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Xu C, Huang X, Ma N, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang X, Li D, Li Y, Zhang W, Wang K. MicroRNA164 Affects Plant Responses to UV Radiation in Perennial Ryegrass. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1242. [PMID: 38732457 PMCID: PMC11085334 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the ultraviolet radiation (UV) level, particularly UV-B due to damage to the stratospheric ozone layer by human activities, has huge negative effects on plant and animal metabolism. As a widely grown cool-season forage grass and turfgrass in the world, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is UV-B-sensitive. To study the effects of miR164, a highly conserved microRNA in plants, on perennial ryegrass under UV stress, both OsmiR164a overexpression (OE164) and target mimicry (MIM164) transgenic perennial ryegrass plants were generated using agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and UV-B treatment (~600 μw cm-2) of 7 days was imposed. Morphological and physiological analysis showed that the miR164 gene affected perennial ryegrass UV tolerance negatively, demonstrated by the more scorching leaves, higher leaf electrolyte leakage, and lower relative water content in OE164 than the WT and MIM164 plants after UV stress. The increased UV sensitivity could be partially due to the reduction in antioxidative capacity and the accumulation of anthocyanins. This study indicated the potential of targeting miR164 and/or its targeted genes for the genetic manipulation of UV responses in forage grasses/turfgrasses; further research to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying how miR164 affects plant UV responses is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanrong Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aijiao Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Dayong Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Yue Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
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Molina-Montenegro MA, Egas C, Ballesteros G, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, San Martín F, Gianoli E. Sunspot activity influences tree growth: Molecular evidence and ecological implications. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e16813. [PMID: 36479720 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solar activity has a significant influence on Earth's climate and may drive many biological processes. Here, we measured growth in 11 tree species distributed along an ≈600-km latitudinal gradient in South-Central Chile, recording the width of their growth-rings among periods of maximum (highest number of sunspots) and minimum (lowest number of sunspots) solar activity. In one of these species, Quillaja saponaria, we experimentally assessed three ecophysiological traits (CO2 fixation through photosynthesis [Amax], growth and leaf production) as well as the expression of five genes related to cell wall elongation and expansion following exposure to high and low levels of UV-B radiation, simulating scenarios of maximum and minimum solar activity, respectively. We found lower tree growth during the periods of maximum solar activity, with this trend being more evident at lower latitudes, where UV-B radiation is higher. Exposure of Q. saponaria to higher levels of UV-B affected the ecophysiological parameters, revealing a decrease in Amax, growth and leaf production. In addition, higher levels of UV-B led to repression in four of the five genes studied. Our results may help foresee environmental scenarios for different plant species associated with solar activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudia Egas
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Gabriel Ballesteros
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Ian S Acuña-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Filoromo San Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
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Chen S, Podolec R, Arongaus AB, Fuchs C, Loubéry S, Demarsy E, Ulm R. Functional divergence of Arabidopsis REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 and 2 in repression of flowering. Plant Physiol 2024; 194:1563-1576. [PMID: 37956407 PMCID: PMC10904346 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiodic plants coordinate the timing of flowering with seasonal light cues, thereby optimizing their sexual reproductive success. The WD40-repeat protein REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 2 (RUP2) functions as a potent repressor of UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor-mediated UV-B induction of flowering under noninductive, short-day conditions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, in contrast, the closely related RUP1 seems to play no major role. Here, analysis of chimeric ProRUP1:RUP2 and ProRUP2:RUP1 expression lines suggested that the distinct functions of RUP1 and RUP2 in repressing flowering are due to differences in both their coding and regulatory DNA sequences. Artificial altered expression using tissue-specific promoters indicated that RUP2 functions in repressing flowering when expressed in mesophyll and phloem companion cells, whereas RUP1 functions only when expressed in phloem companion cells. Endogenous RUP1 expression in vascular tissue was quantified as lower than that of RUP2, likely underlying the functional difference between RUP1 and RUP2 in repressing flowering. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of phloem vasculature expression of RUP2 in repressing flowering under short days and identify a basis for the functional divergence of Arabidopsis RUP1 and RUP2 in regulating flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Roman Podolec
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Adriana B Arongaus
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Fuchs
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Loubéry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Demarsy
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Plant Sciences, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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Wang Y, Jiang W, Li C, Wang Z, Lu C, Cheng J, Wei S, Yang J, Yang Q. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidate the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in the regulation of mulberry seed germination under salt stress. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38383312 PMCID: PMC10880279 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Seed propagation is the main method of mulberry expansion in China, an important economic forest species. However, seed germination is the most sensitive stage to various abiotic stresses, especially salinity stress. To reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of mulberry seed germination under salt stress, flavonoid metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed on mulberry seeds germinated under 50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl stress. Analysis of the flavonoid metabolome revealed that a total of 145 differential flavonoid metabolites (DFMs) were classified into 9 groups, 40 flavonols, 32 flavones, 16 chalcones and 14 flavanones. Among them, 61.4% (89) of the DFMs accumulated continuously with increasing salt concentration, reaching the highest level at a 100 mmol/L salt concentration; these DFMs included quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin), kaempferol (3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), quercetin-7-O-glucoside, taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), indicating that these flavonoids may be key metabolites involved in the response to salt stress. Transcriptional analysis identified a total of 3055 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most of which were enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940) and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (ko01110). Combined analysis of flavonoid metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonol synthase (FLS), bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) were the key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation during mulberry seed germination under 50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl stress. In addition, three transcription factors, MYB, bHLH and NAC, were involved in the regulation of flavonoid accumulation under salt stress. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) validation showed that the expression levels of 11 DEGs, including 7 genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, under different salt concentrations were consistent with the transcriptomic data, and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) results showed that the expression levels of 6 key enzymes (proteins) involved in flavonoid synthesis were consistent with the accumulation of flavonoids. This study provides a new perspective for investigating the regulatory role of flavonoid biosynthesis in the regulation of mulberry seed germination under salt stress at different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenlei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Can Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Junsen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanglin Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiasong Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
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Liu X, Xie Z, Xin J, Yuan S, Liu S, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Jin C. OsbZIP18 Is a Positive Regulator of Phenylpropanoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis under UV-B Radiation in Rice. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 38502046 PMCID: PMC10893026 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In plants exposed to ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B; 280-315 nm), metabolic responses are activated, which reduce the damage caused by UV-B. Although several metabolites responding to UV-B stress have been identified in plants, the accumulation of these metabolites at different time points under UV-B stress remains largely unclear, and the transcription factors regulating these metabolites have not been well characterized. Here, we explored the changes in metabolites in rice after UV-B treatment for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h and identified six patterns of metabolic change. We show that the rice transcription factor OsbZIP18 plays an important role in regulating phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress in rice. Metabolic profiling revealed that the contents of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid were significantly reduced in osbzip18 mutants compared with the wild-type plants (WT) under UV-B stress. Further analysis showed that the expression of many genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways was lower in osbzip18 mutants than in WT plants, including OsPAL5, OsC4H, Os4CL, OsCHS, OsCHIL2, and OsF3H. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed that OsbZIP18 bind to the promoters of these genes, suggesting that OsbZIP18 function is an important positive regulator of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B stress. In conclusion, our findings revealed that OsbZIP18 is an essential regulator for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and plays a crucial role in regulating UV-B stress responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyang Xie
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiajun Xin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shiqing Yuan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Sanya Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Hur YS, Oh J, Kim N, Kim S, Son O, Kim J, Um JH, Ji Z, Kim MH, Ko JH, Ohme-Takagi M, Choi G, Cheon CI. Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP13 promotes shade avoidance syndrome-like responses by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive gene promoters. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:241-257. [PMID: 37824096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
TCP13 belongs to a subgroup of TCP transcription factors implicated in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we show that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by enhancing hypocotyl elongation and suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis as a part of the incoherent feed-forward loop in light signaling. Shade is known to promote the SAS by activating PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin signaling in plants, but we found no evidence in a transcriptome analysis that TCP13 activates PIF-auxin signaling. Instead, TCP13 mimics shade by activating the expression of a subset of shade-inducible and cell elongation-promoting SAUR genes including SAUR19, by direct targeting of their promoters. We also found that TCP13 and PIF4, a molecular proxy for shade, repress the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes by directly targeting both shared and distinct sets of biosynthetic gene promoters. Together, our results indicate that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive genes without activating the PIF-auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jeonghwa Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Namuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ora Son
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Um
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Choong-Ill Cheon
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Abramova A, Vereshchagin M, Kulkov L, Kreslavski VD, Kuznetsov VV, Pashkovskiy P. Potential Role of Phytochromes A and B and Cryptochrome 1 in the Adaptation of Solanum lycopersicum to UV-B Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13142. [PMID: 37685948 PMCID: PMC10488226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UV-B causes both damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (PA) and the activation of specific mechanisms that protect the PA from excess energy and trigger a cascade of regulatory interactions with different photoreceptors, including phytochromes (PHYs) and cryptochromes (CRYs). However, the role of photoreceptors in plants' responses to UV-B radiation remains undiscovered. This study explores some of these responses using tomato photoreceptor mutants (phya, phyb1, phyab2, cry1). The effects of UV-B exposure (12.3 µmol (photons) m-2 s-1) on photosynthetic rates and PSII photochemical activity, the contents of photosynthetic and UV-absorbing pigments and anthocyanins, and the nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were studied. The expression of key light-signaling genes, including UV-B signaling and genes associated with the biosynthesis of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, was also determined. Under UV-B, phyab2 and cry1 mutants demonstrated a reduction in the PSII effective quantum yield and photosynthetic rate, as well as a reduced value of TEAC. At the same time, UV-B irradiation led to a noticeable decrease in the expression of the ultraviolet-B receptor (UVR8), repressor of UV-B photomorphogenesis 2 (RUP2), cullin 4 (CUL4), anthocyanidin synthase (ANT), phenylalanine ammonia-lease (PAL), and phytochrome B2 (PHYB2) genes in phyab2 and RUP2, CUL4, ANT, PAL, and elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) genes in the cry1 mutant. The results indicate the mutual regulation of UVR8, PHYB2, and CRY1 photoreceptors, but not PHYB1 and PHYA, in the process of forming a response to UV-B irradiation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abramova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Leonid Kulkov
- Department of Technologies for the Production of Vegetable, Medicinal and Essential Oils, Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, Moscow 127550, Russia;
| | - Vladimir D. Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (A.A.); (M.V.); (V.V.K.); (P.P.)
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Zhao J, Bo K, Pan Y, Li Y, Yu D, Li C, Chang J, Wu S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Gu X, Weng Y. Phytochrome-interacting factor PIF3 integrates phytochrome B and UV-B signaling pathways to regulate gibberellin- and auxin-dependent growth in cucumber hypocotyls. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:4520-4539. [PMID: 37201922 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the photoreceptors phytochrome B (PhyB) and UV-B resistance 8 (UVR8) mediate light responses that play a major role in regulating photomorphogenic hypocotyl growth, but how they crosstalk to coordinate this process is not well understood. Here we report map-based cloning and functional characterization of an ultraviolet (UV)-B-insensitive, long-hypocotyl mutant, lh1, and a wild-type-like mutant, lh2, in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), which show defective CsPhyB and GA oxidase2 (CsGA20ox-2), a key gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis enzyme, respectively. The lh2 mutation was epistatic to lh1 and partly suppressed the long-hypocotyl phenotype in the lh1lh2 double mutant. We identified phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) CsPIF3 as playing a critical role in integrating the red/far-red and UV-B light responses for hypocotyl growth. We show that two modules, CsPhyB-CsPIF3-CsGA20ox-2-DELLA and CsPIF3-auxin response factor 18 (CsARF18), mediate CsPhyB-regulated hypocotyl elongation through GA and auxin pathways, respectively, in which CsPIF3 binds to the G/E-box motifs in the promoters of CsGA20ox-2 and CsARF18 to regulate their expression. We also identified a new physical interaction between CsPIF3 and CsUVR8 mediating CsPhyB-dependent, UV-B-induced hypocotyl growth inhibition. Our work suggests that hypocotyl growth in cucumber involves a complex interplay of multiple photoreceptor- and phytohormone-mediated signaling pathways that show both conservation with and divergence from those in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhao
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Kailiang Bo
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yupeng Pan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Daoliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Xin J, Che T, Huang X, Yan H, Jiang S. A comprehensive view of metabolic responses to CYP98 perturbation in ancestral plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107793. [PMID: 37276808 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 98 (CYP98) is a critical rate-limiting enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. One of the end-product of the phenylpropanoid pathway is a lignin monomer, although the occurrence of lignin in bryophytes is controversial. Here we investigated the functions of PpCYP98 in Physcomitrium patens by transcriptome and metabolome analyses. We identified 5266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 68 differentially abundant secondary metabolites between wild-type and ΔPpCYP98 gametophores. Of the identified metabolites, 23 phenolic acids were identified, with only one showing upregulation. Among the phenolic acids, 4-coumaroyl tartaric acid and chlorogenic acid showed significant decreases. Declines were also observed in coniferylaldehyde and coniferin, precursor substances and downstream products of the lignin monomer coniferyl alcohol, respectively. Thus, the pre-lignin synthesis pathway already exists in bryophytes, and PpCYP98 plays vital roles in this pathway. Besides, most flavonoids show significant reductions, including eriodyctiol, dihydroquecetin, and dihydromyricetin, whereas naringenin chalone and dihydrokaempferol were increased after PpCYP98 knockout. Therefore, the synthesis of flavonoids shares the core pathway with phenylpropanoids and mainly starts from caffeoyl-CoA, that is the compound of divergence between the two pathways in moss. PpCYP98 showed systemic effects on metabolisms, including carbohydrate, fatty acid, and hormonal signaling transductions, suggesting that PpCYP98 might indirectly regulate carbon influx allocation. Our results demonstrated roles of PpCYP98 were essential for the development of the early landing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Tianmin Che
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; College of International Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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10
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Wei Y, Wang S, Yu D. The Role of Light Quality in Regulating Early Seedling Development. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2746. [PMID: 37514360 PMCID: PMC10383958 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that plants are sessile and photoautotrophic organisms that rely on light throughout their entire life cycle. Light quality (spectral composition) is especially important as it provides energy for photosynthesis and influences signaling pathways that regulate plant development in the complex process of photomorphogenesis. During previous years, significant progress has been made in light quality's physiological and biochemical effects on crops. However, understanding how light quality modulates plant growth and development remains a complex challenge. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of light quality in regulating the early development of plants, encompassing processes such as seed germination, seedling de-etiolation, and seedling establishment. These insights can be harnessed to improve production planning and crop quality by producing high-quality seedlings in plant factories and improving the theoretical framework for modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmin Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dashi Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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11
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Santin M, Simoni S, Vangelisti A, Giordani T, Cavallini A, Mannucci A, Ranieri A, Castagna A. Transcriptomic Analysis on the Peel of UV-B-Exposed Peach Fruit Reveals an Upregulation of Phenolic- and UVR8-Related Pathways. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091818. [PMID: 37176875 PMCID: PMC10180693 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UV-B treatment deeply influences plant physiology and biochemistry, especially by activating the expression of responsive genes involved in UV-B acclimation through a UV-B-specific perception mechanism. Although the UV-B-related molecular responses have been widely studied in Arabidopsis, relatively few research reports deepen the knowledge on the influence of post-harvest UV-B treatment on fruit. In this work, a transcriptomic approach is adopted to investigate the transcriptional modifications occurring in the peel of UV-B-treated peach (Prunus persica L., cv Fairtime) fruit after harvest. Our analysis reveals a higher gene regulation after 1 h from the irradiation (88% of the differentially expressed genes-DEGs), compared to 3 h recovery. The overexpression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone syntase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavonol synthase (FLS) revealed a strong activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway, resulting in the later increase in the concentration of specific flavonoid classes, e.g., anthocyanins, flavones, dihydroflavonols, and flavanones, 36 h after the treatment. Upregulation of UVR8-related genes (HY5, COP1, and RUP) suggests that UV-B-triggered activation of the UVR8 pathway occurs also in post-harvest peach fruit. In addition, a regulation of genes involved in the cell-wall dismantling process (PME) is observed. In conclusion, post-harvest UV-B exposure deeply affects the transcriptome of the peach peel, promoting the activation of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of phenolics, likely via UVR8. Thus, our results might pave the way to a possible use of post-harvest UV-B treatments to enhance the content of health-promoting compounds in peach fruits and extending the knowledge of the UVR8 gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuel Simoni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Rai K, Yadav K, Das M, Chaudhary S, Naik K, Singh P, Dubey AK, Yadav SK, Agrawal SB, Parmar AS. Effect of carbon quantum dots derived from extracts of UV-B-exposed Eclipta alba on alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis in Golden Hamster. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00396-3. [PMID: 36826694 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The Eclipta alba plant is considered hepatoprotective, owing to its phytoconstituents wedelolactone. In the current study, effect of elevated ultraviolet-B (eUV-B) radiation was investigated on biochemical, phytochemical, and antioxidative enzymatic activities of E. alba (Bhringraj) plant. The UV-B exposure resulted in an increase in oxidative stress, which has caused an imbalance in phytochemical, biochemical constituents, and induced antioxidative enzymatic activities. It was observed that the UV-B exposure promoted wedelolactone yield by 23.64%. Further, the leaf extract of UV-B-exposed plants was used for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using low cost, one-step hydrothermal technique and its biocompatibility was studied using in vitro MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on HepG2 liver cell line. It revealed no toxicity in any treatment groups in comparison to the control. Both CQDs and leaf extract were orally administered to the golden hamster suffering from alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis. In the morphometric study, it was clearly observed that a combination of UV-B-exposed leaf extract and synthesized CQDs delivered the best result with maximum recovery of liver tissues. The present study reveals the positive impact of UV-B exposure on the medicinally important plant, increased yield of wedelolactone, and its enhanced hepatoprotective efficacy for the treatment of damaged liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Rai
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Megha Das
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kaustubh Naik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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13
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Zhang Q, Lin L, Fang F, Cui B, Zhu C, Luo S, Yin R. Dissecting the functions of COP1 in the UVR8 pathway with a COP1 variant in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2023; 113:478-492. [PMID: 36495441 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COP1 is a critical repressor of plant photomorphogenesis in darkness. However, COP1 plays distinct roles in the photoreceptor UVR8 pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. COP1 interacts with ultraviolet B (UV-B)-activated UVR8 monomers and promotes their retention and accumulation in the nucleus. Moreover, COP1 has a function in UV-B signaling, which involves the binding of its WD40 domain to UVR8 and HY5 via conserved Val-Pro (VP) motifs of these proteins. UV-B-activated UVR8 interacts with COP1 via both the core domain and the VP motif, leading to the displacement of HY5 from COP1 and HY5 stabilization. However, it remains unclear whether the function of COP1 in UV-B signaling is solely dependent on its VP motif binding capacity and whether UV-B regulates the subcellular localization of COP1. Based on published structures of the COP1 WD40 domain, we generated a COP1 variant with a single amino acid substitution, COP1C509S , which cannot bind to VP motifs but retains the ability to interact with the UVR8 core domain. UV-B only marginally increased nuclear YFP-COP1 levels and significantly promoted YFP-COP1 accumulation in the cytosol, but did not exert the same effects on YFP-COP1C509S . Thus, the full UVR8-COP1 interaction is important for COP1 accumulation in the cytosol. Notably, UV-B signaling including activation of HY5 transcription was obviously inhibited in the Arabidopsis lines expressing YFP-COP1C509S , which cannot bind VP motifs. We conclude that the full binding of UVR8 to COP1 leads to the predominant accumulation of COP1 in the cytosol and that COP1 has an additional function in UV-B signaling besides VP binding-mediated protein destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Beimi Cui
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Cheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shukun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruohe Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
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14
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chang H, Ren H, Wu X, Wen J, Guan Z, Ma L, Qiu L, Yan J, Zhang D, Huang X, Yin P. RUP2 facilitates UVR8 redimerization via two interfaces. Plant Commun 2023; 4:100428. [PMID: 36065466 PMCID: PMC9860181 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) exists as a homodimer in its inactive ground state. Upon UV-B exposure, UVR8 monomerizes and interacts with a downstream key regulator, the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA (COP1/SPA) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, to initiate UV-B signaling. Two WD40 proteins, REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (RUP1) and RUP2 directly interact with monomeric UVR8 and facilitate UVR8 ground state reversion, completing the UVR8 photocycle. Here, we reconstituted the RUP-mediated UVR8 redimerization process in vitro and reported the structure of the RUP2-UVR8W285A complex (2.0 Å). RUP2 and UVR8W285A formed a heterodimer via two distinct interfaces, designated Interface 1 and 2. The previously characterized Interface 1 is found between the RUP2 WD40 domain and the UVR8 C27 subregion. The newly identified Interface 2 is formed through interactions between the RUP2 WD40 domain and the UVR8 core domain. Disruption of Interface 2 impaired UV-B induced photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further biochemical analysis indicated that both interfaces are important for RUP2-UVR8 interactions and RUP2-mediated facilitation of UVR8 redimerization. Our findings suggest that the two-interface-interaction mode is adopted by both RUP2 and COP1 when they interact with UVR8, marking a step forward in understanding the molecular basis that underpins the interactions between UVR8 and its photocycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongfei Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zeyuan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Abstract
Like in other angiosperms, the development of flowers in Arabidopsis starts right after the floral transition, when the shoot apical meristem (SAM) stops producing leaves and makes flowers instead. On the flanks of the SAM emerge the flower meristems (FM) that will soon differentiate into the four main floral organs, sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil, stereotypically arranged in concentric whorls. Each phase of flower development-floral transition, floral bud initiation, and floral organ development-is under the control of specific gene networks. In this chapter, we describe these different phases and the gene regulatory networks involved, from the floral transition to the floral termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Chahtane
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Conservatoire Botanique Pierre Fabre, Soual, France
| | - Xuelei Lai
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Philippe Rieu
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Coralie Cancé
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Senga, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - François Parcy
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France.
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16
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Czégény G, Rácz A. Phenolic peroxidases: Dull generalists or purposeful specialists in stress responses? J Plant Physiol 2023; 280:153884. [PMID: 36543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on class III peroxidases (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7) as regulators of cellular H2O2 levels in leaves under oxidative stress. The effective regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in plant tissues is crucial for plant survival, and has been extensively reviewed. However, the majority of studies regard POD as a generalist without substrate specificity. This is partly due to the fact that laboratory protocols assessing POD levels use substrates, which are not contained in plants. Here, we show that both base- and stress-inducible POD activity depends on the choice of substrate. Moreover, the application of diverse substrates, particularly those contained in plants, unmasks POD isoenzymes that are distinguished by substrate preferences. This functional heterogeneity of POD responses is worth studying, especially in parallel with stress-induced changes in the phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Czégény
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arnold Rácz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary.
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17
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Fang F, Lin L, Zhang Q, Lu M, Skvortsova MY, Podolec R, Zhang Q, Pi J, Zhang C, Ulm R, Yin R. Mechanisms of UV-B light-induced photoreceptor UVR8 nuclear localization dynamics. New Phytol 2022; 236:1824-1837. [PMID: 36089828 PMCID: PMC9825989 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light regulates the subcellular localization of plant photoreceptors, a key step in light signaling. Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) induces the plant photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) nuclear accumulation, where it regulates photomorphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism for the UV-B-regulated UVR8 nuclear localization dynamics is unknown. With fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), cell fractionation followed by immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays we tested the function of UVR8-interacting proteins including CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), REPRESSOR OF UV-B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (RUP1) and RUP2 in the regulation of UVR8 nuclear dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that UV-B-induced rapid UVR8 nuclear translocation is independent of COP1, which previously was shown to be required for UV-B-induced UVR8 nuclear accumulation. Instead, we provide evidence that the UV-B-induced UVR8 homodimer-to-monomer photo-switch and the concurrent size reduction of UVR8 enables its monomer nuclear translocation, most likely via free diffusion. Nuclear COP1 interacts with UV-B-activated UVR8 monomer, thereby promoting UVR8 nuclear retention. Conversely, RUP1and RUP2, whose expressions are induced by UV-B, inhibit UVR8 nuclear retention via attenuating the UVR8-COP1 interaction, allowing UVR8 to exit the nucleus. Collectively, our data suggest that UV-B-induced monomerization of UVR8 promotes its nuclear translocation via free diffusion. In the nucleus, COP1 binding promotes UVR8 monomer nuclear retention, which is counterbalanced by the major negative regulators RUP1 and RUP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200240China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200240China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of AgricultureShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200240China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Mariya Y. Skvortsova
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Roman Podolec
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3)University of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Qinyun Zhang
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200240China
| | - Jiahao Pi
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200240China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200240China
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3)University of GenevaCH‐1211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Ruohe Yin
- School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang DistrictShanghai200240China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of AgricultureShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
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18
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Sezen Toksoy Köseoğlu, Ali Doğru. Effect of Short-Term and Long-Term UV-B Radiation on PSII Activity and Antioxidant Enzymes in Cucurbita pepo L. Leaves. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022140096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Liu M, Sun W, Ma Z, Guo C, Chen J, Wu Q, Wang X, Chen H. Integrated network analyses identify MYB4R1 neofunctionalization in the UV-B adaptation of Tartary buckwheat. Plant Commun 2022; 3:100414. [PMID: 35923114 PMCID: PMC9700134 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of adaptive evolution is innovation in gene function, which is associated with the development of distinct roles for genes during plant evolution; however, assessing functional innovation over long periods of time is not trivial. Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) originated in the Himalayan region and has been exposed to intense UV-B radiation for a long time, making it an ideal species for studying novel UV-B response mechanisms in plants. Here, we developed a workflow to obtain a co-functional network of UV-B responses using data from more than 10,000 samples in more than 80 projects with multi-species and multi-omics data. Dissecting the entire network revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis was most significantly related to the UV-B response. Importantly, we found that the regulatory factor MYB4R1, which resides at the core of the network, has undergone neofunctionalization. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that MYB4R1 regulates flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV-B in buckwheat by binding to L-box motifs in the FtCHS, FtFLS, and FtUFGT promoters. We used deep learning to develop a visual discrimination model of buckwheat flavonoid content based on natural populations exposed to global UV-B radiation. Our study highlights the critical role of gene neofunctionalization in UV-B adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases and Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chaocheng Guo
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Ling C, Wang X, Li Z, He Y, Li Y. Effects and Mechanism of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on the Flag Leaf Angle of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12776. [PMID: 36361567 PMCID: PMC9654109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle is an influential agricultural trait that influences rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant type and yield, which results from the leaf bending from the vertical axis to the abaxial axis. UV-B radiation affects plant morphology, but the effects of varying UV-B intensities on rice flag leaves and the underlying molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms remain unknown. This experiment aims to examine the effect of natural light and field-enhanced UV-B radiation (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 kJ·m−2) on the leaf angle of the traditional rice variety Baijiaolaojing on Yuanyang terraces. In comparison with natural light, the content of brassinolide and gibberellin in rice flag leaves increased by 29.94% and 60.1%, respectively. The auxin content decreased by 17.3%. Compared with the natural light treatment, the cellulose content in the pulvini was reduced by 13.8% and hemicellulose content by 25.7% under 7.5 kJ·m−2 radiation intensity. The thick-walled cell area and vascular bundle area of the leaf pulvini decreased with increasing radiation intensity, and the growth of mechanical tissue in the rice leaf pulvini was inhibited. The flag leaf angle of rice was greatest at 7.5 kJ·m−2 radiation intensity, with an increase of 50.2%. There are two pathways by which the angle of rice flag leaves is controlled under high-intensity UV-B radiation. The leaf angle regulation genes OsBUL1, OsGSR1, and OsARF19 control hormone levels, whereas the ILA1 gene controls fiber levels. Therefore, as cellulose, hemicellulose, sclerenchyma, and vascular bundles weaken the mechanical support of the pulvini, the angle of the flag leaf increases.
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21
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Sun G, Yang L, Zhan W, Chen S, Song M, Wang L, Jiang L, Guo L, Wang K, Ye X, Gou M, Zheng X, Yang J, Yan Z. HFR1, a bHLH Transcriptional Regulator from Arabidopsis thaliana, Improves Grain Yield, Shade and Osmotic Stress Tolerances in Common Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912057. [PMID: 36233359 PMCID: PMC9569703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common wheat, Triticum aestivum, is the most widely grown staple crop worldwide. To catch up with the increasing global population and cope with the changing climate, it is valuable to breed wheat cultivars that are tolerant to abiotic or shade stresses for density farming. Arabidopsis LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (AtHFR1), a photomorphogenesis-promoting factor, is involved in multiple light-related signaling pathways and inhibits seedling etiolation and shade avoidance. We report that overexpression of AtHFR1 in wheat inhibits etiolation phenotypes under various light and shade conditions, leading to shortened plant height and increased spike number relative to non-transgenic plants in the field. Ectopic expression of AtHFR1 in wheat increases the transcript levels of TaCAB and TaCHS as observed previously in Arabidopsis, indicating that the AtHFR1 transgene can activate the light signal transduction pathway in wheat. AtHFR1 transgenic seedlings significantly exhibit tolerance to osmotic stress during seed germination compared to non-transgenic wheat. The AtHFR1 transgene represses transcription of TaFT1, TaCO1, and TaCO2, delaying development of the shoot apex and heading in wheat. Furthermore, the AtHFR1 transgene in wheat inhibits transcript levels of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKEs (TaPIL13, TaPIL15-1B, and TaPIL15-1D), downregulating the target gene STAYGREEN (TaSGR), and thus delaying dark-induced leaf senescence. In the field, grain yields of three AtHFR1 transgenic lines were 18.2–48.1% higher than those of non-transgenic wheat. In summary, genetic modification of light signaling pathways using a photomorphogenesis-promoting factor has positive effects on grain yield due to changes in plant architecture and resource allocation and enhances tolerances to osmotic stress and shade avoidance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Sun
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Luhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shizhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zehong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Z.Y.)
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Carranco R, Prieto‐Dapena P, Almoguera C, Jordano J. A seed-specific transcription factor, HSFA9, anticipates UV-B light responses by mimicking the activation of the UV-B receptor in tobacco. Plant J 2022; 111:1439-1452. [PMID: 35811570 PMCID: PMC9540186 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower heat shock factor A9 (HSFA9, hereafter A9) is a transcription factor involved in seed desiccation tolerance and longevity. A9 also links the regulation of seed maturation with that of seedling photomorphogenesis through visible light receptors. Analyses in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) indicated that A9 also affects responses mediated by NtUVR8, the receptor of ultraviolet light B (UV-B). We compared the effects of A9 and UV-B illumination on the nuclear localization of GFP-NtUVR8 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We also used co-immunoprecipitation and limited proteolysis for analyzing the interaction between A9 and NtUVR8. We found that A9, by binding to NtUVR8, induced structural changes that resulted in enhancing the nuclear localization of NtUVR8 by hindering its nuclear export. The localization of UVR8 is crucial for receptor activation and function in Arabidopsis, where UV-B-activated nuclear UVR8 binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1, leading to enhanced UV-B responses and photoprotection. A9 similarly activated NtUVR8 by enhancing COP1 binding without UV-B light. Seedlings and dark-germinated seeds that overexpress A9 showed primed UV-B light stress protection. Our results unveil a UV-B-independent activation mechanism and a role for UVR8 in plant seeds that might contribute to early stress protection, facilitating seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Carranco
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Pilar Prieto‐Dapena
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Concepción Almoguera
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Juan Jordano
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
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Guo Y, Quan J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhang R, Yue M. Predictability of parental ultraviolet-B environment shapes the growth strategies of clonal Glechoma longituba. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:949752. [PMID: 35991455 PMCID: PMC9386186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.949752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although there is an increasing debate about ecological consequences of environmental predictability for plant phenotype and fitness, the effect of predictability of parental environments on the offspring is still indefinite. To clarify the role of environmental predictability in maternal effects and the growth strategy of clonal offspring, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with Glechoma longituba. The parental ramets were arranged in three ultraviolet-B (UV-B) conditions, representing two predictable environments (regular and enhanced UV-B) and an unpredictable environment (random UV-B), respectively. The offspring environments were the same as their parent or not (without UV-B). At the end of experiment, the growth parameters of offspring were analyzed. The results showed that maternal effects and offspring growth were regulated by environmental predictability. Offspring of unpredictable environmental parents invested more resources in improving defense components rather than in rapid growth. Although offspring of predictable parents combined two processes of defense and growth, there were still some differences in the strategies between the two offspring, and the offspring of regular parent increased the biomass allocation to roots (0.069 g of control vs. 0.092 g of regular), but that of enhanced parent changed the resource allocation of nitrogen in roots and phosphorus in blade. Moreover, when UV-B environments of parent and offspring were matched, it seemed that maternal effects were not adaptive, while the growth inhibition in the predictable environment was weaker than that in unpredictable environment. In the predictable environment, the recovered R/S and the increased defense substances (flavonoid and anthocyanin) contributed to improving offspring fitness. In addition, when UV-B environments of parent and offspring were mismatched, offspring growth was restored or improved to some extent. The offspring performance in mismatched environments was controlled by both transgenerational effect and within-generational plasticity. In summary, the maternal effects affected growth strategies of offspring, and the differences of strategies depended on the predictability of parental UV-B environments, the clone improved chemical defense to cope with unpredictable environments, while the growth and defense could be balanced in predictable environments. The anticipatory maternal effects were likely to improve the UV-B resistance.
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Bandara WW, Wijesundera WSS, Hettiarachchi C. Rice and Arabidopsis BBX proteins: toward genetic engineering of abiotic stress resistant crops. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:164. [PMID: 36092969 PMCID: PMC9452616 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Productivity of crop plants are enormously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The co-occurrence of several abiotic stresses may lead to death of crop plants. Hence, it is the responsibility of plant scientists to develop crop plants equipped with multistress tolerance pathways. A subgroup of zinc finger transcription factor family, known as B-box (BBX) proteins, play a key role in light and hormonal regulation pathways. In addition, BBX proteins act as key regulatory proteins in many abiotic stress regulatory pathways, including Ultraviolet-B (UV-B), salinity, drought, heat and cold, and heavy metal stresses. Most of the BBX proteins identified in Arabidopsis and rice respond to more than one abiotic stress. Considering the requirement of improving rice for multistress tolerance, this review discusses functionally characterized Arabidopsis and rice BBX proteins in the development of abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, it highlights the participation of BBX proteins in multistress regulation and crop improvement through genetic engineering.
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25
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Kochetova GV, Avercheva OV, Bassarskaya EM, Zhigalova TV. Light quality as a driver of photosynthetic apparatus development. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:779-803. [PMID: 36124269 PMCID: PMC9481803 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light provides energy for photosynthesis and also acts as an important environmental signal. During their evolution, plants acquired sophisticated sensory systems for light perception and light-dependent regulation of their growth and development in accordance with the local light environment. Under natural conditions, plants adapted by using their light sensors to finely distinguish direct sunlight and dark in the soil, deep grey shade under the upper soil layer or litter, green shade under the canopy and even lateral green reflectance from neighbours. Light perception also allows plants to evaluate in detail the weather, time of day, day length and thus the season. However, in artificial lighting conditions, plants are confronted with fundamentally different lighting conditions. The advent of new light sources - light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which emit narrow-band light - allows growing plants with light of different spectral bands or their combinations. This sets the task of finding out how light of different quality affects the development and functioning of plants, and in particular, their photosynthetic apparatus (PSA), which is one of the basic processes determining plant yield. In this review, we briefly describe how plants perceive environment light signals by their five families of photoreceptors and by the PSA as a particular light sensor, and how they use this information to form their PSA under artificial narrow-band LED-based lighting of different spectral composition. We consider light regulation of the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic complexes and chloroplast ATP synthase function, PSA photoprotection mechanisms, carbon assimilation reactions and stomatal development and function.
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26
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Huang Y, Xiong H, Xie Y, Lyu S, Miao T, Li T, Lyu G, Li S. BBX24 Interacts with DELLA to Regulate UV-B-Induced Photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35806395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UV-B radiation, sensed by the photoreceptor UVR8, induces signal transduction for plant photomorphogenesis. UV-B radiation affects the concentration of the endogenous plant hormone gibberellin (GA), which in turn triggers DELLA protein degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. DELLA is a negative regulator in GA signaling, partially relieving the inhibition of hypocotyl growth induced by UV-B in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, GAs do usually not work independently but integrate in complex networks linking to other plant hormones and responses to external environmental signals. Until now, our understanding of the regulatory network underlying GA-involved UV-B photomorphogenesis had remained elusive. In the present research, we investigate the crosstalk between the GA and UV-B signaling pathways in UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with wild type Landsberg erecta (Ler), the abundance of HY5, CHS, FLS, and UF3GT were found to be down-regulated in rga-24 and gai-t6 mutants under UV-B radiation, indicating that DELLA is a positive regulator in UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis. Our results indicate that BBX24 interacts with RGA (one of the functional DELLA family members). Furthermore, we also found that RGA interacts with HY5 (the master regulator in plant photomorphogenesis). Collectively, our findings suggest that the HY5−BBX24−DELLA module serves as an important signal regulating network, in which GA is involved in UV-B signaling to regulate hypocotyl inhibition.
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27
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Dawood MFA, Abu-Elsaoud AM, Sofy MR, Mohamed HI, Soliman MH. Appraisal of kinetin spraying strategy to alleviate the harmful effects of UVC stress on tomato plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:52378-52398. [PMID: 35258726 PMCID: PMC9343307 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing ultraviolet (UV) radiation is causing oxidative stress that accounts for growth and yield losses in the present era of climate change. Plant hormones are useful tools for minimizing UV-induced oxidative stress in plants, but their putative roles in protecting tomato development under UVC remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of pre-and post-kinetin (Kn) treatments on tomato plants under UVC stress. The best dose of Kn was screened in the preliminary experiments, and this dose was tested in further experiments. UVC significantly decreases growth traits, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, and primary metabolites (proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids) but increases oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide) and proline content. Treatment of pre-and post-kinetin spraying to tomato plants decreases UVC-induced oxidative stress by restoring the primary and secondary metabolites' (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) status and upregulating the antioxidant defense systems (non-enzymatic antioxidants as ascorbate, reduced glutathione, α-tocopherol as well as enzymatic antioxidants as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). Thus, the application of Kn in optimum doses and through different modes can be used to alleviate UVC-induced negative impacts in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F A Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud R Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba I Mohamed
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, P.C.11757, Heliopolis Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-SharmYanbu El-Bahr, , Yanbu, 46429, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yang G, Zhang C, Dong H, Liu X, Guo H, Tong B, Fang F, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Liu Y, Lin L, Yin R. Activation and negative feedback regulation of SlHY5 transcription by the SlBBX20/21-SlHY5 transcription factor module in UV-B signaling. Plant Cell 2022; 34:2038-2055. [PMID: 35188198 PMCID: PMC9048894 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other plants, the photoreceptor UV-RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 regulates plant UV-B photomorphogenesis by modulating the transcription of many genes, the majority of which depends on the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). HY5 transcription is induced and then rapidly attenuated by UV-B. However, neither the transcription factors that activate HY5 transcription nor the mechanism for its attenuation during UV-B signaling is known. Here, we report that the tomato B-BOX (BBX) transcription factors SlBBX20 and SlBBX21 interact with SlHY5 and bind to the SlHY5 promoter to activate its transcription. UV-B-induced SlHY5 expression and SlHY5-controlled UV-B responses are normal in slbbx20 and slbbx21 single mutants, but strongly compromised in the slbbx20 slbbx21 double mutant. Surprisingly, UV-B responses are also compromised in lines overexpressing SlBBX20 or SlBBX21. Both SlHY5 and SlBBX20 bind to G-box1 in the SlHY5 promoter. SlHY5 outcompetes SlBBX20 for binding to the SlHY5 promoter in vitro, and inhibits the association of SlBBX20 with the SlHY5 promoter in vivo. Overexpressing 35S:SlHY5-FLAG in the WT background inhibits UV-B-induced endogenous SlHY5 expression. Together, our results reveal the critical role of the SlBBX20/21-SlHY5 module in activating the expression of SlHY5, the gene product of which inhibits its own gene transcription under UV-B, forming an autoregulatory negative feedback loop that balances SlHY5 transcription in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqian Yang
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huaxi Dong
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huicong Guo
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boqin Tong
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunji Yu
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Lin
- Shanghai Cooperative Innovation Center for Modern Seed Industry/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Zioutopoulou A, Patitaki E, O’Donnell L, Kaiserli E. Low Fluence Ultraviolet-B Promotes Ultraviolet Resistance 8-Modulated Flowering in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:840720. [PMID: 35432431 PMCID: PMC9009151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation (280-320 nm) is an integral part of sunlight and a pivotal environmental cue that triggers various plant responses, from photoprotection to photomorphogenesis and metabolic processes. UV-B is perceived by ULTRAVIOLET RESISTANCE 8 (UVR8), which orchestrates UV-B signal transduction and transcriptional control of UV-B-responsive genes. However, there is limited information on the molecular mechanism underlying the UV-B- and UVR8-dependent regulation of flowering time in plants. Here, we investigate the role of UV-B and UVR8 in photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings suggest that UV-B controls photoperiodic flowering in an ecotype-specific manner and that UVR8 acts as a negative regulator of UV-B-induced flowering. Overall, our research shows that UV-B modulates flowering initiation through the action of UVR8 at the transcriptional level.
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Tsurumoto T, Fujikawa Y, Onoda Y, Ochi Y, Ohta D, Okazawa A. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that narrowband 280 and 310 nm UV-B induce distinctive responses in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4319. [PMID: 35279697 PMCID: PMC8918342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn plants, the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS8 (UVR8) perceives UV-B and induces UV-B responses. UVR8 absorbs a range of UV-B (260–335 nm). However, the responsiveness of plants to each UV-B wavelength has not been intensively studied so far. Here, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Arabidopsis using UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 280 and 310 nm to investigate the differences in the wavelength-specific UV-B responses. Irradiation with both UV-LEDs induced gene expression of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), which has a central role in the UVR8 signaling pathway. However, the overall transcriptomic and metabolic responses to 280 and 310 nm UV-LED irradiation were different. Most of the known UV-B-responsive genes, such as defense-related genes, responded only to 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. Lipids, polyamines and organic acids were the metabolites most affected by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation, whereas the effect of 310 nm UV-LED irradiation on the metabolome was considerably less. Enzymatic genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway upstream in anthocyanin biosynthesis were up-regulated only by 280 nm UV-LED irradiation. These results revealed that the responsivenesses of Arabidopsis to 280 and 310 nm UV-B were significantly different, suggesting that UV-B signaling is mediated by more complex pathways than the current model.
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Pang X, Suo J, Liu S, Xu J, Yang T, Xiang N, Wu Y, Lu B, Qin R, Liu H, Yao J. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the potential mechanism of seed germination and young seedling growth in Tamarix hispida. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:109. [PMID: 35135479 PMCID: PMC8826658 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seed germination is a series of ordered physiological and morphogenetic processes and a critical stage in plant life cycle. Tamarix hispida is one of the most salt-tolerant plant species; however, its seed germination has not been analysed using combined transcriptomics and metabolomics. Results Transcriptomic sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics were used to detect the transcriptional metabolic profiles of T. hispida at different stages of seed germination and young seedling growth. Transcriptomics showed that 46,538 genes were significantly altered throughout the studied development period. Enrichment study revealed that plant hormones, such as auxin, ABA, JA and SA played differential roles at varying stages of seed germination and post-germination. Metabolomics detected 1022 metabolites, with flavonoids accounting for the highest proportion of differential metabolites. Combined analysis indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis in young seedling growth, such as rhoifolin and quercetin, may improve the plant’s adaptative ability to extreme desert environments. Conclusions The differential regulation of plant hormones and the accumulation of flavonoids may be important for the seed germination survival of T. hispida in response to salt or arid deserts. This study enhanced the understanding of the overall mechanism in seed germination and post-germination. The results provide guidance for the ecological value and young seedling growth of T. hispida. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08341-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin'an Pang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Jiangtao Suo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Tian'ge Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Niyan Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Bojie Lu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Zhang F, Huang J, Guo H, Yang C, Li Y, Shen S, Zhan C, Qu L, Liu X, Wang S, Chen W, Luo J. OsRLCK160 contributes to flavonoid accumulation and UV-B tolerance by regulating OsbZIP48 in rice. Sci China Life Sci 2022; 65:1380-1394. [PMID: 35079956 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce specialized metabolites to adapt to the ever-changing environments. Flavonoids are antioxidants essential for growth, development, and breeding with increased stress resistance in crops. However, the mechanism of the involvement of flavonoids in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress in rice (Oryza sativa) is largely unknown. In this study, we cloned and functionally identified a receptor-like kinase (OsRLCK160) and a bZIP transcription factor (OsbZIP48) positively regulating flavonoid accumulation through metabolite-based genome-wide association study of the flavonoid content in rice. Meanwhile, OsRLCK160 interacted with and phosphorylated OsbZIP48 to regulate the flavonoid accumulation and participate in UV-B tolerance in rice. Our study indicates the importance of applying OsRLCK160 and OsbZIP48 to advance the fundamental understanding of stable rice production and breed UV-B-tolerant rice varieties, which may contribute to breeding high-yield rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangqian Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuansong Zhan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570288, China.
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Peng T, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang F, Luo J, Zhang Y. Physiological and Biochemical Responses, and Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Two Angelica sinensis Cultivars Under Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:805407. [PMID: 34975996 PMCID: PMC8718920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.805407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the adaptive mechanism of two varieties of Angelica sinensis exposed to enhanced Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. The radiation had different effects on the biomass, photosynthetic performance, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense system, and levels of bioactive compounds of Mingui 1 (C1) and Mingui 2 (C2). C2 outperformed C1 under enhanced UV-B radiation, compared to natural light. Using the Illumina RNA-seq, we obtained 6,326 and 2,583 DEGs in C1 and C2, respectively. Under enhanced UV-B radiation, the mRNA levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, antennae protein synthesis, carbon fixation, chlorophyll synthesis, and carotenoid synthesis were decreased in C1 but stable in C2, involving few DEGs. TFs were widely involved in the response of C1 to enhanced UV-B radiation; almost all bHLH and MYB coding genes were downregulated whereas almost all genes encoded WRKY22, WRKY50, WRKY72, NCF, and HSF were upregulated. These results indicate that enhanced UV-B radiation was not conducive to the synthesis of flavonoids, while disease resistance was enhanced. Regarding the ROS scavenging system, upregulated DEGs were mainly found in the AsA-GSH cycle and PrxR/Trx pathways. Remarkably, DEGs that those encoding biosynthetic key enzymes, including ferulic acid (CHS, CHI, DFR, and ANS) and flavonoid (CHS, CHI, DFR, and ANS), most upregulation in C2, leading to increased accumulation of ferulic acid and flavonoids and adversely affecting C1. Genes encoding key enzymes involved in the synthesis of lactone components (ACX, PXG) were mostly up-regulated in C1, increasing the content of lactone components. Our results reveal the DEGs present between C1 and C2 under enhanced UV-B radiation and are consistent with the observed differences in physiological and biochemical indexes. C1 was more sensitive to enhanced UV-B radiation, and C2 was more tolerant to it under moderate enhanced UV-B radiation stress. In addition, the large amount of A. sinensis transcriptome data generated here will serve as a source for finding effective ways to mitigate UV-B enhancement, and also contribute to the well-established lack of genetic information for non-model plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinquan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fusheng Wang
- Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Liu S, Fang S, Liu C, Zhao L, Cong B, Zhang Z. Transcriptomics Integrated With Metabolomics Reveal the Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Antarctic Moss. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:788377. [PMID: 34956286 PMCID: PMC8692278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes are the dominant vegetation in the Antarctic continent. They have suffered more unpleasant ultraviolet radiation due to the Antarctic ozone layer destruction. However, it remains unclear about the molecular mechanism of Antarctic moss acclimation to UV-B light. Here, the transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were conducted to uncover transcriptional and metabolic profiling of the Antarctic moss Leptobryum pyriforme under UV-B radiation. Totally, 67,290 unigenes with N50 length of 2,055 bp were assembled. Of them, 1,594 unigenes were significantly up-regulated and 3353 unigenes were markedly down-regulated under UV-B radiation. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in UV-B signaling, flavonoid biosynthesis, ROS scavenging, and DNA repair. In addition, a total of 531 metabolites were detected, while flavonoids and anthocyanins accounted for 10.36% of the total compounds. There were 49 upregulated metabolites and 41 downregulated metabolites under UV-B radiation. Flavonoids were the most significantly changed metabolites. qPCR analysis showed that UVR8-COP1-HY5 signaling pathway genes and photolyase genes (i.e., LpUVR3, LpPHR1, and LpDPL) were significantly up-regulated under UV-B light. In addition, the expression levels of JA signaling pathway-related genes (i.e., OPR and JAZ) and flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were also significantly increased under UV-B radiation. The integrative data analysis showed that UVR8-mediated signaling, jasmonate signaling, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and DNA repair system might contribute to L. pyriforme acclimating to UV-B radiation. Therefore, these findings present a novel knowledge for understanding the adaption of Antarctic moss to polar environments and provide a foundation for assessing the impact of global climate change on Antarctic land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Plant response to light is a complex and diverse phenomenon. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms via which light and hormones regulate hypocotyl growth. However, the hormone-dependent ultraviolet-B (UV-B) response in plants remains obscure. Involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in UV-B-induced hypocotyl inhibition and its mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated in the present research. UV-B exposure remarkably decreased the endogenous GA3 content through the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) receptor pathway, and exogenous GA3 partially restored the hypocotyl growth. UV-B irradiation affected the expression levels of GA metabolism-related genes (GA20ox1, GA2ox1 and GA3ox1) in the hy5-215 mutant, resulting in increased GA content.ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) promoted the accumulation of DELLA proteins under UV-B radiation; HY5 appeared to regulate the abundance of DELLAs at the transcriptional level under UV-B. As a result, the GA3 content decreased, which eventually led to the shortening of the hypocotyl. To conclude, the present study provides new insight into the regulation of plant photomorphogenesis under UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Miao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Shaoshan Li Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510631, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Yan Wang College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Huang C, Zeng W, Zhang T, Zhong C, Deng S, Tang T. Epigenetic and transcriptional responses underlying mangrove adaptation to UV-B. iScience 2021; 24:103148. [PMID: 34646986 PMCID: PMC8496181 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical plants have adapted to strong solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here we compare molecular responses of two tropical mangroves Avecennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata to high-dose UV-B. Whole-genome bisulfate sequencing indicates that high UV-B induced comparable hyper- or hypo-methylation in three sequence contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH, where H refers to A, T, or C) in A. marina but mainly CHG hypomethylation in R. apiculata. RNA and small RNA sequencing reveals UV-B induced relaxation of transposable element (TE) silencing together with up-regulation of TE-adjacent genes in R. apiculata but not in A. marina. Despite conserved upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and downregulation of photosynthesis genes caused by high UV-B, A. marina specifically upregulated ABC transporter and ubiquinone biosynthesis genes that are known to be protective against UV-B-induced damage. Our results point to divergent responses underlying plant UV-B adaptation at both the epigenetic and transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weishun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou 571100, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shulin Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People’s Republic of China
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Du M, Zhang Y, Chen H, Han R. TaPCNA plays a role in programmed cell death after UV-B exposure in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Funct Plant Biol 2021; 48:1029-1038. [PMID: 34237246 DOI: 10.1071/fp21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-B is a component of sunlight and shows a significant effect on DNA damage, which can be regulated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The role of TaPCNA in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) programmed cell death (PCD) under UV-B has not been investigated previously. Here, we explored the function of TaPCNA in wheat exposed to UV-B utilising Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus-virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). The results showed that the expression of TaPCNA was downregulated, and curly wheat leaves with several spots were determined by VIGS. The growth rate and mesophyll cell length were significantly inhibited after TaPCNA was silenced. The activity of superoxide dismutase and the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased, whereas the activities of peroxidase and catalase and malondialdehyde content increased in TaPCNA-silenced and UV-B treatment groups. DNA laddering and propidium iodide staining results showed that DNA fragments and micronucleus accumulated after TaPCNA silencing with or without UV-B. Thus, TaPCNA participates in plant growth and DNA damage and PCD under UV-B. This study suggests an idea for the exploration of the function of certain genes in such complex wheat genomes and offers a theoretical basis to improve wheat agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Du
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Rong Han
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environment Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Guo H, Yu X, Liang W, Chen Y, Yin R, Lin L. Tomato SlRUP is a negative regulator of UV-B photomorphogenesis. Mol Hortic 2021; 1:8. [PMID: 37789440 PMCID: PMC10514922 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture) and Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture) and Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongye Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture) and Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture) and Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruohe Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture) and Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture) and Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
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Aloo SO, Ofosu FK, Kilonzi SM, Shabbir U, Oh DH. Edible Plant Sprouts: Health Benefits, Trends, and Opportunities for Novel Exploration. Nutrients 2021; 13:2882. [PMID: 34445042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant sprouts as part of human day-to-day diets is gradually increasing, and their health benefit is attracting interest across multiple disciplines. The purpose of this review was to (a) critically evaluate the phytochemicals in selected sprouts (alfalfa, buckwheat, broccoli, and red cabbage), (b) describe the health benefits of sprouts, (c) assess the recent advances in sprout production, (d) rigorously evaluate their safety, and (e) suggest directions that merit special consideration for further novel research on sprouts. Young shoots are characterized by high levels of health-benefitting phytochemicals. Their utility as functional ingredients have been extensively described. Tremendous advances in the production and safety of sprouts have been made over the recent past and numerous reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing their nutritional and medicinal properties. However, subjects such as application of sprouted seed flours in processed products, utilizing sprouts as leads in the synthesis of nanoparticles, and assessing the dynamics of a relationship between sprouts and gut health require special attention for future clinical exploration. Sprouting is an effective strategy allowing manipulation of phytochemicals in seeds to improve their health benefits.
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Rácz A, Hideg É. Narrow-Band 311 nm Ultraviolet-B Radiation Evokes Different Antioxidant Responses from Broad-Band Ultraviolet. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081570. [PMID: 34451615 PMCID: PMC8400681 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental narrow-band 311 nm UV-B radiation was applied in order to study the effect of this specific wavelength on tobacco as a model plant. UV-B at photon fluxes varying between 2.9 and 9.9 μmol m−2 s−1 was applied to supplement 150 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for four hours in the middle of the light period for four days. Narrow-band UV-B increased leaf flavonoid and phenolic acid contents. In leaves exposed to 311 nm radiation, superoxide dismutase activity increased, but phenolic peroxidase activity decreased, and the changes were proportional to the UV flux. Ascorbate peroxidase activities were not significantly affected. Narrow-band UV-B caused a dose-dependent linear decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, up to approximately 10% loss. A parallel decrease in non-regulated non-photochemical quenching indicates potential electron transfer to oxygen in UV-treated leaves. In addition to a flux-dependent increase in the imbalance between enzymatic H2O2 production and neutralization, this resulted in an approximately 50% increase in leaf H2O2 content under 2.9–6 μmol m−2 s−1 UV-B. Leaf H2O2 decreased to control levels under higher UV-B fluxes due to the onset of increased non-enzymatic H2O2- and superoxide-neutralizing capacities, which were not observed under lower fluxes. These antioxidant responses to 311 nm UV-B were different from our previous findings in plants exposed to broad-band UV-B. The results suggest that signaling pathways activated by 311 nm radiation are distinct from those stimulated by other wavelengths and support the heterogeneous regulation of plant UV responses.
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Rai N, Morales LO, Aphalo PJ. Perception of solar UV radiation by plants: photoreceptors and mechanisms. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1382-1396. [PMID: 33826733 PMCID: PMC8260113 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
About 95% of the ultraviolet (UV) photons reaching the Earth's surface are UV-A (315-400 nm) photons. Plant responses to UV-A radiation have been less frequently studied than those to UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation. Most previous studies on UV-A radiation have used an unrealistic balance between UV-A, UV-B, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Consequently, results from these studies are difficult to interpret from an ecological perspective, leaving an important gap in our understanding of the perception of solar UV radiation by plants. Previously, it was assumed UV-A/blue photoreceptors, cryptochromes and phototropins mediated photomorphogenic responses to UV-A radiation and "UV-B photoreceptor" UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) to UV-B radiation. However, our understanding of how UV-A radiation is perceived by plants has recently improved. Experiments using a realistic balance between UV-B, UV-A, and PAR have demonstrated that UVR8 can play a major role in the perception of both UV-B and short-wavelength UV-A (UV-Asw, 315 to ∼350 nm) radiation. These experiments also showed that UVR8 and cryptochromes jointly regulate gene expression through interactions that alter the relative sensitivity to UV-B, UV-A, and blue wavelengths. Negative feedback loops on the action of these photoreceptors can arise from gene expression, signaling crosstalk, and absorption of UV photons by phenolic metabolites. These interactions explain why exposure to blue light modulates photomorphogenic responses to UV-B and UV-Asw radiation. Future studies will need to distinguish between short and long wavelengths of UV-A radiation and to consider UVR8's role as a UV-B/UV-Asw photoreceptor in sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Author for communication: . Present address: Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Orlando Morales
- School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center-Biology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro José Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Ozgur R, Uzilday B, Yalcinkaya T, Akyol TY, Yildirim H, Turkan I. Differential responses of the scavenging systems for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) to UV-B irradiation in Arabidopsis thaliana and its high altitude perennial relative Arabis alpina. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:889-901. [PMID: 34159569 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to compare antioxidant response and lipid peroxide detoxification capacity of an arctic-alpine species Arabis alpina to its close relative model species Arabidopsis thaliana under acute short duration (3 h and 6 h) UV-B stress (4.6 and 8.2 W/m2). After 3 and 6 h exposure to UV-B, A. alpina showed lower lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation when compared to A. thaliana. Moreover, Fv/Fm value of A. thaliana dropped to 0.70, while A. alpina dropped to 0.75 indicating better protection of PSII in this species. For elucidation of the antioxidant response, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were measured. SOD induction with 6 h of UV-B was more prominent in A. alpina. Also, A. alpina had higher chloroplastic FeSOD activity when compared to A. thaliana. APX activity was also significantly induced in A. alpina, while its activity decreased at 3 h or did not change at 6 h in A. thaliana. A. alpina was able to maintain constant CAT activity, but drastic decreases were observed in A. thaliana at both time points. Moreover, A. alpina was able to maintain or induce aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), alkenal reductases (AERs) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) activity, while an opposite trend was observed in A. thaliana. These findings indicate that A. alpina was able to maintain/induce its antioxidant defence and lipid peroxide detoxification conferring better protection against UV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengin Ozgur
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Yalcinkaya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turgut Yigit Akyol
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics-Plant Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hasan Yildirim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
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Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an intrinsic fraction of sunlight that plants perceive through the UVR8 photoreceptor. UVR8 is a homodimer in its ground state that monomerizes upon UV-B photon absorption via distinct tryptophan residues. Monomeric UVR8 competitively binds to the substrate binding site of COP1, thus inhibiting its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity against target proteins, which include transcriptional regulators such as HY5. The UVR8-COP1 interaction also leads to the destabilization of PIF bHLH factor family members. Additionally, UVR8 directly interacts with and inhibits the DNA binding of a different set of transcription factors. Each of these UVR8 signaling mechanisms initiates nuclear gene expression changes leading to UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and acclimation. The two WD40-repeat proteins RUP1 and RUP2 provide negative feedback regulation and inactivate UVR8 by facilitating redimerization. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of the UVR8 pathway from UV-B perception and signal transduction to gene expression changes and physiological UV-B responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Podolec
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Demarsy
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; , ,
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Liu R, Lu J, Xing J, Du M, Wang M, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang C, Wu Y. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealing the potential mechanism of seed germination in Polygonatum cyrtonema. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12161. [PMID: 34108536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (Huangjing, HJ) has medicinal and edible value in China. However, the seeds of this plant are naturally difficult to germinate. Therefore, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the germination of this plant in order to meet the market demand, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in this study. We observed that plant hormones and α-amylase activity were differentially regulated when comparing germinated and un-germinated seeds. In addition, the metabolites related to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly up-accumulated in germinated seeds. Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and organic acids were observed to be significantly decreased during germination. The results of this study suggested that compared to un-germinated seeds, germinated seeds promote flavonoid synthesis and inhibit lignin synthesis which could be beneficial to the germination of HJ seeds. Furthermore, these results suggested that starch if hydrolyzed into glucose, which could provide the necessary energy for germination. Our results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the regulatory networks of seed germination and may facilitate the propagation of HJ seeds.
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Abstract
Decades of genetic, molecular and biochemical studies in plants have provided foundational knowledge about light sensory proteins and led to their application in synthetic biology. Optogenetic tools take advantage of the light switchable activity of plant photoreceptors to control intracellular signaling pathways. The recent discovery of the UV-B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana opens up new avenues for light-controllable methodologies. In this review, we discuss current developments in optogenetic control by UV-B light and its signaling components, as well as rational considerations in the design and applications of UV-B-based optogenetic tools.
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Fernández-Milmanda GL, Ballaré CL. Shade Avoidance: Expanding the Color and Hormone Palette. Trends Plant Sci 2021; 26:509-523. [PMID: 33461868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major strides have been made over the past decade in elucidating the mechanisms that mediate shade-avoidance responses. The canonical PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin pathway that begins with inactivation of phytochrome B (phyB) by a low red:far-red (R:FR) ratio, and that leads to increased elongation, has been thoroughly characterized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsisthaliana) seedlings. Nevertheless, studies in other life stages and plant species have demonstrated the role of other wavelengths, photoreceptors, and hormones in the orchestration of shade-avoidance responses. We highlight recent developments that illustrate how canopy light cues regulate signaling through auxin, gibberellins (GAs), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and strigolactones (SLs) to modulate key aspects of plant growth, metabolism, and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L Fernández-Milmanda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBIO), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Tokutsu R, Fujimura-Kamada K, Yamasaki T, Okajima K, Minagawa J. UV-A/B radiation rapidly activates photoprotective mechanisms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1894-1902. [PMID: 33793957 PMCID: PMC8133589 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms is essential for photoautotrophic growth, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of excess light energy prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species and maintains efficient photosynthesis under high light. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NPQ is activated as a photoprotective mechanism through wavelength-specific light signaling pathways mediated by the phototropin (blue light) and ultra-violet (UV) light photoreceptors, but the biological significance of photoprotection activation by light with different qualities remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that NPQ-dependent photoprotection is activated more rapidly by UV than by visible light. We found that induction of gene expression and protein accumulation related to photoprotection was significantly faster and greater in magnitude under UV treatment compared with that under blue- or red-light treatment. Furthermore, the action spectrum of UV-dependent induction of photoprotective factors implied that C. reinhardtii senses relatively long-wavelength UV (including UV-A/B), whereas the model dicot plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) preferentially senses relatively short-wavelength UV (mainly UV-B/C) for induction of photoprotective responses. Therefore, we hypothesize that C. reinhardtii developed a UV response distinct from that of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Author for communication:
| | - Konomi Fujimura-Kamada
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohito Yamasaki
- Science and Technology Department, Natural Science Cluster, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okajima
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigo-naka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Singh RK, Bhalerao RP, Eriksson ME. Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:657-678. [PMID: 32470114 PMCID: PMC8033248 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trees cover vast areas of the Earth's landmasses. They mitigate erosion, capture carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and support biodiversity, and also are a source of food, raw materials and energy for human populations. Understanding the growth cycles of trees is fundamental for many areas of research. Trees, like most other organisms, have evolved a circadian clock to synchronize their growth and development with the daily and seasonal cycles of the environment. These regular changes in light, daylength and temperature are perceived via a range of dedicated receptors and cause resetting of the circadian clock to local time. This allows anticipation of daily and seasonal fluctuations and enables trees to co-ordinate their metabolism and physiology to ensure vital processes occur at the optimal times. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of growth and seasonal dormancy in trees, using information drawn from model systems such as Populus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-901 82, Sweden
| | - Maria E Eriksson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
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Gao G, Liu W, Zhao X, Gao K. Ultraviolet Radiation Stimulates Activity of CO 2 Concentrating Mechanisms in a Bloom-Forming Diatom Under Reduced CO 2 Availability. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:651567. [PMID: 33796095 PMCID: PMC8008072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diatom Skeletonema costatum is cosmopolitan and forms algal blooms in coastal waters, being exposed to varying levels of solar UV radiation (UVR) and reduced levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). While reduced CO2 availability is known to enhance CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in this diatom and others, little is known on the effects of UV on microalgal CCMs, especially when CO2 levels fluctuate in coastal waters. Here, we show that S. costatum upregulated its CCMs in response to UVR (295–395 nm), especially to UVA (320–395 nm) in the presence and absence of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The intensity rise of UVA and/or UVR alone resulted in an increase of the activity of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CAe); and the addition of UVA enhanced the activity of CCMs-related CAe by 23–27% when PAR levels were low. Such UV-stimulated CCMs activity was only significant at the reduced CO2 level (3.4 μmol L−1). In addition, UVA alone drove active HCO3− uptake although it was not as obvious as CAe activity, another evidence for its role in enhancing CCMs activity. In parallel, the addition of UVA enhanced photosynthetic carbon fixation only at the lower CO2 level compared to PAR alone. In the absence of PAR, carbon fixation increased linearly with increased intensities of UVA or UVR regardless of the CO2 levels. These findings imply that during S. costatum blooming period when CO2 and PAR availability becomes lower, solar UVR (mainly UVA) helps to upregulate its CCMs and thus carbon fixation, enabling its success of frequent algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Technology and Resource Management, Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese White Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Xiong Y, Xing Q, Müller-Xing R. A novel UV-B priming system reveals an UVR8-depedent memory, which provides resistance against UV-B stress in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1879533. [PMID: 33632077 PMCID: PMC7971206 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1879533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single treatment of plants with pathogens like Pseudomonas syringae can trigger systemic acquired resistance (SAR) that lasts several days to several weeks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Similar primed resistances were described for abiotic stresses like drought and heat stress. Most studies about plant resistance to ultraviolet (UV)-radiation used low UV-B radiations over a long period. These experimental designs make it difficult to distinguish acclimation effects from real cellular memory which facilitate transcriptional and other responses to a second UV-radiation after a latent phase. Here we present a novel UV-B priming system. We demonstrate that a single UV-B treatment, which causes neither visible damage nor accumulation of pigments, can stimulate resistance against UV-B stress. After a second damaging UV-B treatment, UV-primed plants showed significantly reduced damage in comparison to non-primed plants. Furthermore, the acquirement of the induced UV-B resistance was impaired in uvr8-6 mutants suggesting that the UV-B receptor is essential for UV-B stress memory in Arabidopsis. We discuss advantages and limits of our UV-B priming system which will be a powerful tool to investigate UV-B memory in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ralf Müller-Xing
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Plant Epigenetics and Development, Institute of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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