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Jin R, Sun S, Hu Y, Zhang H, Sun X. Neuropeptides Modulate Feeding via the Dopamine Reward Pathway. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03954-4. [PMID: 37233918 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system. It participates in various physiological functions, such as feeding, anxiety, fear, sleeping and arousal. The regulation of feeding is exceptionally complex, involving energy homeostasis and reward motivation. The reward system comprises the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hypothalamus, and limbic system. This paper illustrates the detailed mechanisms of eight typical orexigenic and anorexic neuropeptides that regulate food intake through the reward system. According to recent literature, neuropeptides released from the hypothalamus and other brain regions regulate reward feeding predominantly through dopaminergic neurons projecting from the VTA to the NAc. In addition, their effect on the dopaminergic system is mediated by the prefrontal cortex, paraventricular thalamus, laterodorsal tegmental area, amygdala, and complex neural circuits. Research on neuropeptides involved in reward feeding can help identify more targets to treat diseases with metabolic disorders, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbin Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangrong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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2
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Kumbar J, Ganesh CB. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone immunoreactivity in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102128. [PMID: 33639356 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the distribution of a pro-opiomelanocortin-derived neuropeptide α-MSH in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. α-MSH-ir fibres were found in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, the medial olfactory tract, the pallium and the subpallium, whereas in the preoptic area of the telencephalon, few large α-MSH-ir perikarya along with extensively labeled fibres were observed close to the ventricular border. Dense network of α-MSH-ir fibres were seen in the hypothalamic areas such as the nucleus preopticus pars magnocellularis, the nucleus preopticus pars parvocellularis, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the nucleus anterior tuberis, the paraventricular organ, the subdivisions of the nucleus recessus lateralis and the nucleus recessus posterioris. In the nucleus lateralis pars medialis, some α-MSH-ir perikarya and fibres were found along the ventricular margin. In the diencephalon, numerous α-MSH-ir fibres were detected in the nucleus posterior tuberis, the nucleus of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis and the nucleus preglomerulosus medialis, whereas in the mesencephalon, α-MSH-ir fibres were located in the optic tectum, the torus semicircularis and the tegmentum. In the rhombencephalon, α-MSH-ir fibres were confined to the medial octavolateralis nucleus and the descending octaval nucleus. In the pituitary gland, densely packed α-MSH-ir cells were observed in the pars intermedia region. The widespread distribution of α-MSH-immunoreactivity throughout the brain and the pituitary gland suggests a role for α-MSH peptide in regulation of several neuroendocrine and sensorimotor functions as well as darkening of pigmentation in the tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumbar
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | - C B Ganesh
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India.
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Fetissov SO, Legrand R, Lucas N. Bacterial Protein Mimetic of Peptide Hormone as a New Class of Protein- based Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:546-553. [PMID: 28982315 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171005110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Specific peptide molecules classified as hormones, neuropeptides and cytokines are involved in intercellular signaling regulating various physiological processes in all organs and tissues. This justifies the peptidergic signaling as an attractive pharmacological target. Recently, a protein mimetic of a peptide hormone has been identified in Escherichia coli suggesting the potential use of specific bacterial proteins as a new type of peptide-like drugs. We review the scientific rational and technological approaches leading to the identification of the E. coli caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) homologue protein as a conformational mimetic of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a melanocortin peptide critically involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis in humans and animals. Theoretical and experimental backgrounds for the validation of bacterial ClpB as a potential drug are discussed based on the known E. coli ClpB amino acid sequence homology with α-MSH. Using in silico analysis, we show that other protein sources containing similar to E. coli ClpB α-MSH-like epitopes with potential biological activity may exist in Enterobacteriaceae and in some Brassicaceae. Thus, the original approach leading to the identification of E. coli ClpB as an α-MSH mimetic protein can be applied for the identification of mimetic proteins of other peptide hormones and development of a new type of peptide-like protein-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergueï O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1239, 25 rue Lucien Tesniere, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, 76000, France
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Lucas N, Legrand R, Bôle-Feysot C, Breton J, Coëffier M, Akkermann K, Järv A, Harro J, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. Immunoglobulin G modulation of the melanocortin 4 receptor signaling in obesity and eating disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:87. [PMID: 30755592 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) plays a key role in regulation of appetite activated by its main ligand α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in both central and peripheral targets. α-MSH also binds to circulating immunoglobulins (Igs) but the functional significance of such immune complexes (ICs) in MC4R signaling in normal and pathological conditions of altered appetite has remained unknown. To address this question, we analyzed plasma levels, affinity kinetics, and binding epitopes of α-MSH-reactive IgG extracted from plasma samples of female patients with hyperphagic obesity, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and healthy controls. Ability of α-MSH/IgG IC to bind and activate human MC4R were studied in vitro and to influence feeding behavior in vivo in rodents. We found that α-MSH-reactive IgG were low in obese but increased in anorectic and bulimic patients and displayed different epitope and kinetics of IC formation. Importantly, while α-MSH/IgG IC from all subjects were binding and activating MC4R, the receptor binding affinity was decreased in obesity. Additionally, α-MSH/IgG IC had lower MC4R-mediated cAMP activation threshold as compared with α-MSH alone in all but not obese subjects. Furthermore, the cellular internalization rate of α-MSH/IgG IC by MC4R-expressing cells was decreased in obese but increased in patients with anorexia nervosa. Moreover, IgG from obese patients prevented central anorexigenic effect of α-MSH. These findings reveal that MC4R is physiologically activated by IC formed by α-MSH/IgG and that different levels and molecular properties of α-MSH-reactive IgG underlie biological activity of such IC relevant to altered appetite in obesity and eating disorders.
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Abstract
This review evaluates published studies regarding alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in ghrelin-elicited feeding and gut motility. We have sought to integrate all available evidences to provide a complete review on the properties of melanocortin receptors (MCR) and the potential clinical treatment of α-MSH after ghrelin-elicited feeding and gut motility. The available studies were grouped into four categories: food intake, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, and colonic transit. As we describe, the literature provides evidence of the ability of ghrelin to increase food intake, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, and colonic transit. α-MSH, which displays high affinity for the MC3 and MC4 receptors, can competitively activate MCRs with agouti-related protein stimulated by ghrelin, and partly attenuates the effect of acyl ghrelin on food intake. Central ghrelin-induced acceleration of gastric emptying is not mediated by MCRs, but the acceleration of the small intestinal transit is at least partly mediated via MCRs in the brain. Similar to fecal pellets and total fecal weight, distal colonic motility and secretion are partly mediated by MCRs in the brain. The interplay between acyl ghrelin and MCRs may provide a new therapeutic avenue to ameliorate anorexia and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Guishan, Taiwan, ROC
- Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Huang HH, Chen LY, Doong ML, Chang SC, Chen CY. α-melanocyte stimulating hormone modulates the central acyl ghrelin-induced stimulation of feeding, gastrointestinal motility, and colonic secretion. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2377-2386. [PMID: 28860709 PMCID: PMC5566386 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s143749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Acyl ghrelin-induced intake depends on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurotransmitters. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of AgRP increases feeding through competitive antagonism at melanocortin receptors. ICV administration of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a natural antagonist of AgRP, may modulate the acyl ghrelin-induced orexigenic effect. Objective This study aimed to investigate the modulating effect of α-MSH on the central acyl ghrelin-induced food intake, gastrointestinal motility, and colonic secretion in rats. Methods and procedures We examined the effects of α-MSH and acyl ghrelin on food intake, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, colonic motility, and secretion in conscious rats with a chronic implant of ICV catheters. Results ICV injection of O-n-octanoylated ghrelin (0.1 nmol/rat) significantly increased the cumulative food intake up to 8 h (P<0.01), enhanced non-nutrient semi-liquid gastric emptying (P<0.001), increased the geometric center and running percentage of small intestinal transit (P<0.001), accelerated colonic transit time (P<0.05), and increased fecal pellet output (P<0.01) and total fecal weight (P<0.01). Pretreatment with ICV injection of α-MSH (1.0 and 2.0 nmol/rat) attenuated the acyl ghrelin-induced hyperphagic effect, fecal pellet output, and total fecal weight, while higher dose of α-MSH (2.0 nmol/rat) attenuated the increase in the geometric center of small intestinal transit (P<0.01). However, neither dose of α-MSH altered acyl ghrelin-stimulated gastroprokinetic effect, increase in the running percentage of small intestinal transit, nor accelerated colonic transit time. Conclusion α-MSH is involved in central acyl ghrelin-elicited feeding, small intestinal transit, fecal pellet output, and fecal weight. α-MSH does not affect central acyl ghrelin-induced acceleration of gastric emptying and colonic transit time in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Hao Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University of Medicine.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Liang-Yu Chen
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University.,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Ming-Luen Doong
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine
| | - Shi-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine.,Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei.,Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Guishan, Taiwan
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Abstract
The life of all animals is dominated by alternating feelings of hunger and satiety - the main involuntary motivations for feeding-related behaviour. Gut bacteria depend fully on their host for providing the nutrients necessary for their growth. The intrinsic ability of bacteria to regulate their growth and to maintain their population within the gut suggests that gut bacteria can interfere with molecular pathways controlling energy balance in the host. The current model of appetite control is based mainly on gut-brain signalling and the animal's own needs to maintain energy homeostasis; an alternative model might also involve bacteria-host communications. Several bacterial components and metabolites have been shown to stimulate intestinal satiety pathways; at the same time, their production depends on bacterial growth cycles. This short-term bacterial growth-linked modulation of intestinal satiety can be coupled with long-term regulation of appetite, controlled by the neuropeptidergic circuitry in the hypothalamus. Indeed, several bacterial products are detected in the systemic circulation, which might act directly on hypothalamic neurons. This Review analyses the data relevant to possible involvement of the gut bacteria in the regulation of host appetite and proposes an integrative homeostatic model of appetite control that includes energy needs of both the host and its gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergueï O Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut &Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1073, University of Rouen Normandy, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen, France
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Fetissov SO, Lucas N, Legrand R. Ghrelin-Reactive Immunoglobulins in Conditions of Altered Appetite and Energy Balance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:10. [PMID: 28191004 PMCID: PMC5269453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Part of circulating ghrelin is bound to immunoglobulins (Ig) protecting it from degradation and preserving its functional activity. This review summarizes the data on ghrelin- and desacyl-ghrelin-reactive IgG in conditions of altered appetite and energy balance. Plasma levels and affinity kinetics of such IgG were compared in patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) and in animal models of obesity including ob/ob mice, high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and obese Zucker rats as well as in mice after chronic food restriction and activity-based anorexia and in rats with methotrexate-induced anorexia. We show that plasmatic IgG in both obese humans and animals are characterized by increased affinity for ghrelin. In contrast, patients with AN and anorectic rodents all show lower affinity of ghrelin- and desacyl-ghrelin-reactive IgG, respectively, the changes which were not observed in non-anorectic, chronically starved mice. We also show that affinity of ghrelin-reactive IgG correlate with plasma levels of ghrelin. These data point to common mechanisms underlying modifications of affinity kinetics properties of ghrelin-reactive IgG during chronic alterations of energy balance in humans and rodents and support a functional role of such autoantibodies in ghrelin-mediated regulation of appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergueï O. Fetissov
- INSERM UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Sergueï O. Fetissov,
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- INSERM UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Legrand
- INSERM UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feeding behavior in both animals and humans is modulated by estrogens, as shown by the increased adiposity observed in women and rats upon the drop of estradiol levels at menopause. Estradiol action on food intake is mediated through its cognate receptors within several hypothalamic nuclei, namely the arcuate nucleus (ARN). The ARN contains two neuronal populations expressing peptides that exert opposing effects on the central control of feeding: the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). METHODS To understand the role played by estradiol in the modulation of food intake, we have used an animal model of cyclic 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB) administration and stereological methods to estimate the total number of neurons immunoreactive for NPY and α-MSH in the ARN of ovariectomized rats. RESULTS Present results show that the experimentally induced EB cyclicity prompted a decrease in food consumption and in body weight. Data also show that ovariectomy induced an increase in NPY expression and a decrease in α-MSH expression in the ARN that were reverted by EB administration. Conversely, EB blocked the expression of NPY and increased the synthesis of α-MSH in ARN neurons, without affecting the overall sum of NPY and α-MSH neurons. DISCUSSION These results suggest that estradiol affects food intake and, consequently, body weight gain, through an overriding mechanism superimposed in the physiological balance between both peptides in the ARN of female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elce C C Rebouças
- a Department of Natural Sciences , State University of Southwest of Bahia , Bahia , Brazil.,b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Faculty of Medicine, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Faculty of Medicine, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d Department of Sciences , Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS) , Advanced Institute of Health Sciences-North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL , Gandra , Portugal
| | - Susana I Sá
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Faculty of Medicine, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Gorwood P, Blanchet-Collet C, Chartrel N, Duclos J, Dechelotte P, Hanachi M, Fetissov S, Godart N, Melchior JC, Ramoz N, Rovere-Jovene C, Tolle V, Viltart O, Epelbaum J. New Insights in Anorexia Nervosa. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:256. [PMID: 27445651 PMCID: PMC4925664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is classically defined as a condition in which an abnormally low body weight is associated with an intense fear of gaining weight and distorted cognitions regarding weight, shape, and drive for thinness. This article reviews recent evidences from physiology, genetics, epigenetics, and brain imaging which allow to consider AN as an abnormality of reward pathways or an attempt to preserve mental homeostasis. Special emphasis is put on ghrelino-resistance and the importance of orexigenic peptides of the lateral hypothalamus, the gut microbiota and a dysimmune disorder of neuropeptide signaling. Physiological processes, secondary to underlying, and premorbid vulnerability factors-the "pondero-nutritional-feeding basements"- are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gorwood
- Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne (CMME)Paris, France; UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France; Normandy UniversityCaen, France; University of RouenRouen, France
| | - Jeanne Duclos
- Adolescents and Young Adults Psychiatry Department, Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France; CESP, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Descartes, USPCParis, France; University Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Socialisation (C2S)-EA 6291Reims, France
| | - Pierre Dechelotte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1073 IRIB Normandy UniversityRouen, France; Faculté de Médecine-PharmacieRouen, France
| | - Mouna Hanachi
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1179, équipe Thérapeutiques Innovantes et Technologies Appliquées aux Troubles Neuromoteurs, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone VeilMontigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Département de Médecine (Unité de Nutrition), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisGarches, France
| | - Serguei Fetissov
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1073 IRIB Normandy University Rouen, France
| | - Nathalie Godart
- Adolescents and Young Adults Psychiatry Department, Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France; CESP, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Descartes, USPCParis, France
| | - Jean-Claude Melchior
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1179, équipe Thérapeutiques Innovantes et Technologies Appliquées aux Troubles Neuromoteurs, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone VeilMontigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Département de Médecine (Unité de Nutrition), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisGarches, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Carole Rovere-Jovene
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR6097, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Valbonne, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer Lille, France
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
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Rebouças ECC, Leal S, Silva SM, Sá SI. Changes in the female arcuate nucleus morphology and neurochemistry after chronic ethanol consumption and long-term withdrawal. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 77:30-40. [PMID: 27154870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is a macronutrient whose intake is a form of ingestive behavior, sharing physiological mechanisms with food intake. Chronic ethanol consumption is detrimental to the brain, inducing gender-dependent neuronal damage. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARN) is a modulator of food intake that expresses feeding-regulatory neuropeptides, such as alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Despite its involvement in pathways associated with eating disorders and ethanol abuse, the impact of ethanol consumption and withdrawal in the ARN structure and neurochemistry in females is unknown. We used female rat models of 20% ethanol consumption for six months and of subsequent ethanol withdrawal for two months. Food intake and body weights were measured. ARN morphology was stereologically analyzed to estimate its volume, total number of neurons and total number of neurons expressing NPY, α-MSH, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Ethanol decreased energy intake and body weights. However, it did not change the ARN morphology or the expression of NPY, α-MSH and TH, while increasing ERα expression. Withdrawal induced a significant volume and neuron loss that was accompanied by an increase in NPY expression without affecting α-MSH and TH expression. These findings indicate that the female ARN is more vulnerable to withdrawal than to excess alcohol. The data also support the hypothesis that the same pathways that regulate the expression of NPY and α-MSH in long-term ethanol intake may regulate food intake. The present model of long-term ethanol intake and withdrawal induces new physiological conditions with adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elce C C Rebouças
- Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Praça Primavera, 40-Bairro Primavera, Itapetinga, BA 45700-000, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Leal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Department of Sciences, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, R. Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Susana M Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana I Sá
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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Rojczyk E, Pałasz A, Wiaderkiewicz R. Effect of short and long-term treatment with antipsychotics on orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides expression in the rat hypothalamus. Neuropeptides 2015; 51:31-42. [PMID: 25888224 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among numerous side effects of antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics), one of the leading problems is a significant weight gain caused by disturbances in energy homeostasis. The hypothalamus is considered an important target for neuroleptics and contains some neuronal circuits responsible for food intake regulation, so we decided to study which hypothalamic signaling pathways connected with energy balance control are modified by antipsychotic drugs of different generations. We created an expression profile of different neuropeptides after single-dose and chronic neuroleptic administration. Experiments were carried out on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats injected intraperitoneally for 1 day or for 28 days by three neuroleptics: olanzapine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Hypothalami were isolated in order to perform PCR reactions and also whole brains were sliced for immunohistochemical analysis. We assessed the expression of orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides and their receptors--neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY receptor type 1 (Y1R), preproorexin (PPOX), orexin A, orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R), nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), nesfatin-1, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), alpha-melanotropin (α-MSH) and melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R)--both on the mRNA and protein levels. We have shown that antipsychotics of different generations administered chronically have the ability to upregulate PPOX, orexin A and Y1R expression with little or no effect on orexigenic receptors (OX1R, OX2R) and NPY. Interestingly, antipsychotics also increased the level of some anorexigenic factors (POMC, α-MSH and MC4R), but at the same time strongly downregulated NUCB2 and nesfatin-1 signaling--a newly discovered neuropeptide known as a food-intake inhibiting factor. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms responsible for antipsychotics' side effects. They also underline the complex nature of interactions between classical monoamine receptors and hypothalamic peptidergic pathways, which has potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rojczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Legrand R, Lucas N, Breton J, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. Dopamine release in the lateral hypothalamus is stimulated by α-MSH in both the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 56:79-87. [PMID: 25805178 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), is a hypothalamic neuropeptide signaling satiation, but it is not known if α-MSH may stimulate dopamine release in a feeding control brain region of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), during the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding behavior. To address these questions, dynamics of dopamine release were measured in 15 min microdialysis samples simultaneously from the LHA and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) during consecutive exposure and provision of food and 1% sucrose in Wistar rats after overnight food deprivation. α-MSH was infused via the microdialysis probe either into the LHA or NAc starting before food exposure. Food, sucrose and water intakes were automatically monitored and analyzed concomitantly with microdialysis samples. We found that LHA-α-MSH-infused rats stopped eating earlier and consumed less food and sucrose as compared to control and NAc-α-MSH-infused rats. Exposure to food produced a peak of LHA dopamine in both LHA-α-MSH and NAc-α-MSH-infused rats but not in the controls. During food provision, LHA dopamine levels were strongly elevated in LHA-α-MSH infused rats, while delivery of α-MSH into the NAc induced a less intense increase of dopamine in both NAc and LHA. In all rats, LHA dopamine levels correlated inversely with sucrose intake. In conclusion, our study showed that α-MSH stimulates dopamine release in the LHA during both the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding, decreases food intake and inhibits sucrose intake. These data suggest that LHA dopamine release can be involved in α-MSH anorexigenic effects.
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François M, Barde S, Achamrah N, Breton J, do Rego JC, Coëffier M, Hökfelt T, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. The number of preproghrelin mRNA expressing cells is increased in mice with activity-based anorexia. Neuropeptides 2015; 51:17-23. [PMID: 25963530 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, are increased during conditions of chronic starvation, such as in patients with anorexia nervosa. However, it is not known whether such increase can be related to the number of preproghrelin mRNA-expressing cells in the stomach, and if chronic starvation may activate a tentative central ghrelin production. In this work, in situ hybridization technique was used to analyze the presence and number of preproghrelin mRNA-expressing cells in the stomach and the hypothalamus of mice with activity-based anorexia (ABA) induced by the combination of running wheel activity with progressive, during 10 days, feeding-time restriction (FTR) and compared with sedentary FTR, ABA pair-fed (PF) and ad libitum-fed control mice. All food-restricted mice lost more than 20% of body weight. Body weight loss was similar in ABA and PF mice, but it was more pronounced than in FTR mice. Food intake was also lower in ABA than in FTR mice. Preproghrelin mRNA-expressing cells in the stomach were increased proportionally to the body weight loss in all food-restricted groups with the highest number in ABA mice. No preproghrelin mRNA-producing cells were detectable in the hypothalamus of either control or food-restricted mice. Thus, the increased number of gastric preproghrelin mRNA-producing cells during chronic starvation proportionally to the body weight loss and reduced food intake may underlie increased plasma ghrelin. Hyperactivity-induced anorexia appears to further increase the number of preproghrelin mRNA-producing cells in the stomach. No evidence was found for ghrelin expression in the hypothalamus, not even in any of the present experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie François
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Najate Achamrah
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, 76183, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Animal Behavior Platform (SCAC), Rouen, 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, 76183, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, 76183, France; Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, 76183, France.
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Shpakov AO, Derkach KV, Zharova OA, Shpakova EA. The functional activity of the adenylate cyclase system in the brains of rats with metabolic syndrome induced by immunization with peptide 11–25 of the type 4 melanocortin receptor. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lucas N, Legrand R, Breton J, Déchelotte P, Edwards-Lévy F, Fetissov SO. Chronic delivery of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rat hypothalamus using albumin-alginate microparticles: effects on food intake and body weight. Neuroscience 2015; 290:445-53. [PMID: 25637491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic delivery of neuropeptides in the brain is a useful experimental approach to study their long-term effects on various biological parameters. In this work, we tested albumin-alginate microparticles, as a potential delivery system, to study if continuous release in the hypothalamus of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide, may result in a long-term decrease in food intake and body weight. The 2-week release of α-MSH from peptide-loaded particles was confirmed by an in vitro assay. Then, daily food intake and body weight were studied for 18 days in rats injected bilaterally into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus with particles loaded or not with α-MSH. A decrease in body weight gain, persisting throughout the study, was found in rats injected with α-MSH-charged particles as compared with rats receiving non-charged particles and with rats injected with the same dose of α-MSH in solution. Food intake was significantly decreased for 3 days in rats receiving α-MSH-loaded particles and it was not followed by the feeding rebound effect which appears after food restriction. The presence of α-MSH-loaded particles in the hypothalamus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, our study validates albumin-alginate microparticles as a new carrier system for long-term delivery of neuropeptides in the brain and demonstrates that chronic delivery of α-MSH in the hypothalamus results in a prolonged suppression of food intake and a decrease of body weight gain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lucas
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76000, France
| | - R Legrand
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76000, France
| | - J Breton
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76000, France
| | - P Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76000, France; Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen 76183, France
| | - F Edwards-Lévy
- Institute of Molecular Chemistry of Reims (ICMR), UMR CNRS 7312, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100, France
| | - S O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen 76183, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, 76000, France.
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Tennoune N, Legrand R, Ouelaa W, Breton J, Lucas N, Bole-Feysot C, do Rego JC, Déchelotte P, Fetissov SO. Sex-related effects of nutritional supplementation of Escherichia coli: relevance to eating disorders. Nutrition 2014; 31:498-507. [PMID: 25701341 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biological background of sex-related differences in the development of eating disorders (EDs) is unknown. Recent data showed that gut bacteria Escherichia coli induce autoantibodies against anorexigenic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) associated with psychopathology in ED. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of E. coli on feeding and autoantibodies against α-MSH and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), between female and male rats. METHODS Commensal E. coli K12 were given in a culture medium daily to adult Wistar rats by intragastric gavage over a 3-wk period; control rats received culture medium only. RESULTS Before gavage, E. coli K12 DNA was detected in feces of female but not male rats. E. coli provision was accompanied by an increase in body weight gain in females, but a decrease in body weight gain and food intake in males. Independent of E. coli treatment, plasma levels of anti-α-MSH and ACTH immunoglobulin (Ig)G were higher in female than male rats. Females responded to E. coli by increasing α-MSH IgG levels and affinity, but males by increasing α-MSH IgM levels. Affinity of IgG for ACTH was increased in both E. coli-treated females and males, although with different kinetics. IgG from females stimulated more efficiently α-MSH-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate production by melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing cells compared with IgG from males. DISCUSSION Sex-related response to how E. coli affects feeding and anti-melanocortin hormone antibody production may depend on the presence of these bacteria in the gut before E. coli supplementation. These data suggest that sex-related presence of certain gut bacteria may represent a risk factor for ED development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Tennoune
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Legrand
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Wassila Ouelaa
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Animal behavior platform (SCAC), Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy University, Rouen, France.
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