knowledge of the already existing microbial diversity associated with Centella asiatica. Further work is needed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities in vitro and assess the growth and medicinal compounds of the identified endophytic bacteria in a laboratory scale bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphiwe G. Mahlangu
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701 South Africa
| | - Siew L. Tai
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701 South Africa ,grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
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Afridi MS, Ali S, Salam A, César Terra W, Hafeez A, Ali B, S AlTami M, Ameen F, Ercisli S, Marc RA, Medeiros FHV, Karunakaran R. Plant Microbiome Engineering: Hopes or Hypes. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11121782. [PMID: 36552290 PMCID: PMC9774975 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiome is a dynamic and complex zone of microbial communities. This complex plant-associated microbial community, usually regarded as the plant's second genome, plays a crucial role in plant health. It is unquestioned that plant microbiome collectively contributes to plant growth and fitness. It also provides a safeguard from plant pathogens, and induces tolerance in the host against abiotic stressors. The revolution in omics, gene-editing and sequencing tools have somehow led to unravel the compositions and latent interactions between plants and microbes. Similarly, besides standard practices, many biotechnological, (bio)chemical and ecological methods have also been proposed. Such platforms have been solely dedicated to engineer the complex microbiome by untangling the potential barriers, and to achieve better agriculture output. Yet, several limitations, for example, the biological obstacles, abiotic constraints and molecular tools that capably impact plant microbiome engineering and functionality, remained unaddressed problems. In this review, we provide a holistic overview of plant microbiome composition, complexities, and major challenges in plant microbiome engineering. Then, we unearthed all inevitable abiotic factors that serve as bottlenecks by discouraging plant microbiome engineering and functionality. Lastly, by exploring the inherent role of micro/macrofauna, we propose economic and eco-friendly strategies that could be harnessed sustainably and biotechnologically for resilient plant microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Willian César Terra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mona S AlTami
- Biology Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănă ̧stur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flavio H V Medeiros
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), SIMATS, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Science, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
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May-Mutul CG, López-Garrido MA, O’Connor-Sánchez A, Peña-Ramírez YJ, Labrín-Sotomayor NY, Estrada-Medina H, Ferrer MM. Hidden Tenants: Microbiota of the Rhizosphere and Phyllosphere of Cordia dodecandra Trees in Mayan Forests and Homegardens. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3098. [PMID: 36432829 PMCID: PMC9699097 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During domestication, the selection of cultivated plants often reduces microbiota diversity compared with their wild ancestors. Microbiota in compartments such as the phyllosphere or rhizosphere can promote fruit tree health, growth, and development. Cordia dodecandra is a deciduous tree used by Maya people for its fruit and wood, growing, to date, in remnant forest fragments and homegardens (traditional agroforestry systems) in Yucatán. In this work, we evaluated the microbiota's alpha and beta diversity per compartment (phyllosphere and rhizosphere) and per population (forest and homegarden) in the Northeast and Southwest Yucatán regions. Eight composite DNA samples (per compartment/population/region combination) were amplified for 16S-RNA (bacteria) and ITS1-2 (fungi) and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Bioinformatic analyses were performed with QIIME and phyloseq. For bacteria and fungi, from 107,947 and 128,786 assembled sequences, 618 and 1092 operating taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned, respectively. The alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi was highly variable among samples and was similar among compartments and populations. A significant species turnover among populations and regions was observed in the rhizosphere. The core microbiota from the phyllosphere was similar among populations and regions. Forests and homegarden populations are reservoirs of the C. dodecandra phyllosphere core microbiome and significant rhizosphere biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla G. May-Mutul
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97313, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. López-Garrido
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97313, Mexico
| | - Aileen O’Connor-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida 97205, Mexico
| | - Yuri J. Peña-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Campeche, Lerma 24500, Mexico
| | - Natalia Y. Labrín-Sotomayor
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Campeche, Lerma 24500, Mexico
| | - Héctor Estrada-Medina
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97313, Mexico
| | - Miriam M. Ferrer
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97313, Mexico
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Santos FM, Viera LS, Camargo DP, Muniz MF, Costa IF, Guedes JV, Santos JR, Silva JC. Integrating a Bacillus-based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:4832-4840. [PMID: 35908173 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control is widely applied against soybean (Glycine max L.) soil-borne pathogens by furrow or seed treatments. The efficiency of bioproducts and timing of application by foliar sprays against soybean pathogens needs to be more fully understood. This work investigated the efficiency of foliar application with a Bacillus subtilis-based product (BBP) to protect soybean from multiple pathogens and the best moment to apply it considering its compatibility with fungicides. RESULTS Foliar applications (from stages V6 to R4) with BBP, mancozeb (M) and systemic fungicides (S) applied against Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), BBP followed by S (BBP-S), BBP along with S (S + BBP), S along with M (S + M) or water were carried out in a soybean field for two years. The treatments S + BBP, S + M and BBP-S reduced the severity of Asian rust by 82% compared to the control. Except for M, all treatments reduced the severity of other foliar diseases by >60%. The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP-S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP-S. Also, the incidence of Fusarium sp. was significantly reduced on seeds from treatments BBP and BBP-S. The compatibility tests in Petri dishes demonstrated that all fungicides decreased the bacterial growth when applied along with BBP, whereas previous applications of BBP did not reduce the bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS The BBP protected soybean against multiple pathogens, reduced defoliation and promoted soybean yield similarly to conventional fungicides, but in general, the early application of the BBP was the most efficient protection. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M Santos
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Laura S Viera
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Darcila P Camargo
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marlove Fb Muniz
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ivan Fd Costa
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jerson Vc Guedes
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jansen Rp Santos
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Julio Cp Silva
- Department of Phytosanitary Defense, CCR, Federal University of Santa Maria, (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Phour M, Sindhu SS. Mitigating abiotic stress: microbiome engineering for improving agricultural production and environmental sustainability. Planta 2022; 256:85. [PMID: 36125564 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responses of plants to different abiotic stresses and mechanisms involved in their mitigation are discussed. Production of osmoprotectants, antioxidants, enzymes and other metabolites by beneficial microorganisms and their bioengineering ameliorates environmental stresses to improve food production. Progressive intensification of global agriculture, injudicious use of agrochemicals and change in climate conditions have deteriorated soil health, diminished the microbial biodiversity and resulted in environment pollution along with increase in biotic and abiotic stresses. Extreme weather conditions and erratic rains have further imposed additional stress for the growth and development of plants. Dominant abiotic stresses comprise drought, temperature, increased salinity, acidity, metal toxicity and nutrient starvation in soil, which severely limit crop production. For promoting sustainable crop production in environmentally challenging environments, use of beneficial microbes has emerged as a safer and sustainable means for mitigation of abiotic stresses resulting in improved crop productivity. These stress-tolerant microorganisms play an effective role against abiotic stresses by enhancing the antioxidant potential, improving nutrient acquisition, regulating the production of plant hormones, ACC deaminase, siderophore and exopolysaccharides and accumulating osmoprotectants and, thus, stimulating plant biomass and crop yield. In addition, bioengineering of beneficial microorganisms provides an innovative approach to enhance stress tolerance in plants. The use of genetically engineered stress-tolerant microbes as inoculants of crop plants may facilitate their use for enhanced nutrient cycling along with amelioration of abiotic stresses to improve food production for the ever-increasing population. In this chapter, an overview is provided about the current understanding of plant-bacterial interactions that help in alleviating abiotic stress in different crop systems in the face of climate change. This review largely focuses on the importance and need of sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches using beneficial microbes for ameliorating the environmental stresses in our agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Phour
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Satyavir S Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
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Nie LJ, Ye WQ, Xie WY, Zhou WW. Biofilm: New insights in the biological control of fruits with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B4. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127196. [PMID: 36116146 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile microbial communities growing on surfaces, which are encased in some self-produced extracellular material. Beneficial biofilm could be widely used in agriculture, food, medicine, environment and other fields. As an ideal biocontrol agent, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B4 can form a strong biofilm under static conditions. In this study, we screened out metal compounds that enhanced or inhibited the biofilm formation ability of B4, established the relationship between the biofilm of B4 strain and its postharvest biocontrol effect, and explored the regulation of metal compounds on the biofilm formation. The results showed 0.5 mmol L-1 ferric chloride could enhance the biofilm formation and strengthen the antifungal effect of B4, indicating that there was a positive relationship between the growth of biofilm and its biocontrol effect. The enhanced biofilm had a certain biocontrol effect on different fruit, including peach, loquat, Kyoho grape and cherry tomato. Furthermore, the expression of degU and tasA was affected by metal ion treatment, which meant the genes might be essential for the biofilm formation of B4. Our findings suggested that biofilm of B. amyloliquefaciens played an essential role in the process of biocontrol and it might be a novel strategy for managing postharvest fruit decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jie Nie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Qiong Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Yue Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Hamze R, Nuvoli MT, Pirino C, Ruiu L. Compatibility of the bacterial entomopathogen Pseudomonas protegens with the natural predator Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107828. [PMID: 36087780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea to the soil-dwelling bacterial entomopathogen Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 was investigated in this study. Laboratory bioassays were conducted on larval instars exposed to different bacterial concentrations by both direct feeding and indirectly by offering a pre-treated insect prey. Potential toxicity was assessed through dose-response bioassays, while possible sublethal effects were evaluated on immature development time and the reproductive performance (fecundity) of adults emerging from treated juveniles. As a result, no significant effects were observed on larval survival and development in a comparison between treated and untreated (control) groups. No significant impact on adult emergence and no detrimental effects on female fecundity were detected. Everything considered, the use of P. protegens in the agroecosystem appears to be compatible with chrysopids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hamze
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Nuvoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carolina Pirino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Ruiu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Bhanse P, Kumar M, Singh L, Awasthi MK, Qureshi A. Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in boosting the phytoremediation of stressed soils: Opportunities, challenges, and prospects. Chemosphere 2022; 303:134954. [PMID: 35595111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil is considered as a vital natural resource equivalent to air and water which supports growth of the plants and provides habitats to microorganisms. Changes in soil properties, productivity, and, inevitably contamination/stress are the result of urbanisation, industrialization, and long-term use of synthetic fertiliser. Therefore, in the recent scenario, reclamation of contaminated/stressed soils has become a potential challenge. Several customized, such as, physical, chemical, and biological technologies have been deployed so far to restore contaminated land. Among them, microbial-assisted phytoremediation is considered as an economical and greener approach. In recent decades, soil microbes have successfully been used to improve plants' ability to tolerate biotic and abiotic stress and strengthen their phytoremediation capacity. Therefore, in this context, the current review work critically explored the microbial assisted phytoremediation mechanisms to restore different types of stressed soil. The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their potential mechanisms that foster plants' growth and also enhance phytoremediation capacity are focussed. Finally, this review has emphasized on the application of advanced tools and techniques to effectively characterize potent soil microbial communities and their significance in boosting the phytoremediation process of stressed soils along with prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Bhanse
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lal Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Asifa Qureshi
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Ebrahimi-Zarandi M, Saberi Riseh R, Tarkka MT. Actinobacteria as Effective Biocontrol Agents against Plant Pathogens, an Overview on Their Role in Eliciting Plant Defense. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091739. [PMID: 36144341 PMCID: PMC9500821 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen suppression and induced systemic resistance are suitable alternative biocontrol strategies for integrated plant disease management and potentially comprise a sustainable alternative to agrochemicals. The use of Actinobacteria as biocontrol agents is accepted in practical sustainable agriculture, and a short overview on the plant-beneficial members of this phylum and recent updates on their biocontrol efficacies are the two topics of this review. Actinobacteria include a large portion of microbial rhizosphere communities and colonizers of plant tissues that not only produce pest-antagonistic secondary metabolites and enzymes but also stimulate plant growth. Non-pathogenic Actinobacteria can also induce systemic resistance against pathogens, but the mechanisms are still poorly described. In the absence of a pathogen, a mild defense response is elicited under jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling that involves pathogenesis-related proteins and secondary plant metabolites. Priming response partly includes the same compounds as the response to a sole actinobacterium, and the additional involvement of ethylene signaling has been suggested. Recent amplicon sequencing studies on bacterial communities suggest that future work may reveal how biocontrol active strains of Actinobacteria can be enriched in plant rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ebrahimi-Zarandi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, Iran
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.S.R.); (M.T.T.)
| | - Mika T. Tarkka
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.S.R.); (M.T.T.)
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Malik SS, Sudalaimuthuasari N, Kundu B, AlMaskari RS, Mundra S. Contrasting genome patterns of two pseudomonas strains isolated from the date palm rhizosphere to assess survival in a hot arid environment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:207. [PMID: 36008694 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) improve plant growth and fitness by multiple direct (nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization) and indirect (inducing systematic resistance against phytopathogens, soil nutrient stabilization, and maintenance) mechanisms. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which PGPRs promote plant growth in hot and arid environments remain poorly recorded. In this study, a comparative genome analysis of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas atacamensis SM1 and Pseudomonas toyotomiensis SM2, isolated from the rhizosphere of date palm was performed. The abundance of genes conferring stress tolerance (chaperones, heat shock genes, and chemotaxis) and supporting plant growth (plant growth hormone, root colonization, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization) were compared among the two isolates. This study further evaluated their functions, metabolic pathways, and evolutionary relationship. Results show that both bacterial strains have gene clusters required for plant growth promotion (phosphate solubilization and root colonization), but it is more abundant in P. atacamensis SM1 than in P. toyotomiensis SM2. Genes involved in stress tolerance (mcp, rbs, wsp, and mot), heat shock, and chaperones (hslJ and hslR) were also more common in P. atacamensis SM1. These findings suggest that P. atacamensis SM1could have better adaptability to the hot and arid environment owing to a higher abundance of chaperone genes and heat shock proteins. It may promote plant growth owing to a higher load of root colonization and phosphate solubilization genes and warrants further in vitro study.
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Pathak P, Rai VK, Can H, Singh SK, Kumar D, Bhardwaj N, Roychowdhury R, de Azevedo LCB, Kaushalendra, Verma H, Kumar A. Plant-Endophyte Interaction during Biotic Stress Management. Plants 2022; 11:2203. [PMID: 36079585 PMCID: PMC9459794 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with diverse microbial communities and share complex relationships with each other. The intimate association between microbes and their host mutually benefit each other and provide stability against various biotic and abiotic stresses to plants. Endophytes are heterogeneous groups of microbes that live inside the host tissue without showing any apparent sign of infection. However, their functional attributes such as nutrient acquisition, phytohormone modulation, synthesis of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant enzymes of endophytes are similar to the other rhizospheric microorganisms. Nevertheless, their higher colonization efficacy and stability against abiotic stress make them superior to other microorganisms. In recent studies, the potential role of endophytes in bioprospecting has been broadly reported. However, the molecular aspect of host–endophyte interactions is still unclear. In this study, we have briefly discussed the endophyte biology, colonization efficacy and diversity pattern of endophytes. In addition, it also summarizes the molecular aspect of plant–endophyte interaction in biotic stress management.
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Wu X, Fan Y, Wang R, Zhao Q, Ali Q, Wu H, Gu Q, Borriss R, Xie Y, Gao X. Bacillus halotolerans KKD1 induces physiological, metabolic and molecular reprogramming in wheat under saline condition. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:978066. [PMID: 36035675 PMCID: PMC9404337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress decreases plant growth and is a major threat to crop yields worldwide. The present study aimed to alleviate salt stress in plants by inoculation with halophilic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from an extreme environment in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Wheat plants inoculated with Bacillus halotolerans KKD1 showed increased seedling morphological parameters and physiological indexes. The expression of wheat genes directly involved in plant growth was upregulated in the presence of KKD1, as shown by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. The metabolism of phytohormones, such as 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid were also enhanced. Mining of the KKD1 genome corroborated its potential plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol properties. Moreover, KKD1 was able to support plant growth under salt stress by inducing a stress response in wheat by modulating phytohormone levels, regulating lipid peroxidation, accumulating betaine, and excluding Na+. In addition, KKD1 positively affected the soil nitrogen content, soil phosphorus content and soil pH. Our findings indicated that KKD1 is a promising candidate for encouraging wheat plant growth under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Department of Grassland Science, College of Agricultural and Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yaning Fan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
- Nord Reet UG, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yongli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Department of Grassland Science, College of Agricultural and Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Y, Narayanan M, Shi X, Chen X, Li Z, Natarajan D, Ma Y. Plant growth-promoting bacteria in metal-contaminated soil: Current perspectives on remediation mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966226. [PMID: 36033871 PMCID: PMC9404692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in soils endangers humans and the biosphere by reducing agricultural yield and negatively impacting ecosystem health. In recent decades, this issue has been addressed and partially remedied through the use of “green technology,” which employs metal-tolerant plants to clean up polluted soils. Furthermore, the global climate change enhances the negative effects of climatic stressors (particularly drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures), thus reducing the growth and metal accumulation capacity of remediating plants. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been widely introduced into plants to improve agricultural productivity or the efficiency of phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils via various mechanisms, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production, and biological control. The use of metal-tolerant plants, as well as PGPB inoculants, should hasten the process of moving this technology from the laboratory to the field. Hence, it is critical to understand how PGPB ameliorate environmental stress and metal toxicity while also inducing plant tolerance, as well as the mechanisms involved in such actions. This review attempts to compile the scientific evidence on this topic, with a special emphasis on the mechanism of PGPB involved in the metal bioremediation process [plant growth promotion and metal detoxification/(im)mobilization/bioaccumulation/transformation/translocation] and deciphering combined stress (metal and climatic stresses) tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma,
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An C, Ma S, Liu C, Ding H, Xue W. Burkholderia ambifaria XN08: A plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterium with biocontrol potential against sharp eyespot in wheat. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906724. [PMID: 35966702 PMCID: PMC9368319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been considered promising biological agents to increase crop yields for years. However, the successful application of PGPB for biocontrol of sharp eyespot in wheat has been limited, partly by the lack of knowledge of the ecological/environmental factors affecting the colonization, prevalence, and activity of beneficial bacteria on the crop. In this study, an endophytic bacterium XN08 with antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia cerealis (wheat sharp eyespot pathogenic fungus), isolated from healthy wheat plants, was identified as Burkholderia ambifaria according to the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. The antibiotic synthesis gene amplification and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analyses were used to characterize the secondary metabolites. The results showed that the known powerful antifungal compound named pyrrolnitrin was produced by the strain XN08. In addition, B. ambifaria XN08 also showed the capacity for phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), protease, and siderophore production in vitro. In the pot experiments, a derivate strain carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was used to observe its colonization in wheat plants. The results showed that GFP-tagged B. ambifaria could colonize wheat tissues effectively. This significant colonization was accompanied by an enhancement of wheat plants' growth and an induction of immune resistance for wheat seedlings, which was revealed by the higher activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). As far as we know, this is the first report describing the colonization traits of B. ambifaria in wheat plants. In addition, our results indicated that B. ambifaria XN08 might serve as a new effective biocontrol agent against wheat sharp eyespot disease caused by R. cerealis.
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Li X, Kong P, Daughtrey M, Kosta K, Schirmer S, Howle M, Likins M, Hong C. Characterization of the Soil Bacterial Community from Selected Boxwood Gardens across the United States. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1514. [PMID: 35893572 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, we observed a rapid decline of the boxwood blight pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) soil population in all surveyed gardens across the United States, and we speculated that these garden soils might be suppressive to Cps. This study aimed to characterize the soil bacterial community in these boxwood gardens. Soil samples were taken from one garden in California, Illinois, South Carolina, and Virginia and two in New York in early summer and late fall of 2017 and 2018. Soil DNA was extracted and its 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced using the Nanopore MinION® platform. These garden soils were consistently dominated by Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales, regardless of garden location and sampling time. These two orders contain many species or strains capable of pathogen suppression and plant fitness improvement. Overall, 66 bacterial taxa were identified in this study that are known to have strains with biological control activity (BCA) against plant pathogens. Among the most abundant were Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp., which may have contributed to the Cps decline in these garden soils. This study highlights the importance of soil microorganisms in plant health and provides a new perspective on garden disease management using the soil microbiome.
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