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Harvey T, Rios M. The Role of BDNF and TrkB in the Central Control of Energy and Glucose Balance: An Update. Biomolecules 2024; 14:424. [PMID: 38672441 PMCID: PMC11048226 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global rise in obesity and related health issues, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is alarming. Gaining a deeper insight into the central neural pathways and mechanisms that regulate energy and glucose homeostasis is crucial for developing effective interventions to combat this debilitating condition. A significant body of evidence from studies in humans and rodents indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling plays a key role in regulating feeding, energy expenditure, and glycemic control. BDNF is a highly conserved neurotrophin that signals via the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor to facilitate neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity and function. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms through which BDNF influences energy and glucose balance. This review will cover our current understanding of the brain regions, neural circuits, and cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of BDNF and TrkB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Harvey
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Maribel Rios
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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2
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Jiang C, DiLeone RJ, Pittenger C, Duman RS. The endogenous opioid system in the medial prefrontal cortex mediates ketamine's antidepressant-like actions. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:90. [PMID: 38346984 PMCID: PMC10861497 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the endogenous opioid system in the antidepressant actions of ketamine, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used a combination of pharmacological, behavioral, and molecular approaches in rats to test the contribution of the prefrontal endogenous opioid system to the antidepressant-like effects of a single dose of ketamine. Both the behavioral actions of ketamine and their molecular correlates in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are blocked by acute systemic administration of naltrexone, a competitive opioid receptor antagonist. Naltrexone delivered directly into the mPFC similarly disrupts the behavioral effects of ketamine. Ketamine treatment rapidly increases levels of β-endorphin and the expression of the μ-opioid receptor gene (Oprm1) in the mPFC, and the expression of gene that encodes proopiomelanocortin, the precursor of β-endorphin, in the hypothalamus, in vivo. Finally, neutralization of β-endorphin in the mPFC using a specific antibody prior to ketamine treatment abolishes both behavioral and molecular effects. Together, these findings indicate that presence of β-endorphin and activation of opioid receptors in the mPFC are required for the antidepressant-like actions of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ralph J DiLeone
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Guo W, Liu K, Wang Y, Ge X, Ma Y, Qin J, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Shi C. Neurotrophins and neural stem cells in posttraumatic brain injury repair. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:12-23. [PMID: 38018458 PMCID: PMC10961886 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of disability, mental health disorder, and even death, with its incidence and social costs rising steadily. Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline, a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive. Studies have revealed that various neurotrophins represented by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, neurite regeneration, and memory function. These factors are instrumental in alleviating neuroinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration. In addition, neural stem cells (NSC) contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, the release of neurotrophins, the activation of endogenous NSCs, and intercellular signaling. Notably, innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs, enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogenesis and restoring neural function after TBI, comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI, and investigate their interaction with NSCs. This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI, thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Guo
- Laboratory Animal CenterFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhouP.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Laboratory Animal CenterFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhouP.R. China
| | - Yinghua Wang
- Medical College of Yan'an UniversityYan'anP.R. China
| | - Xu Ge
- Laboratory Animal CenterFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhouP.R. China
| | - Jing Qin
- Laboratory Animal CenterFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
| | - Caiqin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal CenterFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CenterFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal CenterFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anP.R. China
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4
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Higgins MBA, Glendining KA, Jasoni CL. The temporal and spatial pattern of leptin receptor-expressing cells in the developing mouse hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13366. [PMID: 38279680 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus is a crucial hypothalamic brain region involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. Neurons within the arcuate nucleus respond to peripheral metabolic signals, such as leptin, and relay these signals via neuronal projections to brain regions both within and outside the hypothalamus, ultimately causing changes in an animal's behaviour and physiology. There is a substantial amount of evidence to indicate that leptin is intimately involved with the postnatal development of arcuate nucleus melanocortin circuitry. Further, it is clear that leptin signalling directly in the arcuate nucleus is required for circuitry development. However, as leptin receptor long isoform (Leprb) mRNA is expressed in multiple nuclei within the developing hypothalamus, including the postsynaptic target regions of arcuate melanocortin projections, this raises the possibility that leptin also signals in these nuclei to promote circuitry development. Here, we used RT-qPCR and RNAscope® to reveal the spatio-temporal pattern of Leprb mRNA in the early postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We found that Leprb mRNA expression increased significantly in the arcuate nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus from P8, in concert with the leptin surge. In the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, increases in Leprb mRNA were slightly later, increasing significantly from P12. Using duplex RNAscope®, we found Leprb co-expressed with Sim1, Pou3f2, Mc4r and Bdnf in the paraventricular nucleus at P8. Together, these data suggest that leptin may signal in a subset of neurons postsynaptic to arcuate melanocortin neurons, as well as within the arcuate nucleus itself, to promote the formation of arcuate melanocortin circuitry during the early postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt B A Higgins
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kelly A Glendining
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Thompson D, Odufuwa AE, Brissette CA, Watt JA. Transcriptome and methylome of the supraoptic nucleus provides insights into the age-dependent loss of neuronal plasticity. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223273. [PMID: 37711995 PMCID: PMC10498476 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-dependent loss of neuronal plasticity is a well-known phenomenon that is poorly understood. The loss of this capacity for axonal regeneration is emphasized following traumatic brain injury, which is a major cause of disability and death among adults in the US. We have previously shown the intrinsic capacity of magnocellular neurons within the supraoptic nucleus to undergo axonal regeneration following unilateral axotomization in an age-dependent manner. The aim of this research was to determine the age-dependent molecular mechanisms that may underlie this phenomenon. As such, we characterized the transcriptome and DNA methylome of the supraoptic nucleus in uninjured 35-day old rats and 125-day old rats. Our data indicates the downregulation of a large number of axonogenesis related transcripts in 125-day old rats compared to 35-day old rats. Specifically, several semaphorin and ephrin genes were downregulated, as well as growth factors including FGF's, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Differential methylation analysis indicates enrichment of biological processes involved in axonogenesis and axon guidance. Conversely, we observed a robust and specific upregulation of MHCI related transcripts. This may involve the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex as motif analysis of differentially methylated regions indicate enrichment of AP-1 binding sites in hypomethylated regions. Together, our data suggests a loss of pro-regenerative capabilities with age which would prevent axonal growth and appropriate innervation following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John A. Watt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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Çerçi B, Gök A, Akyol A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Its role in energy balance and cancer cachexia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:105-116. [PMID: 37500391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the development of the central and peripheral nervous system during embryogenesis. In the mature central nervous system, BDNF is required for the maintenance and enhancement of synaptic transmissions and the survival of neurons. Particularly, it is involved in the modulation of neurocircuits that control energy balance through food intake, energy expenditure, and locomotion. Regulation of BDNF in the central nervous system is complex and environmental factors affect its expression in murine models which may reflect to phenotype dramatically. Furthermore, BDNF and its high-affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), as well as pan-neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is expressed in peripheral tissues in adulthood and their signaling is associated with regulation of energy balance. BDNF/TrkB signaling is exploited by cancer cells as well and BDNF expression is increased in tumors. Intriguingly, previously demonstrated roles of BDNF in regulation of food intake, adipose tissue and muscle overlap with derangements observed in cancer cachexia. However, data about the involvement of BDNF in cachectic cancer patients and murine models are scarce and inconclusive. In the future, knock-in and/or knock-out experiments with murine cancer models could be helpful to explore potential new roles for BDNF in the development of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Çerçi
- Medical School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayşenur Gök
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Transgenic Animal Technologies Research and Application Center, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Akyol
- Departmant of Pathology, Medical School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Transgenic Animal Technologies Research and Application Center, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Lu C, Zhang J, Wang B, Gao Q, Ma K, Pei S, Li J, Cui S. Casein kinase 1α is required to maintain murine hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin expression. iScience 2023; 26:106670. [PMID: 37168577 PMCID: PMC10165255 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron development is considered to play an essential role in the development of obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) was expressed in the embryonic mouse hypothalamus at high levels and colocalized with POMC neurons. CK1α deletion in POMC neurons caused weight gain, metabolic defects, and increased food intake. The number of POMC-expressing cells was considerably decreased in Csnk1a1fl/fl;POMCcre (PKO) mice from embryonic day 15.5 to postnatal day 60, while apoptosis of POMC neurons was not affected. Furthermore, unchanged POMC progenitor cells and a decreased POMC phenotype established CK1α function in hypothalamic POMC neuron development. CK1α deletion led to elevated Notch intracellular domain (NICD) protein expression, and NICD inhibition rescued the PKO mouse phenotype. In summary, CK1α is involved in hypothalamic POMC expression via NICD-POMC signaling, deepening our understanding of POMC neuron development and control of systemic metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kezhe Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaona Pei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
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Zhang J, Li S, Luo X, Zhang C. Emerging role of hypothalamus in the metabolic regulation in the offspring of maternal obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1094616. [PMID: 36819678 PMCID: PMC9928869 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1094616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has a significant impact on the metabolism of offspring both in childhood and adulthood. The metabolic regulation of offspring is influenced by the intrauterine metabolic programming induced by maternal obesity. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The hypothalamus is the primary target of metabolic programming and the principal regulatory center of energy metabolism. Accumulating evidence has indicated the crucial role of hypothalamic regulation in the metabolism of offspring exposed to maternal obesity. This article reviews the development of hypothalamus, the role of the hypothalamic regulations in energy homeostasis, possible mechanisms underlying the developmental programming of energy metabolism in offspring, and the potential therapeutic approaches for preventing metabolic diseases later in life. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and future directions of hypothalamic regulation in the metabolism of children born to obese mothers.
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Autry AE. Function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hypothalamus: Implications for depression pathology. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1028223. [PMID: 36466807 PMCID: PMC9708894 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1028223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder and is the number one cause of disability worldwide. Risk factors for depression include genetic predisposition and stressful life events, and depression is twice as prevalent in women compared to men. Both clinical and preclinical research have implicated a critical role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling in depression pathology as well as therapeutics. A preponderance of this research has focused on the role of BDNF and its primary receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) in the cortex and hippocampus. However, much of the symptomatology for depression is consistent with disruptions in functions of the hypothalamus including changes in weight, activity levels, responses to stress, and sociability. Here, we review evidence for the role of BDNF and TrkB signaling in the regions of the hypothalamus and their role in these autonomic and behavioral functions associated with depression. In addition, we identify areas for further research. Understanding the role of BDNF signaling in the hypothalamus will lead to valuable insights for sex- and stress-dependent neurobiological underpinnings of depression pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita E. Autry
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Anita E. Autry,
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Costa RO, Martins LF, Tahiri E, Duarte CB. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced regulation of RNA metabolism in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2022; 13:e1713. [PMID: 35075821 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays multiple roles in the nervous system, including in neuronal development, in long-term synaptic potentiation in different brain regions, and in neuronal survival. Alterations in these regulatory mechanisms account for several diseases of the nervous system. The synaptic effects of BDNF mediated by activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors are partly mediated by stimulation of local protein synthesis which is now considered a ubiquitous feature in both presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the neuron. The capacity to locally synthesize proteins is of great relevance at several neuronal developmental stages, including during neurite development, synapse formation, and stabilization. The available evidence shows that the effects of BDNF-TrkB signaling on local protein synthesis regulate the structure and function of the developing and mature synapses. While a large number of studies have illustrated a wide range of effects of BDNF on the postsynaptic proteome, a growing number of studies also point to presynaptic effects of the neurotrophin in the local regulation of the protein composition at the presynaptic level. Here, we will review the latest evidence on the role of BDNF in local protein synthesis, comparing the effects on the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments. Additionally, we overview the relevance of BDNF-associated local protein synthesis in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, and their relevance in terms of disease. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui O Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuel Tahiri
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sharma P, Silva C, Pfreundschuh S, Ye H, Sampath H. Metabolic protection by the dietary flavonoid 7,8-dihydroxyflavone requires an intact gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987956. [PMID: 36061902 PMCID: PMC9428675 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in Godmania, Tridax, and Primula species that confers protection against high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic pathologies selectively in female mice. We have previously reported that this metabolic protection is associated with early and stable remodeling of the intestinal microbiome, evident in female but not male DHF-supplemented mice. Early changes in the gut microbiome in female DHF-fed mice were highly predictive of subsequent metabolic protection, suggesting a causative association between the gut microbiome and the metabolic effects of DHF. Objective To investigate a causal association between the gut microbiome and the metabolic effects of DHF using a model of antibiotic-induced gut microbiome ablation. Materials and methods Age-matched male and female C57Bl6/J mice were given ad libitum access to HFD and drinking water containing vehicle or DHF for 12 weeks. For antibiotic (Abx) treatment, female mice were given drinking water containing a cocktail of antibiotics for 2 weeks prior to HFD feeding and throughout the feeding period. Metabolic phenotyping consisted of longitudinal assessments of body weights, body composition, food, and water intake, as well as measurement of energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and plasma and hepatic lipids. Protein markers mediating the cellular effects of DHF were assessed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle. Results Metabolic protection conferred by DHF in female HFD-fed mice was only apparent in the presence of an intact gut microbiome. Abx-treated mice were not protected from HFD-induced obesity by DHF administration. Further, tissue activation of the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) receptor, which has been attributed to the biological activity of DHF, was lost upon gut microbiome ablation, indicating a requirement for microbial “activation” of DHF for its systemic effects. In addition, we report for the first time that DHF supplementation significantly activates TrkB in BAT of female, but not male, mice uncovering a novel target tissue of DHF. DHF supplementation also increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein in BAT, consistent with protection from diet-induced obesity. Conclusion These results establish for the first time a requirement for the gut microbiome in mediating the metabolic effects of DHF in female mice and uncover a novel target tissue that may mediate these sexually-dimorphic protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Camila Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sarah Pfreundschuh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Harini Sampath,
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Kim CY, Ahn JH, Han DH, NamKoong C, Choi HJ. Proteome Analysis of the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus in Chronic High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:3501770. [PMID: 34840970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3501770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a central role in the integrated regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains a population of neurons that express orexigenic and anorexigenic factors and is thought to control feeding behavior via several neuronal circuits. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis of low-fat control diet- (LFD-) and high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hypothalamic ARC was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to changes in body weight. In the ARC in the hypothalamus, 6621 proteins (FDR < 0.01) were detected, and 178 proteins were categorized as DEPs (89 upregulated and 89 downregulated in the HFD group). Among the Gene Ontology molecular function terms associated with the DEPs, protein binding was the most significant. Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (Frs2) and SHC adaptor protein 3 (Shc3) were related to protein binding and involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Furthermore, high-precision quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the protein profile of the ARC in mice with HFD-induced obesity differed from that in LFD mice, thereby offering insight into the molecular basis of feeding regulation and suggesting Frs2 and Shc3 as novel treatment targets for central anorexigenic signal induction.
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Di Rosa MC, Zimbone S, Saab MW, Tomasello MF. The Pleiotropic Potential of BDNF beyond Neurons: Implication for a Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111256. [PMID: 34833132 PMCID: PMC8625665 DOI: 10.3390/life11111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) represents one of the most widely studied neurotrophins because of the many mechanisms in which it is involved. Among these, a growing body of evidence indicates BDNF as a pleiotropic signaling molecule and unveils non-negligible implications in the regulation of energy balance. BDNF and its receptor are extensively expressed in the hypothalamus, regions where peripheral signals, associated with feeding control and metabolism activation, and are integrated to elaborate anorexigenic and orexigenic effects. Thus, BDNF coordinates adaptive responses to fluctuations in energy intake and expenditure, connecting the central nervous system with peripheral tissues, including muscle, liver, and the adipose tissue in a complex operational network. This review discusses the latest literature dealing with the involvement of BDNF in the maintenance of energy balance. We have focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which BDNF: (I) controls the mitochondrial function and dynamics; (II) influences thermogenesis and tissue differentiation; (III) mediates the effects of exercise on cognitive functions; and (IV) modulates insulin sensitivity and glucose transport at the cellular level. Deepening the understanding of the mechanisms exploited to maintain energy homeostasis will lay the groundwork for the development of novel therapeutical approaches to help people to maintain a healthy mind in a healthy body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.D.R.); (M.W.S.)
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Zimbone
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.D.R.); (M.W.S.)
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Abstract
Metabolic disorders result from dysregulation of central nervous system and peripheral metabolic energy homeostatic pathways. To maintain normal energy balance, neural circuits must integrate feedforward and feedback signals from the internal metabolic environment to orchestrate proper food intake and energy expenditure. These signals include conserved meal and adipocyte cues such as glucose and leptin, respectively, in addition to more novel players including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In particular, BDNF's two receptors, tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), are increasingly appreciated to be involved in whole body energy homeostasis. At times, these two receptors even seem to functionally oppose one another's actions, providing the framework for a potential neurotrophin mediated energy regulatory axis, which we explore further here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Podyma
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0738, USA.
| | - Kavya Parekh
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ali D Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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15
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Sharma P, Wu G, Kumaraswamy D, Burchat N, Ye H, Gong Y, Zhao L, Lam YY, Sampath H. Sex-Dependent Effects of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone on Metabolic Health Are Associated with Alterations in the Host Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020637. [PMID: 33669347 PMCID: PMC7920311 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (DHF) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that has been reported to protect against a variety of pathologies. Chronic administration of DHF prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female, but not male, mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism have not been elucidated. We have discovered that oral DHF supplementation significantly attenuates fat mass, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipose tissue inflammation in female mice. In contrast, male mice were not protected from adiposity, and had a paradoxical worsening of hepatic lipid accumulation and adipose tissue inflammation upon DHF supplementation. Consistent with these sexually dimorphic effects on body weight and metabolic health, 7,8-DHF induced early and stable remodeling of the female intestinal microbiome. DHF supplementation significantly increased gut microbial diversity, and suppressed potentially detrimental bacteria, particularly Desulfovibrionaceae, which are pro-inflammatory and positively associated with obesity and inflammation. Changes in the female gut microbiome preceded alterations in body weights, and in silico analyses indicated that these early microbial changes were highly predictive of subsequent weight gain in female mice. While some alterations in the intestinal microbiome were also observed in male DHF-supplemented mice, these changes were distinct from those in females and, importantly, were not predictive of subsequent body weight changes in male animals. The temporality of microbial changes preceding alterations in body weight in female mice suggests a role for the gut microbiome in mediating the sexually dimorphic effects of DHF on body weight. Given the significant clinical interest in this flavonoid across a wide range of pathologies, further elucidation of these sexually dimorphic effects will aid the development of effective clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (P.S.); (D.K.); (N.B.); (H.Y.)
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guojun Wu
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Deeptha Kumaraswamy
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (P.S.); (D.K.); (N.B.); (H.Y.)
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Natalie Burchat
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (P.S.); (D.K.); (N.B.); (H.Y.)
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hong Ye
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (P.S.); (D.K.); (N.B.); (H.Y.)
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yongjia Gong
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yan Y. Lam
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.L.); (H.S.); Tel.: +1-848-932-0266 (H.S.)
| | - Harini Sampath
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (P.S.); (D.K.); (N.B.); (H.Y.)
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (G.W.); (Y.G.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.L.); (H.S.); Tel.: +1-848-932-0266 (H.S.)
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16
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Bentsen MA, Rausch DM, Mirzadeh Z, Muta K, Scarlett JM, Brown JM, Herranz-Pérez V, Baquero AF, Thompson J, Alonge KM, Faber CL, Kaiyala KJ, Bennett C, Pyke C, Ratner C, Egerod KL, Holst B, Meek TH, Kutlu B, Zhang Y, Sparso T, Grove KL, Morton GJ, Kornum BR, García-Verdugo JM, Secher A, Jorgensen R, Schwartz MW, Pers TH. Transcriptomic analysis links diverse hypothalamic cell types to fibroblast growth factor 1-induced sustained diabetes remission. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4458. [PMID: 32895383 PMCID: PMC7477234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), sustained remission of hyperglycemia can be induced by a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), and the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) was recently implicated as the brain area responsible for this effect. To better understand the cellular response to FGF1 in the MBH, we sequenced >79,000 single-cell transcriptomes from the hypothalamus of diabetic Lepob/ob mice obtained on Days 1 and 5 after icv injection of either FGF1 or vehicle. A wide range of transcriptional responses to FGF1 was observed across diverse hypothalamic cell types, with glial cell types responding much more robustly than neurons at both time points. Tanycytes and ependymal cells were the most FGF1-responsive cell type at Day 1, but astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineage cells subsequently became more responsive. Based on histochemical and ultrastructural evidence of enhanced cell-cell interactions between astrocytes and Agrp neurons (key components of the melanocortin system), we performed a series of studies showing that intact melanocortin signaling is required for the sustained antidiabetic action of FGF1. These data collectively suggest that hypothalamic glial cells are leading targets for the effects of FGF1 and that sustained diabetes remission is dependent on intact melanocortin signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism
- Animals
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Cell Communication
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage
- Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypothalamus/cytology
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/pathology
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Leptin/genetics
- Male
- Melanocortins/metabolism
- Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/administration & dosage
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Oligodendroglia/drug effects
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptors, Melanocortin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Melanocortin/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Remission Induction/methods
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Stereotaxic Techniques
- Transcriptome/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Bentsen
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dylan M Rausch
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kenjiro Muta
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny M Brown
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Arian F Baquero
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonatan Thompson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karl J Kaiyala
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Camdin Bennett
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles Pyke
- Pathology & Imaging, Global Discovery and Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Ratner
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Meek
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Burak Kutlu
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Sparso
- Bioinformatics and Data Mining, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Obesity Research Unit, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Secher
- Diabetes Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Jorgensen
- Diabetes Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Cytoki Pharma, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Poon CH, Heng BC, Lim LW. New insights on brain-derived neurotrophic factor epigenetics: from depression to memory extinction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1484:9-31. [PMID: 32808327 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in characterizing molecular profiles provide valuable insights and opportunities for deciphering the neuropathology of depression. Although abnormal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in depression has gained much support from preclinical and clinical research, how it mediates behavioral alterations in the depressed state remains largely obscure. Environmental factors contribute significantly to the onset of depression and produce robust epigenetic changes. Epigenetic regulation of BDNF, as one of the most characterized gene loci in epigenetics, has recently emerged as a target in research on memory and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, epigenetic alterations of BDNF exons are heavily involved in mediating memory functions and antidepressant effects. In this review, we discuss key research on stress-induced depression from both preclinical and clinical studies, which revealed that differential epigenetic regulation of specific BDNF exons is associated with depression pathophysiology. Considering that BDNF has a central role in depression, we argue that memory extinction, an adaptive response to fear exposure, is dependent on BDNF modulation and holds promise as a prospective target for alleviating or treating depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Podyma B, Johnson DA, Sipe L, Remcho TP, Battin K, Liu Y, Yoon SO, Deppmann CD, Güler AD. The p75 neurotrophin receptor in AgRP neurons is necessary for homeostatic feeding and food anticipation. eLife 2020; 9:e52623. [PMID: 31995032 PMCID: PMC7056271 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of neurons control feeding and activity patterns by integrating internal metabolic signals of energy balance with external environmental cues such as time-of-day. Proper circadian alignment of feeding behavior is necessary to prevent metabolic disease, and thus it is imperative that molecular players that maintain neuronal coordination of energy homeostasis are identified. Here, we demonstrate that mice lacking the p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, decrease their feeding and food anticipatory behavior (FAA) in response to daytime, but not nighttime, restricted feeding. These effects lead to increased weight loss, but do not require p75NTR during development. Instead, p75NTR is required for fasting-induced activation of neurons within the arcuate hypothalamus. Indeed, p75NTR specifically in AgRP neurons is required for FAA in response to daytime restricted feeding. These findings establish p75NTR as a novel regulator gating behavioral response to food scarcity and time-of-day dependence of circadian food anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Podyma
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Dove-Anna Johnson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Laura Sipe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | | | - Katherine Battin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and PharmacologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusUnited States
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and PharmacologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusUnited States
| | | | - Ali Deniz Güler
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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19
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Khani-Habibabadi F, Askari S, Zahiri J, Javan M, Behmanesh M. Novel BDNF-regulatory microRNAs in neurodegenerative disorders pathogenesis: An in silico study. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 83:107153. [PMID: 31751881 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor with various roles in the central nervous system neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and axonal guide. By attaching to Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor, this protein triggers downstream signaling pathways which lead to cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and neuroplasticity. Deregulation at mRNA level is involved in various central nervous system disorders including, Huntington, Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis diseases. Considering the importance of BDNF functions, deciphering the regulatory mechanisms controlling BDNF expression level could pave the way to develop more accurate and efficient treatments for neurological diseases. Among different regulatory systems, microRNAs (miRNAs) play prominent roles by targeting genes 3' untranslated regions. In this study, 127 validated and bioinformatic-predicted miRNAs with potentially regulatory roles in BDNF expression were analyzed. Various aspects of miRNAsö possible functions were assessed by bioinformatic online tools to find their potential regulatory functions in signaling pathways, neurological disorders, expression of transcription factors and miRNAs sponge. Analyzed data led to introduce 5 newly reported miRNAs that could regulate BDNF expression level. Finally, high throughput sequencing data from different brain regions and neurological disorders were analyzed to measure correlation of candidate miRNAs with BDNF level in experimental studies. In this study, a list of novel miRNAs with possible regulatory roles in BDNF expression level involving in different neurological disorders was introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khani-Habibabadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Askari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zahiri
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Puhl DL, D'Amato AR, Gilbert RJ. Challenges of gene delivery to the central nervous system and the growing use of biomaterial vectors. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:216-30. [PMID: 31173859 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising form of treatment for those suffering from neurological disorders or central nervous system (CNS) injury, however, obstacles remain that limit its translational potential. The CNS is protected by the blood brain barrier, and this barrier blocks genes from traversing into the CNS if administered outside of the CNS. Viral and non-viral gene delivery vehicles, commonly referred to as vectors, are modified to enhance delivery efficiency to target locations in the CNS. Still, there are few gene therapy approaches approved by the FDA for CNS disease or injury treatment. The lack of viable clinical approaches is due, in part, to the unpredictable nature of many vector systems. In particular, safety concerns exist with the use of viral vectors for CNS gene delivery. To seek some alternatives to viral vectors, development of new non-viral, biomaterial vectors is occurring at a rapid rate. This review discusses the challenges of delivering various forms of genetic material to the CNS, the use and limitations of current viral vector delivery systems, and the use of non-viral, biomaterial vectors for CNS applications.
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21
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Fainanta T, Jaroenporn S, Wititsuwankul P, Malaivijitnond S. Chronological Molecular Changes in Neuronal Communication in Androgen-Deficient Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:83-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Chowen JA, Freire-Regatillo A, Argente J. Neurobiological characteristics underlying metabolic differences between males and females. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 176:18-32. [PMID: 30194984 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is the main integrating center for metabolic control. Our understanding of how hypothalamic circuits function to control appetite and energy expenditure has increased dramatically in recent years, due to the rapid rise in the incidence of obesity and the search for effective treatments. Increasing evidence indicates that these treatments will most likely differ between males and females. Indeed, sex differences in metabolism have been demonstrated at various levels, including in two of the most studied neuronal populations involved in metabolic control: the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons and the orexigenic neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related protein neurons. Here we review what is known to date regarding the sex differences in these two neuronal populations, as well as other neuronal populations involved in metabolic control and glial cells.
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23
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Herrfurth N, Volckmar AL, Peters T, Kleinau G, Müller A, Cetindag C, Schonnop L, Föcker M, Dempfle A, Wudy SA, Grant SFA, Reinehr T, Cousminer DL, Hebebrand J, Biebermann H, Hinney A. Relevance of polymorphisms in MC4R and BDNF in short normal stature. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:278. [PMID: 30134862 PMCID: PMC6106737 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variation in genes of the leptinergic-melanocortinergic system influence both body weight and height. Because short normal stature (SNS) is characterized by reduced body height, delayed maturation and leanness, allelic variation of genes in this pathway are hypothesized to affect this common condition. Methods We analyzed the coding regions of LEP, MC4R, MRAP2 and BDNF in 185 children with SNS (height < 5th percentile) to search for non-synonymous and frameshift variants. For association studies (two-sided χ2-tests) population-based data sets (ExAC, EVS and KORA) were used. Cyclic AMP accumulation, cell surface expression, central expression and MAP kinase activation were assayed in vitro to determine the functional implications of identified variants. Results We detected eleven variants predicted to be protein-altering, four in MC4R, four in BDNF, and three in MRAP2. No variants were found in LEP. In vitro analysis implied reduced function for the MC4R variant p.Met215Ile. Loss-of-function is contrary to expectations based on obesity studies, and thus does not support that this variant is relevant for SNS. The minor SNP alleles at MC4R p.Val103Ile and BDNF p.Val66Met were nominally associated with SNS. Conclusion Taken together, although genes of the leptinergic-melanocortinergic system are important for normal growth, our data do not support the involvement of rare mutations in LEP, MC4R, MRAP2 or BDNF in short normal stature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1245-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Herrfurth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Volckmar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Present Address: Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cigdem Cetindag
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Schonnop
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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24
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Jiang C, Lin WJ, Salton SR. Role of a VGF/BDNF/TrkB Autoregulatory Feedback Loop in Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Efficacy. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 68:504-509. [PMID: 30022437 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the neurotrophin family and in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulate the response to rapid- and slow-acting chemical antidepressants and voluntary exercise. Recent work suggests that rapid-acting antidepressants that modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) signaling (e.g., ketamine and GLYX-13) require expression of VGF (non-acronymic), the BDNF-inducible secreted neuronal protein and peptide precursor, for efficacy. In addition, the VGF-derived C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 (named by its 4 N-terminal amino acids and length) has antidepressant efficacy following icv or intra-hippocampal administration, in the forced swim test (FST). Similar to ketamine, the rapid antidepressant actions of TLQP-62 require BDNF expression, mTOR activation (rapamycin-sensitive), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor activation (NBQX-sensitive) and are associated with GluR1 insertion. We review recent findings that identify a rapidly induced autoregulatory feedback loop, which likely plays a critical role in sustained efficacy of rapid-acting antidepressants, depression-like behavior, and cognition, and requires VGF, its C-terminal peptide TLQP-62, BDNF/TrkB signaling, the mTOR pathway, and AMPA receptor activation and insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1639, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1639, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1639, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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25
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Hassan A, Arnold BM, Caine S, Toosi BM, Verge VMK, Muir GD. Acute intermittent hypoxia and rehabilitative training following cervical spinal injury alters neuronal hypoxia- and plasticity-associated protein expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197486. [PMID: 29775479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising approaches to improve recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is the augmentation of spontaneously occurring plasticity in uninjured neural pathways. Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH, brief exposures to reduced O2 levels alternating with normal O2 levels) initiates plasticity in respiratory systems and has been shown to improve recovery in respiratory and non-respiratory spinal systems after SCI in experimental animals and humans. Although the mechanism by which AIH elicits its effects after SCI are not well understood, AIH is known to alter protein expression in spinal neurons in uninjured animals. Here, we examine hypoxia- and plasticity-related protein expression using immunofluorescence in spinal neurons in SCI rats that were treated with AIH combined with motor training, a protocol which has been demonstrated to improve recovery of forelimb function in this lesion model. Specifically, we assessed protein expression in spinal neurons from animals with incomplete cervical SCI which were exposed to AIH treatment + motor training either for 1 or 7 days. AIH treatment consisted of 10 episodes of AIH: (5 min 11% O2: 5 min 21% O2) for 7 days beginning at 4 weeks post-SCI. Both 1 or 7 days of AIH treatment + motor training resulted in significantly increased expression of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) relative to normoxia-treated controls, in neurons both proximal (cervical) and remote (lumbar) to the SCI. All other markers examined were significantly elevated in the 7 day AIH + motor training group only, at both cervical and lumbar levels. These markers included vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of the BDNF receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). In summary, AIH induces plasticity at the cellular level after SCI by altering the expression of major plasticity- and hypoxia-related proteins at spinal regions proximal and remote to the SCI. These changes occur under the same AIH protocol which resulted in recovery of limb function in this animal model. Thus AIH, which induces plasticity in spinal circuitry, could also be an effective therapy to restore motor function after nervous system injury.
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26
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Sominsky L, Jasoni CL, Twigg HR, Spencer SJ. Hormonal and nutritional regulation of postnatal hypothalamic development. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:R47-R64. [PMID: 29545398 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a key centre for regulation of vital physiological functions, such as appetite, stress responsiveness and reproduction. Development of the different hypothalamic nuclei and its major neuronal populations begins prenatally in both altricial and precocial species, with the fine tuning of neuronal connectivity and attainment of adult function established postnatally and maintained throughout adult life. The perinatal period is highly susceptible to environmental insults that, by disrupting critical developmental processes, can set the tone for the establishment of adult functionality. Here, we review the most recent knowledge regarding the major postnatal milestones in the development of metabolic, stress and reproductive hypothalamic circuitries, in the rodent, with a particular focus on perinatal programming of these circuitries by hormonal and nutritional influences. We also review the evidence for the continuous development of the hypothalamus in the adult brain, through changes in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and epigenetic modifications. This degree of plasticity has encouraging implications for the ability of the hypothalamus to at least partially reverse the effects of perinatal mal-programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- School of Biomedical SciencesCentre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hannah R Twigg
- School of Biomedical SciencesCentre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Abstract
The hypothalamus is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure that regulates an organism's basic functions, such as homeostasis and reproduction. Several hypothalamic nuclei and neuronal circuits have been the focus of many studies seeking to understand their role in regulating these basic functions. Within the hypothalamic neuronal populations, the arcuate melanocortin system plays a major role in controlling homeostatic functions. The arcuate pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in particular have been shown to be critical regulators of metabolism and reproduction because of their projections to several brain areas both in and outside of the hypothalamus, such as autonomic regions of the brain stem and spinal cord. Here, we review and discuss the current understanding of POMC neurons from their development and intracellular regulators to their physiological functions and pathological dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitoku Toda
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Anna Santoro
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Jung Dae Kim
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.,Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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28
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Yang JA, Stires H, Belden WJ, Roepke TA. The Arcuate Estrogen-Regulated Transcriptome: Estrogen Response Element-Dependent and -Independent Signaling of ERα in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:612-626. [PMID: 28359086 PMCID: PMC5460777 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To influence energy homeostasis and reproduction, 17β-estradiol (E2) controls the arcuate nucleus (ARC) through multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms, but primarily via estrogen receptor (ER) α, which signals through both estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To determine ERα-mediated, ERE-dependent, and ERE-independent E2 signaling in the ARC, we examined the differential regulation of the mouse arcuate transcriptome by E2 using three mice genotypes: (1) wild-type, (2) ERα knock-in/knockout (ERE-independent mechanisms), and (3) total ERα knockout (ERα-independent mechanisms). Females were ovariectomized and injected with oil or E2, and RNA sequencing on the ARC was used to identify E2-regulated genes in each genotype. Our results show that E2 regulates numerous genes involved in cell signaling, cytoskeleton structure, inflammation, neurotransmission, neuropeptide production, and transcription. Furthermore, ERE-independent signaling regulates ARC genes expressed in kisspeptin neurons and transcription factors that control the hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal axis. Interestingly, a few genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative respiration were regulated by E2 through ERα-independent signaling. A comparison within oil- and E2-treated females across the three genotypes suggests that genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, extracellular matrices, neuropeptides, receptors, and transcription are differentially expressed across the genotypes. Comparing with previously published chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis, we found that ERE-independent regulation in the ARC is mainly mediated by tethering of ERα, which is consistent with previous findings. We conclude that the mouse arcuate estrogen-regulated transcriptome is regulated by multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms to modulate the central control of energy homeostasis and reproduction, including novel E2-responsive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hillary Stires
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - William J Belden
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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29
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Gilland KE, Fox EA. Effect of food deprivation or short-term Western diet feeding on BDNF protein expression in the hypothalamic arcuate, paraventricular, and ventromedial nuclei. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R611-R625. [PMID: 28202438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00256.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene are associated with human obesity, and BDNF has potent inhibitory effects on eating and body weight. Little is known about the effects of energy balance manipulations on BDNF protein in the hypothalamus, though this brain region is critical for regulation of feeding and body weight and has high levels of BDNF. Here we investigated the effects of negative and positive energy status on BDNF protein levels in the arcuate (ARC), paraventricular, and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei and the ectorhinal cortex. To achieve this, mice were food deprived for 48 h or fed a Western diet (WD), a restricted amount of WD, or chow for 6 h, 48 h, 1 wk, or 3 wk. BDNF protein levels were estimated as the number of neurons in each brain region that exhibited BDNF-like immunoreactivity. Food deprivation decreased BDNF protein (and mRNA) expression in the ARC compared with fed mice (32%). In contrast, 1 wk of WD consumption increased BDNF protein expression in the VMH compared with chow or restricted WD feeding (40%) and, unexpectedly, increased BDNF protein in the ectorhinal cortex (20%). Furthermore, of the diet conditions and durations tested, only 1 wk of WD consumption was associated with both hyperphagia and excess weight, suggesting that effects of one or both contributed to the changes in BDNF levels. The decrease in ARC BDNF may support increased feeding in food-deprived mice, whereas the increase in the VMH may moderate overeating in WD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Gilland
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Edward A Fox
- Behavioral Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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30
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Yao XL, Yao ZH, Li L, Nie L, Zhang SF. Oxiracetam can improve cognitive impairment after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:284-292. [PMID: 27741481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) induces cognitive deficits. Although CCH can be improved, cognitive impairment is not improved accordingly. To date, many studies have focused on investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of CCH; however, the treatment of the induced cognitive impairment remains ineffective. Thus, the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment after CCH and potential agents for treating this impairment need to be explored further. Oxiracetam is a nootropic drug that improves clinical outcomes for some central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Whether it can improve cognitive impairment after CCH is unknown. In this study, we used behavioural methods, electrophysiology, biochemistry, histopathological staining and transmission electron microscope to investigate rat's cognitive impairment by CCH, and found that Oxiracetam could improve CCH-induced cognitive impairment and prevent deficits of neural plasticity, white matter lesions, and synaptic ultrastructure. These results suggest that Oxiracetam may be effective as a potential agent against CCH-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, Central hospital of Zhengzhou, #195 Tongbo Road, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China; Department of Neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, #238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
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31
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Abstract
Energy balance--that is, the relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure--is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, brain circuits and peripheral tissues. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. Ironically, obese individuals have high levels of plasma leptin and are resistant to leptin treatment. Neurotrophic factors, particularly ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are also important for the control of body weight. CNTF can overcome leptin resistance in order to reduce body weight, although CNTF and leptin activate similar signalling cascades. Mutations in the gene encoding BDNF lead to insatiable appetite and severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoji Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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32
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Abstract
The hypothalamus contains a core circuitry that communicates with the brainstem and spinal cord to regulate energy balance. Because metabolic phenotype is influenced by environmental variables during perinatal development, it is important to understand how these neural pathways form in order to identify key signaling pathways that are responsible for metabolic programming. Recent progress in defining gene expression events that direct early patterning and cellular specification of the hypothalamus, as well as advances in our understanding of hormonal control of central neuroendocrine pathways, suggest several key regulatory nodes that may represent targets for metabolic programming of brain structure and function. This review focuses on components of central circuitry known to regulate various aspects of energy balance and summarizes what is known about their developmental neurobiology within the context of metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Elson
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Richard B Simerly
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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33
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Ozek C, Zimmer DJ, De Jonghe BC, Kalb RG, Bence KK. Ablation of intact hypothalamic and/or hindbrain TrkB signaling leads to perturbations in energy balance. Mol Metab 2015; 4:867-80. [PMID: 26629410 PMCID: PMC4632115 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), play a paramount role in the central regulation of energy balance. Despite the substantial body of genetic evidence implicating BDNF- or TrkB-deficiency in human obesity, the critical brain region(s) contributing to the endogenous role of BDNF/TrkB signaling in metabolic control remain unknown. METHODS We assessed the importance of intact hypothalamic or hindbrain TrkB signaling in central regulation of energy balance by generating Nkx2.1-Ntrk2-/- and Phox2b-Ntrk2+/- mice, respectively, and comparing metabolic parameters (body weight, adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis) under high-fat diet or chow fed conditions. RESULTS Our data show that when fed a high-fat diet, male and female Nkx2.1-Ntrk2-/- mice have significantly increased body weight and adiposity that is likely driven by reduced locomotor activity and core body temperature. When maintained on a chow diet, female Nkx2.1-Ntrk2-/- mice exhibit an increased body weight and adiposity phenotype more robust than in males, which is accompanied by hyperphagia that precedes the onset of a body weight difference. In addition, under both diet conditions, Nkx2.1-Ntrk2-/- mice show increased blood glucose, serum insulin and leptin levels. Mice with complete hindbrain TrkB-deficiency (Phox2b-Ntrk2-/-) are perinatal lethal, potentially indicating a vital role for TrkB in visceral motor neurons that control cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive functions during development. Phox2b-Ntrk2+/- heterozygous mice are similar in body weight, adiposity and glucose homeostasis parameters compared to wild type littermate controls when maintained on a high-fat or chow diet. Interestingly, despite the absence of a body weight difference, Phox2b-Ntrk2+/- heterozygous mice exhibit pronounced hyperphagia. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that the hypothalamus is a key brain region involved in endogenous BDNF/TrkB signaling and central metabolic control and that endogenous hindbrain TrkB likely plays a role in modulating food intake and survival of mice. Our findings also show that female mice lacking TrkB in the hypothalamus have a more robust metabolic phenotype.
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Key Words
- Agrp, agouti-related peptide
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BDNF
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- Cidea, cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a
- Cre, Cre recombinase
- DVC, dorsal vagal complex
- Elovl3, elongation of very long fatty acids-like 3
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HPA axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- Hindbrain
- Hypothalamus
- LepR, leptin receptor
- Mc4R, melanocortin 4 receptor
- NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract
- Nkx2.1, Nk2 homeobox 1 protein
- Npy, neuropeptide Y
- Obesity
- PVH, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
- Pgc1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
- Phox2b, paired-like homeobox 2b protein
- Pomc, pro-opiomelanocortin
- Pparγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Prdm16, PR domain containing 16
- TrkB
- TrkB, tropomyosin receptor kinase B
- Ucp1, uncoupling protein 1
- VMH, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
- eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Ozek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Derek J Zimmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bart C De Jonghe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert G Kalb
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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