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Chen Y, Wu X, Lai J, Liu Y, Song M, Li F, Gong Q. Molecular characterization and tissue distribution of cholecystokinin and its receptor in Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) and their response to different feeding conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 265:111129. [PMID: 34942371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) is a species endemic to Yangtze River drainage in China and is listed as a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List. In the present study, cholecystokinin (CCK), one of the most important neuroregulatory digestive genes, and its receptor (CCKr) were identified from the full-length transcriptome analysis of A. dabryanus. The deduced amino acid sequences of CCK and CCKr from A. dabryanus showed structural features common to those in other vertebrates. Gene expression profile analysis showed that CCK and CCKr were universally expressed in different tissues, and both had the highest expression in the brain. Starvation and refeeding significantly regulated the expression levels of CCK and CCKr in the brain, suggesting that CCK and CCKr were involved in feed intake regulation in A. dabryanus as in mammals. In addition, the expression levels of CCK and CCKr under different feeding frequencies were studied. Compared with the control group (fed two times a day), the expression levels of CCK and CCKr in the intestine and brain did not change significantly in the other groups after 8 weeks of rearing, indicating that the feeding frequency might not influence the appetite of A. dabryanus. The present work provides a basis for further investigation into the regulation of feeding in A. dabryanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyu Chen
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Jiansheng Lai
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Ya Liu
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Mingjiang Song
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Quan Gong
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China.
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BARRIOS CARLOSE, SANTINÓN JUANJOSÉ, DOMITROVIC HUGOA, SÁNCHEZ SEBASTIÁN, HERNÁNDEZ DAVIDR. Localization and distribution of CCK-8, NPY, Leu-ENK-, and Ghrelin- in the digestive tract of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20181165. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020181165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pereira RT, Nebo C, de Paula Naves L, Fortes-Silva R, Regina Cardoso de Oliveira I, Paulino RR, Drummond CD, Rosa PV. Distribution of goblet and endocrine cells in the intestine: A comparative study in Amazonian freshwater Tambaqui and hybrid catfish. J Morphol 2019; 281:55-67. [PMID: 31782555 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) and endocrine cells (ECs) play an important role in intestine physiology, and few studies currently exist for Amazonian fishes. This study aimed to quantify the distribution of GCs and ECs producing cholecystokinin-8 and neuropeptide Y, assessed by mucin histochemistry and peptides immunohistochemistry, in the intestine of two Amazonian species with different feeding habits Tambaqui (Colossosoma macropomum) and hybrid catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus), an omnivore and carnivore, respectively. A systematic literature review correlating feeding habit and GC and EC distribution was also included to contribute to the comparative study. The results of this study provided novel information about the gut cells of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish. Both, GCs and ECs can be found sweeping the entire intestine of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish although the cells can be more concentrated in certain segments. The GCs and ECs in Tambaqui were more uniformly distributed in the midgut segments (T1, T2, and T3). Unlike, in hybrid catfish GCs were more concentrated in the hindgut (C4) and ECs mainly in the two midgut segments (C1 and C2) of hybrid catfish. Based on the comparison between Tambaqui, hybrid catfish, and other fishes in the literature review, we suggest that cell distribution can be partially explained by feeding habits, carnivorous vs. omnivorous.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Nebo
- Institute of Studies of Humid Tropic, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Xinguara, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Paula Naves
- Department of Veterinary, University of José do Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fortes-Silva
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition and Feeding Behavior (AquaUFRB), Federal University of Bahia UFRB, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Rosa Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Vieira Rosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
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Pereira RT, de Freitas TR, de Oliveira IRC, Costa LS, Vigliano FA, Rosa PV. Endocrine cells producing peptide hormones in the intestine of Nile tilapia: distribution and effects of feeding and fasting on the cell density. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:1399-1412. [PMID: 28501979 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine cells (ECs) act as a luminal surveillance system responding to either the presence or absence of food in the gut through the secretion of peptide hormones. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of feeding and fasting on the EC peptide-specific distribution along the intestine of Nile tilapia. We assessed the density of ECs producing gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in nine segments of the intestine using immunohistochemistry. Our results show that ECs immunoreactive to CCK-8, GAS, NPY, and CGRP can be found along all the intestinal segments sampled, from the midgut to hindgut, although differences in their distribution along the gut were observed. Regarding nutrient status, we found that the anterior segments of the midgut seem to be the main site responding to luminal changes in Nile tilapia. The NPY+ and CGRP+ EC densities increased in the fasted group, while the amount of CCK-8+ ECs were higher in the fed group. No effects of fasting or feeding were found in the GAS+ EC densities. Changes in ECs density were found only at the anterior segments of the intestine which may be due to the correlation between vagus nerve anatomy, EC location, and peptide turnover. Lastly, ECs may need to be considered an active cell subpopulation that may adapt and respond to different nutrient status as stimuli. Due to the complexity of the enteroendocrine system and its importance in fish nutrition, much remains to be elucidated and it deserves closer attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tatiane Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil.
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología/Centro de Investigaciones en Piscicultura Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | | | | | - Leandro Santos Costa
- Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Andrés Vigliano
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología/Centro de Investigaciones en Piscicultura Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Priscila Vieira Rosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
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Rønnestad I, Gomes AS, Murashita K, Angotzi R, Jönsson E, Volkoff H. Appetite-Controlling Endocrine Systems in Teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:73. [PMID: 28458653 PMCID: PMC5394176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian studies have shaped our understanding of the endocrine control of appetite and body weight in vertebrates and provided the basic vertebrate model that involves central (brain) and peripheral signaling pathways as well as environmental cues. The hypothalamus has a crucial function in the control of food intake, but other parts of the brain are also involved. The description of a range of key neuropeptides and hormones as well as more details of their specific roles in appetite control continues to be in progress. Endocrine signals are based on hormones that can be divided into two groups: those that induce (orexigenic), and those that inhibit (anorexigenic) appetite and food consumption. Peripheral signals originate in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, adipose tissue, and other tissues and reach the hypothalamus through both endocrine and neuroendocrine actions. While many mammalian-like endocrine appetite-controlling networks and mechanisms have been described for some key model teleosts, mainly zebrafish and goldfish, very little knowledge exists on these systems in fishes as a group. Fishes represent over 30,000 species, and there is a large variability in their ecological niches and habitats as well as life history adaptations, transitions between life stages and feeding behaviors. In the context of food intake and appetite control, common adaptations to extended periods of starvation or periods of abundant food availability are of particular interest. This review summarizes the recent findings on endocrine appetite-controlling systems in fish, highlights their impact on growth and survival, and discusses the perspectives in this research field to shed light on the intriguing adaptations that exist in fish and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana S. Gomes
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Koji Murashita
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Research Center for Aquaculture Systems, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tamaki, Mie, Japan
| | - Rita Angotzi
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
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Lo Cascio P, Calabrò C, Bertuccio C, Paterniti I, Palombieri D, Calò M, Albergamo A, Salvo A, Gabriella Denaro M. Effects of fasting and refeeding on the digestive tract of zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed with Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a high protein feed source. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:1478-1485. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1274893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Calabrò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Clara Bertuccio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah Palombieri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Margherita Calò
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life S.r.l., An Academic Spin-Off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life S.r.l., An Academic Spin-Off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Navarro-guillén C, Rønnestad I, Jordal AO, Moyano FJ, Yúfera M. Involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the daily pattern of gastrointestinal regulation of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae reared under different feeding regimes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 203:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pereira RT, Costa LS, Oliveira IR, Araújo JC, Aerts M, Vigliano FA, Rosa PV. Relative distribution of gastrin-, CCK-8-, NPY- and CGRP-immunoreactive cells in the digestive tract of dorado (Salminus brasiliensis). Tissue Cell. 2015;47:123-131. [PMID: 25771084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine cells (ECs) of the gastrointestinal mucosa form the largest endocrine system in the body, not only in terms of cell numbers but also in terms of the different produced substances. Data describing the association between the relative distributions of the peptide-specific ECs in relation to feeding habits can be useful tools that enable the creation of a general expected pattern of EC distribution. We aimed to investigate the distribution of ECs immunoreactive for the peptides gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in different segments of the digestive tract of carnivorous fish dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) by using immunohistochemistry procedures. The distribution of endocrine cells immunoreactive for gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in digestive tract of dorado S. brasiliensis was examined by immunohistochemistry. The results describe the association between the distribution of the peptide-specific endocrine cells and feeding habits in different carnivorous fish. The largest number of endocrine cells immunoreactive for GAS, CCK-8, and CGRP were found in the pyloric stomach region and the pyloric caeca. However, NPY-immunoreactive endocrine cells were markedly restricted to the midgut. The distribution pattern of endocrine cells identified in S. brasiliensis is similar to that found in other carnivorous fishes.
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Tillner R, Rønnestad I, Harboe T, Ueberschär B. Evidence for a regulatory loop between cholecystokinin (CCK) and tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 166:490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hur SW, Lee CH, Lee SH, Kim BH, Kim HB, Baek HJ, Lee YD. Characterization of cholecystokinin-producing cells and mucus-secreting goblet cells in the blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus. Tissue Cell 2012; 45:153-7. [PMID: 23274134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics and distributions of cholecystokinin (CCK)-producing cells and mucus-secreting goblet cells were investigated in the digestive tract of the blacktip grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus). CCK-producing cells were scattered throughout the digestive tract. The highest frequency of CCK-producing cells was observed in the anterior intestine portion and pyloric ceca, with a very small number of cells distributed as far as the rectum. Mucus-secreting goblet cells were found to differ remarkably in their regional distributions and relative frequencies. High frequencies of mucus-secreting goblet cells were found in the digestive tract, mainly in the anterior intestine portion and pyloric ceca, but not the esophagus; the frequency decreased slightly toward the rectum. Our result suggests that food digested by gastric acid in the stomach moves on the anterior (including the pyloric ceca) and mid intestine portion, thereby ensuring effective stimulation of the CCK-producing cells. In addition, the distribution pattern of the CCK-producing cells closely resembled that of mucus-secreting goblet cells. In E. fasciatus, CCK-producing cells and mucus-secreting goblet cells seem to be well adapted to promoting optimal control of the digestive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Hur
- Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 695-965, South Korea
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Feng K, Zhang GR, Wei KJ, Xiong BX, Liang T, Ping HC. Molecular characterization of cholecystokinin in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): cloning, localization, developmental profile, and effect of fasting and refeeding on expression in the brain and intestine. Fish Physiol Biochem 2012; 38:1825-1834. [PMID: 22752267 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a multi-functional brain-gut peptide in fish and mammals. To investigate the role of CCK in appetite regulation in fish, a 770-bp full-length cDNA sequence of CCK gene was obtained by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Homology analysis showed that the CCK cDNA sequence of grass carp had the highest similarity (90 %) to that of goldfish Carassius auratus and a higher similarity (>70 %) to those of other teleosts than to mammals. The PCR amplification using genomic DNA identified that the CCK gene of grass carp was comprised of three exons and two introns. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect CCK mRNA expression in adult tissues. High levels of gene expression were found in the hypothalamus and pituitary; moderate levels in the intestine, muscle and white adipose tissue; and low levels in other tissues. During early development (i.e., fertilized eggs to 35-day post-hatching larvae) the levels of CCK mRNA expression were higher during embryonic developmental stages than during post-hatch larval stages. Fasting decreased CCK mRNA expression levels in the brain and intestine, whereas refeeding resulted in an increase of expression. The results suggest that CCK mRNA expression has obvious tissue specificity and may have a role in feed intake regulation in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Feng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Rong Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Jian Wei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bang-Xi Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Chao Ping
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Kamisaka Y, Helvik JV, Tagawa M, Tanaka M, Rønnestad I. Evidence for an ontogenetic change from pre-programmed to meal-responsive cck production in Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 164:17-20. [PMID: 23063626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of up to three days of food deprivation on the cholecystokinin (CCK)-producing cells in the Atlantic herring gut were assessed by quantifying the number of cells detected by in situ hybridization at three ontogenetic stages. In feeding larvae that still possessed yolk-sacs (2 and 8days after hatch, DAH), intestinal cck expression appeared to be maintained regardless of external nutritional conditions. In 30 DAH-old herring larvae with well-established exogenous feeding only, very few CCK-producing cells could be identified, indicating that cck production in the gut had shut down after three days of starvation. This suggests that cck transcription is pre-programmed by a local timer in the midgut during the yolk-sac stage, regardless of the nutritional status and presence of nutrients in the gut lumen; however, it becomes strongly influenced by the external nutritional conditions after the yolk has been completely absorbed. Our results suggest that CCK-producing cells in the gut develop "meal-responsiveness" later in post-hatch development.
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Hoskins LJ, Volkoff H. The comparative endocrinology of feeding in fish: insights and challenges. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:327-35. [PMID: 22226758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studying the endocrine regulation of food intake in fish can be challenging due to the diversity in appetite-regulating hormones and the diversity within the fish group itself. Studies show that although the structure of the hormones is relatively conserved among vertebrates, their functions might vary between fish and mammals as well as among fish species. In addition, feeding behavior and the action of appetite regulators can be largely modulated by the feeding and reproductive status of the fish as well as the environment in which they evolve. This review gives a brief perspective of the endocrine regulation of feeding in fish, some of the methods used, and challenges encountered when using a comparative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Hoskins
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
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Rojas-García CR, Morais S, Rønnestad I. Cholecystokinin (CCK) in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) — Ontogeny and effects of feeding and diurnal rhythms. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:455-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Micale V, Levanti MB, Germanà A, Guerrera MC, Kurokawa T, Muglia U. Ontogeny and distribution of cholecystokinin-immuno reactive cells in the digestive tract of sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777), during larval development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 169:23-7. [PMID: 20619264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The appearance and regional distribution of cholecystokinin-immuno reactive cells (CCK-IR) in the developing gut of larval Diplodus puntazzo were studied by means of immunohistochemistry, with the aim of understanding the role of this peptide hormone in the acquisition of digestive capacity. Immunohistochemical reaction showed CCK-IR cells from 10 days after hatching (DAH), near the pyloric sphincter and past the first bend in the midgut, as well as in the hindgut. At 25 DAH CCK-IR cells were scattered throughout the midgut, as well as in the hindgut. Since gastric glands appeared at 30 DAH, CCK-IR cells were most abundant in the anterior midgut, near and including the pyloric caeca, and just afore the ileo-rectal sphincter in the posterior midgut, as well as in the hindgut. In older larvae (39 DAH), CCK-IR cells were mainly distributed in the anterior midgut, including the pyloric caeca, as well as in the hindgut. No CCK-IR cells were detected in the foregut at any stage. The distribution pattern of CCK-IR cells differed from other species which also possess a rotated gut as D. puntazzo. In fact, although cells were abundant in regions where the ingested food is retained, so that they can be stimulated to modulating the release of digestive enzymes, a large number of cells occurred also in the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Micale
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine Coastal Environment CNR-IAMC, Messina, Italy.
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Webb KA, Khan IA, Nunez BS, Rønnestad I, Holt GJ. Cholecystokinin: molecular cloning and immunohistochemical localization in the gastrointestinal tract of larval red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (L.). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 166:152-9. [PMID: 19896946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to clarify the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestion of larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in order to better characterize the processes limiting the utilization of microparticulate diets at first feeding. The red drum CCK cDNA, isolated from adult anterior intestine and pyloric caeca, contains a 414 base pair (bp) open reading frame encoding a deduced amino acid sequence of 138 residues which is highly similar to preprocholecystokinin from other vertebrates. The mature CCK octapeptide has the same amino acid sequence as that found in mammals and in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Tissue distribution analysis of adult and juvenile red drum using primers specific for red drum CCK mRNA revealed bright bands in samples from the brain, pyloric caeca, anterior intestine, and gonad with fainter bands seen in all other tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of larval red drum showed that CCK-immunoreactive (CCK-IR) cells were present as early as 3 days post hatch (DPH) in some fish and were present in all fish by 6 DPH. CCK-IR cells were found in the anterior midgut in early larvae and had spread to the first bend of the gut by day 6. In older larvae (18+ DPH), CCK-IR cells were found in large numbers in the anterior intestine and in the developing pyloric caeca. The sequence and distribution of CCK mRNA along with the presence of CCK-IR cells in early red drum larvae suggest that CCK is present and may be capable of regulating pancreatic secretion in early red drum larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Webb
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
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Hartviksen MB, Kamisaka Y, Jordal AEO, Koedijk RM, Rønnestad I. Distribution of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells in the gut of developing Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. larvae fed zooplankton or rotifers. J Fish Biol 2009; 75:834-844. [PMID: 20738582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the main gastrointestinal hormones, cholecystokinin (CCK), was studied in order to advance understanding of the control of the digestive process in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae after onset of first feeding. Larvae were fed either natural zooplankton or enriched rotifers in similar rearing systems and sampled from hatching to 22 days post-hatch (dph). CCK was visualized by immunohistochemistry and the first CCK-immunoreactive (IR) cells were detected at 8 dph corresponding to 6 days after first feeding. The CCK-IR cells were mostly found in the anterior midgut, and the number of CCK-IR cells was lower in the posterior midgut. They were also present in the hindgut of some of the larvae, but not in the foregut. No clear differences were found in the ontogenetic appearance and the distribution pattern of CCK-IR cells between the two dietary treatments. This indicates that the onset of CCK production in the gut as well as the spatial distribution of the CCK-IR cells is not differentially affected by these diets. To what extent the hormone production itself is influenced by dietary factors needs to be studied by more sensitive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Hartviksen
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PB 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Murashita K, Kurokawa T, Nilsen TO, Rønnestad I. Ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and peptide YY in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): molecular cloning and tissue expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 160:223-35. [PMID: 19073185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormones, ghrelin (GHRL), cholecystokinin (CCK), and peptide YY (PYY) genes were identified in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Full-length cDNAs encoding two isoforms of GHRL (GHRL-1 and GHRL-2), two isoforms of CCK (CCK-L and CCK-N) and peptide YY (PYY) cDNA were obtained. The GHRL-1 and GHRL-2 genes encoded proteins of 111- and 108-amino acids, respectively. Both types of GHRL were mainly expressed in the stomach, but also weakly expressed in the pyloric caeca, mid-gut, adipose tissue, and testis. The CCK-L and CCK-N genes encoded preproproteins of 132- and 140-amino acids, respectively. Both types of CCK were strongly expressed in the brain and comparatively weakly expressed in other tissues, including the digestive tract. In the digestive tract, CCK-L was mainly expressed in the pyloric caeca and hind-gut, while CCK-N was only expressed in the pyloric caeca. The PYY gene encoded for 97-amino acid residues and was mainly expressed in the brain and anterior part of the intestine, including the pyloric caeca. In an experiment, we demonstrated that 6 days starvation led to, increased GHRL-1 mRNA levels in the GI tract (stomach), while there no significant changes in expression levels for the other hormones in the GI tract. This suggests an orexigenic role for GHRL-1 in Atlantic salmon. These data contribute to elucidate the functional relationships among teleost gastrointestinal peptide hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
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Murashita K, Fukada H, Rønnestad I, Kurokawa T, Masumoto T. Nutrient control of release of pancreatic enzymes in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): Involvement of CCK and PY in the regulatory loop. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 150:438-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kofuji PYM, Murashita K, Hosokawa H, Masumoto T. Effects of exogenous cholecystokinin and gastrin on the secretion of trypsin and chymotrypsin from yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) isolated pyloric caeca. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 146:124-30. [PMID: 17126578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The humoral control of secretion of the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin was studied in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). In vitro trials were performed to investigate the effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and two commercially available gastrin peptides. Isolated preparations of pyloric caeca/pancreas release trypsin and chymotrypsin when incubated with cholecystokinin (CCK) at 10 microM and gastrin I (G1) at 50 microM after 15 min of incubation. On the other hand, G1 at 10 microM and gastrin-related peptide (G2) did not enhance trypsin and chymotrypsin secretion. The studies concerning the CCK effects at different incubation temperatures have shown that trypsin and chymotrypsin secretion at 25 degrees C was stimulated by CCK after 15 min, while at 10, 15 and 20 degrees C the stimulatory effects of CCK were observed only after 30 min of incubation. The CCK effects were increased at higher incubation temperatures and longer incubation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Y M Kofuji
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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Murashita K, Fukada H, Hosokawa H, Masumoto T. Changes in cholecystokinin and peptide Y gene expression with feeding in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): relation to pancreatic exocrine regulation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 146:318-25. [PMID: 17208482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In fish, the regulation of digestive enzyme secretion by hormonal control such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-related peptide is not well understood. To investigate the roles of fish CCK and peptide Y (PY) in digestive enzyme secretion, mRNA levels of CCK and PY, pyloric caeca enzyme activities and mRNA levels of pancreatic digestive enzymes (lipase, trypsin and amylase) were measured at pre- and post-prandial stages in yellowtail. Pyloric caeca were sampled at 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after feeding. The mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase increased after feeding, suggesting that transcription was induced by feed ingestion. Digestive enzyme activities decreased in exocrine pancreas after feeding, suggesting the stored enzyme was secreted from pancreas post-prandially. mRNA levels for CCK displayed a time-dependent increase, peaking between 1.5 and 3 h after-feeding followed by a rapid decrease 3 to 6 h after feeding. The mRNA expression pattern of PY was inverse to the pattern of CCK, decreasing until 1.5 h after feeding and then rising to initial levels by 12 h after feeding. These results suggest that CCK and PY work antagonistically in the exocrine pancreas of yellowtail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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Murashita K, Fukada H, Hosokawa H, Masumoto T. Cholecystokinin and peptide Y in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): molecular cloning, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and response to feeding and fasting. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2006; 145:287-97. [PMID: 16242687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Revised: 08/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In fish, the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide Y (PY) may be involved in pancreatic exocrine secretion, as found with mammalian CCK and peptide YY (PYY); CCK stimulates, whereas PYY inhibits, pancreatic exocrine secretion in mammals. However, there is very little information on these hormones in fish; in particular, the function of PY is still unknown. Therefore, as a first step for understanding the role of CCK and PY in regulating pancreatic exocrine in fish, the cDNAs of CCK and PY were cloned from the digestive tract of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). The peptide sequence of yellowtail CCK-8, DYLGWMDF, is identical to sequences found in several teleosts. The mature form of yellowtail PY consists of 36 amino acids and has high identity to other fish PYs (88.9-97.2%). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays were developed to measure yellowtail CCK and PY mRNA levels. CCK mRNA levels were extremely high in the brain and, among the digestive organs, high concentrations were found in the pyloric caeca and anterior intestine. PY mRNA levels were low in the brain and highest in the anterior intestine. In fasting experiments, mRNA levels of CCK and PY in the anterior intestine showed an antagonistic change after fasting; CCK decreased whereas PY increased. These data suggest that CCK and PY in yellowtail may relate to digestion including, enzyme secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murashita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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