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Gao X, Xin D, Zhao Y, Li J, Cao Y, Zhang S, Guo J. Potential molecular mechanism of photosynthesis regulation by PeMPK7 in poplar under para-hydroxybenzoic acid stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 276:116329. [PMID: 38626604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Due to continuous plantation of poplar, its growth and biomass accumulation may be negatively affected by the accumulation of allelochemicals such as para-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) in soil. As photosynthesis is the most fundamental process in plants, it can be negatively impacted by pHBA stress. Therefore, it is crucial to improve photosynthetic capacity under pHBA stress to facilitate poplar plant growth. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway is widely involved in environmental stress responses in plants. However, the regulation mechanisms of photosynthesis-related pathways by MAPK pathway genes under pHBA stress are still unclear. In this study, through transcriptome analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we observed that PeMPK7 overexpression in poplar can regulate the expression of photosynthesis-related genes and transcription factor genes, namely, WRKY1, WRKY33, and ERF3, during the early stage of pHBA stress. In addition, PeMPK7 can improve photosynthesis in poplar under long-term pHBA stress. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays confirmed the interaction between PeMPK7 and PeMKK7/10. Based on these results, a schematic diagram of the pathways involved in the regulation of photosynthesis by PeMPK7 was constructed. This study provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of regulation of pHBA stress via MAPK cascade pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Di Xin
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Junru Li
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yangfan Cao
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shuyong Zhang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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2
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Sun Y, Xia Z, Tong Y, Li S, Zhang J, He P. Mixed acid treatment for removal of green macroalgae from Neopyropia aquaculture nets: Field experiment in the Subei Shoal, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 202:116373. [PMID: 38636343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
To develop an effective method to eliminate green macroalgae attached to Neopyropia aquaculture nets, we explored the influence of mixed acid solution on the photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Ulva spp. (green macroalgae) and Neopyropia yezoensis (red macroalgae) from Dafeng and Rudong aquaculture areas in Jiangsu Province, China. Treatment with mixed acid solution (0.0475 % hydrochloric acid:citric acid (pH 2.0) at a ratio of 4:3) for 60 s caused death of Ulva spp., but did not affect N. yezoensis. Additionally, a mixed acid solution effectively eliminated green macroalgae from Neopyropia aquaculture rafts and the marine environment remained unaffected. Hence, the application of mixed acid solution treatment has demonstrated significant efficacy in eradicating green macroalgae adhered to Neopyropia aquaculture rafts, thus presenting a promising strategy for mitigating green macroalgae proliferation in Neopyropia aquaculture areas and curbing their contribution to green tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yichao Tong
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Zhu J, Cai Y, Li X, Yang L, Zhang Y. High-nitrogen fertilizer alleviated adverse effects of drought stress on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Hosta 'Guacamole'. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:299. [PMID: 38632552 PMCID: PMC11025241 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several plants are facing drought stress due to climate change in recent years. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of varying watering frequency on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Hosta 'Guacamole'. Moreover, we investigated the effect of high-nitrogen and -potassium fertilizers on alleviating the impacts of drought stress on the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, fast chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, JIP-test parameters, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging system for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this species. RESULTS Leaf senescence, decreased chlorophyll contents, limited leaf area, and reduced photosynthetic characteristics and oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) activity were observed in Hosta 'Guacamole' under drought stress. However, high-nitrogen fertilizer (30-10-10) could efficiently alleviate and prevent the adverse effects of drought stress. High-nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased chlorophyll contents, which was higher by 106% than drought stress. Additionally, high-nitrogen fertilizer significantly improved net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, which were higher by 467% and 2900% than those under drought stress. It attributes that high-nitrogen fertilizer could reduce transpiration rate of leaf cells and stomatal opening size in drought stress. On the other hand, high-nitrogen fertilizer enhanced actual photochemical efficiency of PS II and photochemical quenching coefficient, and actual photochemical efficiency of PS II significantly higher by 177% than that under drought stress. Furthermore, high-nitrogen fertilizer significantly activated OEC and ascorbate peroxidase activities, and enhanced the performance of photosystem II and photosynthetic capacity compared with high-potassium fertilizers (15-10-30). CONCLUSIONS High-nitrogen fertilizer (30-10-10) could efficiently alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress in Hosta 'Guacamole' via enhancing OEC activity and photosynthetic performance and stimulating enzymatic ROS scavenging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhu
- Forest and fruit tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Youming Cai
- Forest and fruit tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Xin Li
- Forest and fruit tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- Forest and fruit tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Forest and fruit tree Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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Yang Q, Guo Y, Wang H, Luo Z, Chen Y, Jiang M, Lu H, Valverde BE, Qiang S, Strasser RJ, Chen S. Action of the fungal compound citrinin, a bioherbicide candidate, on photosystem II. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:133-148. [PMID: 37103431 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioherbicides are becoming more attractive as safe weed control tools towards sustainable agriculture. Natural products constitute an important source chemicals and chemical leads for discovery and development of novel pesticide target sites. Citrinin is a bioactive compound produced by fungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. However, its physiological-biochemical mechanism as a phytotoxin remains unclear. RESULTS Citrinin causes visible leaf lesions on Ageratina adenophora similar to those produced by the commercial herbicide bromoxynil. Phytotoxicity bioassay tests using 24 plant species confirmed that citrinin has a broad activity spectrum and therefore has potential as a bioherbicide. Based on chlorophyll fluorescence studies, citrinin mainly blocks PSII electron flow beyond plastoquinone QA at the acceptor side, resulting in the inactivation of PSII reaction centers. Furthermore, molecular modeling of citrinin docking to the A. adenophora D1 protein suggests that it binds to the plastoquinone QB site by a hydrogen bond between the O1 hydroxy oxygen atom of citrinin and the histidine 215 of the D1 protein, the same way as classical phenolic PSII herbicides do. Finally, 32 new citrinin derivatives were designed and sorted according to free energies on the basis of the molecular model of an interaction between the citrinin molecule and the D1 protein. Five of the modeled compounds had much higher ligand binding affinity within the D1 protein compared with lead compound citrinin. CONCLUSION Citrinin is a novel natural PSII inhibitor that has the potential to be developed into a bioherbicide or utilized as a lead compound for discovery of new derivatives with high herbicidal potency. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjing Guo
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Wang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Lu
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bernal E Valverde
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Research and Development in Tropical Agriculture, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Reto Jörg Strasser
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Bhatt U, Sharma S, Kalaji HM, Strasser RJ, Chomontowski C, Soni V. Sunlight-induced repair of photosystem II in moss Semibarbula orientalis under submergence stress. Funct Plant Biol 2023; 50:777-791. [PMID: 37696295 DOI: 10.1071/fp23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Lower plants such as bryophytes often encounter submergence stress, even in low precipitation conditions. Our study aimed to understand the mechanism of submergence tolerance to withstand this frequent stress in moss (Semibarbula orientalis ) during the day and at night. These findings emphasise that light plays a crucial role in photoreactivation of PSII in S. orientalis , which indicates that light not only fuels photosynthesis but also aids in repairing the photosynthetic machinery in plants. Submergence negatively affects photosynthesis parameters such as specific and phenomenological fluxes, density of functional PSII reaction centres (RC/CS), photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (Kp and Kn), quantum yields (ϕP0 , ϕE0 , ϕD0 ), primary and secondary photochemistry, performance indices (PIcs and PIabs), etc. Excessive antenna size caused photoinhibition at the PSII acceptor side, reducing the plastoquinone pool through the formation of PSII triplets and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS-induced protein and PSII damage triggered the initiation of the repair cycle in presence of sunlight, eventually leading to the resumption of PSII activity. However, ROS production was regulated by antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. The rapid recovery of RS/CS observed specifically under sunlight conditions emphasises the vital role of light in enabling the assembly of essential units, such as the D1 protein of PSII, during stress in S. orientalis . Overall, light is instrumental in restoring the photosynthetic potential in S. orientalis growing under submergence stress. Additionally, it was observed that plants subjected to submergence stress during daylight hours rapidly recover their photosynthetic performance. However, submergence stress during the night requires a comparatively longer period for the restoration of photosynthesis in the moss S. orientalis .
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Bhatt
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Shubhangani Sharma
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Aleja Hrabska 3, Raszyn 05-090, Poland; and Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Reto J Strasser
- Plant Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, Jussy 1254, Switzerland
| | - Chrystian Chomontowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vineet Soni
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
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Yedra VÁ, Otero P, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM, Hussain MI. Testing the role of allelochemicals in different wheat cultivars to sustainably manage weeds. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:2625-2638. [PMID: 36890109 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selecting wheat varieties with allelopathic potential or high competitiveness against weeds is a sustainable solution for organic farming to eliminate the use of synthetic herbicides. Wheat is one of the most economically important crops. This study focuses on screening the allelopathic or competitive potential of four wheat cultivars, Maurizio, NS 40S, Adesso and Element, on two weeds of interest due to acquired herbicide resistance, Portulaca oleracea and Lolium rigidum, through germination and growth bioassays and the identification and quantification of benzoxazinoids (BXZs) and polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids). RESULTS The different cultivars showed different abilities to manage surrounding weeds and different capacity to exude or accumulate specialized metabolites in the presence of those weeds. Furthermore, each cultivar behaved differently depending on the weed present in the medium. The most efficient cultivar to control the tested monocot and dicot weeds was Maurizio, as it effectively controlled germination and growth of L. rigidum and P. oleracea while exuding large amounts of benzoxazinones through the roots, especially the hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxaxin-3(4H)-one. By contrast, NS 40S, Adesso and Element showed the potential to control the growth of just one of the two weeds through allelopathy or competition. CONCLUSION This study reveals that Maurizio is the most promising wheat cultivar for sustainable weed control, and that the screening of crop varieties with allelopathic potential, which results in the displacement of synthetic herbicides, is an immediate solution in ecological and sustainable agriculture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vieites-Álvarez Yedra
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel J Reigosa
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
| | - Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Iftikhar Hussain
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
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Pontes MS, Santos JS, da Silva JL, Miguel TBAR, Miguel EC, Souza Filho AG, Garcia F, Lima SM, da Cunha Andrade LH, Arruda GJ, Grillo R, Caires ARL, Felipe Santiago E. Assessing the Fate of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Carrying Usnic Acid as Chemical Cargo on the Soil Microbial Community. ACS Nano 2023; 17:7417-7430. [PMID: 36877273 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we evaluate the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) carrying usnic acid (UA) as chemical cargo on the soil microbial community in a dystrophic red latosol (oxysol). Herein, 500 ppm UA or SPIONs-framework carrying UA were diluted in sterile ultrapure deionized water and applied by hand sprayer on the top of the soil. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber at 25 °C, with a relative humidity of 80% and a 16 h/8 h light-dark cycle (600 lx light intensity) for 30 days. Sterile ultrapure deionized water was used as the negative control; uncapped and oleic acid (OA) capped SPIONs were also tested to assess their potential effects. Magnetic nanostructures were synthesized by a coprecipitation method and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, magnetic measurements, and release kinetics of chemical cargo. Uncapped and OA-capped SPIONs did not significantly affect soil microbial community. Our results showed an impairment in the soil microbial community exposed to free UA, leading to a general decrease in negative effects on soil-based parameters when bioactive was loaded into the nanoscale magnetic carrier. Besides, compared to control, the free UA caused a significant decrease in microbial biomass C (39%), on the activity of acid protease (59%), and acid phosphatase (23%) enzymes, respectively. Free UA also reduced eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene abundance, suggesting a major impact on fungi. Our findings indicate that SPIONs as bioherbicide nanocarriers can reduce the negative impacts on soil. Therefore, nanoenabled biocides may improve agricultural productivity, which is important for food security due to the need of increasing food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montcharles S Pontes
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Silva Santos
- Genetics Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz da Silva
- Department of Analytical, Physico-Chemical and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Thaiz B A R Miguel
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering (DEAL), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Emilio Castro Miguel
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Souza Filho
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, 60440-554, Brazil
| | - Flavio Garcia
- Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Sandro Marcio Lima
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Luís Humberto da Cunha Andrade
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Gilberto J Arruda
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Renato Grillo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson R L Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Etenaldo Felipe Santiago
- Natural Resources Program, Center for Natural Resources Study (CERNA), Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil
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Berestetskiy A. Modern Approaches for the Development of New Herbicides Based on Natural Compounds. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:234. [PMID: 36678947 PMCID: PMC9864389 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Weeds are a permanent component of anthropogenic ecosystems. They require strict control to avoid the accumulation of their long-lasting seeds in the soil. With high crop infestation, many elements of crop production technologies (fertilization, productive varieties, growth stimulators, etc.) turn out to be practically meaningless due to high yield losses. Intensive use of chemical herbicides (CHs) has led to undesirable consequences: contamination of soil and wastewater, accumulation of their residues in the crop, and the emergence of CH-resistant populations of weeds. In this regard, the development of environmentally friendly CHs with new mechanisms of action is relevant. The natural phytotoxins of plant or microbial origin may be explored directly in herbicidal formulations (biorational CHs) or indirectly as scaffolds for nature-derived CHs. This review considers (1) the main current trends in the development of CHs that may be important for the enhancement of biorational herbicides; (2) the advances in the development and practical application of natural compounds for weed control; (3) the use of phytotoxins as prototypes of synthetic herbicides. Some modern approaches, such as computational methods of virtual screening and design of herbicidal molecules, development of modern formulations, and determination of molecular targets, are stressed as crucial to make the exploration of natural compounds more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Berestetskiy
- Laboratory of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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9
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Wei Y, Chen H, Wang L, Zhao Q, Wang D, Zhang T. Cold acclimation alleviates cold stress-induced PSII inhibition and oxidative damage in tobacco leaves. Plant Signal Behav 2022; 17:2013638. [PMID: 34964430 PMCID: PMC8920150 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2013638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how cold acclimation (CA) modulates cold stress in tobacco leaves and reveal the relationship between CA and cold stress resistance, and the mechanism of CA-induced plant resistance to cold stress. This study examined the effects of CA treatment (at 8-10℃ for 2 d) on the cold tolerance of tobacco leaves under 4°C cold stress treatment using seedlings without CA treatment as the control (NA). In both CA and NA leaves, cold stress treatment resulted in a decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), increase in relative variable fluorescence (VJ) at 2 ms on the standardized OJIP curve, inhibition of PSII activity, and impairment of electron transfer on the acceptor side. Besides increasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage rate, the cold stress exacerbated the degree of membrane peroxidation. The CA treatment also induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O2·-) and H2O2, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX). The CA treatment also enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP), cyclic electron flow (CEF), and the proportion of regulatory energy dissipation Y(NPQ). Moreover, CA+ cold stress treatment significantly reduced CEF and Y(NPQ) in tobacco leaves than under NA+ cold stress treatment, thus significantly alleviating the degree of PSII photoinhibition. In conclusion, CA treatment significantly alleviated PSII photoinhibition and oxidative damage in tobacco leaves under cold stress treatment. Improvement in cold resistance of tobacco leaves is associated with the induction of antioxidant enzyme activity, accumulation of osmoregulation substances, and initiation of photoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wei
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongzhi Chen
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tongen Zhang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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10
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Jing X, Su W, Fan S, Luo H, Chu H. Ecological strategy of Phyllostachys heteroclada oliver in the riparian zone based on ecological stoichiometry. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:974124. [PMID: 36388549 PMCID: PMC9659970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The abnormality of seasonal water level fluctuation in the riparian zone causes various ecological and environmental problems, such as vegetation degradation, biodiversity reduction, soil erosion, and landscape transformation, thereby critically modifying the ecosystem structure and functions. This necessitates the development of a dominant vegetation zone with competitive potential. In this study, we investigated the content and distribution pattern of nutrient elements in each organ of the dominant bamboo species, Phyllostachys heteroclada, in the riparian zone. We also analyzed the morphological characteristics, root aeration tissue structure, root oxygen exchange capacity, ATP supply situation, and leaf PSII photosynthetic mechanism of two bamboo species (P. heteroclada and P. nigra) in the riparian zone. Compared with P. nigra, the roots of P. heteroclada formed well-developed oxygen storage and transport structure, i.e., aeration tissue, and exhibited root oxygen secretion in the waterlogging environment of the riparian zone, whereas the roots maintained a high ATP content through energy metabolism, thus benefiting mineral absorption and transport. Moreover, the accumulation of N, P, Ca, Mg, and Fe in the leaves of P. heteroclada was greater under waterlogging conditions than under non-waterlogging conditions, which is the basis for the efficient operation of the photosynthetic mechanism of the leaves. Compared with waterlogged P. nigra, the PSII electron acceptor QA of P. heteroclada leaves had a vigorous reducing ability and showed higher efficiency of light uptake energy as well as higher quantum yield indexes ϕ(Eo) and ϕ(Po). This study demonstrates that the ecological adaptive regulation strategies of P. heteroclada in the riparian zone are intrinsic driving factors affecting their stoichiometric characteristics, including changes in the absorption and transport of minerals caused by root aeration structure and energy metabolism. Moreover, carbon production and allocation may be caused by the stable photosynthetic mechanism and source-sink relationship of leaves. Through the synergistic regulation of different organs realizing their roles and functions, P. heteroclada developed ecological stoichiometry characteristics adapted to the riparian zone.
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11
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Jiang M, Yang Q, Wang H, Luo Z, Guo Y, Shi J, Wang X, Qiang S, Strasser RJ, Chen S. Effect of Mycotoxin Cytochalasin A on Photosystem II in Ageratina adenophora. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11202797. [PMID: 36297819 PMCID: PMC9609670 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological herbicides have received much attention due to their abundant resources, low development cost, unique targets and environmental friendliness. This study reveals some interesting effects of mycotoxin cytochalasin A (CA) on photosystem II (PSII). Our results suggested that CA causes leaf lesions on Ageratina adenophora due to its multiple effects on PSII. At a half-inhibitory concentration of 58.5 μΜ (I50, 58.5 μΜ), the rate of O2 evolution of PSII was significantly inhibited by CA. This indicates that CA possesses excellent phytotoxicity and exhibits potential herbicidal activity. Based on the increase in the J-step of the chlorophyll fluorescence rise OJIP curve and the analysis of some JIP-test parameters, similar to the classical herbicide diuron, CA interrupted PSII electron transfer beyond QA at the acceptor side, leading to damage to the PSII antenna structure and inactivation of reaction centers. Molecular docking model of CA and D1 protein of A. adenophora further suggests that CA directly targets the QB site of D1 protein. The potential hydrogen bonds are formed between CA and residues D1-His215, D1-Ala263 and D1-Ser264, respectively. The binding of CA to residue D1-Ala263 is novel. Thus, CA is a new natural PSII inhibitor. These results clarify the mode of action of CA in photosynthesis, providing valuable information and potential implications for the design of novel bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Jiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Wang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjing Guo
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiale Shi
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Reto Jörg Strasser
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH-1254 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Yang H, Fu L, Zhou D. Trace phenolic acids simultaneously enhance degradation of chlorophenol and biofuel production by Chlorella regularis. Water Res 2022; 218:118524. [PMID: 35526356 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coupling the cultivation of microalgae with wastewater treatment is a promising technology to recover bioresources from wastewater. However, toxic pollutants in wastewater seriously inhibit the growth of microalgae and the removal of pollutants. Phenolic acids are similar to phytohormones, could potentially relieve the toxicity to microalgae and simultaneously promote pollutant degradation and lipid accumulation. Chlorella and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) were utilized to simulate the toxic wastewater treatment, and the roles of two typical phenolic acids, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) and caffeic acid (CA), were explored. The 0.2 μM concentration of p-HBA or CA improved the specific growth rate by 7.6% by enhancing photosynthesis and DNA replication. The oxidative damage caused by 4-CP was reduced by 30.3-49.7% via the synthesis of more antioxidant enzymes and the direct scavenging of free radicals by phenolic acids. Furthermore, the 4-CP removal rate increased by 27.0%, and toxic 4-CP was degraded into non-toxic compounds. The phenolic acids did not change the 4-CP degradation pathway but accelerated its removal and detoxification by enhancing the expression of 4-CP degradation enzymes. Simultaneously, lipid production increased by 20.5-23.1% due to the upregulation of enzymes related to fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. Trace phenolic acids stimulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade and the calcium signaling pathway to regulate the physiology of the microalgae and protect cells from toxic stress. This study provides a promising new strategy for toxic wastewater treatment and bioresource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhao
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Huiwen Yang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Fu
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China.
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13
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Wang Q, Xie D, Peng L, Chen C, Li C, Que X. Phytotoxicity of atrazine combined with cadmium on photosynthetic apparatus of the emergent plant species Iris pseudacorus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:34798-34812. [PMID: 35040052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combined pollution, instead of single pollution, has become a widespread contamination phenomenon in aquatic environment. However, little information is now available about the joint effects of the combined pollution, especially co-existed pesticides and heavy metals, on aquatic plants. In the present study, using continuous excitation chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the OJIP transient, comparisons of herbicide atrazine (ATZ) phytotoxicity on Iris pseudacorus between in the presence and absence of cadmium (Cd) were evaluated over an exposure period of three weeks under laboratory conditions. Results showed that both ATZ and Cd were toxic to I. pseudacorus. The ratio Fv/Fo, specific electron transport energy (ET0/RC), and photochemistry efficiency (PIabs and PItotal) of this emergent plant species at individual ATZ and Cd concentrations were significantly lower than those of the control. ATZ mainly inhibited electron transport beyond QA at PSII acceptor side as indicated by the sharp rise of the J-step level of fluorescence rise kinetics. A pronounced K-step and the loss of I-step due to the damage on the OEC and PSI also occurred when ATZ was at or above 1.0 mg·L-1. In comparison to ATZ alone, ATZ combined with Cd resulted in a lower amplitude rise in J-step with apparent J-I and I-P phases; and significantly lower Fo with higher Fv/Fo, as well as greater ET0/RC with higher values of PIabs and PItotal. However, the adverse influences of ATZ combined with Cd on the above indicators were still significant as compared with the control. Therefore, the coexistence of Cd alleviated the individual phytotoxicities of ATZ, whereas combined pollution of ATZ and Cd still induced the decline in photosynthetic performance of I. pseudacorus, and its potential ecological impacts on the aquatic vegetation cannot be ignored. Our findings offer a better understanding of the joint effects of the pesticide and heavy metal on non-target aquatic plants, and provided valuable insights into the interaction of these pollutants in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Wang
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Dongyu Xie
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Lei Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Cui Li
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaoe Que
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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14
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Sameena P, Puthur JT. Differential modulation of photosynthesis and defense strategies towards copper toxicity in primary and cotyledonary leaves of Ricinus communis L. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology 2021; 8:100059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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15
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Wang X, Dingxuan Q, Shi M. Calcium amendment for improved germination, plant growth, and leaf photosynthetic electron transport in oat (Avena sativa) under NaCl stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256529. [PMID: 34428242 PMCID: PMC8384207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential nutrient element for plants as it stabilizes the membrane system structure and controls enzyme activity. To investigate the effects of Ca2+ on plant growth and leaf photosynthetic electron transport in oat (Avena sativa) under NaCl stress, oat seeds and plants were cultivated in nutrient solutions with single NaCl treatment and NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. By measuring the seed germination rate, plant growth, Na+ and Cl- accumulation in leaves, ion leakage in seedlings and leaves, prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF) transient (OJIP), delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF), and modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) values of the leaves at different growth phases, we observed that Ca2+ alleviated the inhibition of germination and plant growth and decreased Na+ and Cl- accumulation and ion leakage in the leaves under NaCl stress. NaCl stress changed the curves of the OJIP transient, induced PF intensity at P-step (FP) decrease and PF intensity at J-step (FJ) increase, resulted in obvious K and L bands, and altered the performance index of absorption (PIABS), the absorption of antenna chlorophyll (ABS/RC), electron movement efficiency (ETo/TRo), and potential maximum photosynthetic capacity (FV/FM) values. With the time extension of NaCl stress, I1 and I2 in the DF curve showed a decreasing trend, the lowest values of MR/MRO curve increased, and the highest points of the MR/MRO curve decreased. Compared with NaCl treatment, the extent of change induced by NaCl in the values of OJIP, DF and MR was reduced in the NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. These results revealed that Ca2+ might improve the photosynthetic efficiency and the growth of salt-stressed plants by maintaining the integrity of oxygen-evolving complexes and electron transporters on the side of the PSI receptor and enhancing the relationship between the functional units of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The findings from this study could be used for improving crop productivity in saline alkali lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyue Dingxuan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
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16
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Nehela Y, Taha NA, Elzaawely AA, Xuan TD, A Amin M, Ahmed ME, El-Nagar A. Benzoic Acid and Its Hydroxylated Derivatives Suppress Early Blight of Tomato ( Alternaria solani) via the Induction of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Machinery. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:663. [PMID: 34436201 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is a destructive foliar fungal disease. Herein, the potential defensive roles of benzoic acid (BA) and two of its hydroxylated derivatives, ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) against A. solani were investigated. All tested compounds showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity against A. solani and significantly reduced the disease development. Benzoic acid, and its hydroxylated derivatives, enhanced vegetative growth and yield traits. Moreover, BA and its derivatives induce the activation of enzymatic (POX, PPO, CAT, SlAPXs, and SlSODs) and non-enzymatic (phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids) antioxidant defense machinery to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis within infected leaves. Additionally, BA and its hydroxylated derivatives induce the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and its biosynthetic genes including isochorismate synthase (SlICS), aldehyde oxidases (SlAO1 and SlAO2), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (SlPAL1, SlPAL2, SlPAL3, SlPAL5, and SlPAL6). Higher SA levels were associated with upregulation of pathogenesis-related proteins (SlPR-1, SlPR1a2, SlPRB1-2, SlPR4, SlPR5, SlPR6), nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (SlNPR1), and salicylic acid-binding protein (SlSABP2). These findings outline the potential application of BA and its hydroxylated derivatives as a sustainable alternative control strategy for early blight disease and also deciphering the physiological and biochemical mechanisms behind their protective role.
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17
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Guo Y, Liu W, Wang H, Wang X, Qiang S, Kalaji HM, Strasser RJ, Chen S. Action Mode of the Mycotoxin Patulin as a Novel Natural Photosystem II Inhibitor. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:7313-7323. [PMID: 34165302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A biocontrol method plays an important role in weed management. In this study, we aimed to clarify the phytotoxicity of the mycotoxin patulin (PAT) and reveal its mode of action as a new natural photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. Phytotoxicity test showed that PAT has herbicidal activity and causes significant leaf lesions on Ageratina adenophora. Under a half-inhibition concentration I50 (2.24 μM), the observed significant decrease in oxygen evolution rate and the increase in the J-step of the chlorophyll fluorescence rise OJIP curve indicated that PAT strongly reduces photosynthetic efficiency by blocking electron transport from the primary to secondary plastoquinone acceptors (QA to QB) of PSII. Molecular modeling of PAT docking to the A. adenophora D1 protein suggested that PAT bounds to the QB site by forming hydrogen bonds to histidine 252 in the D1 protein. It is proposed that PAT is a new natural PSII inhibitor and has the potential to be developed into a bioherbicide or used as a template scaffold for discovering novel derivatives with more potent herbicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Guo
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weizhe Liu
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Wang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Yangcheng Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Yangcheng 048100, China
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw 02776, Poland
| | - Reto Jörg Strasser
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH-1254, Jussy/Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Mara Silva de Pádua G, Maria De Souza J, Celia Moura Sales M, Gomes de Vasconcelos L, Luiz Dall'Oglio E, Faraggi TM, Moreira Sampaio O, Campos Curcino Vieira L. Evaluation of Chalcone Derivatives as Photosynthesis and Plant Growth Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100226. [PMID: 33998137 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of chalcone derivatives as photosystem II (PSII) and plant growth inhibitors. Chalcone derivatives were evaluated as PSII inhibitors through Chl a fluorescence measurement. (E)-Chalcone (6a) and (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (6j) showed the best results, reducing the performance index on absorption basis parameter (PIabs ) by 70 %. Additionally, the decrease of TR0 /RC and ET0 /RC parameters indicates that the chalcone derivatives limited the number of active PSII reaction centers and the amount of trapped energy within them. Compounds 6a and 6j both act as post-emergent herbicides at 50 μM, reducing the root biomass of the Ipomoea grandifolia weed by 72 % and 83 %, respectively, corroborating the fluorescence results. The selectivity against weeds as compared to valuable crops by compounds 6a and 6j were evaluated employing Zea mays and Phaseolus vulgaris plants. In these, our newly synthesized compounds showed no effects on biomass accumulation of roots and aerial parts when compared to the control, providing valuable evidence for the role of these compounds as selective inhibitors of the growth of undesired weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomer M Faraggi
- Product Metabolism Analytical Sciences, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA
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19
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Hussain MI, Reigosa MJ. Secondary Metabolites, Ferulic Acid and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Induced Toxic Effects on Photosynthetic Process in Rumex acetosa L. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020233. [PMID: 33562880 PMCID: PMC7915730 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of broadleaf weeds from agricultural fields has become an urgent task in plant and environment protection. Allelopathic control is considered a potential approach because of its exclusive and ecological safety measures. Plant secondary metabolites also called allelochemicals are released from plant leaves, roots, stem, bark, flowers and play significant roles in soil rhizosphere signaling, chemical ecology, and plant defense. The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of two allelochemicals; ferulic acid (FA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) on photosynthetic characteristics; Fv/Fm: efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry in the dark-adapted state; ΦPSII: photosynthetic quantum yield; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; qP, photochemical quenching, and photon energy dissipation (1−qP)/NPQ in Rumex acetosa following 6 days exposure. R. acetosa seedlings were grown in perlite culture, irrigated with Hoagland solution and treated with allelopathic compounds FA and pHBA and were evaluated against the photosynthetic attributes. Both compounds behaved as potent inhibitors of photosynthetic traits such as Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP, and NPQ in R. acetosa. Photon energy dissipation (1−qP)/NPQ increased significantly from days 3 to 6. Higher dissipation of absorbed energy indicates the inactivation state of reaction centers and their inability to effectively use the absorbed energy in photosynthesis. These results indicated the potential allelopathic application of FA and pHBA for control of broadleaf weed, Rumex acetosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
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Chen W, Jia B, Chen J, Feng Y, Li Y, Chen M, Liu H, Yin Z. Effects of Different Planting Densities on Photosynthesis in Maize Determined via Prompt Fluorescence, Delayed Fluorescence and P700 Signals. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:276. [PMID: 33572625 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The mutual shading among individual field-grown maize plants resulting from high planting density inevitably reduces leaf photosynthesis, while regulating the photosynthetic transport chain has a strong impact on photosynthesis. However, the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in maize currently remains unclear. In this study, we simultaneously measured prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF), modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) and delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF) in order to investigate the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in two maize hybrids widely grown in China. PF transients demonstrated a gradual reduction in their signal amplitude with increasing planting density. In addition, high planting density induced positive J-step and G-bands of the PF transients, reduced the values of PF parameters PIABS, RC/CSO, TRO/ABS, ETO/TRO and REO/ETO, and enhanced ABS/RC and N. MR kinetics showed an increase of their lowest point with increasing high planting density, and thus the values of MR parameters VPSI and VPSII-PSI were reduced. The shapes of DF induction and decay curves were changed by high planting density. In addition, high planting density reduced the values of DF parameters I1, I2, L1 and L2, and enhanced I2/I1. These results suggested that high planting density caused harm on multiple components of maize photosynthetic electron transport chain, including an inactivation of PSII RCs, a blocked electron transfer between QA and QB, a reduction in PSI oxidation and re-reduction activities, and an impaired PSI acceptor side. Moreover, a comparison between PSII and PSI activities demonstrated the greater effect of plant density on the former.
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21
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Sánchez-Moreiras AM, Graña E, Reigosa MJ, Araniti F. Imaging of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Natural Compound-Induced Stress Detection. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:583590. [PMID: 33408728 PMCID: PMC7779684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of chlorophyll a fluorescence (CFI) represents an easy, precise, fast and non-invasive technique that can be successfully used for discriminating plant response to phytotoxic stress with reproducible results and without damaging the plants. The spatio-temporal analyses of the fluorescence images can give information about damage evolution, secondary effects and plant defense response. In the last years, some studies about plant natural compounds-induced phytotoxicity have introduced imaging techniques to measure fluorescence, although the analysis of the image as a whole is often missed. In this paper we, therefore, evaluated the advantages of monitoring fluorescence images, presenting the physiological interpretation of different possible combinations of the most relevant parameters linked to fluorescence emission and the images obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Elisa Graña
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department AGRARIA, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Qing C, Zhang H, Chen A, Lin Y, Shao J. Effects and possible mechanisms of sanguinarine on the competition between Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanophyta) and Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyta): A comparative toxicological study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 206:111192. [PMID: 32858326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytogenic algicide sanguinarine shows strong inhibitory effects on some bloom-forming cyanobacteria and exhibits great potential in cyanobacterial bloom mitigation. To evaluate the possible ecological effects of sanguinarine on microalgae, the effects and possible mechanisms of sanguinarine on the competition between bloom-forming cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly named Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) and green alga Scenedesmus obliquus were investigated through co-culture competition test and comparative toxicological study including growth characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence transients, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation. The results of Raphidiopsis-Scenedesmus co-culture competition test showed that sanguinarine decreased the competition ability of R. raciborskii, which benefitted S. obliquus in winning the competition. Toxicological studies have shown that sanguinarine exhibited high inhibitory effects on the growth and photosynthesis of R. raciborskii but no obvious toxicity on S. obliquus at concentrations of no more than 80 μg L-1. Oxidative damage partially contributed but was not the primary mechanism for the toxicity of sanguinarine on R. raciborskii. The results presented in this study indicate that sanguinarine may be a good algicidal candidate in mitigation of Raphidiopsis-based water bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Qing
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College, Zhuzhou, 412000, PR China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Yiqing Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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23
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Scartazza A, Fambrini M, Mariotti L, Picciarelli P, Pugliesi C. Energy conversion processes and related gene expression in a sunflower mutant with altered salicylic acid metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 148:122-132. [PMID: 31958679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in several responses associated with plant development and defence against biotic and abiotic stress, but its role on photosynthetic regulation is still under debate. This work investigated energy conversion processes and related gene expression in the brachytic mutant of sunflower lingering hope (linho). This mutant was characterized by a higher ratio between the free SA form and its conjugate form SA O-β-D-glucoside (SAG) compared to wild type (WT), without significant changes in the endogenous level of abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The mutant showed an inhibition of photosynthesis due to a combination of both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations, although the latter seemed to play a major role. The reduced carboxylation efficiency was associated with a down-regulation of the gene expression for both the large and small subunits of Rubisco and the Rubisco activase enzyme. Moreover, linho showed an alteration of photosystem II (PSII) functionality, with reduced PSII photochemistry, increased PSII excitation pressure and decreased thermal energy dissipation of excessive light energy. These responses were associated with a lower photosynthetic pigments concentration and a reduced expression of genes encoding for light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (i.e. HaLhcA), chlorophyll binding subunits of PSII proteins (i.e. HaPsbS and HaPsbX), phytoene synthase enzyme and a different expression level for genes related to PSII repair cycle, such as HaPsbA and HaPsbD. The concomitant stimulation of respiratory metabolism, suggests that linho activated a coordinate modulation of chloroplast and mitochondria activities to compensate the energy imbalance and regulate energy conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Fambrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Piero Picciarelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pugliesi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
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24
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Guo Y, Cheng J, Lu Y, Wang H, Gao Y, Shi J, Yin C, Wang X, Chen S, Strasser RJ, Qiang S. Novel Action Targets of Natural Product Gliotoxin in Photosynthetic Apparatus. Front Plant Sci 2020; 10:1688. [PMID: 32063907 PMCID: PMC6999049 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gliotoxin (GT) is a fungal secondary metabolite that has attracted great interest due to its high biological activity since it was discovered by the 1930s. It exhibits a unique structure that contains a N-C = O group as the characteristics of the classical PSII inhibitor. However, GT's phytotoxicity, herbicidal activity and primary action targets in plants remain hidden. Here, it is found that GT can cause brown or white leaf spot of various monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, being regarded as a potential herbicidal agent. The multiple sites of GT action are located in two photosystems. GT decreases the rate of oxygen evolution of PSII with an I 50 value of 60 µM. Chlorophyll fluorescence data from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells and spinach thylakoids implicate that GT affects both PSII electron transport at the acceptor side and the reduction rate of PSI end electron acceptors' pool. The major direct action target of GT is the plastoquinone QB-site of the D1 protein in PSII, where GT inserts in the QB binding niche by replacing native plastoquinone (PQ) and then interrupts electron flow beyond plastoquinone QA. This leads to severe inactivation of PSII RCs and a significant decrease of PSII overall photosynthetic activity. Based on the simulated modeling of GT docking to the D1 protein of spinach, it is proposed that GT binds to the-QB-site through two hydrogen bonds between GT and D1-Ser264 and D1-His252. A hydrogen bond is formed between the aromatic hydroxyl oxygen of GT and the residue Ser264 in the D1 protein. The 4-carbonyl group of GT provides another hydrogen bond to the residue D1-His252. So, it is concluded that GT is a novel natural PSII inhibitor. In the future, GT may have the potential for development into a bioherbicide or being utilized as a lead compound to design more new derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Guo
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuping Lu
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Wang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yazhi Gao
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Shi
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cancan Yin
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Reto Jörg Strasser
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Quy TN, Xuan TD, Andriana Y, Tran HD, Khanh TD, Teschke R. Cordycepin Isolated from Cordyceps militaris: Its Newly Discovered Herbicidal Property and Potential Plant-Based Novel Alternative to Glyphosate. Molecules 2019; 24:E2901. [PMID: 31405038 PMCID: PMC6720702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently much interest in finding new phytochemicals among plants and fungi as nature-based alternatives to replace problematic herbicides such as glyphosate, which are preferentially used in agricultural production n. We discovered striking herbicidal potency in Cordyceps militaris (L.) and identified cordycepin as its principal plant growth inhibitor. Cordycepin obtained as an ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography and evaluated for its bioassay-guided phytotoxic capacity against Raphanus sativus (radish), showing a maximum inhibition on germination and growth of radish (IC50 = 0.052-0.078 mg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (m/z: 251.2) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) ([M + Na]+ m/z: 274.1; [M + H]+ m/z: 252.1) analyses confirmed cordycepin as the major component of the tested column fraction (55.38%). At 0.04 mg/mL, cordycepin showed 3.8-5.9- and 3.3-3.7-fold greater inhibition of the germination and growth of radish than benzoic acid (BA) and glyphosate, respectively. Compared with BA, isolated cordycepin reduced plant chlorophyll and carotenoid contents (2.0-9.5 -fold), while proline, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were increased 1.2-1.8-fold. Finally, cordycepin promoted electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation in radish aerial parts. Thus, cordycepin successfully isolated from Cordyceps militaris is a highly potent plant growth inhibitor with pending worldwide patent and may become a potential plant-based novel alternative to the disputed glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Quy
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Can Tho University, Can Tho City 902070, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Yusuf Andriana
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany
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26
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Bortolo TDSC, Marchiosi R, Viganó J, Siqueira-Soares RDC, Ferro AP, Barreto GE, Bido GDS, Abrahão J, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O. Trans-aconitic acid inhibits the growth and photosynthesis of Glycine max. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 132:490-496. [PMID: 30292981 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grasses producing trans-aconitic acid, a geometric isomer of cis-aconitic acid, are often used in Glycine max rotation systems. However, the effects of trans-aconitic acid on Glycine max are unknown. We conducted a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the effects of 2.5-10 mM trans-aconitic acid on Glycine max growth and photosynthesis. The results revealed that the enhanced H2O2 production in the roots increased the membrane permeability and reduced the water uptake. These effects culminated with a reduced stomatal conductance (gs), which seems to be the main cause for a decreased photosynthetic rate (A). Due to low gs, the limited CO2 assimilation may have overexcited the photosystems, as indicated by the high production of H2O2 in leaves. After 96 h of incubation, and due to H2O2-induced damage to photosystems, a probable non-stomatal limitation for photosynthesis contributed to reducing A. This is corroborated by the significant decrease in the quantum yield of electron flow through photosystem II in vivo (ΦPSII) and the chlorophyll content. Taken together, the damage to the root system and photosynthetic apparatus caused by trans-aconitic acid significantly reduced the Glycine max plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joselaine Viganó
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Ferro
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Elen Barreto
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Graciene de Souza Bido
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Josielle Abrahão
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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