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Thi Thanh Nguyen N, Yoon Lee S. Celecoxib and sulindac sulfide elicit anticancer effects on PIK3CA-mutated head and neck cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116221. [PMID: 38641308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutation in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit alpha gene (PIK3CA) is a significant factor in head and neck cancer (HNC). Patients with HNC harboring PIK3CA mutations receive therapeutic benefits from the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Here, we examined the Detroit562 and FaDu cell lines as HNC models with and without a hyperactive PIK3CA mutation (H1047R), respectively, regarding their possible distinct responses to the NSAIDs celecoxib and sulindac sulfide (SUS). Detroit562 cells exhibited relatively high PI3K/Akt pathway-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, associated with cell proliferation. Celecoxib treatment restricted cell proliferation and upregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers, including GRP78, C/EBP-homologous protein, activating transcription factor 4, death receptor 5, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects were much stronger in Detroit562 cells than in FaDu cells and were largely COX-2-independent. SUS treatment yielded similar results. Salubrinal (an ER stress inhibitor) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (a ROS scavenger) prevented NSAID-induced ROS generation and ER stress, respectively, indicating crosstalk between ER and oxidative stress. In addition, celecoxib and/or SUS elevated cleaved caspase-3 levels, Bcl-2-associated X protein/Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death expression, and mitochondrial damage, which was more pronounced in Detroit562 than in FaDu cells. Salubrinal and N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated celecoxib-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, our results suggest that celecoxib and SUS efficiently suppress activating PIK3CA mutation-harboring HNC progression by inducing ER and oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to apoptotic cell death, further supporting NSAID treatment as a useful strategy for oncogenic PIK3CA-mutated HNC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Qiu X, Liu R. Comprehensive characterization of immunogenic cell death in acute myeloid leukemia revealing the association with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:107. [PMID: 38671491 PMCID: PMC11046942 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its relationship with the tumor immune microenvironment characteristics. It also aimed to provide a potential perspective for bridging the pathogenesis of AML and immunological research, and to provide a theoretical basis for precise individualized treatment of AML patients. METHODS Firstly, we identified two subtypes associated with ICD by consensus clustering and explored the biological enrichment pathways, somatic mutations, and tumor microenvironment landscape between the ICD subtypes. Additionally, we developed and validated a prognostic model associated with ICD-related genes. Finally, we conducted a preliminary exploration of the construction of disease regulatory networks and prediction of small molecule drugs based on five signature genes. RESULTS Differentially expressed ICD-related genes can distinguish AML into subgroups with significant differences in clinical characteristics and survival prognosis. The relationship between the ICD- high subgroup and the immune microenvironment was tight, showing significant enrichment in immune-related pathways such as antibody production in the intestinal immune environment, allograft rejection, and Leishmaniasis infection. Additionally, the ICD- high subtype showed significant upregulation in a variety of immune cells such as B_cells, Macrophages_M2, Monocytes, and T_cells_CD4. We constructed a prognostic risk feature based on five signature genes (TNF, CXCR3, CD4, PIK3CA and CALR), and the time-dependent ROC curve confirmed the high accuracy in predicting the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION There is a strong close relationship between the ICD- high subgroup and the immune microenvironment. Immunogenicity-related genes have the potential to be a prognostic biomarker for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Zheng S, He S, Liang Y, Tan Y, Liu Q, Liu T, Lu X. Understanding PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in squamous cell carcinoma: mutated PIK3CA as an example. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:13. [PMID: 38616230 PMCID: PMC11016524 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared with those in adenocarcinoma, PIK3CA mutations are more common in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which arises from stratified squamous epithelia that are usually exposed to adverse environmental factors. Although hotspot mutations in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA, including E542K, E545K, H1047L and H1047R, are frequently encountered in the clinic, their clinicopathological meaning remains to be determined in the context of SCC. Considering that few reviews on PIK3CA mutations in SCC are available in the literature, we undertook this review to shed light on the clinical significance of PIK3CA mutations, mainly regarding the implications and ramifications of PIK3CA mutations in malignant cell behavior, prognosis, relapse or recurrence and chemo- or radioresistance of SCC. It should be noted that only those studies regarding SCC in which PIK3CA was mutated were cherry-picked, which fell within the scope of this review. However, the role of mutated PIK3CA in adenocarcinoma has not been discussed. In addition, mutations occurring in other main members of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway other than PIK3CA were also excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Cao J, Zeng K, Chen Q, Yang T, Lu F, Lin C, Zhan J, Ma W, Zhou T, Huang Y, Luo F, Zhao H. PQR309, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, synergizes with gemcitabine by impairing the GSK-3β and STAT3/HSP60 signaling pathways to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:237. [PMID: 38555280 PMCID: PMC10981756 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
End-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has unsatisfactory survival. The limited benefit of chemotherapy and the scarcity of targeted drugs are major challenges in NPC. New approaches to treat late-stage NPC are urgently required. In this study, we explored whether the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PQR309, exerted a favorable antineoplastic effect and sensitized the response to gemcitabine in NPC. We observed that PI3K expression was positive and elevated in 14 NPC cell lines compared with that in normal nasopharygeal cell lines. Patients with NPC with higher PI3K levels displayed poorer prognosis. We subsequently showed that PQR309 alone effectively decreased the viability, invasiveness, and migratory capability of NPC cells and neoplasm development in mice xenograft models, and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. More importantly, PQR309 remarkably strengthened the anti-NPC function of gemcitabine both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, PQR309 sensitized NPC to gemcitabine by increasing caspase pathway-dependent apoptosis, blocking GSK-3β and STAT3/HSP60 signaling, and ablating epithelial-mesenchyme transition. Thus, targeting PI3K/mTOR using PQR309 might represent a treatment option to promote the response to gemcitabine in NPC, and provides a theoretical foundation for the study of targeted drugs combined with chemotherapy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Kangmei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Feiteng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Chaozhuo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Fan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
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Petkova M, Ferby I, Mäkinen T. Lymphatic malformations: mechanistic insights and evolving therapeutic frontiers. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172844. [PMID: 38488007 PMCID: PMC10940090 DOI: 10.1172/jci172844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system is gaining recognition for its multifaceted role and broad pathological significance. Once perceived as a mere conduit for interstitial fluid and immune cell transport, recent research has unveiled its active involvement in critical physiological processes and common diseases, including inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and atherosclerosis. Consequently, abnormal development or functionality of lymphatic vessels can result in serious health complications. Here, we discuss lymphatic malformations (LMs), which are localized lesions that manifest as fluid-filled cysts or extensive infiltrative lymphatic vessel overgrowth, often associated with debilitating, even life-threatening, consequences. Genetic causes of LMs have been uncovered, and several promising drug-based therapies are currently under investigation and will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Petkova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Ferby
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lolicato F, Nickel W, Haucke V, Ebner M. Phosphoinositide switches in cell physiology - From molecular mechanisms to disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105757. [PMID: 38364889 PMCID: PMC10944118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are amphipathic lipid molecules derived from phosphatidylinositol that represent low abundance components of biological membranes. Rather than serving as mere structural elements of lipid bilayers, they represent molecular switches for a broad range of biological processes, including cell signaling, membrane dynamics and remodeling, and many other functions. Here, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that turn phosphoinositides into molecular switches and how the dysregulation of these processes can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ebner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.
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Erickson EC, You I, Perry G, Dugourd A, Donovan KA, Crafter C, Johannes JW, Williamson S, Moss JI, Ros S, Ziegler RE, Barry ST, Fischer ES, Gray NS, Madsen RR, Toker A. Multiomic profiling of breast cancer cells uncovers stress MAPK-associated sensitivity to AKT degradation. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadf2670. [PMID: 38412255 PMCID: PMC10949348 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
More than 50% of human tumors display hyperactivation of the serine/threonine kinase AKT. Despite evidence of clinical efficacy, the therapeutic window of the current generation of AKT inhibitors could be improved. Here, we report the development of a second-generation AKT degrader, INY-05-040, which outperformed catalytic AKT inhibition with respect to cellular suppression of AKT-dependent phenotypes in breast cancer cell lines. A growth inhibition screen with 288 cancer cell lines confirmed that INY-05-040 had a substantially higher potency than our first-generation AKT degrader (INY-03-041), with both compounds outperforming catalytic AKT inhibition by GDC-0068. Using multiomic profiling and causal network integration in breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that the enhanced efficacy of INY-05-040 was associated with sustained suppression of AKT signaling, which was followed by induction of the stress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Further integration of growth inhibition assays with publicly available transcriptomic, proteomic, and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) measurements established low basal JNK signaling as a biomarker for breast cancer sensitivity to AKT degradation. Together, our study presents a framework for mapping the network-wide signaling effects of therapeutically relevant compounds and identifies INY-05-040 as a potent pharmacological suppressor of AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Erickson
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Inchul You
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Grace Perry
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Katherine A. Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Claire Crafter
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Johannes
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Stuart Williamson
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Jennifer I. Moss
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Susana Ros
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Robert E. Ziegler
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ralitsa R. Madsen
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Current: MRC-Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Chen H, Sun B, Xia W, Qiu Y, Gao W, Hua C, Lin X. Clinical characteristics and surgical management of facial infiltrating lipomatosis: a single center experience. Head Face Med 2024; 20:13. [PMID: 38378686 PMCID: PMC10877823 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-024-00412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial infiltrating lipomatosis (FIL) is a rare condition characterized by congenital facial enlargement. Beyond its impact on physical appearance, FIL can also impair essential facial functions such as swallowing, chewing, vision, and breathing, imposing a substantial physiological and psychological burden. Currently, fewer than 80 cases of FIL have been reported, and the characteristics and management strategies for FIL remain unclear. METHODS We reviewed the clinical, surgical, and radiological records of 39 FIL patients who were treated at our center. Of these, genetic testing was performed for 21 patients. RESULTS Aberrant overgrowth involves subcutaneous fat, bones, muscles, glands, tongue, lips, and teeth. Epidermal nevi could be observed in the dermatomes innervated by the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, with the highest frequency seen in the dermatome of the mandibular branch. Four patients exhibited concurrent hemimegalencephaly (HMEG), with one case presenting HMEG on the opposite side of the FIL. Nineteen patients were confirmed to harbor the PIK3CA mutation. Thirty-three patients underwent surgical procedures, with a post resection recurrence rate of approximately 25%. CONCLUSIONS A variety of maxillofacial structures may be involved in FIL. PIK3CA mutations are important pathogenic factors. Emerging targeted therapies could present an additional treatment avenue in the future. However, surgery currently remains the predominant treatment choice for FIL. The timing and modality of surgery should be individually customized, taking into account each patient's unique circumstances. Notably, there is a significant possibility of postoperative recurrence during childhood and adolescence, necessitating early strategic planning of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Qiu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chen Hua
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
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Szablewski L. Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2397. [PMID: 38397072 PMCID: PMC10889819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. It plays an important role as a metabolic hormone. Insulin influences the metabolism of glucose, regulating plasma glucose levels and stimulating glucose storage in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. It is involved in fat metabolism, increasing the storage of triglycerides and decreasing lipolysis. Ketone body metabolism also depends on insulin action, as insulin reduces ketone body concentrations and influences protein metabolism. It increases nitrogen retention, facilitates the transport of amino acids into cells and increases the synthesis of proteins. Insulin also inhibits protein breakdown and is involved in cellular growth and proliferation. On the other hand, defects in the intracellular signaling pathways of insulin may cause several disturbances in human metabolism, resulting in several chronic diseases. Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is due to the decreased reaction of insulin signaling for glucose levels, seen when glucose use in response to an adequate concentration of insulin is impaired. Insulin resistance may cause, for example, increased plasma insulin levels. That state, called hyperinsulinemia, impairs metabolic processes and is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Hyperinsulinemia may increase the risk of initiation, progression and metastasis of several cancers and may cause poor cancer outcomes. Insulin resistance is a health problem worldwide; therefore, mechanisms of insulin resistance, causes and types of insulin resistance and strategies against insulin resistance are described in this review. Attention is also paid to factors that are associated with the development of insulin resistance, the main and characteristic symptoms of particular syndromes, plus other aspects of severe insulin resistance. This review mainly focuses on the description and analysis of changes in cells due to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Szablewski L. Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:998-1027. [PMID: 38392069 PMCID: PMC10888119 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is the result of a decreased reaction of insulin signaling to blood glucose levels. This state is observed when muscle cells, adipose tissue, and liver cells, improperly respond to a particular concentration of insulin. Insulin resistance and related increased plasma insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) may cause metabolic impairments, which are pathological states observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Observations of cancer patients confirm that hyperinsulinemia is a major factor influencing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Obesity and diabetes have been reported as risks of the initiation, progression, and metastasis of several cancers. However, both of the aforementioned pathologies may independently and additionally increase the cancer risk. The state of metabolic disorders observed in cancer patients is associated with poor outcomes of cancer treatment. For example, patients suffering from metabolic disorders have higher cancer recurrence rates and their overall survival is reduced. In these associations between insulin resistance and cancer risk, an overview of the various pathogenic mechanisms that play a role in the development of cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5 Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Fan K, Hu Q, Yu S, Gao Y, Li Y. SP1 Mediated PIK3CB Upregulation Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis. J Cancer 2024; 15:1355-1365. [PMID: 38356702 PMCID: PMC10861831 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PIK3CB, one of catalytic subunits of PI3Ks kinase family, is implicated in several cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, mobility and neoplastic transformation. Its abnormal expression has been found in several human cancer types. However, the regulation pattern and function of PIK3CB in gastric cancer (GC) are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PIK3CB and SP1 (special protein 1) were both upregulated in GC samples compared to adjacent non-cancerous stomach tissues at mRNA and protein levels. The expression of the two genes also displayed a significant positive correlation in GC samples. Dual-luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that SP1 could bind to the -771~-605 region of the promoter of PIK3CB and enhance transcription. Furthermore, we discovered that SP1 induced AKT activation through PIK3CB and accelerated GC cell proliferation and migration in a PIK3CB/AKT signaling dependent manner. TGX-221, a PIK3CB-selective inhibitor, which can block this signaling transduction pathway, was found to inhibit the growth of GC cells and induce apoptosis in vitro, implying that it may act as a potential development agent for GC. These collective findings provide a new insight into PI3K/AKT signaling that SP1 may function as an upstream factor on PI3K, forming a new signaling axis to promote the progression of GC or other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Fan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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12
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Tomlinson PR, Knox R, Perisic O, Su HC, Brierley GV, Williams RL, Semple RK. Paradoxical dominant negative activity of an immunodeficiency-associated activating PIK3R1 variant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.02.565250. [PMID: 38077044 PMCID: PMC10705566 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PIK3R1 encodes three regulatory subunits of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), each associating with any of three catalytic subunits, namely p110α, p110β or p110δ. Constitutional PIK3R1 mutations cause diseases with a genotype-phenotype relationship not yet fully explained: heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause SHORT syndrome, featuring insulin resistance and short stature attributed to reduced p110α function, while heterozygous activating mutations cause immunodeficiency, attributed to p110δ activation and known as APDS2. Surprisingly, APDS2 patients do not show features of p110α hyperactivation, but do commonly have short stature or SHORT syndrome, suggesting p110α hypofunction. We sought to investigate this. In dermal fibroblasts from an APDS2 patient, we found no increased PI3K signalling, with p110δ expression markedly reduced. In preadipocytes, the APDS2 variant was potently dominant negative, associating with Irs1 and Irs2 but failing to heterodimerise with p110α. This attenuation of p110α signalling by a p110δ-activating PIK3R1 variant potentially explains co-incidence of gain-of-function and loss-of-function PIK3R1 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy R. Tomlinson
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Knox
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olga Perisic
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen C. Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gemma V. Brierley
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert K. Semple
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Canaud G, Lopez Gutierrez JC, Irvine AD, Vabres P, Hansford JR, Ankrah N, Branle F, Papadimitriou A, Ridolfi A, O'Connell P, Turner S, Adams DM. Alpelisib for treatment of patients with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Genet Med 2023; 25:100969. [PMID: 37634128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses several rare conditions resulting from activating variants in PIK3CA. Alpelisib, a PI3Kα-selective inhibitor, targets the underlying etiology of PROS, offering a novel therapeutic approach to current management strategies. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of alpelisib in pediatric and adult patients with PROS. METHODS EPIK-P1 (NCT04285723) was a non-interventional, retrospective chart review of 57 patients with PROS (≥2 years) treated with alpelisib through compassionate use. Patients had severe/life-threatening PROS-related conditions and confirmed PIK3CA pathogenic variant. The primary end point assessed patient response to treatment at Week 24 (6 months). RESULTS Twenty-four weeks (6 months) after treatment initiation, 12 of 32 (37.5%) patients with complete case records included in the analysis of the primary end point experienced a ≥20% reduction in target lesion(s) volume. Additional clinical benefit independent from lesion volume reduction was observed across the full study population. Adverse events (AEs) and treatment-related AEs were experienced by 82.5% (47/57) and 38.6% (22/57) of patients, respectively; the most common treatment-related AEs were hyperglycemia (12.3%) and aphthous ulcer (10.5%). No deaths occurred. CONCLUSION EPIK-P1 provides real-world evidence of alpelisib effectiveness and safety in patients with PROS and confirms PI3Kα as a valid therapeutic target for PROS symptom management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Canaud
- Translational Research Unit, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alan D Irvine
- Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pierre Vabres
- Reference Center for Rare Genetic Skin Diseases (MAGEC)-Mosaic, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Dijon-Bourgogne, and INSERM UMR1231, Genetics of Development Anomalies, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Australia; Michael Rice Cancer Centre, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nii Ankrah
- Global Medical Affairs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Fabrice Branle
- Clinical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonia Ridolfi
- Global Medical Affairs Biostatistics, Novartis Pharma S.A.S., Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | | | - Stuart Turner
- Global Real World Evidence and Data Science, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Denise M Adams
- Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Vascular Anomalies Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Gazzin A, Leoni C, Viscogliosi G, Borgini F, Perri L, Iacoviello M, Piglionica M, De Pellegrin M, Ferrero GB, Bartuli A, Zampino G, Buonuomo PS, Resta N, Mussa A. Work-Up and Treatment Strategies for Individuals with PIK3CA-Related Disorders: A Consensus of Experts from the Scientific Committee of the Italian Macrodactyly and PROS Association. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2134. [PMID: 38136956 PMCID: PMC10742781 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PIK3CA-related disorders encompass many rare and ultra-rare conditions caused by somatic genetic variants that hyperactivate the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, which is essential for cell cycle control. PIK3CA-related disorders include PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS), PIK3CA-related vascular malformations and PIK3CA-related non-vascular lesions. Phenotypes are extremely heterogeneous and overlapping. Therefore, diagnosis and management frequently involve various health specialists. Given the rarity of these disorders and the limited number of centers offering optimal care, the Scientific Committee of the Italian Macrodactyly and PROS Association has proposed a revision of the most recent recommendations for the diagnosis, molecular testing, clinical management, follow-up, and treatment strategies. These recommendations give insight on molecular diagnosis, eligible samples, preferable sequencing, and validation methods and management of negative results. The purpose of this paper is to promote collaboration between health care centers and clinicians with a joint shared approach. Finally, we suggest the direction of present and future research studies, including new systemic target therapies, which are currently under evaluation in several clinical trials, such as specific inhibitors that can be employed to downregulate the signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzin
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Postgraduate School of Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Germana Viscogliosi
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Federica Borgini
- Italian Macrodactyly and PROS Association, 27010 San Genesio ed Uniti (PV), Italy;
| | - Lucrezia Perri
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.P.); (G.Z.)
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.); (M.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.); (M.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Maurizio De Pellegrin
- Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Piccole Figlie Hospital, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Department of Orthopedics, ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (L.P.); (G.Z.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sabrina Buonuomo
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.I.); (M.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.)
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15
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Guo F, Yang X, Hu C, Li W, Han W. Network Pharmacology Combined with Machine Learning to Reveal the Action Mechanism of Licochalcone Intervention in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15935. [PMID: 37958916 PMCID: PMC10649909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are reports indicating that licochalcones can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells by promoting the expression of autophagy-related proteins, inhibiting the expression of cell cycle proteins and angiogenic factors, and regulating autophagy and apoptosis. This study aims to reveal the potential mechanisms of licochalcone A (LCA), licochalcone B (LCB), licochalcone C (LCC), licochalcone D (LCD), licochalcone E (LCE), licochalcone F (LCF), and licochalcone G (LCG) inhibition in liver cancer through computer-aided screening strategies. By using machine learning clustering analysis to search for other structurally similar components in licorice, quantitative calculations were conducted to collect the structural commonalities of these components related to liver cancer and to identify key residues involved in the interactions between small molecules and key target proteins. Our research results show that the seven licochalcones molecules interfere with the cancer signaling pathway via the NF-κB signaling pathway, PDL1 expression and PD1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, and others. Glypallichalcone, Echinatin, and 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-2-methoxychalcone in licorice also have similar structures to the seven licochalcones, which may indicate their similar effects. We also identified the key residues (including ASN364, GLY365, TRP366, and TYR485) involved in the interactions between ten flavonoids and the key target protein (nitric oxide synthase 2). In summary, we provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of licorice flavonoids, providing new ideas for the design of small molecules for liver cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wannan Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (F.G.); (X.Y.); (C.H.)
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (F.G.); (X.Y.); (C.H.)
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16
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Reynolds G, Cardaropoli S, Carli D, Luca M, Gazzin A, Coppo P, La Selva R, Piglionica M, Bagnulo R, Turchiano A, Ranieri C, Resta N, Mussa A. Epidemiology of the disorders of the Pik3ca-related overgrowth spectrum (Pros). Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1333-1336. [PMID: 37365400 PMCID: PMC10620148 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PIK3CA pathogenic variants are responsible for a group of overgrowth syndromes, collectively known as PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum (PROS). These gain-of-function variants arise postzygotically, and, according to time of onset, kind of embryonal tissue affected and regional body extension, give rise to heterogeneous phenotypes. PROS rarity and heterogeneity hamper the correct estimation of its epidemiology. Our work represents the first attempt to define the prevalence of PROS according to the established diagnostic criteria and molecular analysis and based on solid demographic data. We assessed the prevalence in Piedmont Region (Italy), including in the study all participants diagnosed with PROS born there from 1998 to 2021. The search identified 37 cases of PROS born across the 25-year period, providing a prevalence of 1:22,313 live births. Molecular analysis was positive in 81.0% of participants. Taking into account the cases with a detected variant in PIK3CA (n = 30), prevalence of molecularly positive PROS was 1:27,519.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Reynolds
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Cardaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Luca
- Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzin
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Coppo
- Pediatric Dermatology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta La Selva
- Pediatric Dermatology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Turchiano
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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17
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Buckbinder L, St. Jean DJ, Tieu T, Ladd B, Hilbert B, Wang W, Alltucker JT, Manimala S, Kryukov GV, Brooijmans N, Dowdell G, Jonsson P, Huff M, Guzman-Perez A, Jackson EL, Goncalves MD, Stuart DD. STX-478, a Mutant-Selective, Allosteric PI3Kα Inhibitor Spares Metabolic Dysfunction and Improves Therapeutic Response in PI3Kα-Mutant Xenografts. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2432-2447. [PMID: 37623743 PMCID: PMC10618743 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PIK3CA) is one of the most mutated genes across cancers, especially breast, gynecologic, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumors. Mutations occur throughout the gene, but hotspot mutations in the helical and kinase domains predominate. The therapeutic benefit of isoform-selective PI3Kα inhibition was established with alpelisib, which displays equipotent activity against the wild-type and mutant enzyme. Inhibition of wild-type PI3Kα is associated with severe hyperglycemia and rash, which limits alpelisib use and suggests that selectively targeting mutant PI3Kα could reduce toxicity and improve efficacy. Here we describe STX-478, an allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor that selectively targets prevalent PI3Kα helical- and kinase-domain mutant tumors. STX-478 demonstrated robust efficacy in human tumor xenografts without causing the metabolic dysfunction observed with alpelisib. Combining STX-478 with fulvestrant and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors was well tolerated and provided robust and durable tumor regression in ER+HER2- xenograft tumor models. SIGNIFICANCE These preclinical data demonstrate that the mutant-selective, allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor STX-478 provides robust efficacy while avoiding the metabolic dysfunction associated with the nonselective inhibitor alpelisib. Our results support the ongoing clinical evaluation of STX-478 in PI3Kα-mutated cancers, which is expected to expand the therapeutic window and mitigate counterregulatory insulin release. See related commentary by Kearney and Vasan, p. 2313. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2293.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. St. Jean
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trang Tieu
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brendon Ladd
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brendan Hilbert
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weixue Wang
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Samantha Manimala
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Gregory Dowdell
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Jonsson
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Huff
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Erica L. Jackson
- Department of Biology, Scorpion Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus D. Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Darrin D. Stuart
- Research and Development, Scorpion Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Faivre L, Crépin JC, Réda M, Nambot S, Carmignac V, Abadie C, Mirault T, Faure-Conter C, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Maza A, Puzenat E, Collonge-Rame MA, Bursztejn AC, Philippe C, Thauvin-Robinet C, Chevarin M, Abasq-Thomas C, Amiel J, Arpin S, Barbarot S, Baujat G, Bessis D, Bourrat E, Boute O, Chassaing N, Coubes C, Demeer B, Edery P, El Chehadeh S, Goldenberg A, Hadj-Rabia S, Haye D, Isidor B, Jacquemont ML, Van Kien PK, Lacombe D, Lehalle D, Lambert L, Martin L, Maruani A, Morice-Picard F, Petit F, Phan A, Pinson L, Rossi M, Touraine R, Vanlerberghe C, Vincent M, Vincent-Delorme C, Whalen S, Willems M, Marle N, Verkarre V, Devalland C, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Abad M, Rioux-Leclercq N, Bonniaud B, Duffourd Y, Martel J, Binquet C, Kuentz P, Vabres P. Low risk of embryonic and other cancers in PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum: Impact on screening recommendations. Clin Genet 2023; 104:554-563. [PMID: 37580112 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses various conditions caused by mosaic activating PIK3CA variants. PIK3CA somatic variants are also involved in various cancer types. Some generalized overgrowth syndromes are associated with an increased risk of Wilms tumor (WT). In PROS, abdominal ultrasound surveillance has been advocated to detect WT. We aimed to determine the risk of embryonic and other types of tumors in patients with PROS in order to evaluate surveillance relevance. We searched the clinical charts from 267 PROS patients for the diagnosis of cancer, and reviewed the medical literature for the risk of cancer. In our cohort, six patients developed a cancer (2.2%), and Kaplan Meier analyses estimated cumulative probabilities of cancer occurrence at 45 years of age was 5.6% (95% CI = 1.35%-21.8%). The presence of the PIK3CA variant was only confirmed in two out of four tumor samples. In the literature and our cohort, six cases of Wilms tumor/nephrogenic rests (0.12%) and four cases of other cancers have been reported out of 483 proven PIK3CA patients, in particular the p.(His1047Leu/Arg) variant. The risk of WT in PROS being lower than 5%, this is insufficient evidence to recommend routine abdominal imaging. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate the risk of other cancer types, as well as the relationship with the extent of tissue mosaicism and the presence or not of the variant in the tumor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Faivre
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs et FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Crépin
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de référence Maladies Rares Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Manon Réda
- Oncogénétique, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nambot
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs et FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Oncogénétique, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre de référence Maladies Rares Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Tristan Mirault
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC INSERM U970, Centre de référence des maladies vasculaires rares, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Aude Maza
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Puzenat
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Philippe
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- UF6254 Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Plate-forme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Martin Chevarin
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- UF6254 Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Plate-forme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Abasq-Thomas
- Département de Pédiatrie et Génétique Médicale, CHU Brest Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Arpin
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Geneviève Baujat
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Didier Bessis
- Département de Dermatologie, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bourrat
- Service de dermatologie, centre de référence maladies génétiques à expression cutanée MAGEC, CHU St-Louis, Service de pédiatrie générale, CHU Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Odile Boute
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Compétence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies rares et Médecine Personnalisée, et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Demeer
- Centre d'Activité de Génétique Clinique et Oncogénétique, CHU d'Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Service de génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GENDEV Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), CHRU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Rouen et Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, Rouen, France
| | - Smail Hadj-Rabia
- Service de Dermatologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Damien Haye
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Line Jacquemont
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Philippe Khau Van Kien
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre de Compétence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laetitia Lambert
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alice Phan
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies rares et Médecine Personnalisée, et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Service de génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GENDEV Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Compétence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Clémence Vanlerberghe
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Vincent-Delorme
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies rares et Médecine Personnalisée, et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Marle
- UF6254 Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, Plate-forme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France et INSERM UMR 970, Equipe 13, PARCC Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christine Devalland
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Nord Franche Comté, Trevenans, France
| | | | - Marine Abad
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Yannis Duffourd
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jehanne Martel
- Centre de référence Maladies Rares Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Binquet
- INSERM, Université de Bourgogne, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, CIC 1432, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, PCBio, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre Vabres
- Equipe INSERM UMR1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, FHU TRANSLAD, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Service de Dermatologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de référence Maladies Rares Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
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19
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Kücükdisli M, Bel-Abed H, Cirillo D, Lo WT, Efrém NL, Horatscheck A, Perepelittchenko L, Prokofeva P, Ehret TAL, Radetzki S, Neuenschwander M, Specker E, Médard G, Müller S, Wilhelm S, Kuster B, von Kries JP, Haucke V, Nazaré M. Structural Basis for Highly Selective Class II Alpha Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Inhibition. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14278-14302. [PMID: 37819647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Class II phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) play central roles in cell signaling, division, migration, and survival. Despite evidence that all PI3K class II isoforms serve unique cellular functions, the lack of isoform-selective inhibitors severely hampers the systematic investigation of their potential relevance as pharmacological targets. Here, we report the structural evaluation and molecular determinants for selective PI3K-C2α inhibition by a structure-activity relationship study based on a pteridinone scaffold, leading to the discovery of selective PI3K-C2α inhibitors called PITCOINs. Cocrystal structures and docking experiments supported the rationalization of the structural determinants essential for inhibitor activity and high selectivity. Profiling of PITCOINs in a panel of more than 118 diverse kinases showed no off-target kinase inhibition. Notably, by addressing a selectivity pocket, PITCOIN4 showed nanomolar inhibition of PI3K-C2α and >100-fold selectivity in a general kinase panel. Our study paves the way for the development of novel therapies for diseases related to PI3K-C2α function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kücükdisli
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hassen Bel-Abed
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen-Ting Lo
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina-Louisa Efrém
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Horatscheck
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liudmila Perepelittchenko
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Prokofeva
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Theresa A L Ehret
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Radetzki
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wilhelm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Madsen RR, Toker A. PI3K signaling through a biochemical systems lens. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105224. [PMID: 37673340 PMCID: PMC10570132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Following 3 decades of extensive research into PI3K signaling, it is now evidently clear that the underlying network does not equate to a simple ON/OFF switch. This is best illustrated by the multifaceted nature of the many diseases associated with aberrant PI3K signaling, including common cancers, metabolic disease, and rare developmental disorders. However, we are still far from a complete understanding of the fundamental control principles that govern the numerous phenotypic outputs that are elicited by activation of this well-characterized biochemical signaling network, downstream of an equally diverse set of extrinsic inputs. At its core, this is a question on the role of PI3K signaling in cellular information processing and decision making. Here, we review the determinants of accurate encoding and decoding of growth factor signals and discuss outstanding questions in the PI3K signal relay network. We emphasize the importance of quantitative biochemistry, in close integration with advances in single-cell time-resolved signaling measurements and mathematical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa R Madsen
- MRC-Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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21
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Paul M, Fruman DA. The road less traveled: activating an oncogenic kinase. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:640-642. [PMID: 37553270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Elevated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity in human tumors has prompted widespread efforts to develop chemical PI3K inhibitors for oncology indications. In an innovative new study, Gong et al. report the discovery of a highly selective activator of the PI3Kα isoform, with promising activity in assays of nerve regrowth and cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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22
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Sasaki Y, Ishikawa K, Hatanaka KC, Oyamada Y, Sakuhara Y, Shimizu T, Saito T, Murao N, Onodera T, Miura T, Maeda T, Funayama E, Hatanaka Y, Yamamoto Y, Sasaki S. Targeted next-generation sequencing for detection of PIK3CA mutations in archival tissues from patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in an Asian population : List the full names and institutional addresses for all authors. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:270. [PMID: 37667289 PMCID: PMC10478188 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare slow-flow combined vascular malformation with limb hypertrophy. KTS is thought to lie on the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum, but reports are limited. PIK3CA encodes p110α, a catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) that plays an essential role in the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. We aimed to demonstrate the clinical utility of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in identifying PIK3CA mosaicism in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from patients with KTS. RESULTS Participants were 9 female and 5 male patients with KTS diagnosed as capillaro-venous malformation (CVM) or capillaro-lymphatico-venous malformation (CLVM). Median age at resection was 14 years (range, 5-57 years). Median archival period before DNA extraction from FFPE tissues was 5.4 years (range, 3-7 years). NGS-based sequencing of PIK3CA achieved an amplicon mean coverage of 119,000x. PIK3CA missense mutations were found in 12 of 14 patients (85.7%; 6/8 CVM and 6/6 CLVM), with 8 patients showing the hotspot variants E542K, E545K, H1047R, and H1047L. The non-hotspot PIK3CA variants C420R, Q546K, and Q546R were identified in 4 patients. Overall, the mean variant allele frequency for identified PIK3CA variants was 6.9% (range, 1.6-17.4%). All patients with geographic capillary malformation, histopathological lymphatic malformation or macrodactyly of the foot had PIK3CA variants. No genotype-phenotype association between hotspot and non-hotspot PIK3CA variants was found. Histologically, the vessels and adipose tissues of the lesions showed phosphorylation of the proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, including p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-4EBP1. CONCLUSIONS The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mesenchymal tissues was activated in patients with KTS. Amplicon-based targeted NGS could identify low-level mosaicism from low-input DNA extracted from FFPE tissues, potentially providing a diagnostic option for personalized medicine with inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sasaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishikawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oyamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakuhara
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimizu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Saito
- Research Division of Genome Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
- Riken Genesis Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Murao
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Taku Maeda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Emi Funayama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Division of Genome Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuhei Yamamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoru Sasaki
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
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23
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Mentis AFA, Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Do 'cancer mutations' stand only for cancer? Translational and clinical implications. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:684-686. [PMID: 37414648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA mutations represent a hallmark of cancer. However, next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have revealed that similar somatic mutations are present in healthy tissues as well as in those of several diseases, aging, abnormal vascular formation, and in placental development. These findings call for a reappraisal of whether such mutations are pathognomonic for cancer and provide further mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- First University Department of Respiratory Medicine, 'Sotiria' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
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24
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Ma S, Wang Z, Li C, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li L, An F, Qiao X. CEACAM1 as a molecular target in oral cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8137-8154. [PMID: 37589542 PMCID: PMC10497000 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The majority of oral cancer is caused by malignant transformation of squamous cells in surface of the oral mucosa. However, the relationship between CEACAM1 and oral cancer is unclear. METHODS GSE23558 and GSE25099 profiles were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) Network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene expression heatmap, immune infiltration analysis, comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) were performed. TargetScan screened miRNAs that regulated central DEGs. Western blotting (WB) experiment was performed. RESULTS 1269 DEGs were identified. According to GO analysis, they were mainly enriched in same protein binding, signal receptor binding, cell surface, epithelial cell development. KEGG analysis showed that they were mainly enriched in cancer pathways, PI3K Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF kappa B signaling pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway. PPI network showed that 11 genes (CDCA8, CCNA2, MELK, KIF2C, CDC45, HMMR, TPX2, CENPF, CDK1, CEP55, CEACAM1) were obtained. Gene expression heatmap showed that CEP55 and MELK were highly expressed in oral cancer samples. CEACAM1 was lowly expressed in oral cancer samples. CEACAM1, CEP55 and MELK were involved in tumor, inflammation, necrosis, and proliferation. Western blotting (WB) showed that CEACAM1 in oral cancer samples was lower than that in normal samples, after CEACAM1 knockdown, it was lower than that in oral cancer samples. CONCLUSION CEACAM1 is lowly expressed in oral cancer, the lower CEACAM1, the worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Liheng Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Feng An
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
| | - Xiaoli Qiao
- Department of Central Sterile Supply, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China
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25
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Chen H, Sun B, Gao W, Qiu Y, Hua C, Lin X. Delineation of the phenotypes and genotypes of facial infiltrating lipomatosis associated with PIK3CA mutations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:189. [PMID: 37452404 PMCID: PMC10347770 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial infiltrating lipomatosis (FIL) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by unilateral facial swelling, for which surgery is the prevailing therapeutic option. Several studies have shown that the development of FIL is closely associated with PIK3CA mutations. This study aimed to further identify rare clinical features and underlying molecular variants in patients with FIL. RESULTS Eighteen patients were included in this study, and all patients presented with infiltrating adipose tissues confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Macrodactyly, polydactyly, hemimegalencephaly and hemihyperplasia were also observed in patients with FIL. In total, eight different PIK3CA mutations were detected in tissues obtained from sixteen patients, including the missense mutations p.His1047Arg (n = 4), p.Cys420Arg (n = 2), p.Glu453Lys (n = 2), p.Glu542Lys (n = 2), p.Glu418Lys (n = 1), p.Glu545Lys (n = 1), and p.His1047Tyr (n = 1) and the deletion mutation p.Glu110del (n = 3). Furthermore, the GNAQ mutation p.Arg183Gln was detected in the epidermal nevus tissue of one patient. Imaging revealed that several patients carrying hotspot mutations had more severe adipose infiltration and skeletal deformities. CONCLUSIONS The abundant clinical presentations and genetic profiles of FIL make it difficult to treat. PIK3CA mutations drive the pathogenesis of FIL, and PIK3CA hotspot mutations may lead to more extensive infiltration of lipomatosis. Understanding the molecular variant profile of FIL will facilitate the application of novel PI3K-targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hua
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Gong GQ, Bilanges B, Allsop B, Masson GR, Roberton V, Askwith T, Oxenford S, Madsen RR, Conduit SE, Bellini D, Fitzek M, Collier M, Najam O, He Z, Wahab B, McLaughlin SH, Chan AWE, Feierberg I, Madin A, Morelli D, Bhamra A, Vinciauskaite V, Anderson KE, Surinova S, Pinotsis N, Lopez-Guadamillas E, Wilcox M, Hooper A, Patel C, Whitehead MA, Bunney TD, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT, Katan M, Yellon DM, Davidson SM, Smith DM, Phillips JB, Angell R, Williams RL, Vanhaesebroeck B. A small-molecule PI3Kα activator for cardioprotection and neuroregeneration. Nature 2023; 618:159-168. [PMID: 37225977 PMCID: PMC7614683 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the potential beneficial effects of kinase signalling through the generation of direct kinase activators remains an underexplored area of drug development1-5. This also applies to the PI3K signalling pathway, which has been extensively targeted by inhibitors for conditions with PI3K overactivation, such as cancer and immune dysregulation. Here we report the discovery of UCL-TRO-1938 (referred to as 1938 hereon), a small-molecule activator of the PI3Kα isoform, a crucial effector of growth factor signalling. 1938 allosterically activates PI3Kα through a distinct mechanism by enhancing multiple steps of the PI3Kα catalytic cycle and causes both local and global conformational changes in the PI3Kα structure. This compound is selective for PI3Kα over other PI3K isoforms and multiple protein and lipid kinases. It transiently activates PI3K signalling in all rodent and human cells tested, resulting in cellular responses such as proliferation and neurite outgrowth. In rodent models, acute treatment with 1938 provides cardioprotection from ischaemia-reperfusion injury and, after local administration, enhances nerve regeneration following nerve crush. This study identifies a chemical tool to directly probe the PI3Kα signalling pathway and a new approach to modulate PI3K activity, widening the therapeutic potential of targeting these enzymes through short-term activation for tissue protection and regeneration. Our findings illustrate the potential of activating kinases for therapeutic benefit, a currently largely untapped area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Q Gong
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Allsop
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glenn R Masson
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Victoria Roberton
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor Askwith
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sally Oxenford
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ralitsa R Madsen
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Conduit
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dom Bellini
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martina Fitzek
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Matt Collier
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Osman Najam
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhenhe He
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Wahab
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - A W Edith Chan
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Madin
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Morelli
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amandeep Bhamra
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanesa Vinciauskaite
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Silvia Surinova
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Wilcox
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Hooper
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chandni Patel
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Whitehead
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Smith
- Emerging Innovations, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Phillips
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Angell
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Bardwell AJ, Paul M, Yoneda KC, Andrade-Ludeña MD, Nguyen OT, Fruman DA, Bardwell L. The WW domain of IQGAP1 binds directly to the p110α catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase. Biochem J 2023; 480:BCJ20220493. [PMID: 37145016 PMCID: PMC10625650 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multi-domain cancer-associated protein that serves as a scaffold protein for multiple signaling pathways. Numerous binding partners have been found for the calponin homology, IQ and GAP-related domains in IQGAP1. Identification of a binding partner for its WW domain has proven elusive, however, even though a cell-penetrating peptide derived from this domain has marked anti-tumor activity. Here, using in vitro binding assays with human proteins and co-precipitation from human cells, we show that the WW domain of human IQGAP1 binds directly to the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). In contrast, the WW domain does not bind to ERK1/2, MEK1/2, or the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K when p85α is expressed alone. However, the WW domain is able to bind to the p110α/p85α heterodimer when both subunits are co-expressed, as well as to the mutationally activated p110α/p65α heterodimer. We present a model of the structure of the IQGAP1 WW domain, and experimentally identify key residues in the hydrophobic core and beta strands of the WW domain that are required for binding to p110α. These findings contribute to a more precise understanding of IQGAP1-mediated scaffolding, and of how IQGAP1-derived therapeutic peptides might inhibit tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jane Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Madhuri Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kiku C. Yoneda
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - Oanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - David A. Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Lee Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
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28
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Li P, Zhao Y. Methods and biomarkers for early detection, prediction, and diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114786. [PMID: 37119736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common digestive diseases worldwide. It has steadily ascended to the top three cancers in terms of incidence and mortality. The primary cause is the inability to diagnose it at an early stage. Therefore, early detection and diagnosis are essential for colorectal cancer prevention. Although there are now various methods for CRC early detection, in addition to recent developments in surgical and multimodal therapy, the poor prognosis and late detection of CRC still remain significant. Thus, it is important to investigate novel technologies and biomarkers to improve the sensitization and specification of CRC diagnosis. Here, we present some common methods and biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of CRC, we hope this review will encourage the adoption of screening programs and the clinical use of these potential molecules as biomarkers for CRC early detection and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province affiliated to Qingdao University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Immune Cells of Qingdao, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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29
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Gupta MN, Uversky VN. Moonlighting enzymes: when cellular context defines specificity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:130. [PMID: 37093283 PMCID: PMC11073002 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
It is not often realized that the absolute protein specificity is an exception rather than a rule. Two major kinds of protein multi-specificities are promiscuity and moonlighting. This review discusses the idea of enzyme specificity and then focusses on moonlighting. Some important examples of protein moonlighting, such as crystallins, ceruloplasmin, metallothioniens, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. How protein plasticity and intrinsic disorder enable the removing the distinction between enzymes and other biologically active proteins are outlined. Finally, information on important roles of moonlighting in human diseases is updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA.
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30
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Girgis M, Benedetti DJ. A case of high-risk neuroblastoma in a child with CLOVES syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023:e30393. [PMID: 37092956 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Girgis
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Benedetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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31
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Zhang J, Croft J, Le A. Familial CCM Genes Might Not Be Main Drivers for Pathogenesis of Sporadic CCMs-Genetic Similarity between Cancers and Vascular Malformations. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040673. [PMID: 37109059 PMCID: PMC10143507 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are abnormally dilated intracranial capillaries that form cerebrovascular lesions with a high risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Recently, several somatic "activating" gain-of-function (GOF) point mutations in PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit p110α) were discovered as a dominant mutation in the lesions of sporadic forms of cerebral cavernous malformation (sCCM), raising the possibility that CCMs, like other types of vascular malformations, fall in the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). However, this possibility has been challenged with different interpretations. In this review, we will continue our efforts to expound the phenomenon of the coexistence of gain-of-function (GOF) point mutations in the PIK3CA gene and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in CCM genes in the CCM lesions of sCCM and try to delineate the relationship between mutagenic events with CCM lesions in a temporospatial manner. Since GOF PIK3CA point mutations have been well studied in reproductive cancers, especially breast cancer as a driver oncogene, we will perform a comparative meta-analysis for GOF PIK3CA point mutations in an attempt to demonstrate the genetic similarities shared by both cancers and vascular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jacob Croft
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alexander Le
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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32
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Petkova M, Kraft M, Stritt S, Martinez-Corral I, Ortsäter H, Vanlandewijck M, Jakic B, Baselga E, Castillo SD, Graupera M, Betsholtz C, Mäkinen T. Immune-interacting lymphatic endothelial subtype at capillary terminals drives lymphatic malformation. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220741. [PMID: 36688917 PMCID: PMC9884640 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, encoding p110α-PI3K, are a common cause of venous and lymphatic malformations. Vessel type-specific disease pathogenesis is poorly understood, hampering development of efficient therapies. Here, we reveal a new immune-interacting subtype of Ptx3-positive dermal lymphatic capillary endothelial cells (iLECs) that recruit pro-lymphangiogenic macrophages to promote progressive lymphatic overgrowth. Mouse model of Pik3caH1047R-driven vascular malformations showed that proliferation was induced in both venous and lymphatic ECs but sustained selectively in LECs of advanced lesions. Single-cell transcriptomics identified the iLEC population, residing at lymphatic capillary terminals of normal vasculature, that was expanded in Pik3caH1047R mice. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including monocyte/macrophage chemokine Ccl2, in Pik3caH1047R-iLECs was associated with recruitment of VEGF-C-producing macrophages. Macrophage depletion, CCL2 blockade, or anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibition limited Pik3caH1047R-driven lymphangiogenesis. Thus, targeting the paracrine crosstalk involving iLECs and macrophages provides a new therapeutic opportunity for lymphatic malformations. Identification of iLECs further indicates that peripheral lymphatic vessels not only respond to but also actively orchestrate inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Petkova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marle Kraft
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon Stritt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ines Martinez-Corral
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bojana Jakic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eulàlia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sandra D. Castillo
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenvironment Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Neo, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Claire Hou YC, Evenson MJ, Corliss MM, Mahapatra L, Aldawood A, Carpentieri DF, Chamlin SL, Kulungowski AM, Madan-Khetarpal S, Sebastian J, Pet MA, Coughlin CC, Willing MC, Pearson GD, Setty BA, El-Haffaf Z, Cottrell CE, Parikh BA, Krysiak K, Schroeder MC, Heusel JW, Neidich JA, Cao Y. A comparative analysis of RAS variants in patients with disorders of somatic mosaicism. Genet Med 2023; 25:100348. [PMID: 36571464 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE RAS genes (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS) are commonly found to be mutated in cancers, and activating RAS variants are also found in disorders of somatic mosaicism (DoSM). A survey of the mutational spectrum of RAS variants in DoSM has not been performed. METHODS A total of 938 individuals with suspected DoSM underwent high-sensitivity clinical next-generation sequencing-based testing. We investigated the mutational spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations of mosaic RAS variants. RESULTS In this article, we present a series of individuals with DoSM with RAS variants. Classic hotspots, including Gly12, Gly13, and Gln61 constituted the majority of RAS variants observed in DoSM. Furthermore, we present 12 individuals with HRAS and KRAS in-frame duplication/insertion (dup/ins) variants in the switch II domain. Among the 18.3% individuals with RAS in-frame dup/ins variants, clinical findings were mainly associated with vascular malformations. Hotspots were associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum, including vascular tumors, vascular malformations, nevoid proliferations, segmental overgrowth, digital anomalies, and combinations of these. The median age at testing was higher and the variant allelic fraction was lower in individuals with in-frame dup/ins variants than those in individuals with mosaic RAS hotspots. CONCLUSION Our work provides insight into the allelic and clinical heterogeneity of mosaic RAS variants in nonmalignant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Claire Hou
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J Evenson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Meagan M Corliss
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lily Mahapatra
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ali Aldawood
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Sarah L Chamlin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Division of Dermatology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ann M Kulungowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Jessica Sebastian
- Division of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mitchell A Pet
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carrie C Coughlin
- Division of Dermatology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marcia C Willing
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gregory D Pearson
- Department of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Bhuvana A Setty
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Zaki El-Haffaf
- Genetic Medicine Service, Montreal University Hospital (CHUM-CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine E Cottrell
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Bijal A Parikh
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kilannin Krysiak
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Molly C Schroeder
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jonathan W Heusel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Julie A Neidich
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
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Lima T, Perpétuo L, Henrique R, Fardilha M, Leite-Moreira A, Bastos J, Vitorino R. Galectin-3 in prostate cancer and heart diseases: a biomarker for these two frightening pathologies? Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2763-2778. [PMID: 36583779 PMCID: PMC10011345 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) belongs to galectin protein family, a type of β-galactose-binding lectin having more than one evolutionarily conserved domain of carbohydrate recognition. Gal-3 is mainly located in the cytoplasm, but it also enters the nucleus and is secreted into the extracellular environment and biological fluids such as urine, saliva, and serum. It plays an important role in many biological functions, such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell differentiation, cell growth, fibrosis, inflammation, host defense, cellular modification, splicing of pre-mRNA, and transformation. Many previous studies have shown that Gal-3 can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for heart ailments, kidney diseases, and other major illnesses including cancer. Moreover, it may also play a major role in risk stratification in different diseases, and in this review, we have summarized the potential roles and application of Gal-3 as diagnostic, prognostic, and risk stratifying biomarker from previously reported studies in heart diseases and cancer, with special emphasis on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Lima
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. .,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Perpétuo
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, UnIC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050‑313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, UnIC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Bastos
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, UnIC, Porto, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Cieleń G, Derks M, Knol E, Sell-Kubiak E. The impact of Box-Cox transformation on phenotypic and genomic characteristics of litter size variability in Landrace pigs. Animal 2023; 17:100784. [PMID: 37075532 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of variability remains of interest especially in traits of high economic importance, e.g. litter size in pigs. It has been indicated that the data transformation can affect the variability phenotype. This study aims to evaluate the phenotypic and genomic background of variability of litter size obtained from data before and after the Box-Cox transformation. In total, 67 500 records on the total number born (TNB) in Landrace pig population were used. Since the data presented skewness, the decision was made to perform Box-Cox transformation on TNB and obtain bcTNB. Next, the phenotypic variability was estimated as log-transformed variance of residuals (LnVar) for both TNB (LnVar_TNB) and bcTNB (LnVar_bcTNB). The variability traits were further used in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed on 10 688 sows genotyped with Axiom porcine 660 K or imputed to 660 K SNP-chip. The substantial difference in skewness was observed after data transformation, represented as a change from -0.46 to -0.02. Heritability for TNB was 0.118 vs 0.125 for bcTNB. The heritability for LnVar_TNB was 0.0025 vs 0.0037 for LnVar_bcTNB. The change in the genetic variance was confirmed when genetic coefficients on SD level were compared: 2% for LnVar_TNB vs 4% for LnVar_bcTNB. In bivariate analysis, the genetic correlation between the additive genetic effects of the mean TNB and its variability changed from 0.38 to 0.63. The observed positive genetic correlations indicated that selection focused on increasing the litter size will simultaneously cause an increase in litter size variability. Based on GWAS, 14 SNPs were detected for LnVar_TNB and eight for LnVar_bcTNB, with two of them indicating the most promising candidate genes. First candidate gene located on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 3 is STAG3, which plays an essential role in gametogenesis. Second gene located on SSC 10 is ESRRG, which affects placenta development. The additional post-GWAS analysis indicated even more candidate genes for LnVar_TNB and LnVar_bcTNB. The most promising candidate gene was located on SSC 13 - MFN1, which is involved in embryonic development. The results of this study indicated a substantial change in variance components for variability when the Box-Cox transformation was applied to data presenting skewness. Moreover, the data transformation changed the phenotype substantially enough that only part of SNP overlapped between two variability traits. Our investigation shows that it is essential to perform Box-Cox transformation for skewed data in order to properly describe phenotypic and genomic properties of litter size variability in Landrace pigs.
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LoPresti MA, Du RY, Lee JE, Iacobas I, Bergstrom K, McClugage SG, Lam SK. Germline genetic mutations in pediatric cerebrovascular anomalies: a multidisciplinary approach to screening, testing, and management. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2023; 31:212-220. [PMID: 36681951 DOI: 10.3171/2022.11.peds22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic alterations are increasingly recognized as etiologic factors linked to the pathogenesis and development of cerebrovascular anomalies. Their identification allows for advanced screening and targeted therapeutic approaches. The authors aimed to describe the role of a collaborative approach to care and genetic testing in pediatric patients with neurovascular anomalies, with the objectives of identifying what genetic testing recommendations were made, the yield of genetic testing, and the implications for familial screening and management at present and in the future. METHODS The authors performed a descriptive retrospective cohort study examining pediatric patients genetically screened through the Pediatric Neurovascular Program of a single treatment center. Patients 18 years of age and younger with neurovascular anomalies, diagnosed radiographically or histopathologically, were evaluated for germline genetic testing. Patient demographic data and germline genetic testing and recommendation, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Sixty patients were included; 29 (47.5%) were female. The mean age at consultation was 11.0 ± 4.9 years. Diagnoses included cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) (n = 23), cerebral cavernous malformations (n = 19), non-neurofibromatosis/non-sickle cell moyamoya (n = 8), diffuse cerebral proliferative angiopathy, and megalencephaly-capillary malformation. Of the 56 patients recommended to have genetic testing, 40 completed it. Genetic alterations were found in 13 (23%) patients. Four patients with AVMs had RASA1, GDF2, and ACVRL1 mutations. Four patients with cavernous malformations had Krit1 mutations. One with moyamoya disease had an RNF213 mutation. Three patients with megalencephaly-capillary malformation had PIK3CA mutations, and 1 patient with a cavernous sinus lesion had an MED12 mutation. The majority of AVM patients were treated surgically. Patients with diffuse cerebral proliferative angiopathy were treated medically with sirolimus. At-risk relatives of 3 patients positive for genetic anomalies had also been tested. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a role for exploring genetic alterations in the identification and treatment of pediatric neurovascular disease pathogenesis. Germline genetic mutations were found in almost one-quarter of the patients screened in this study, results that helped to identify medically targeted treatment modalities for some pediatric neurovascular patients. Insight into the genetic etiology of vascular anomalies may provide broader clinical implications for risk assessment, family screening, follow-up surveillance, and medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A LoPresti
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca Y Du
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ionela Iacobas
- 3Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine; Section of Hematology Oncology, Vascular Anomalies Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Katie Bergstrom
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samuel G McClugage
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sandi K Lam
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
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Test yourself: soft tissue mass in elbow. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:1427-1429. [PMID: 36800002 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Recurrent PIK3CA H1047R-Mutated Congenital Infiltrative Facial Lipomatosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1712-1719. [PMID: 36826055 PMCID: PMC9955733 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CILF) is a rare, congenital, nonhereditary facial overgrowth due to post-zygomatic activating mutations in PIK3CA gene. It is unilateral and involves hypertrophy of both the soft and hard tissue structures on the affected side of the face. This commonly results in early eruption of the teeth, hypertrophy of the facial bones, macroglossia, and proliferation of the parotid gland. Less than 80 cases of CILF have been reported in the literature so far. Treatment modalities include liposuction and surgical excision. However, since the hallmark of CILF is mutation in the PIK3CA gene, PI3K inhibitors may play a therapeutic role in CILF. We report a case of an 8-year-old boy with recurrent CILF of the scalp and nose, with PIK3CA H1047R mutation. We discuss the differential diagnoses, clinical outcomes, and management of this rare entity.
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Mussa A, Leoni C, Iacoviello M, Carli D, Ranieri C, Pantaleo A, Buonuomo PS, Bagnulo R, Ferrero GB, Bartuli A, Melis D, Maitz S, Loconte DC, Turchiano A, Piglionica M, De Luisi A, Susca FC, Bukvic N, Forleo C, Selicorni A, Zampino G, Onesimo R, Cappuccio G, Garavelli L, Novelli C, Memo L, Morando C, Della Monica M, Accadia M, Capurso M, Piscopo C, Cereda A, Di Giacomo MC, Saletti V, Spinelli AM, Lastella P, Tenconi R, Dvorakova V, Irvine AD, Resta N. Genotypes and phenotypes heterogeneity in PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum and overlapping conditions: 150 novel patients and systematic review of 1007 patients with PIK3CA pathogenetic variants. J Med Genet 2023; 60:163-173. [PMID: 35256403 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postzygotic activating PIK3CA variants cause several phenotypes within the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Variant strength, mosaicism level, specific tissue involvement and overlapping disorders are responsible for disease heterogeneity. We explored these factors in 150 novel patients and in an expanded cohort of 1007 PIK3CA-mutated patients, analysing our new data with previous literature to give a comprehensive picture. METHODS We performed ultradeep targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on DNA from skin biopsy, buccal swab or blood using a panel including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway genes and GNAQ, GNA11, RASA1 and TEK. Additionally, 914 patients previously reported were systematically reviewed. RESULTS 93 of our 150 patients had PIK3CA pathogenetic variants. The merged PROS cohort showed that PIK3CA variants span thorough all gene domains, some were exclusively associated with specific PROS phenotypes: weakly activating variants were associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and strongly activating variants with extra-CNS phenotypes. Among the 57 with a wild-type PIK3CA allele, 11 patients with overgrowth and vascular malformations overlapping PROS had variants in GNAQ, GNA11, RASA1 or TEK. CONCLUSION We confirm that (1) molecular diagnostic yield increases when multiple tissues are tested and by enriching NGS panels with genes of overlapping 'vascular' phenotypes; (2) strongly activating PIK3CA variants are found in affected tissue, rarely in blood: conversely, weakly activating mutations more common in blood; (3) weakly activating variants correlate with CNS involvement, strong variants are more common in cases without; (4) patients with vascular malformations overlapping those of PROS can harbour variants in genes other than PIK3CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Genetics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ranieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Sabrina Buonuomo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, MBBM Foundation, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Daria Carmela Loconte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Turchiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Annunziata De Luisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Claudio Susca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nenad Bukvic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Novelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Memo
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Carla Morando
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Maria Accadia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Italy
| | - Martina Capurso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Napoli, Italy, Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Pediatric Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Saletti
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Lastella
- Centro Sovraziendale di Assistenza e Ricerca per le Malattie Rare, Internal Medicine Unit 'C. Frugoni', Ospedale Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Romano Tenconi
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetics, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronika Dvorakova
- Dermatology Clinic, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan D Irvine
- Dermatology Clinic, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Scalia P, Williams SJ, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Giordano A. Cell cycle control by the insulin-like growth factor signal: at the crossroad between cell growth and mitotic regulation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1-37. [PMID: 36005738 PMCID: PMC9769454 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In proliferating cells and tissues a number of checkpoints (G1/S and G2/M) preceding cell division (M-phase) require the signal provided by growth factors present in serum. IGFs (I and II) have been demonstrated to constitute key intrinsic components of the peptidic active fraction of mammalian serum. In vivo genetic ablation studies have shown that the cellular signal triggered by the IGFs through their cellular receptors represents a non-replaceable requirement for cell growth and cell cycle progression. Retroactive and current evaluation of published literature sheds light on the intracellular circuitry activated by these factors providing us with a better picture of the pleiotropic mechanistic actions by which IGFs regulate both cell size and mitogenesis under developmental growth as well as in malignant proliferation. The present work aims to summarize the cumulative knowledge learned from the IGF ligands/receptors and their intracellular signaling transducers towards control of cell size and cell-cycle with particular focus to their actionable circuits in human cancer. Furthermore, we bring novel perspectives on key functional discriminants of the IGF growth-mitogenic pathway allowing re-evaluation on some of its signal components based upon established evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states,CONTACT Pierluigi Scalia ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA9102, USA
| | - Stephen J Williams
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,CST, Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United states
| | - Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Research Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Caltanissetta, Italy,School of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Italy
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41
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Vital M, Carusso F, Vergara C, Neffa F, Della Valle A, Esperón P. Genetic and epigenetic characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer from Uruguay. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154264. [PMID: 36495761 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the 3rd most frequent cancer worldwide, affects both men and women. This pathology arises from the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. In this study, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF gene mutations, mismatch repair (MMR) genes methylation profile, microsatellite instability (MSI) and CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) status were assessed. The associations of these molecular features with clinicopathological data were also investigated. A hundred and eight unselected CRC samples and their histological and clinical data, were gathered between 2017 and 2020. The prevalence of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF gene mutations was similar to that described in other populations. 28.7% of tumors were KRAS-mutated, mostly in men, distal location, with a CIMP-negative status. BRAFV600E frequency was 6.5% and associated with MSI (p = 0.048), MLH1-methylated (p < 0.001) and CIMP-High (p < 0.001) status. We also confirmed that BRAFV600E tumors were more prevalent in older women and proximal location. A striking different result was the lack of most common variants in the PIK3CA gene. A complete absence of PIK3CA-mutated tumors in a population has not been previously reported. Among MMR genes, the only with an aberrant methylation pattern was MLH1 gene. Its frequency was 9.25%, lower than previously reported. Methylated tumors were most frequent in patients older than 70 years old and proximal tumor location. Finally, CIMP-High status was mainly observed in moderately differentiated tumors with a rate of 15.7%. Our findings were consistent with previous reports in other populations, but also showed some features unique to our cohort. This study is the first to report the analysis of a large number molecular biomarkers of CRC in Uruguay and one of the few performed in Latin-America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vital
- Molecular Genetic Unit, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, CP1800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Florencia Carusso
- Uruguayan Collaborative Group, Dirección Nacional de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, 8 de Octubre 3020, CP1600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Carolina Vergara
- Uruguayan Collaborative Group, Dirección Nacional de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, 8 de Octubre 3020, CP1600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Florencia Neffa
- Uruguayan Collaborative Group, Dirección Nacional de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, 8 de Octubre 3020, CP1600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Adriana Della Valle
- Uruguayan Collaborative Group, Dirección Nacional de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, 8 de Octubre 3020, CP1600 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Patricia Esperón
- Molecular Genetic Unit, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, CP1800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Uruguayan Collaborative Group, Dirección Nacional de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, 8 de Octubre 3020, CP1600 Montevideo, Uruguay; Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.
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Ladraa S, Zerbib L, Bayard C, Fraissenon A, Venot Q, Morin G, Garneau AP, Isnard P, Chapelle C, Hoguin C, Fraitag S, Duong JP, Guibaud L, Besançon A, Kaltenbach S, Villarese P, Asnafi V, Broissand C, Goudin N, Dussiot M, Nemazanyy I, Viel T, Autret G, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Denom J, Bruneau J, Tavitian B, Legendre C, Dairou J, Lacorte JM, Levy P, Pende M, Polak M, Canaud G. PIK3CA gain-of-function mutation in adipose tissue induces metabolic reprogramming with Warburg-like effect and severe endocrine disruption. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade7823. [PMID: 36490341 PMCID: PMC9733923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) is a genetic disorder caused by somatic mosaic gain-of-function mutations of PIK3CA. Clinical presentation of patients is diverse and associated with endocrine disruption. Adipose tissue is frequently involved, but its role in disease development and progression has not been elucidated. Here, we created a mouse model of PIK3CA-related adipose tissue overgrowth that recapitulates patient phenotype. We demonstrate that PIK3CA mutation leads to GLUT4 membrane accumulation with a negative feedback loop on insulin secretion, a burst of liver IGFBP1 synthesis with IGF-1 sequestration, and low circulating levels. Mouse phenotype was mainly driven through AKT2. We also observed that PIK3CA mutation induces metabolic reprogramming with Warburg-like effect and protein and lipid synthesis, hallmarks of cancer cells, in vitro, in vivo, and in patients. We lastly show that alpelisib is efficient at preventing and improving PIK3CA-adipose tissue overgrowth and reversing metabolomic anomalies in both animal models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ladraa
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Lola Zerbib
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Charles Bayard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Fraissenon
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service d’Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HCL, Bron, France
- CREATIS UMR 5220, Villeurbanne 69100, France
- Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Quitterie Venot
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Morin
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre P. Garneau
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Isnard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d’Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Célia Chapelle
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Clément Hoguin
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Unité de médecine translationnelle et thérapies ciblées, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Service d’Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Duong
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d’Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Guibaud
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service d’Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HCL, Bron, France
| | - Alix Besançon
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Kaltenbach
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Oncohématologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Villarese
- Laboratoire d’Oncohématologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Oncohématologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Goudin
- Necker Bio-Image Analysis, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Viel
- Plateforme Imageries du Vivant, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Plateforme Imageries du Vivant, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Jessica Denom
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d’Anatomie pathologique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Plateforme Imageries du Vivant, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lacorte
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pacifique Levy
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mario Pende
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Centre des maladies endocriniennes rares de la croissance et du développement, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Unité de médecine translationnelle et thérapies ciblées, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Wilsher MJ, Shubbar S, Mugalaasi H, Poyastro-Pearson E, Chen Yuan L, Petrizan MV, MacMahon S. Syringomatous tumour of the nipple: histological, immunophenotypical and genomic characteristics. Pathology 2022; 54:941-945. [PMID: 35307203 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.12.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark James Wilsher
- North West London Pathology, NWLP, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK; Unilabs IHS, London, UK.
| | - Sara Shubbar
- North West London Pathology, NWLP, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hood Mugalaasi
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Emma Poyastro-Pearson
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Lina Chen Yuan
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Mikel Valganon Petrizan
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Suzanne MacMahon
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
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Tibarewal P, Rathbone V, Constantinou G, Pearce W, Adil M, Varyova Z, Folkes L, Hampson A, Classen GAE, Alves A, Carvalho S, Scudamore CL, Vanhaesebroeck B. Long-term treatment of cancer-prone germline PTEN mutant mice with low-dose rapamycin extends lifespan and delays tumour development. J Pathol 2022; 258:382-394. [PMID: 36073856 PMCID: PMC9828006 DOI: 10.1002/path.6009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is one of the most commonly inactivated tumour suppressor genes in sporadic cancer. Germline heterozygous PTEN gene alterations also underlie PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS), a rare human cancer-predisposition condition. A key feature of systemic PTEN deregulation is the inability to adequately dampen PI3-kinase (PI3K)/mTORC1 signalling. PI3K/mTORC1 pathway inhibitors such as rapamycin are therefore expected to neutralise the impact of PTEN loss, rendering this a more druggable context compared with those of other tumour suppressor pathways such as loss of TP53. However, this has not been explored in cancer prevention in a model of germline cancer predisposition, such as PHTS. Clinical trials of short-term treatment with rapamycin have recently been initiated for PHTS, focusing on cognition and colon polyposis. Here, we administered a low dose of rapamycin from the age of 6 weeks onwards to mice with heterozygous germline Pten loss, a mouse model that recapitulates most characteristics of human PHTS. Rapamycin was well tolerated and led to a highly significant improvement of survival in both male and female mice. This was accompanied by a delay in, but not full blockade of, the development of a range of proliferative lesions, including gastro-intestinal and thyroid tumours and endometrial hyperplasia, with no impact on mammary and prostate tumours, and no effect on brain overgrowth. Our data indicate that rapamycin may have cancer prevention potential in human PHTS. This might also be the case for sporadic cancers in which genetic PI3K pathway activation is an early event in tumour development, such as endometrial cancer and some breast cancers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a long-term treatment of a germline cancer predisposition model with a PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitor. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wayne Pearce
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahreen Adil
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zofia Varyova
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Folkes
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alix Hampson
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Adriana Alves
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Carvalho
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Chen JW, Murugesan K, Newberg JY, Sokol ES, Savage HM, Stout TJ, Maund SL, Hutchinson KE. Comparison of PIK3CA Mutation Prevalence in Breast Cancer Across Predicted Ancestry Populations. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200341. [PMID: 36446041 PMCID: PMC9812634 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the differences in biomarker prevalence that may exist among diverse populations is invaluable to accurately forecast biomarker-driven clinical trial enrollment metrics and to advance inclusive research and health equity. This study evaluated the frequency and types of PIK3CA mutations (PIK3CAmut) detected in predicted genetic ancestry subgroups across breast cancer (BC) subtypes. METHODS Analyses were conducted using real-world genomic data from adult patients with BC treated in an academic or community setting in the United States and whose tumor tissue was submitted for comprehensive genomic profiling. RESULTS Of 36,151 patients with BC (median age, 58 years; 99% female), the breakdown by predicted genetic ancestry was 75% European, 14% African, 6% Central/South American, 3% East Asian, and 1% South Asian. We demonstrated that patients of African ancestry are less likely to have tumors that harbor PIK3CAmut compared with patients of European ancestry with estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/HER2-) BC (37% [949/2,593] v 44% [7,706/17,637]; q = 4.39E-11) and triple-negative breast cancer (8% [179/2,199] v 14% [991/7,072]; q = 6.07E-13). Moreover, we found that PIK3CAmut were predominantly composed of hotspot mutations, of which mutations at H1047 were the most prevalent across BC subtypes (35%-41% ER+/HER2- BC; 43%-61% HER2+ BC; 40%-59% triple-negative breast cancer). CONCLUSION This analysis established that tumor PIK3CAmut prevalence can differ among predicted genetic ancestries across BC subtypes on the basis of the largest comprehensive genomic profiling data set of patients with cancer treated in the United States. This study highlights the need for equitable representation in research studies, which is imperative to ensuring better health outcomes for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W. Chen
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Ethan S. Sokol
- Cancer Genomics Research, Foundation Medicine, Inc, Cambridge, MA
| | - Heidi M. Savage
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Thomas J. Stout
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Sophia L. Maund
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine E. Hutchinson
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA,Katherine E. Hutchinson, PhD, Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080; Twitter: @genentech; e-mail:
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Nussinov R, Tsai CJ, Jang H. A New View of Activating Mutations in Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4114-4123. [PMID: 36069825 PMCID: PMC9664134 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A vast effort has been invested in the identification of driver mutations of cancer. However, recent studies and observations call into question whether the activating mutations or the signal strength are the major determinant of tumor development. The data argue that signal strength determines cell fate, not the mutation that initiated it. In addition to activating mutations, factors that can impact signaling strength include (i) homeostatic mechanisms that can block or enhance the signal, (ii) the types and locations of additional mutations, and (iii) the expression levels of specific isoforms of genes and regulators of proteins in the pathway. Because signal levels are largely decided by chromatin structure, they vary across cell types, states, and time windows. A strong activating mutation can be restricted by low expression, whereas a weaker mutation can be strengthened by high expression. Strong signals can be associated with cell proliferation, but too strong a signal may result in oncogene-induced senescence. Beyond cancer, moderate signal strength in embryonic neural cells may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, and moderate signals in aging may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease. The challenge for improving patient outcomes therefore lies in determining signaling thresholds and predicting signal strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
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Differential expression profiling of onco and tumor-suppressor genes from major-signaling pathways in Wilms' tumor. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1601-1617. [PMID: 36107237 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wilms' tumor is the most-frequent malignant-kidney tumor in children under 3-4 years of age and is caused by genetic alterations of oncogenes (OG) and tumor-suppressor genes (TG). Wilms' tumor has been linked to many OG-&-TG. However, only WT1 has a proven role in the development of this embryonic-tumor. METHODS The study investigates the level of mRNA expression of 16 OGs and 20 TGs involved in key-signaling pathways, including chromatin modification; RAS; APC; Cell Cycle/Apoptosis; Transcriptional Regulation; PI3K; NOTCH-&-HH; PI3K & RAS of 24-fresh Wilms'-tumor cases by capture-and-reporter probe Code-Sets chemistry, as CNVs in these pathway genes have been reported. RESULTS Upon extensively investigating, MEN1, MLL2, MLL3, PBRM1, PRDM1, SMARCB1, SETD2, WT1, PTPN11, KRAS, HRAS, NF1, APC, RB1, FUBP1, BCOR, U2AF1, PIK3CA, PTEN, EBXW7, SMO, ALK, CBL, EP300-and-GATA1 were found to be significantly up-regulated in 58.34, 62.5, 79.17, 91.67, 58, 66.66,54, 58.34, 66.67, 75, 62.5, 62.5, 58, 79.17, 79.17, 75, 70.84, 50, 50, 75, 66.66, 62.50, 61.66, 58.34-and-62.50% of cases respectively, whereas BRAF, NF2, CDH1, BCL2, FGFR3, ERBB2, MET, RET, EGFR-and-GATA2 were significantly down regulated in 58, 87.50, 79.16, 54.16, 79.17, 91.66, 66.66, 58.33, 91.66-and-62.50% of cases, respectively. Interestingly, the WT1 gene was five-fold down regulated in 41.66% of cases only. CONCLUSION Hence, extensive profiling of OGs and TGs association of major-signaling pathways in Wilms' tumor cases may aid in disease diagnosis. PBRM1 (up-regulated in 91.67% of cases), ERBB2 and EGFR (down-regulated in 91.66 and 91.66% of cases, respectively) could be marker genes. However, validation of all relevant results in a larger number of samples is required.
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Becker J, Gross UC, Weber DM, Weibel L, Theiler M, Brandt S, Bode PK. PIK3CA Mutational Analysis in Patients With Macrodactyly. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2022; 25:624-634. [PMID: 36314082 DOI: 10.1177/10935266221080155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic mosaicism for PIK3CA mutations causes various types of growth disorders, which have been summarized under the term PROS (PIK3CA related overgrowth spectrum). Targeted therapy with PI3K inhibitors seems to be a promising alternative for severe PROS cases. Therefore, PIK3CA testing may become more relevant in the future. METHODS We report on 14 PROS patients, who had surgery for macrodactyly in the majority of cases. Clinical data were retrieved from the patient's records. Macroscopic and microscopic findings were retrospectively reviewed. Mutational analysis was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material. RESULTS Patient age ranged from 7 months to 35 years. Five patients showed additional anomalies. One patient had CLOVES syndrome. The majority of the specimens were ray resections characterized by hypertrophic fat tissue. Overall, microscopy was subtle. The abnormal adipose tissue showed lobules exhibiting at least focally fibrous septa. In each case, we could detect a PIK3CA mutation. CONCLUSION Histology of affected fat tissue in PROS patients is overall nonspecific. Therefore, mutational analysis represents the key to the diagnosis, especially in unclear clinical cases. We demonstrated that FFPE material is suitable for PIK3CA testing, which can be considered as basis for targeted therapy with PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Becker
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Camenisch Gross
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, 30995University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Weibel
- Pediatric Skin Center, Department of Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Theiler
- Pediatric Skin Center, Department of Dermatology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Brandt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology Medica, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter K Bode
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Kolitz E, Fernandes NJ, Agim NG, Ludwigl K. Response to Alpelisib in Clinically Distinct Pediatric Patients With PIK3CA -related Disorders. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:482-485. [PMID: 35129141 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA -related disorders include vascular malformations, potential overgrowth of various tissues, limb abnormalities, disordered soft tissue, and/or fatty hyperplasia that often leads to significant morbidity. Alpelisib, a targeted inhibitor of p110α, an enzyme encoded by the PIK3CA gene, has demonstrated success in a cohort of patients with PIK3CA -driven overgrowth syndromes. We describe the clinical course of 2 pediatric patients treated with alpelisib under the Novartis Managed Access Program. Both patients, though clinically distinct, demonstrate improvements in overgrowth volumes/extent, function of their affected limb, and quality of life, without significant adverse effects after prolonged treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysha Kolitz
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Nnenna G Agim
- Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Kathleen Ludwigl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children's Health Dallas, Dallas, TX
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50
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Tanvir I, Hassan A, Albeladi F. DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Events Underlying Renal Cell Carcinomas. Cureus 2022; 14:e30743. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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